2015 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾

Transcription

1 wdpd¾h mdlhfida;s irjkuq;a;= $ wdpd¾h chïm;s úl%ur;ak $ wdpd¾h w;=, ú;dkjiï $ uydpd¾h kjr;ak nkavdr $ ks;s{ fla' ví,sõ' ckrxck $ wdpd¾h Wmq,a wfír;ak ks;s{ Ysrd,a,la;s,l $ fchiag lóldpd¾h iajdñkdoka úu,a $ wdpd¾h wix. je,sl, $ frdydka tèßisxy $ l=uqosks ieuqfj,a $ rejkaos jlaje,a, $ uydpd¾h frdydka iurôj ysgmq ckdêm;sks pkaøsld nkavdrkdhl l=udrk;=x. $ ksfhdach wud;h lrekdr;ak mrkú;dk $ wud;h,laiauka lsßwe,a, $ wud;h ÿñkao Èidkdhl md¾,sfïka;= uka;%s úð; fyar;a $ ks;s{ ksidï ldßhmam¾ $ iqf¾ia fm%aupkaøka

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3 1 ISSN jeks fj u 03 jeks l,dmh 2015 fkdjeïn¾ - foieïn¾ ÿrl:kh $4 $ *elaia B-fï,a cpa@cpalanka.org fjí kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj.euqre uyck ixjdohlska ks¾udkh úh hq;=hs kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.eksu wfma rfü m%uql;u yd jeo.;a u ld¾hndrh ù ;sfí' tfy;a ta ms<sn.euqre yrj;a l;sldj;la f.dvke.sug rch fuka u wfkl=;a md¾yajhka o wiu;a j we;' wdkavq fjkila isÿ jqj o tys ia:djr nj iïnkaofhka mek ke.=kq.eg iukh lsíu wdkavqfõ m<uq j.lsu njg m;aúh' fï ksid úyd, ld,hla wmf;a.sfha h' kj wdkaavql%u jhjia:djla iïmdokh lsífï ls%hdj,sh W.;=ka lsysm fofkl=g isud fkdjq uyck l;sldj;la Tiafia isÿúh hq;== nj wms óg fmr o wjodrkh lf<uq' ;rula m%udo ù fyda ±kaj;a wdrïn úh hq;af;a tu ls%hdj,shhs' jhjia:djg wka;¾.; úh hq;= lrekq iïnkaofhka ìï uügfï isg tk woyia ixflakaøkh lsífï úêu;a ie,eiaula yd wdh;k jhqyhla wjyh fõ' ta i yd fn!;sl yd udkj iïm;a ysõhla ke;' úfyai{ {dkh we;s nqoaêu;ayq o isá;s' ;dcikh o we;' wjyh jkafka ls%hdkaú;hhs' fufyhùuhs' tfuka u wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ms<sn úih mdi,a úih ud,djg tlaúh hq;= h' fndfyda rgj, jhjia:d wohdmkh ls%hd;aul fõ' fuys m%;sm,h jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka ±kqj;a mqrjeishka ìysùu yd Tjqka tys fldgialrejka ùu h' rdch m%;sm;a;s ilia lsíu yd tajd ls%hd;aul lsíu mqrjeishdf.a lghq;a;la jkafka túg h' ksoyiska miqj rg tlai;a lsífï m%odk ndolh ù we;af;a úúo;ajh ms<s.eksu Tiafia iïuq;shlg hk jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.eksug wiu;a ùu h' fï ksid wmg we;af;a m<ska m< wkav ouk,o jhjia:djls' ;rek ke.sàï 3la Tiafia f,days;.x.d ls.sh fmdf<djls' ±ÿre ù.sh iudchls' tu iudch ksfrda.s iqjm;a iudchla njg m;al< yels ksiel u. kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djhs' úúo iydh uyskao r;akdhl" <ysre ls;,.u mß.kl wcir $ msg ljrh $ msgq ie,iqu jdlhd re ÿ'we' uqøkh.af,daí ms%kaáka j¾laia ÿ'we' idu úu¾ys hkq úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha idu yd.egqï úyaf,aik tallfha iy m%cd iynd.s;aj tallfha m%ldykhls' úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh hkq iajdëk foaymd,k mcijd ;ajfhka f;dr ixúodkhla jk w;r th uq,sl jyfhka rdchlrkh iy.egqï ksrdlrkh yd ine.eg flfrys ish wjodkh fhduq lrhs' 1996 úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh msysgqjkq,enqfha uyck m%;sm;a;ska ms<sn j jq l;sldj; i yd isú,a iudcfha iôù odhl;ajh w;hjyh jk njg yd th Yla;su;a l< hq;= j mj;sk njg jk ±ä úyajdih fmr±ß fldgf.k h' uyck m%;sm;a;ska úfõpkd;aul j úu¾ykhg Ndckh lrk" úl,amhka y kd.kakd yd tajd jhdma; lrk m¾fhaik yd n,meï lsífï jevigyka fjkqfjka úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh lem ù isà' idu úu¾ys m%ldykh" Y%S,xldfõ.egqï úi d.eksug fnfyúka wod< jk m%yak ms<sn j" wmf.a idu yd.egqï úyaf,aik jevigyk yd fmdÿ uyck;dj o w;r wka;¾ ls%hdldí;ajhla we;slrùfï tla u.ls' fuys wka;¾.; woyia u.ska wjyhfhka u úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha fyda tys wohci ukav,fha fyda woyia ms<sìuq fkd fõ' jeäÿrg úia;r i yd my; i yka,smskfhka úuikak' ixialdrl" idu úu¾ys úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh" 6$5" f,hd¾âia mdr" fld<u 05" Y%S,xldj' ÿrl:kh $06 *elaia B-fï,a cpa@cpalanka.org fjí

4 2 mgqk 2015 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ idoksh wjidkhla lrd 3 wdpd¾h mdlhfida;s irjkuq;a;= 72 iy 78 l< jro fujr fkdl< hq;= hs 7 wdpd¾h chïm;s úl%ur;ak jhjia:dj ;=<skau wdkavq n,h isudl< hq;=hs 11 wdpd¾h w;=, ú;dkjiï jhjia:d m%;sixialrkfha Wmdh ud¾.sl m%fõyhka 17 uydpd¾h kjr;ak nkavdr.sukayeíu kj;ajd mqrjeis ixúodk kej;;a il%sh úhhq;=hs 22 ks;s{ fla' ví,sõ' ckrxck ks¾udkd;aul jhjia:djla wmg wjyhhs 28 wdpd¾h Wmq,a wfír;ak n,h fn u fyd hs m%dfhda.sl fya;= ksid th l< fkdyels hs 34 ks;s{ Ysrd,a,la;s,l wkd.; iudc foaymd,k wnsu;d¾: ie,ls,a,g.ksuq 39 fchiag lóldpd¾h iajdñkdoka úu,a kj jhjia:djla 42 wdpd¾h wix. je,sl, jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh iy ldka;d ksfhdackh 64 refjkaos jlaje,a, Ñka;kh os<s kï hym;a wdkavql%uhla ke 67 uydpd¾h frdydka iurôj úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;al< hq;=hs 72 ysgmq ckdêm;sks pkaøsld nkavdrkdhl l=udrk;=x. jhjia:d fjkila w;hjyhhs talg fõ,dj fkdfõ 76 lrekdr;ak mrkú;dk wjika ;SrKhla ke= 80 wud;h,laiauka lsßwe,a, Èk 100g ks;sh ndodjla jqkd 83 wud;h ÿñkao Èidkdhl lñgq fhdackdj md¾,sfïka;=jg bèßm;a fkdlsíu.ek we;af;a l<lsíula 87 ks;s{ ksidï ldßhmam¾.eg fõ yrh wduka;%kh l< yels jhjia:djla 48 frdydka tèßisxy jhjia:dj w f;ka u iïmdokh l< hq;=hs 92 úð; fyar;a isú,a iudch uq,msrefõ uq,skauhs 59 l=uqosks ieuqfj,a iajhx md,kh mokï lr.;a jhjia:d fjkila wjyhhs 97 iqf¾ia fm%aupkaøka

5 3 wdkavql%u jhjia:d m%;sixialrk ms<sn j jq ¾> újdoh idoksh wjidkhla lrd miq.sh oyl y;rla muku jq ld,h mqrd mej;s ckdêm;sjrk iy uyue;sjrk ish,a,l u mdfya flakaøshj mej;s,cikhla jqfha wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ m%;sixialrk isÿlsíu iy thskq;a úfyaifhkau úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydais lsíuhs' ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;d ckdêm;sjrkhg bèßm;a jk njg meje;ajq m<uq m%jd;a;s idlépdj wdpd¾h mdlhfida;s irjkuq;a;= 1978 wdkavql%u jhjia:dj mekjq od isgu th wj,x.= lrk f,i jq b,a,su o wdrïn jq nj;a ta ms<sn j jq újdoh o ta i yd l<hq;af;a l=ula o" flfia o iy fldmuk blaukskao hkd jyfhka WÉp;ajfha fjkialï iys;j È.ska È.gu mej;s nj;a lsu w;syfhdala;shla fkdfõ' miq.sh oyl y;rla muku jq ld,h mqrd mej;s ckdêm;sjrk iy uyue;sjrk ish,a,l u mdfya flakaøshj mej;s,cikhla jqfha wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ m%;sixialrk isÿlsíu iy thskq;a úfyaifhkau úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydais lsíuhs' 2001 jifrys isÿlrk,o 17 jk ixfydaokh olajdu tu Oqrfha n,h wvqlsíu flfia fj;;a ;=<kh lsíugj;a lsisÿ mshjrla.kq fkd,eìks' ta i yd iene W;aidyhla.kq,enQfha 2015 jifrys jk w;r tys m%;sm,h jqfha 19 jk wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokhhs'

6 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ kj wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdokh ish,a,kaf.a woyia úuik iy ck iynd.s;aj ls%hdoduhla úh hq;=h' tu.ska lsisfjl=;a w;yer ±óu fyda lsisjl=g ijka fkd isàu isÿúh hq;a;la fkdfõ' rgl W;a;Í;r ks;sh wdkavql%u jhjia:dj jk w;r th mj;skafka ck;dj wdrcid lsíughs' Tjqka th iïmdokh lsífï fldgialrejka úh hq;=h' tu ixfydaokh ms<sn j o úfõpk mej;s w;r we;uqka lshd isáfha isÿjq mßè n,;, wvqlsíu fjkqjg isÿl< hq;=j ;snqfka úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydais lsíu jk njhs' tu woyig tfrys jk ;j;a wh lshd isákafka ckdêm;sjrkfhka miq isÿlrk njg Pkaoodhlhka yg jq fmdfrdkaÿj cku; úpdrkhla wjyh fkdjk wdldrfha wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokhla jq neúka Oqrh wfydais lsífï úl,amhla ieneúkau fkd;snqkq njh' ta flfia fj;;a ckjd¾.sl.egqug foaymd,k úi ula iemhsu m%odk fldgf.k úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh iy wfkl=;a.eg rdyshla jgd újdoh È.gu isÿfjñka mj;s' wmg kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyh jkafka wehs hkak fukau tys wruqk fyda wruqkq úhhq;af;a fudkjdo hkd jk uq,sl m%yak wm wmf. kau wid.eksu o jeo.;ah' jir.kkdjla mej;s.egqu iy hqoaoh fukau wdkavqlrkh iy foaymd,k ixiald;sfhys isÿù we;s Ldokh fj; wm wdmiq yeí ne,sh hq;=h' YsIag iïmkak iy YS,dpdr iudchka ms<sn j jq BY%dh,fha od¾yksl wúydhs ud.,süf.a ^Avishai Margalit& woyi j¾;udk YS%,xldfõ wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdokfhys,d fl;rï WÑ; iy úysiag u. fmkaùula imhhs o hkak tys wmg fmks hkq we;' Tyq mjik wdldrhg YsIag iïmkak iudchla hkq wdh;khka úiska mqrjeishka wjudkhg,la fkdlrk tfukau mqrjeishka úiska tlsfkld wjudkhg,lalr fkd. kakd iudchls' furfgys ienúkau mj;skafka ks;sfha wdêm;hfhys lvdjeàu n,j;a lrñka iy tu.ska wmf.a ck;djkaf.a w;syh uq,sl nyq;ajjdoh iy úúo;ajh ms<sn j iel we;s lrñka Tjqka cd;sl;aj" wd.ñl;aj iy mx;s wkqj tlsfkld iuõ.eàug i,iajk wfydank nyq;ajjdohls' wm tlsfkld fj; lr.kq,en we;s b;du my;a uügfï jq wjudkhka ms<sn j ±kqj;aùu i yd lsisÿ YS%,dxlslfhl= hqoaofha wjidk wjêh ms<sn j jq udkj ysñlï ms<sn uy flduidßiajrhdf.a jd¾;dj lshùu wjyhu fkdfõ' n,h yd wêldí;ajh mq¾k f,i wjndú;h iy th,xldj mqrd fmdaikh l< o~qjï fkd,nd jro lsíu ms<sn j jq ixiald;sh ms<sn j wmf.au jq l;djka wm ieu i;=j we;' tfukau tu.ska isÿlr we;s ydksh iy ta ms<sn j hula lsífï ±ä wjyh;djh wm ieu iaòr f,iu kuq;a fifuka wjfndao fldgf.k isáuq' fuu jifrys meje;ajqkq cd;sl ue;sjrk folu ta ms<sn j jq tajd fõ' tajd u.ska wdrïnhla i,l=kq fldg we;' ;u ish ck;djkaf.a wjyh;dj yd wns,dihka imqrk wdh;khka iy ls%hdoduhka iys; kj YS%,xldjla f.dvkexùfï l¾;jhhg wm ±ka Wr Èhhq;=j we;' uq,sl whs;shla f,i ta wkqj" kj wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdokh ish,a,kaf.a woyia úuik iy ck iynd.s;aj ls%hdoduhla úh hq;=h' tu.ska lsisfjl=;a w;yer ±óu fyda lsisjl=g ijka fkd isàu isÿúh hq;a;la fkdfõ' rgl W;a;Í;r ks;sh wdkavql%u jhjia:dj jk w;r th mj;skafka ck;dj wdrcid lsíughs' Tjqka th iïmdokh lsífï fldgialrejka úh hq;=h' fkdtfiaj wka whg tu l¾;jhh mjrd jl% f,i thg odhl jkakka úhhq;= fkdfõ' 1972 iy 1978 foayc wdkavql%u jhjia:djka iïmdokfhys ck;d iynd.s;ajhla fkd;snqkq ;rï jk w;r ;snqkd kï ta b;du iq fjka fõ' fufiaùu kej; isÿ fkdúh hq;=h' úfyaifhkau tfia isÿ fkdúh hq;=jkafka 2015 jifrys mej;s cd;sl ue;sjrk foflys u wm mqrjeishka f,i ie,l=kq w;r fndfyda fofkla wmg l<yelshehs fkdis;+ fjkila iduldó f,i isÿlsíug tf,i wmg n,h mjrkq,enq fyhsks' tu n,.ekaùu ms<sn j jq yeõsu jvd;a j¾okh l<hq;= w;r rdcjxy jhdmd;shl kshe,s lsysmfofkl=f.a jrm%idohla fyda mq¾k whs;shla f,i th fkdj ls%hd;aul m%cd;ka;%hl ish fokdf.a uq,sl whs;shla f,i th ;yjqre l<hq;=h'

7 5 fojkqj" wm ie<ls,a,g.;hq;= lrekla jkafka" oyl.kkla fyda we;eï úg ishjia.kkl ld,hla mqrd mej;s we;s f,dalfha we;eï rgj, wdkavql%u jhjia:djka ilikq,en we;af;a úodhl n,fha Ndú;h ms<sn j ieliys; ù ta u; ixjrk ;=,k l%u ls%hd;aul lsíug wègkska ls%hdl<jqka úiska ñi n,h Ndú;h ms<sn wdila; ù th whq;= f,i Ndú;hg fm<uqkjqka úiska fkdjk njh' wmf.a wdkavql%u jhjia:d mßkduh msßlaid neæúg fmks hkafka tla uq,dy%hla jgd fyda ks,hla jgd n,h ixflakaøkh ùu iy ;yjqre ùu lems fmfkk,cikhla ù we;s njhs' tneúka j;auka ikao¾nh ;=< 19 jk ixfydaokh u.ska úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrfha n,;, wdl%ukh lsíula isÿj we;;a kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla u.ska úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydais lrkjd mukla fkdj th úodhl w.ue;s Oqrhla iu. yqjudre lr.eksu o isÿ fkdjk njg iy;sl lr.eksu o jeo.;a fjhs' md¾,sfïka;=j Yla;su;a l<hq;=h' úfyaifhkau fyd.=kd;aul njlska yd úfyai{;djhlska hq;= iaòr ld¾hukav,hla iys; lñgq l%uhla ;=<ska úodhl n,h fj; jk ixjrk ;=<khla njg" j;aufkys úodhlfha ;SrK.ekSfuys rn¾ uqødjla njg m;aù we;s jhjia:dodhlh m;al< hq;=h' mßk; m%cd;dka;s%l rdchhkays w.ue;sjreka jvd;a ckdêm;sjrekaf.a,cikhka w;alr.ksñka mej;su ms<sn j hï l,l isg mj;sk újdohla fjhs' fuu lrek ms<sn j wmf.a ikao¾nh ;=< wjodkhla fkdùu wmf.a wdkavql%u jhjia:duh mßkduh ms<sn j jq ms<sìuqjla fjhs' fï wdys%;ju mj;sk jeo.;a lrekq jkafka ckjd¾. sl.egqug foaymd,ksl yd wdkavql%u jhjia:duh úi ula iemhsu iy tjekakla ord isákakd jq n,h fnodyod.eksu ms<sn j jq woyia h' ckjdß ui ckdêm;sjrk igk mokï lr.kq,enqfha wdkavqlrkh u;h' tys by; lrek ms<sn j ksyayíoj isàfï tlõ;djhla mej;=fka tfia fkdjqjfyd;a mq,a rdcmci úfrdaë ind.fhys iu.sh wk;=rg m;aúh yelsj ;snq neúks' wfkla w;g fufia lsíu idodrk nj lsj yelafla cd;sl;aj.egqug foaymd,k iy wdkavql%u jhjia:duh úi ula we;slr. eksu i yd fhda.h iy myiqldrl miqìula ks¾udkh lr.eksu i yd ksis wdkavqlrk ;;ajhka o wjyh jk neúks' fï wkqj n,k l, fï m%yakh ms<sn j lghq;= lsíu ±ka wdkavqlrkfha meje;au ;SrKh lrk mícikh o ù we;s nj lsjyelsh' Wmßu n,hla hï uügulg u;fnaoldí ;;ajhla o wjq jñka fuu.eg jg úi u f*vr,ajdoh nj fou< cd;sl ikaodkh ;u ue;sjrk m%ldykfhka lshd isáfha h' tkuqÿ 2015 ckjdß ch.%dys ikaodkfha wfkla mci j, fmdÿ ia:djrh nj fmfkkafka' talsh rdchhla ;=< Wmßu n,h fn ula hkak nj fmfka' thg wh;a jkafka fudkjd o hkak meyeè,s lsíula ;ju;a isÿù ke;' 13 jk wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokh iïnkaofhka j¾;udkfha ;;ajdldrfhka ^De Facto& mj;sk ;;a;ajh tkï tys bvï iy fmd,sia n,;, ms<sn j jq úêúodkhka ls%hd;aul fkdlrkjdo tfia;a ke;akï tu úêúodkhka ls%hd;aul lsíu o Bg wh;a o hkak ;ju;a meyeè,s l<hq;=j we;' 19 jk ixfydaokh u.ska úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrfha n,;, wdl%ukh lsíula isÿj we;;a kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla u.ska úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydais lrkjd mukla fkdj th úodhl w.ue;s Oqrhla iu. yqjudre lr.eksu o isÿ fkdjk njg iy;sl lr.eksu o jeo.;a fjhs' md¾,sfïka;=j Yla;su;a l<hq;=h' úfyaifhkau fyd.=kd;aul njlska yd úfyai{;djhlska hq;= iaòr ld¾hukav,hla iys; lñgq l%uhla ;=<ska úodhl n,h fj; jk ixjrk ;=<khla njg" j;aufkys úodhlfha ;SrK.ekSfuys rn¾ uqødjla njg m;aù we;s jhjia:dodhlh m;al< hq;=h' fï ms<sn j jk tla ;¾lhla jkafka m%dfhda.sl m¾hdf,dalhlska hq;=j lghq;= lsíuhs' tkï wjyh jkafka l=ulao hk m%yakh k.ñka f,an,a Ndú;fhka je<ls bèßhg lghq;= lrf.k hduhs' fuh

8 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ tlai;a cd;skaf.a udkj ysñlï ms<sn uyflduidßiajrhdf.a ld¾hd,fha wkq.%yhfhka mj;ajkq,enq mícikfha jd¾;dj ksl=;aùfuka iy YS%,xldfõ rch iy weußld tlai;a ckmoh iy ;j;a rdchhka tlaj bèßm;a lrkq,enq tlai;a cd;skaf.a udkj ysñlï ljqkais,fha fhdackdj iïu;ùfuka miq rch úiska úyajiksh foaysh hdka;%khla u.ska isÿlrkq,nk j.ùï ls%hdoduhla ms<sn j fmdfrdkaÿjla fokq,eìks' l=uk kulska ye kajqjo frdai uf,ys iqjf ys fjkila we;s fkdfõ hk wdldrfha ;¾lhls' tys hï jákdlula o fkdue;af;a fkdfõ' kuq;a wdkavql%u jhjia:duh w¾:l:k fj; fhduq jq úg YS%,xldj talsh rdchhla h hk j.ka;sh È.gu mj;skafka hhs is;uq' túg wdkavql%u jhjia:d wêlrkh fyda fy%iagdêlrkh úiska.kq,nk ia:djrh l=ulaúh yels m%uql;djh fokq,nkq we;af;a Wmßu n,h fn ug o ke;akï talsh rdchhg j.ùu n,h fn u ms<sn ;¾lhg ms<s;=r mj;skq we;af;a fou< cd;sl ikaodkhg iy n,fha isák rchg tlõúh yels fofhysh' th l=ula jqjo bèßhg j¾okh jkakd jq fohla jkq we;' tkï" m%dfhda.sl ;,fhka u;=fjkakd jq wnsfhda.hka iy bv m%ia:djka u.ska yev.iajkakla jkq we;' tlai;a cd;skaf.a udkj ysñlï ms<sn uyflduidßiajrhdf.a ld¾hd,fha wkq.%yhfhka mj;ajkq,enq mícikfha jd¾;dj ksl=;aùfuka iy YS%,xldfõ rch iy weußld tlai;a ckmoh iy ;j;a rdchhka tlaj bèßm;a lrkq,enq tlai;a cd;skaf.a udkj ysñlï ljqkais,fha fhdackdj iïu;ùfuka miq rch úiska úyajiksh foaysh hdka;%khla u.ska isÿlrkq,nk j.ùï ls%hdoduhla ms<sn j fmdfrdkaÿjla fokq,eìks' fuu j.ùfï ls%hdoduh o by; m%yakhg idcqju wod<fõ' fï ms<sn j jq újdoh flakaø.;j we;af;a úfyai wêlrkh yd úfyai fldkai,ajrhdf.a ld¾hd,h iïnkaofhka.;a l< fouqyqka njla ^hybridity& ;sfnkq we;s kï fldmuk fouqyqka njla rch úiska ms<s.kq,nhs o hk lrek u;h' fuu wdh;k foflka ljrl jqjo hï úfoayslhka we;=<;a jkq we;skï thska cd;sl mrudêm;hh W,a,x>kh jk nj we;euqka ;¾l lrk w;r tjka keu hdka;%khla foi úkaè;hka iy Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj, whf.a me;sudkfhka n,k l, th iïmq¾kfhkau foayshjqjla kï tys úyajiksh njla fkdmj;skq we;s njg ;j;a we;euqka fmkajd fo;s' jeäÿrg;a" ks;sh ls%hd;aul lsíu ms<sn j jq ue;ld,sk isÿùï u.ska fmkajd fokq,nkafka" iajdëk;ajhg WmldÍjk jvd ksoyia jd;djrkhla ;=< ls%hd;aul fjñka jqjo" ck;djg úyajdih iy r d mej;sh yels njla fmkaùug kï ;j;a fndfyda ÿrla hd hq;=j ;sfnk njhs' tfia jqfha o idudkh wmrdo iïnkaofhka jk úg cd;hka;rj ms<s.;a wmrdo iy ukqih j¾.hdg tfrys wmrdo iïnkaofhka úhyels ;;ajh lshkqu ljf¾ tfukau úfyai{ {dkh iy m,mqreoao iïnkao jq.eg o mj;s' mrudêm;hh ms<sn j jq ;¾lh iïnkaofhka wm ie<ls,a,g.;hq;= lrekla jkafka 1950 oylfha ueond.h muk jk f;la wmf.a fy%iagdêlrkfha úfoaysl úksiqrejreka isá njh' tfukau mícik fldñika indj,g iïnkaoj o úfoayslhka isg we;' ienúkau hqo wmrdo iy ukqih j¾.hdg tfrys wmrdo iïnkaofhka jq fpdaokd ms<sn j ðksjd fj; bèßm;a l<hq;=hehs j.ùï ls%hdoduhkag tfrysjqjka úiska lshd isák WmfoaYl u;hka,shkq,enqfõ cd;hka;r ks;s{hka úiska ñi foaysh wh úiska fkdfõ' wdkavql%u jhjia:d m%;sixialrk oyl.kkdjla uyck újdo khdh m;%fha ;snqfka ù kuqÿ thska tajd ls%hdjg kexùu lsisfia;au myiqùula isÿfkdjkq we;s w;r wnsfhda. j,ska o msí mj;skq we;' mqrjeishka Tjqfkdjqka úiska fyda wdh;khka úiska wjudkhg,lalsíug fkdyelsjk YsIag iïmkak iudchl jdih lrkakd jq ish ck;djka w;r jq cd;sl tluq;= njla iy w¾:dkaú; iu.s ikaodkhla u.ska tlaj ne mj;akd kj YS%,xldjla f.dvkexùu i yd jq bv m%ia:djkaf.ka o th msí mj;skq we;' fuys wiu;a ùu wmg lsisfia;au ±ßh yelalla fkdfõ' ²

9 7 72 iy 78 l< jro fujr fkdl< hq;= hs jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,fha /iaúula wdpd¾h chïm;s úl%ur;ak rfü uq,sl iy W;a;Í;r ks;sh jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:djhs' úodhlh" jhjia:dodhl iy wêlrkh fukau mqrjeishka w;r we;s ffk;sl iïnkaoh l=ula o hkak tys i yka fõ' Bg wu;rj fuls wdh;k iy mqrjeishka iy we;s ne ï hk ish,a,u i yka jkafka wdkavl%u jhjia:dfõ h',så; wdkavq l%u jhjia:dj fndfyda rgj, oelsh yels w;r,så; wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ke;s rgj,a yeáhg tlai;a rdcodksh iy BY%dh,h y qkajd fokakg mq jk' w,så; jhjia:d iïm%odhka iy ta iïnkaofhka lghq;= tlai;a rdcodksfha mj;sk w;r ì%;dkhfha md¾,sfïka;=fõ isudj,a ke;' iïm%odhka yd isß;aúß;a u; tfiaa l%shd;aul jqj o" uyd n%s;dkhfha udkj ysñlï mk; ;sfí' uyd ì%;dkhfha ish u ks;s hqfrdamfha udkj ysñlï m%{ma;shg wkql+,úh hq;= h' ta wkqj hqfrdamsh udkj ysñlï m%{ma;shg wkql+, fkdjk ks;s fyda j.ka;s ms<sn j úksyaphla fokakg Widúj,g n,;, ;sfí' taflkau

10 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ megfjkjd jydu talg wjyh ixfydaok f.k tkakg' uyd ì%;dkhfha mjd wo W;a;Í;r md¾,sfïka;=jla ke;' tys o wo W;a;Í;r jkafka wkavql%u jhjia:dj h' ta wkqj W;a;Í;r md¾,sfïka;=jla iy f,dalfha fyd u iy Yla;su;a u talsh rdch ;sfnkafka ì%s;dkhfha hehs lsj;a" wo th fjkia ù we;' wo iafldü,ka;hg" wh¾,ka;hg iy l=uk ixfydaokhla fyda lrkakg cku; úpdrkhla wjyh h' taflkau fmfkkjd w ;a jhjia:djla yokúg cku; úpdrkhla wjyh nj' ks;hdkql+, yd jhjia:dkql+, wjyh;djhg wu;rj w ;a jhjia:djla tkúg cku; úpdrkhlska wkqu; lr.eksu hym;a h' fõ,aihg fjka fjka uügfï n,;,,nd ;sfí' ta n,;, ish,a, wdmiq.kakg mq jk' kuq;a Tjqfkdjqkf.a leue;a; ke;sj fnodyer we;s tu n,hg msáka ks;s yokafka ke;s njg uyd ì%;dkhh ta tla tla m%dka;h iuõ wjfndao;d.súiqulg meñk we;' fï wkqj wmsg fmfkkafka fjiañksiag¾ md¾,sfïka;=j kdñl jyfhka talsh jqjdg l%shd;aul fjkafka talshj fkdjk nj' iqcd; nj,xldj iy bkaèhdj jeks wksla ieu rglu mdfya,så; jhjia:djla ;sfí' ta,så; jhjia:d ;sfnk ksidu ta jhjia:d k úèhg fjkia lrkakg fkdyel' ieu rglu jhjia:djl idudkh ks;shla mkjkjd fuka fkdj jhjia:d fjkia lrk úg md¾,sfïka;=fõ jeä nyq;rhla wjyhh fõ' fndfyda rgj, ;=fkka folla wjyh h' ñhkaud¾j, jhjia:dj fjkia lrkakg jhjia:dodhlfha y;frka ;=kl wkque;sh wjyh fõ' wfma wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ iuyr j.ka;s j,g ;=fkka fofla wkque;shg wu;rj cku; úpdrkhl=;a wjyh h' kj;u jhjia:djla f.ktkafka kï wfma jhjia:dfõ ;sfnkjd j.ka;s.kkdjla" tjdfha l=uk ixfydaokhla fyda lrkakg cku; úpdrkhla wjyh h' taflkau fmfkkjd w ;a jhjia:djla yokúg cku; úpdrkhla wjyh nj' ks;hdkql+, yd jhjia:dkql+, wjyh;djhg wu;rj w ;a jhjia:djla tkúg cku; úpdrkhlska wkqu; lr.eksu hym;a h' túg kj jhjia:djg lsishï iqcd; Ndjhla,efí' flfia kuq;a ue;sjrk follskau kj jhjia:djla i yd ck;dj wkque;sh we;s kuq;a miq.sh md¾,sfïka;=fõ isá uka;%sjre thg leue;a;la oelajqfha ke;' ck;djf.a mrudê;hg l=ula isÿ jkafka o hk.eg j fuys u;=fõ' tfyhska jhjia:dj fjkia lsßu md¾,sfïka;=fõ uka;%sjrekag Ndr isáhdu yßhkafka ke;' m<fjks jeo.;au foa jkafka md¾,sfïka;=fõ isÿfjk idlépd mdrodyh wdldrhg isÿùu' ld,fha md¾,sfïka;= f;aíï ldrl ind j, ;uhs kj jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka idlépd we;sjqfka' kuq;a f;aíï ldrl indfõ fudlo fjkafka lsh,d ñksiqka okafka ke;' rg okafka o ke;' ck udoh o okafka ke;' talg bèßm;a lrk f,alk m%isoaêhg m;a lrkafka o ke;' ta ksid md¾,sfïka;=fõ flfrk ta foa mdrodyhndjhla ke;' kuq;a w;r;=r úyd, idlépdjla we;s jq nj ms<s.; hq;= h' úfyaifhkau n,h fn u ms<sn j jeäfokdf.a wjodkh fhduq ù ;snqks' ta w;ru tla;rd wdldrhlg md¾,sfïka;=jg n,meula o wdfõ h' wo fhdackd fj,d ;sfnkafka" úfyaifhka tlai;a cd;sl fmruqk fhdackd lr isáfha md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla f,i /iaúh hq;= nj h' tlai;a cd;sl mlaih yd Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaih w;r we;slr.;a wjfndao;d.súiqfï o md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:d iïmdol indjla f,i /iajk nj i yka fõ' kuq;a jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla hkafkka woyia jkafka l=ula o lshk m%yakh thska mek k.s' 1970 Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaih iy iuiudc fldñhqksiaü mlai lshd isáhd wmsg fka jhjia:dj fjkia lrkakg fkdj w ;a jhjia:djla yokakg nj' tjlg mej;s jhjia:j wmf.a md¾,sfïka;=fõ mk;a iïu; ùu u.ska yomq tlla fkdj tal rdc wd{djls' md¾,sfïka;= mk;lska wmsg ksoyi ÿkafka ù kuq;a tu jhjia:dj rdc wd{djla jqfha h'

11 9 ta jkúg w ;ska ksoyi Èkd.;a rgj, hg;a úð;jdohg tfrysj ;ukaf.au jhjia:djla" ke;skï ;ukaf.a u fmdf<dfjka u;= jq jhjia:d yok m%jk;djhla ;snqks' tjlg m%súljqkais,fha ;snq kvq lsysmhl ;skaÿ j, iuyr jels foi neæúg" ì%;dkhhka wmsg ÿka jhjia:dj wmsg fka yeáhg fjkia lrkakg yels o hkak o m%yakla úh' md¾,sfïka;=fõ wdik j,ska ;=fkka folla lsisu mlaihlg.kakg neye lshk woyil=;a ta ld,fha ;snqks' ta ksid tjlg ;snqkq iu.s fmruqkq wdkavqj md¾,sfïka;= uka;%sjrekag fjku / iaù jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla f,i l%shd lrkakg ckhdf.ka ckjrula b,a,d isáfha h' md¾,sfïka;= wdik j,ska ;=fkka folla,enqkq kuq;a rfü iuia; Pkaoh.;fyd;a ishhg mkyg wvqjhs ;snqfka' ta ;=fkka fol mdúéñ l<d jhjia:dj fjkia lrkafka ke;sj jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla fjku msysgqjkakg' ixfla;j;ajk f,i m<fjks iy wjika /iaùu kj rõyf,a meje;aù h' 72 jhjia:dj ye u i yd jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hg,xldfj ish u mlai iynd.sùu b;du jeo.;a h' W;=re kef.kysr fou< ck;dj ksfhdackh l< tjlg ;snqkq f*vr,a mlaih kj jhjia:djla yokakg we;a; jyfhkau jdä úh' kuq;a Tjqkaf.a wns,dihka bgqjk njg ;nd ta lsügqjgj;a tkakg fkdyels nj f;areï.sh miq /iaùï j,g iynd.súu Tjqyq keje;ajq y' 72 os úfyaifhkau fou< ck;djf.a iynd.s;ajfhka f;drjq fyhska tu jhjia:dfõ iqcd; Ndjh ms<sn m%yakh nrm; f,i u;=ú h' Wmßu tlõ;djla 78 wdkavql%u jhjia:djg o isÿjqfha ta wdldrfhau weneoaèhls' fou< ck;djf.a m%yak ;sfhk nj ms<s.ksñka tajd o idlépd lsíug jgfïi idlépdjla le jk njg ta ue;sjrkfha tlai;a cd;sl mlaih fmdfrdkaÿ jq kuq;a tfia fkdlr ;ukag,enqkq 5$6 n,h mdúéñlr ;ukag wjyh jhjia:dj yeÿfõ h' ta wdldrhg 1972 iy 1978 hk foflkau isÿjqfha" ;snqkq wdkavq ;ukg wjyh wdldrhg jhjia:djka yod.eksu h' fï j;dfõ tfia fkdúh hq;= h' ta ksid oeka woyia lrf.k isákjd fukau tlõ;djhlg meñk ;sfnkjd md¾,sfïka;= uka;%sjre ish ufokd jhjia:d flgqïm;a ukav,hla yeáhg lghq;= lrkakg' jhjia:dj iïu; lrk ukav,hla fkdj jhjia:djla flgqïm;a lrk" ;=fkka folla fkdj Bg;a jeäfhka Pkao,nd.kakg mq jka Wmßu tlõ;ajh ;sfnk flgqïm;la yod.eksughs thska uykais.kafka' tal ;uhs oekg ;sfnk fhdackdj' f;aíï ldrl indjl=;a m;alrkakg mq jk' kuq;a uf.a w;aoelsu wkqj th mdrodyh jkafka ke;' f;aíï ldrl indjlg m%isoaêfha / iaúug o neßlula ke;s kuq;a uf.a woyi fjkafka ieu uka;%sjrhdu iynd.sjk mßè wdkavql%u jhjia:d flgqïm;la lsífï ukav,la f,i / ia ù thska tk tlõ;ajh u; yefok flgqïm; leìkü ukav,h iy;sl lr" md¾,sfï;=fõ 2$3la iy cku; úpdrkhlska wkqu; lr.eksu h' oekg jhjia:dfõ ;sfnk ixfydaok l%shdj,sfhka neyer fkdù lghq;= lsíug o wjyh h' uu ys;kafka yeu Pkaohlska miqju yeu jhjia:djla u jhjia:d iïmdol ukav, yod" ;sfnk wdkavql%u jhjia:djg mgyeksj lghq;= lsíu m%cdka;%jdofha fi!lhg hym;a ke;' úfyaifhka u 17fjks tlai;a cd;sl fmruqk fhdackd lr isáfha md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla f,i /iaúh hq;= nj h' tlai;a cd;sl mlaih yd Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaih w;r we;slr.;a wjfndao;d.súiqfï o md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:d iïmdol indjla f,i /iajk nj i yka fõ' ixfydaok talu;slj iïu; ùfukau fmfkkjd W;aidyhla oerefjd;a jhjia:d ixfydaokh tlõ;ajfhka lrkakg mq jka nj' ta ksid wms wo jhjia:dfjka' neyerj f.dia 70È jf.a Bg mgyeksj jhjia:djla yokakg.sfhd;a ks;suh m%yak o u;=úh yel' Bg wu;rj mqoa.,slj ud ys;kafka

12 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ uyck idlais úuisug fldñika indjla m;alsíu hym;a nj h' rfü ms<s.;a wh thg m;alr md¾,sfïka;= l%shdj,shg iu.dó j kj jhj:dj ms<sn ;ukaf.a woyia bèßm;a lsíug ck;djg wjia:dj,ndèh hq;= h',så;j fukau jdñlj o ta idlais tlal< yel' ck;dj bèßm;alrk jeo.;a woyia wr ld,fha wdkavqj iqÿ fk ï" ;j,u jeks fkdfhl=;a jev igyka l%shd;aul lf<a h' nqoaêu;=ka" udohfõ ka" ks;s{hska jd;a;sh iñ;s kdhlhska yd l,dlrejka hk ish,a,u jhdmdrhla f,i tlaù" fïl ñksiqkag f;areï lr fokakg wjyh h' fï i yd ;ukag wjyh myiqlï wdkavqfjka b,a,d isáh hq;=h' tajdf.a ud¾. lsysmhl lghq;= lsíu wjyhh njhs ud ys;kafka' wdkavql%u jhjia:d flgqïm;a ukav,hg fhduqlsíug mq jk' jhjia:d lghq;= ms<sn j WmfoaYl ukav,hla msysgqjd ta whf.a fiajh o,nd.eksu jeo.;a h' jhjia:djg we;=<;a jk jeo.;a fjkialï ck;dj w;rg f.khkakg ld,fha wdkavqj iqÿ fk ï" ;j,u jeks fkdfhl=;a jev igyka l%shd;aul lf<a h' nqoaêu;=ka" udohfõ ka" ks;s{hska jd;a;sh iñ;s kdhlhska yd l,dlrejka hk ish,a,u jhdmdrhla f,i tlaù" fïl ñksiqkag f;areï lr fokakg wjyh h' fï i yd ;ukag wjyh myiqlï wdkavqfjka b,a,d isáh hq;=h' tajdf.a ud¾. lsysmhl lghq;= lsíu wjyh njhs ud ys;kafka' t;fldg ;uhs wdkavql%u jhjia:jlg iqcd; Ndjh,nd.kakg yels fjkafka' fuys ld,h ms<sn m%yakhla o ;sfí' kejg jvd ld,h fkd.; hq;= h' fïl lvdlmam,a lrkakg wh o isá;s' úfyaifhka ckjdß 8 iy wf.daia;= 17 mrdchg m;a jq fldgia tfia W;aidy lrkakg bv ;sfí' B <Õg cd;sjd fldgia ueèy;a ù wka;jdoh weúiaisug ;sfnk bv o wyqrd oeñh hq;= h' uu ys;kafka wo wjyh jkafka" rfü jik ieu cd;shlg fukau ckfldgia j,g ms<s.kakg mq jka" tl ck fldgila u; mgjkafka ke;s jhjia:djla wmsg wjyh h' ta ksid isxy, ck;dj mukla fkdj fou< ck;dj;a" uqia,sï ck;dj;a" l qrg fou< ck;dj;a w ;a jhjia:djg iydh oelaùu b;du jeo.;a f,ihs ud ys;kafka' tal wudre ld¾hhla f,i ud i<lkafka ke;' kuq;a lvdlmam,a ldíkaf.a l%shd.ek wms wjèfhka isáh hq;= h' fuys mrdchg m;a jq n,fõ. wvqfjka ;lafiare fkdl< hq;= h' jhjia:d fjkilg wo uyõ= wjia:djla,eì ;sfí' m%odk mlai fol bkafka w ;a jhjia:djla fjkqfjks' mlai fol w;r wjfndao;d.súiqula o ;sfí' ue;sjrkhg Èk lsysmhlg fmr ue;sjrk ksßlailhska yuq jq wjia:dfõ úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh iïmq¾kfhka wfydaislrk nj ckdêm;s lshd isáfha h' jhjia:dj fjkia lrk nj tlai;a cd;sl mlaih oekgu ue;sjrk m%ldykfha i ykalr we;' cd;sl m%yakh ms<sn ckdêm;sjrhdg fyd oelaula o ;sfí' ckjdß 8 iy wf.daia;= 17 mrdchg m;a jq fldgia tfia W;aidy lrkakg bv ;sfí' B <Õg cd;sjdè fldgia ueèy;a ù wka;jdoh weúiaisug ;sfnk bv o wyqrd oeñh hq;= h' uu ys;kafka wo wjyh jkafka" rfü jik ieu cd;shlg fukau ckfldgia j,g ms<s.kakg mq jka" tl ck fldgila u; mgjkafka ke;s jhjia:djla wmsg wjyh h' Tyqg úúo ck fldgia w;r iyfhda.h o,enqks' tfyhska fuh iaj¾kuh wjia:djla f,i i<lkakg mq jk' l,a hk úg fjk;a ksfyaokd;aul idol u;=fõ' thg fmr fïl yels blaukska wjika l<hq;= h' uu ys;kafka fuh jirla we;=<; ksul< hq;= nj h' ²

13 11 jhjia:dj ;=<ska u wdkavq n,h isud l< hq;= h,snr,a jhjia:djl ;sìh hq;= wx.,laik iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh idlaid;a lr.eksfuys,d tjka jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.eksug.;hq;= l%shdud¾.h fï,smsfhka idlépd flf¾' tamilnation.co 2000 jif¾ ieliqkq wdkavql%u jhjia:d flgqïm; wdpd¾h w;=, ú;dkjiï úodhl ckdêm;s wdkavql%uh bj;alr kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.eksfï wjyh;dj iudch ;=<skau wo u;= ù ;sfnkjd' idlépdjg m%fõyhla f,i" wdkavql%u jhjia:djla Tn ks¾jpkh lrkafka fldfydu o@ jhjia:dj f,i wm f;areï.kafka rdchfha wêldß n,fha uq,sl" ke;skï wjidk uq,dy%h hs' fjk;a wdldrhg lshkafka kï rdchhg n,h tkafka fld;kska o hkak wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjka meyeè<s flfrkjd' ta ksidu wdkavq l%u jhjia:djla n, is;shula f,i foaymd,k úoh{fhda y kajkjd' talg fya;=j jkafka wdkavqjl n,h wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjka úia;r lr ;sîu hs' wdkavqjl wdh;k moao;sh ielish hq;af;a flfia o hkak tys oelafjk w;r ta hgf;a jhjia:dodhl" úodhl yd wêlrk hk wdh;hkag mejfrk

14 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ ld¾hhka fudkjdo hkak o tys i yka fjkjd' fï wdh;k w;r iïnkao;djh fukau ck;dj yd fï wdh;k w;r we;s iïnkao;djh l=ula o hkak meyeè<s flfrkafka o jhjia:dj u.ska' ta ksid rgl wdkavq wdh;k ú.%y lsífï wdkavql%u jhjia:dj uq,sl jyfhkau jeo.;a' B <Õg",snr,a m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;yjqre lr.eksfï WmlrKhla jyfhka o wdkavql%u jhjia:djla l%shd;aul fjkjd',snr,a m%cd;ka;%jdè md,k l%uhla idlaid;a lr.kakg" wdkavql%u jhjia:djla fldhs wdldrhg Wmldr jkafka o hkak mßlaid lsífï hs jhjia:dkql+,jdoh hk ixl,amh iïnkaojkafka' jhjia:dkql+,jdoh hkafkka woyia jkafka l=ula o@ jhjia:dkql+,jdoh,snr,a m%cd;ka;%jdohg w;hjyh u wx.hla' jhjia:dj u.ska ks¾kh lrk úêúodk Tiafia isñ; wdkavqjla" isñ; n,h iys;j l%shdjg kexùu jhjia:dkql+,jdoh hkafkka woyia lrkafka' m%cd;ka;%jdohg wjyhjkafka isñ; n,h iys; isñ; wdkavqjla' ulaksid o lshkjd kï ieu wdkavqjla u n,h w;ska b;du n,j;a hkak kq;kfha ms<s.eksu' fï n,.;= wdkavq ;=<ska mqoa., ksoyi yd mqoa., whs;sjdislï isudùug we;s bvlv úyd, hs' fï ksid mqoa., ksoyi yd whs;sjdislï me;af;ka neæl< mqoa.,hdg jvd;a fyd iqrlais; Ndjhla,nd uhs jhjia:dkql+,jdofhka flfrkafka' fï ixl,amh uq,skau ;¾ldkql+,j f.kyer oelajqfõ fcdaka f,dla lshk foaymd,k Ñka;lhd' pd¾,aia fukafgialhq mejiqfõ rdchhg ;sfnk n,h tfyu msákau wdkavqjg fkd meñksh hq;= nj hs' md,lhska w;g m;afjk n,h wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjka isudúh hq;= w;r n,h fnod oelaúh hq;= nj o Tyq ;Èka úyajdi l<d' ck;djf.a whs;sjdislï jhjia:dj u.ska ;yjqre lsíu wksla jeo.;a ldrkh hs' jhjia:dkql+,jdoh yqÿ khdhla fkdj Ndú;hg kexúh hq;= wx.hla f,i i<lkakg mq jka' miq ld,skj" úúo foaymd,k úohd{fhda úúo me;sj,ska fï ixl,amh j¾okh l<d' kq;k m%cd;ka;%jdoh ;=< ck;djf.a whs;sjdislï wdrlaidùu i yd fuh b;d w;hjyh ldrkhla f,i ms<s.kakjd' fï wkqj mqoa., ksoyi i yd jhjia:dj ;=<skau wdkavq n,h isudjlg,lalsíu jhjia:dkql+,jdoh hehs fláfhka ye kaùug mq jka' isñ; wdkavqjla lshkafka fudkjf.a wdkavqjlg o@ jhjia:djla u.ska wdkavq n,hg isud mekfjk wdkavqj isñ; wdkavqjla f,i ye kaúh yelshs' túg jhjia:dj W;a;Í;r jk w;r ta,shú,a, u.ska n,h isud lsíug úêúodk mkjkq,nkjd' ks;sfha wdêm;h jeo.;ajkafka fu;k hs' ks;sfha wdêm;hh jhjia:dkql+,jdoh iuõ idcq f,i iïnkao fjkjd' ks;sfha wdêm;hfhka lshefjkafka ks;sh ieuúgu W;a;Í;r hkak hs' mqoa.,hd fkdj rgl jeo.;a jkafka ks;sh nj fuhska lshefjkjd' ñksid u; fkdj túg úyajdih ;nkafka ks;sh u; hs' ta wkqj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj rfü W;a;Í;ru ks;sh fjkjd' túg md,s;hd jf.au md,lhd o" rdch fiajlhd fukau isú,a mqrjeishd o ks;shg hg;a j" ks;sfhka kshu lrk rduqj ;=< ;ukaf.a n,;, l%shd;aul lrkjd' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj mekk.skafka l=uk ;;a;ajhla hgf;a o@ jhjia:djla u.ska wdkavq n,hg isud mekfjk wdkavqj isñ; wdkavqjla f,i ye kaúh yelshs' túg jhjia:dj W;a;Í;r jk w;r ta,shú,a, u.ska n,h isud lsíu g úêúodk mkjkq,nkjd' ks;sfha wdêm;h jeo.;ajkafka fu;k hs' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla hehs mejiq úg th kj hq.hl wdrïnhla f,i ie,flkjd' tfia ke;akï th merks wjêh m%;slafiam lsíula f,i o ie<lsh yelshs' idudkhfhka f,dal b;sydih foi neæúg" jhjia:d fudk wdldrhg o yefokafka hkak foaymd,k úoh{hska ixikaokdlaulj meyeè<slr ;sfnkjd' ta wkqj jhjia:d iliaùu flfrys meyeè<sj y qkd.;yels miqìï ;=kla ;sfnkjd hehs lshkakg mq jka' thska tllaa jkafka iudc úma,jhla ;=<ska n,hg m;ajk msßi" tf;la mej;s n,h m%;slafiam lr wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.eksu' 1917 reishdkq úma,jh jeks isÿùï yryd n,hg m;ajk iudc n,fõ.hkaf.a Wjukdjkag wkql+,j idok,nk wdkavql%u jhjia:d WodyrKhg.; yelhs' ;j o yuqod l=uka;%k u.ska

15 13 mqoa.,hd fkdj rgl jeo.;a jkafka ks;sh nj fuhska lshefjkjd' ñksid u; fkdj túg úyajdih ;nkafka ks;sh u; hs' ta wkqj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj rfü W;a;Í;ru ks;sh fjkjd' túg md,s;hd jf.au md,lhd o" rdch fiajlhd fukau isú,a mqrjeishd o ks;shg hg;a j" ks;sfhka kshu lrk rduqj ;=< ;ukaf.a n,;, l%shd;aul lrkjd' n,hgm;a ù Tjqkaf.a Wjukdjg wkqj o kj jhjia:d iefok nj oelaùug mq jka' fojk l%uh jkafka hqoaohlska mrdchgm;a jq rgla w ;a jhjia:djla yok wjia:dj h' thska flfrkafka o kj foaymd,k l%uhla f.dvke.su i yd kj jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.eksu hs' WodyrKhla f,i cmdkh fojk f,dal hqoaohg miq ks¾udkh l< jhjia:dj WodyrKhg.;yelshs' hg;a úð;hla f,i isg" ksoyi Èkd.ekSfuka wk;=rej fndfydaúg wdkavql%u jhjia:d ks¾udkh lr.kakjd' úfyaifhkau Kkaj, wdishd;sl yd wm%sldkq rgj, kj.ukla weröu i yd kj jhjia:d ks¾udkh lsíu WodyrKhg.; yelshs' wmf.a m<uqjk ckrc jhjia:dj o tu /,af,a jhjia:djla f,i y kajkakg mq jka' úma,jhla isÿ fkdjqjdg Tjqka th yeèkajqfha m%cd;ka;%jd úma,jfhau jhjia:djla f,ig hs' thska o lshejqfka merks l%uh m%;slafiam lrk nj ls' kuq;a wm úiskau ks¾udkh flrekq ckrc jhjia:d folu wid¾:l jhjia:d yeáhghg fkao b;sydi.; fïl jeo.;a m%yakhla' wms okakjd yeg.kka w.jk úg fida,anß jhjia:djg m%n, fpdaokd folla wdjd' tlla ;uhs fida,anß jhjia:dfjka f.dvke.=kq ffk;sl l%uh ì%;dkhh ffk;sl l%uh iu. w;aje,a ne.;a tlla h lshk fpdaokdj' wd¾ól l%uh;a" ì%;dkhh wd¾ól l%uh iu. noao jq" úfyaifhkau ksoyia fj< fmd, m%uql jq wd¾ól l%uhla lshk fpdaokdj fojekak h' 78 fmrg meñksfhaa;a fï wd¾ól ldrkhhs' n,hg m;ajk mlai" wd¾ólh.ek l:d lr jhjia:djg hï hï me,eia;r w,kjd' tfy;a rgg wjyh jkafka l=uk wd¾ól l%uhla o hkak ms<sn j fï jk;=re mq,a ú.%yhla flí ke;' ;uka olsk wd¾:sl l%uh jhjia:dj ;=<ska f.fkkakg fê' wd¾' chj¾ok uy;do W;aidy lf<a h' kuq;a bèßfha yok jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka.;al< wd¾ól m%;sm;a;sh.ek ;ju;a mq,a idlépdjla flí ke' jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lsífï wd¾ól o¾ykhg wod< tl;= lsíu b;du jeo.;a' yß fyda jerè fyda 1787jf.a ld,hl wefußldkqjka Bg jvd mq,a wdldrhg tod Th wd¾ól ldrkh.ek l,amkd l<d' jhjia:djg wd¾ól odiaàhla wmsg o ta jdf.au wjyh hs' tal wd¾ólh fufyhjk wh ;=<skau fkdj fmdÿ ck;dj ;=<ska o meñksh hq;= tlla' ta jeks lrekq jhjia:d iïmdokfhka.s,sys we;' wms uq,sl jyfhkau ;ju;a i,ld n,kafka mj;sk jhjia:dj m%;slafiam lr kj jhjia:djla f.k tau muks' rgg.e,fmk foaymd,k l%uh fudlo o@ rfü ckjd¾.sl m%yakh úi kafka fldfydu o@ rgg wjyh wd¾ól l%uh l=uk wdldrfha tlla úhhq;= o@ hk odiaà fldakfhka ne,sfï mqreoaola wmsg ke' iudcfha l=< l%uh jeks jevjiï wx.,laik iy iudc wiykhka ;sfnkjd' ;rekhka ms<s j o m%yak we;s nj isyshg kõd.eksu jeo.;a' iudc widodrkhka iuõ ne we;s fï m%yak wduka;%kh l< yels ffk;sl l%uhla wmsg wjyhh hs' bkaèhdj fuys wdo¾yhg.kakg mq jka' wdishdfõ úyd, ixiald;sl fl!;=ld.drh f,i" yels ;rï ish u ckhdf.a wns,dyhka wduka;%kh l< yels wdldrhg Tjqka ;ukaf.a jhjia:dj yod.;a;d' 72 jhjia:dj ì%;dkhhg tfrys jqjla f,i fmkajkakg Wjukdjla ;snq kuq;a th wfma rgg lsisfia;au.e,fmk jhjia:djla jqfka ke' fida,afnrs jhjia:dfjka tla;rd wdldrhlg,xldj nyqjd¾.sl iudchla nj flareï.;a;d' ta wkqj neæ l, 72 iy 78 jhjia:d wdmiaig.sh jhjia:d nj meyeè<sj y kd.; yelshs' uq,sl ks;sh fyj;a rfü wdkavql%u jhjia:dj" jvd;a m%yia; f,i ilialr.eksu i yd.;yels mshjrhka fudkjd o@ wdkavql%uhla iïmdokh lsífï m%yia; jhjia:djla jkakg kï jhjia:djla yokafka ljq o@ flfia o@ lshk ldrkd jeo.;a' taflka ;uhs jhjia:djg moku jefgkafka' iuyr

16 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ rgj,a jhjia:d ks¾udkh lrk úg m%n+ka úiska th ks¾udkh flfrk w;r iuyr rgj,a uyck iynd.s;ajfhka th ks¾udkh flfrkjd' m%n+ka yok jhjia:d" m%n+kag jdisjkakg yokjd ñil rfü fmdÿ ck;djf.a hym;g yokafka ke' hym;a wdkavq l%uhl ;sìh hq;= uq,sl foaj,a ta wh ys;du;du w; yßkakg mq jka' ta ksid jhjia:djla yokúg rfü ck;dj iïnkao úh hq;=hs',snr,a m%cd;aka;%jdoh ;=< wo ms<s. eksu jkafka jhjia:djla by< isg my,g fkdj" my< isg by<g hk jhjia:djla ;sìh hq;=h hkak hs' wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh l< hq;af;a my< mka;sj, fldgia o iïnkaolrf.k Tjqkaf.a woyia yd fhdackd,ndf.k njhs fuhska lshefjkafka' ta wkqj jhjia:d iïmdok l%shdj,sh wdrïn l< hq;af;a by<ska fkdj my<ska' fuys rfü úúo cd;skaf.a iy ck fldgiaj, fukau úúo ck lkavdhïj, o úfyai iynd.s;ajhla wjyhhs' uq,sl jyfhka wdkavql%u jhjia:djlg w;hjyh jk" uyck wns,dyhka we;=,a jkafka ta u.ska mukhs' ck;dj ls úg" wm jf.a rgj, ck;djg jhjia:d lghq;= iïnkaoj we;af;a w,am oekqula' ke;akï ta whg wjyh m%udkhg ta.ek oekqula ke' wksla w;g fï ld¾hh md,lfhda m%yia; f,i lrhs lshk tl úyajdi lrkakg ne' n, wr.,fha ksr; j isák fyhska foaymd,k mlai ta ld¾hh ksis f,i lrhs lsh,d úyajdi lrkakg o fkdyels hs' ta ksid foaymd,k n,fhka msgia;rj isák isú,a iy mqrjeis iudc ixúodkj,g fï.ek úyd, j.lsula mejfrkjd' rfü jhjia:dj m%yia; jhjia:djla njg m;alrkafka fldfyduo lshk tl.ek wo j.lsu mejß,d ;sfnkafka Tjqkag' isú,a iudc ixúodk mukhs wjidkfha b;sßfjkafka ck;djf.a hym; fjkqfjka lghq;= lrkak' ulaksido lshkjd kï n, wruqkq ke;af;a ta whg muk hs' ta wh rdch n,h yd mjq,a ixia:dj w;r isák fldgila' ta fldgi tl me;a;lska wjyh jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka md,lhskag lrekq bèßm;a l< hq;=hs' wksla me;af;ka ta i yd ck;dj fm<. eiaùu o Tjqkaf.a j.lsula' tfyu ;uhs fï rgg m%yia; jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.eksug yelsfjkafka' ta jf.au jhjia:djl wka;¾.;h o b;du jeo.;a' jhjia:dfõ fmrg wd hq;= foh jkafka jhjia:dkql+,jdohhs' wdkavql%u jhjia:d ;sfnkakg mq jka kuq;a ta yeu jhjia:dju jhjia:dkql+,jdoh wruqkq lr.;a" thg lemjq wdkavql%u jhjia:d fkdfõ' ta ksid m%yia; wdkavq l%u jhjia:djla ùug fï ldrkd folu b;d jeo.;a' jvd;a id¾:l l=uk l%uh o hkak ;SrKh lsífï ckiynd.s;ajfhka ks¾udkh l< jhjia:d id¾:l ù we;s nj b;d meyeè<s hs' 1950 bkaèhdj iy 1995 ol=kq wms%ldj ks¾udkh l< jhjia:d ue; ld,sk WodyrK f,i.;yelshs' mq,a ck;d iynd.s;ajh we;sj ilia l< tu jhjia:d folu rgg kj wdrïnhla ug ks¾udkh l< jhjia:d f,ihs ie<flkafka' úfyaifhkau tu jhjia:d ixjrk yd ;=,k uq,o¾u we;=<;a" jhjia:dkql+,jdohg wkqj ilia l< jhjia:d f,i y kd.; yelshs' mj;sk jhjia:dfõ ckdêm;s i;= wisñ; n,h wvqlr.eksug 19 jk jhjia:d ixfydaokh bjy,a jqkd' th fida,anß jhi:dfjka tla;rd wdldrhlg,xldj nyqjd¾.sl iudchla nj f;areï.;a;d' ta wkqj neæ l< 72 iy 78 jhjia:d wdmiaig.sh jhjia:d nj meyeè<sj y kd.; yelshs' kj jhjia:djla ilialr.eksfï w;r ueè mshjrla f,i ie<lsh yelshs fka o@ ienúka u kj jhjia:djlg hefï uq,a mshjr f,i 19 fjks jhjia:d ixfydaokh ie<lsh yelshs' oeka ;j ÿrg;a ixfydaok fkdfjhs l< hq;af;a' 19 fjks ixfydaokfha úê úodkfha fldñika ind o we;=<;ajk wdldrhg kj jhjia:djg hd hq;= hs' oeka wmsg úyd, ld, mßéfþohla ;sfnkjd' miq. sh ue;sjrkfhka uyck;dj jir mylg n,h we;' wdkavqjg úyd, n,hla fkdue;s jqj;a oeka ta n,h cd;sl wdkavqjla lshk kdufhka ilia lrf.k ;sfnkjd' fï wdkavqj oeka fu;kska tydg hd hq;= 19 fjks ixfydaokh wms wfmalaid l< ixfydaokh fkdfõ hs' 19 fjks ixfydaokfhka ck;djf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j iïmq¾k lr.kakg yels jqfha ke' ckdêm;sjrkfha ck;dj bèßfha ;enq foa fkdj wjidkfha jhjia:d flgqïm;g we;= ù ixfydaokhla f,i t<shg wdfõ' tod

17 15 isú,a iy mqrjeis iudc ixúodkj,g fï.ek úyd, j.lsula mejfrkjd' rfü jhjia:dj m%yia; jhjia:djla njg m;alrkafka fldfyduo lshk tl.ek wo j.lsu mejß,d ;sfnkafka Tjqkag' isú,a iudc ixúodk mukhs wjidkfha b;sßfjkafka ck;djf.a hym; fjkqfjka lghq;= lrkak' ulaksido lshkjd kï n, wruqkq ke;af;a ta whg muk hs' talg we;sjq ndol wo ke' ulaksid o h;a tla wfhla fokafkla yerekq úg tu ndol we;sl< wh wo wdkavqfõ isákafka' ta wh w ;a l%uhg ielfiñka hk njla fmfkkjd' oeka thd,d n,fha bkak ksidfjka foda ta wh tod foaj,a.ek ika;dmhg m;a jk njla o fmfkkakg ;sfnkjd' ta ksid fï wjia:dj fyd wjia:djla f,i i<lkakg mq jka' oeka l<hq;= foa ;uhs 19fhka bèßhg heu' 19 wmsg i¾j iïmq¾khs lshd ys;kakg o fkdyelshs' uq,sl whs;sjdislï iïnkao kvqj, hï isudjlg yiqlr we;;a ;ju;a ckdêm;sjrhd isákafka uqla;sh we;sjhs' fï wkqj 19 ixfydaofhkq;a wmsg neßjqkd hïlsis wähla ;shkakg jhjia:dkql+,jdohg' jhjia:dkql+,jdoh idlaid;a lsíug wjyh fohla jkafka fka ks;sfha wdêm;hh' ks;sfha rduqj ;=< md,lhd bkakg wjyhhs lshk tlhs thska lshkafka' fï md,lhd ljqre jqj;a Tyq ;ju;a isákafka ks;sfhka msg' kj jhjia:dfjka Tyq o ks;sh we;=<g.;hq;=hs' md,lhd ks;sh hg;g.eksu tla mqoa.,fhl=.eksu mukla fkdfõ' ckdêm;sjrhd ks;sfhka ksoyia hehs lshkafka Tyq jgd bkak ie<lshhq;= msßilao ksoyia hkak h' ta wkqj ysgmq ;ekska f.dv wdj kuq;a 19ka wmsg i;=gq úh fkdyelshs' kj wdkavq l%u jhjia:dj iïmdokh lr.eksfï fï wvq mdvqj uld.;hq;=hs' jir folla ;=< kj jhjia:djla yok njg oeka l:djla ;sfí' úúo;ajhka we;=<;a lrf.k bkaèhdfõ jhjia:dj ilia lsíug wïfnâld¾g wjyh jqfha jir foll muk ld,hla' ta wdldrhg jhjia:d iïmdokhg wm o ld, ruqjla yod.; hq;= hs' wms yok jhjia:dj ish ck fldgiaj, iyfhda.h iy Woõ we;sj" iudch oekqj;a Ndjhla iys;j tlla fjkakg fka' 19 iïu; lr.kak úg ;snqkq udkisl;ajh ñi 19 iïu; lr.eksfuka miq ;sfnk udkisl;ajh ;=< isg fkdj fuhg m%fõy úh hq;af;a' tfia lshkafka 19 iïu; ùug fmr b;d fyd by< udkisl;ajhla ;snqkd' uq, u ;snqkd ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lr leìkü l%uhlg hdhql= nj' 19 ixfydaokfhka miq wo ;sfnk ;ekska wdrïn l<hq;= njg oeka is;kakg fyd ke' wfma rfü isú,a iy mqrjeis iudc ixúodkj,g msxisÿ jkakg we;a;gu ck;dj bkafka bèßfhka' wms úyajdih ;shkafka md,lhska u; fkdfõ' fu;kska tydg hefï m%cd;ka;%jdoh jhjia:dj ;=<skau mq,a lr.; hq;=hs' m%xyfha yd ;=¾lsfha jhjia:dj, iuyr j.ka;s lsis f,ilskaj;a fjkia l< fkdyelshs' iuqywdkavq ixl,amhg ydkslr" th m%;slafiam lrk wdldrfha ixfydaok fudk úèhgj;a ta rgj, f.fkkakg ne' wmsg;a tfyu foaj,g hkakg mq jka' idlépd l< foag wu;rj kj jhjia:dfjka wduka;%kh l<hq;= fjk;a m%yak fudkjd o@ miq.sh ld,h mqrd cku;h jhjia:d odhlh ;=< ksfhdackh jqfha úld;s f,ih' Th fndakia wdik l%ufhka wdik 22la kslïu tkjd n,j;a mlai folg' m%cd;ka;%jdoh mq,a jk wdldrhg ±kg idlépd jk ñy% l%uh wdkavq l%u jhjia:dfjkau iy;sl lr.eksu jeo.;a' B <Õ ldrkh ;uhs ckjd¾. sl m%yakh' we;a;gu fï m%yakh úi\. eksug we;s fyd u wjia:djla fïl' oeka fï tlai;a cd;sl mlaifha wh jf.au Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha wh;a wdkavqfõ isákafka' uqia,sï mlai o isákafka wdkavqj ;=< h' fou< ikaodkh úmlaifha isákafka o úmlaifha m%n, ;ekl' tneúka fudjqka w;r oeka fmr fkd;snqkq ióm njla ;sfnkjd' úmlaifha isá wh fmr f.fkk fhdackdj,g úreoao;ajh oelajqjd' wdkavqj ;=< isák wh wo n,h fnod yßk ;ekg f.fkkakg myiq hs' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqk jqj;a wka;jdè ;eklg hhs lshd wms is;sh hq;= ke' talsh fyda l=uk kulska i yka l<;a" n,h fnod yeíula úh hq;= hs' fou< ck;dj

18 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ uqp,skao jyskfldg tl È.g pqre pqre..d ks;ru ug u;la fjkafk u kquj" f;ñ f;ó kqu ork,df.k jeys Èhg uvjqkq ìu u; w ; nqÿ jq nqÿkag kqu,nd ÿka WKqiqu æ mgka.kakd úg u mkaid,sia jila Èj hk uyd lrekd nqÿ isß; f;uqkd kñ tl È.g f,v fjkak ;snqkd nqÿ yduqÿrefjd fydog u we;a;g u mud fjkak;a ;snqkd bism;fk ñ.odhg jäk.uk o ú;rla fkfjhs udrhg lságqjg tkak;a ;snqkd wiqjla wjqreÿ msfrkak;a biair h<s fmr<d n,ñ nqÿ isß; yuq fkdfjhs Tn thska blaì;s fjk lsis u ;ekl lsis ojil fê;jk fjs jk wdrdu ysñ jq kuq;a Tn tod uy jeiaig fkdf;ud WKqiqu,nd ÿka nqÿka g fidhd hkake;=j we;s kqu ta wdrduj, iqj myiq ldur lsis ojil nqÿka mduq, idÿ lshkd uqúka u Tn mduq, o idÿ ko foñ yoaod jeysjefgk iuhg jika; m%shxlr ksjqkaye,a, we;= iuia: ck;djg ;uka fï rfü mqrjeishka hk yeõsu Èhhq;=j ;sfnkjd' ldg;a iudk bv m%ia:d,eìh hq;= hs' talg iqÿiq rduqjla ilia lr.eksu wjyhhs' wd¾ól m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn m%yakh o wdkavq l%u jhjia:dfõ jeo.;a' wmsg fudk wd¾ól m%;sm;a;sh o.e,fmkafka hkak is;kakg fjkjd' újd; wd¾ól m%;sm;a;sh bèßhg f.kshkjd o@ tfia kï wfma rgg th.,md.; hq;af;a flfia o hkak ms<sn m%;sm;a;shla wmsg ;sìh hq;=hs' my< ck fldgiaj,g idodrk f,i Okh fn hk ;ekg iy;slhla rfü wdkavq l%u jhjia:dfjkau,efnkakg fka' wdkavq fjkiafjk úg jhjia:d fjkiafjk úèhg" ke;skï jhjia:djla ie miq ta jhjia:djg tla msßila mlai jk úg wksla msßi úmlaijk wdldrhg fkdj mqrjeishka mqcksh f,alkhla foi n,k wdldrhghs th ilia úh hq;af;a' th ieèh hq;af;a md,lhskaf.a n,h Yla;su;a jk wdldrhg fkdj mqrjeishdf.a n,h Yla;su;a lrk wdldrhg h' wefußldkq jhjia:dfõ 27 jhjia:d ixfydaokfha ;sfnkjd ta uka;%sjrekag jrm%ido jeä lr.; yels kuq;a Tjqkaf.a jegqma we;= jrm%ido iïnkao mk;la n,mj;ajkafka ta whg fkdj B<Õ jdrfha m;ajk whg nj' th jhjia:djlg b;du jeo.;a' ta ld,fha jhjia:dj,g we;=<;a jqfha isú,a iy uq,sl whs;sjdislislï mukhs' kuq;a Bg miqj iudc yd wd¾ól whs;sjdislï" fiajd kshqla;sh" wdydrj,g we;s whs;sh" ksjdij,g we;s whs;sh yd fi!lhg ;sfnk whs;sh wdkavqfõ j.lsula iy ck;djg we;s whs;shls' fïjd wdkavq l%u jhjia:djgu we;=<;a flf¾' 1917 uelaislka jhjia:dfõ ;uhs m%:u jrg isú,a iy foaymd,k whss;sjdislï j,ska Tíng f.dia iudc wd¾:sl whs;sjdislï o wdkavql%u jhjia:djg we;=<;a lf<a' miqj fldñhqksiaü rgj,a ;=kajk mrïmrdfõ whs;skq;a jhjia:djg we;=<;a l<d' tkï hym;a mßirhla" <ud whs;sjdislï hkdèh o wdkavql%u jhjia:djg we;=<;a lrf.k ;sfí' ldka;d whs;ska j,g wu;rj iuyr rgj, iu,sx. sl újdy hkdèhg we;s whs;sh o oeka jhjia:dj,g we;=<;alr we;' f,dalfha ta wldrhg wdkavql%uh ;=< uq,sl whs;sjdislï mq,a lrf.k ;sfí' wms ;ju;a bkafka isúú,a iy foaymd,k whs;sjdislï mukla we;=<;a lr.;a jhjia:djla ;=<' tal;a yßhg ke;' ;ju;a 78 jhjia:dfõ Ôj;aùfï whs;sh meyeè<sj" ksrjq,aj i yka j ke' wksla tl we;=<;a foa mjd tajd iy;sl jk hdka;%k rfü ke;s tl wksla.eg jhs' f,dalh whs;sjdislï j,ska bèßhg.sh;a wms ;ju bkafka b;d miq miska' fï hq.h i<lkafka jhjia:duh hq.hla f,ighs' thg iß,k wdldrhg wmf.a jhjia:dj yod.; hq;=hs' yok jhjia:dj m%yia; jkakg kï yokjd mukla fkdj th wdrlaid lsífï úêúodk o ;sìh hq;= hs' ulaksido h;a bèßfha ;j msßilf.a wjyh;djhka fjkqfjka th fjkiaúh yelshs' tys foaymd,k{hskag f.aï.eisug bv fkd;sìh hq;= hs' ixjdoh uyskao r;akdhl

19 17 jhjia:d m%;sixialrkfha Wmdh ud¾.sl m%fõyhka uydpd¾h kjr;ak nkavdr n, wr.,h b;d ;shqkq jk fyhska cd;sl jyfhka jeo.;a m%yak fjkafldg" th foaymd,k n, wr.,hg iïnkaolr fkdf.k lghq;= lsíug ta whf.a iqodkula ke;' n, wr.,h fï wdldrhg u fhdað; jhjia:d m%;sixialrkg o th tlfia wod< h' foaymd,k mlai" n,h wruqkq fldg mj;skakls' tajdg jeo.;a jkafka n,h w,a,d.eksu" n,h yeisrùu yd n,h mj;ajd.eksu h' cd;sl jeo.;alu iy thg wod, m%;sm;a;s wkqj mlai kdhlhska lghq;= lrkafka l,d;=rlsks' n, wr.,h b;d ;shqkq jk fyhska cd;sl jyfhka jeo.;a m%yak fjkafldg" th foaymd,k n, wr.,hg iïnkaolr fkdf.k lghq;= lsíug ta whf.a iqodkula ke;' n, wr.,h fï wdldrhg u fhdað; jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhg o th tlfia wod< h' m%isoaêfha l:dlr uyckhdf.a yeõsï weúiafik yd ta wdldrhg l:d fkdl< hq;= foaj,a ;sfí' tjeks foaj,a mlai tl;= ù jgfïi idlépd ;=<ska úi\.; hq;= h' 56 ue;sjrkhg fmr" 1955 mej;s wka;su md¾,sfïka;=fõ wjidkhg ;snq újdofha tia' ví' wd¾' ã' nkavdrkdhl uy;d NdId m%yakh t<sfha l;d fkdl< hq;= nj mejiqfõ h' NdId m%yakhg ck;dj b;d ixfõ nj mjiñka" m%isoaêfha fï.ek l:dlr u;fnao we;s jqjfyd;a" th úi\.eksug fkdyelsjk nj o Tyq wjodrkh lf<a h' tu ksid Tyq fhdackd lf<a jgfïi idlépdjls' ta jk úg YS%,xld ksoyia mlaih isáfha NdId folla hk ia:djrfha h' kuq;a n,h w,a,d.eksu i yd Tyq thg msgq md miqj lghq;= l< nj wms oksuq' n,wr.,h" jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhg o ta wdldrhg u Y%S,xld md¾,sfïka;=j - 19 jeks wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokh ms<sn újdoh

20 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ ndodlrk nj l,amkdjg.;hq;= h' jhjia:djla yokjdh hkafkka woyia jkafka ;sfnk jhjia:dfõ fjkils' mj;sk jhjia:d rduqj iuõ n,h w,a,d.;a wh th fjkia fjkjdg leu;s jkafka ke;' ta ksid wksjd¾hfhka u ta wh iuõ jk wr.,hla wo ;sfí' 19 fjks jhjia:d ixfydaokfha fï wleue;a; ukd f,i m%lg úh' ;ukag ;sfnk n,fha fjkila we;sùug we;s wleue;a;hs t;k m%o¾ykh jqfha' Pkao l%uh fjkia lsíug hefï o th tfiau úh' n,h w;a yßkakg we;s wleue;a; jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhg ndodjlaùu úi\.;hq;= m%yakhls' cd;sl wdkavq ixl,amh cd;sl wdkavq ixl,am" ue;sjrkhg fmr f.kdfõ fï m%yakh u.yer hefï wruqk we;sj h' udf.a l,amkdjg wkqj cd;sl wdkavqj hk fï m%odk mlai fol yd l=vd mlai lsysmh mukla fkdj" ue;sjrkhlska miq wdkavqfõ jdä fkdjk wh o fï iïuq;shg.kafka flfiao hkak ie,ls,a,g.;hq;= h' fïlg wdkavqfõ jdäùugu wjyh ke;' wr Èk 100fha wdkavqfõ cd;sl indj hkqfjka tlla ;snqks' tys à'tka'ta' tl o ksfhdackh úh' ish u fokd ta wdldrfha mq,a iïuq;shg f.k tau jeo.;a h' ta mlai jgd úoaj;ayq jdä ù úi h hq;= foaj,a o ;sfí' túg ish fokdgu fï m%yakh foi fmdÿfõ n,kakg fm<uùula we;sfõ' cd;hka;r ;;a;ajhka iy wo ;sfnk ;;a;ajh o ie<ls,a,g.eksu wjyhh h' 78 jhjia:dj ilialr fï jk úg jir 40lg wdikak h' tod ;sfnk fldkafoais j,g wkqjhs ta jhjia:d rduqj iliaù ;sfnkafka' jhjia:d fjkila b,a,k úg wo ;sfnk fldkafoais yd 19 fjks jhjia:d ixfydaokfha fï wleue;a; ukdf,i m%lg úh' ;ukag ;sfnk n,fha fjkila we;sùug we;s wleue;a;hs t;k m%o¾ykh jqfha' Pkao l%uh fjkia lsíug hefï o th tfiau úh' n,h w;a yßkakg we;s wleue;a; jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhg ndodjlaùu úi\.;hq;= m%yakhls' ;sfnk m%yak ie<ls,a,g.;hq;=fõ' tod fê' wd¾ chj¾okg Wjukd jqfha m%cd;ka;%jdoh miaig" ixj¾okh fmrg hkak h' miqjg ;enq m%cd;ka;%jdoh wjidkfha wjikajkakg u.sfha h' tfia wjika jkakg.sh m%cd;ka;%jdoh uy;a wdhdihlska oeka /l.kakg yels ù ;sfí' cd;sl wdkavqjg fldaá.kkla uqo,a jehfjk nj mjid we;eï yq fï Èkj, le fudr fo;s' uyskao rdcmlai iy f.dgdnh rdcmlai hk fonehka bj;alr.eksug f.jd we;s ñ, iefykafka ke;' tfyhska f.jd we;s ñ, fuka fo.=khla f.jkakg isÿúh yel' wyuqjlska fyda uyskao rdcmlai ;j jrla ch.%ykh lf<a kï fï rfü m%cd;ka;%jdohg hk l,oidj l=ula o hkak wuq;=fjka lsjhq;= ke;' fï cd;sl wdkavqj o m%cd;ka;%jdoh i yd jk ta jevigyfka u fldgi ls' uyskao iuõ ke.sáuq lsjq wh wo weu;slï,ndf.k oeka ys,eù ;sfí' th u úyd, jevls' cd;sl wdkavqj hehs mjik fï wdkavqj foi Y=NjdÈj n,kakg ñksiqka ;ju iqodkï ke;' m%odk mlai fol tl;= lr.;a kuq;a fkdys;mq ñksiqka cd;sl wdkavqfõ weu;s ukav,hg meñk ;sfí' t;fkda,a" l=vq hkd fpdaokdjkag,lajq whu kej;;a m;alrf.k we;' flfia kuq;a fu;kska bèßhg heu i yd fï ñ, wmg ord. kakg isÿfõ' B <Õ m%yakh jkafka fï wh ;=<ska wm woyia lrk fï.=kd;aul jev igyk t<shg.kakg yels jkafka o hkak h' tfia.kakg mq jka hehs is;kafka kï yels ;rï blaukg th l<hq;= h' ulaksid o h;a fï msßi by; i yka mrud¾:h fjkqfjka fjkiajqjd o hkak wm okafka ke;' kdhlhska by<u uügfuka tla ù isákafka ù kuq;a iïuq;sldñ iú[a[dksl woyila my< uügfuka ke;' fuh úi\.;hq;= m%yakhls' my< isák wh ta foi n,kafka n,h iïnkao lrf.k h' ta ksid n,h fjkiajk úg me;a; m<df;a fkdisáh wh oeka ;k;=re.ksñka isá;s' tal n, udrefõ È isÿjk idudkh fohls' ;Sjqr;djfhka b;d by< reishdkq úma,jh iy m%xy úma,jfha È o isÿjqfha thu h' ta wh wr hym;a wruqkg lem jq wh fkdj fjk;a msßils' úodhl ldrl ind l%uh fvdkfuda¾ l%ufha mej;s úodhl ldrl ind fldhs;rï m%udkhlg m%fhdackj;afõ o hkak uu fkdoksñ' w.ue;sjrhd fhdackd lrkafka

21 19 uka;%sjrekaf.a ldrl ind úh yel' uka;%sjrekag fï ldrl ind yryd hï n,hla fokjd o hkak jeo.;a h' tfyu ke;akï kslïu indjla kï th t;rï m%fhdackj;a úh fkdyel' uka;%sjrekag f;dr;=re ke;sùu fvdkfud¾ úodhl ldrl ind wid¾:ùug tla fya;=jls' isÿfjñka mej;s mßj¾;kh.ek uka;%sjrekag jegysula fkd;snqks' wka;sug kdhlfhda ;uhs tajd md,kh lf<a ' lshk foa wyf.k isák msßila njg uka;%sjre wjidkfha m;aú h' ta wkqj úodhl ldrl ind jevla ke;s fohla njg tod m;aúh' fvdkfuda¾ ldrl ind l%uh ;=< f;dr;=re ke;sùu;a" th fidhd.eksug ud¾. ke;sùu;a fya;=fjka Tjqka lsisfohla fkdokakd nj uka;%sjreka mjid we;' weu;sjre lshk fudkjd yß hula widf.k isg th wkqu; l< njhs Tjqka lshkafka' Wla; ldrkd ksidfjka ldrl ind l%uh wjidkfha wid¾:l úh' kug ldrl ind we;s lsífuka m<la jkafka ke;' tfyhska fvdkfuda¾ ldrl ind l%ufha w;aoelsï bf.k.kafka kï th m%fhdackj;a h' flfia kuq;a fu;k úuoh.; wruqof,ka hï m%;smdokhla uka;%sjrekg,ndfok nj lshefõ' th úyd, uqo,a m%udkhls' th mokï lrf.k fï m%;sixialrkj,g iyfhda.h,ndfokq we;ehs is;kafka o@ úodhl ldrl ind yokafka kï ta uka;%sjrekag;a ta ldrl indj,g M,odhslj iynd.s jkakg mq jk' fïfla mrud¾:h jkafka m<,a iú[a[dkl;ajhla we;s lrkakg kï ta whg f;dr;=re wjyh h' ta whg Wmfoia iy f;dr;=re fidhd.kakg" oekqu fidhd.kakg myiqlï wjyh fõ' ta i yd myiqlï ie<ish hq;=h' tfia fvdkfuda¾ l%ufha mej;s úodhl ldrl ind fldhs;rï m%udkhlg m%fhdackj;afõ o hkak uu fkdoksñ' w.ue;sjrhd fhdackd lrkafka uka;%sjrekaf.a ldrl ind úh yel' uka;%sjrekag fï ldrl ind yryd hï n,hla fokjd o hkak jeo.;a h' tfyu ke;akï kslïu indjla kï th t;rï m%fhdackj;a úh fkdyel' ke;a;ï ks<odßka ;uhs ish,a, okafka' túg ks<odßka f.a T fjka uka;%sjrekaj md,kh flf¾' ta ksid fï ldrl ind m;alrkafka ldrl indj, idlépdlr ;SrK.kakg o hkak wm oek.; hq;= h' tfyu woyilska ldrl ind l%uh fhdackd lrkafka kï m%fhdackhla.;yel' tfia kï ish fokd iynd.sjk l%shdj,shla njg th m;afõ' fldf;la ÿrg th id¾:l jkafka o hkak ;SrKh jkafka ta wkqj h' md¾,sfïka;=jg n,h kj jhjia:djla ms<sn woyi miq.sh ue;sjrkfha b;du;a ;Èka u;=úh' úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a lrkq hkak tys uq,sl igka mdgh ls' ckdêm;s úodhl l%uh bj;alrkjd hkafkka woyia jkafka fï úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh mokï lr.;a rdch jhqyh iïmq¾kfhkau bj;alrkjd hkak yer fjk hula fkdfõ' tfia ke;skï wr uoh.; n,h ÿ¾j, ú úuoh.; l%uhlg heu h' úodhl ckdêm;s l%ufha wksla me;a; jkafka w.ue;s m%odk wud;h ukav,hla iys; wdkavq l%uhls' fjk;a wdldrhg mjikafka kï md¾,sfïka;= wdkavq l%uhlg heu h' wksla w;g fï ish,a, wmsg,enqfka ckdêm;s ksid hkqfjka is;kakg mqreÿ jq msßila o isá;s' miq.sh jdrfha wdkavqj ;=< isák iuyr fldgia mjd m%cd;ka;%jdè l%shdoduhg t<smsgu úreoao úh' w.ue;s we;= weu;s ukav,h m%uqljk njg uyckhd ;=< yeõsula we;slsíu jeo.;afõ' fuh h:d¾;hla jkafka iïuq;s noao wdkavqj m%fhda.slj md¾,sfïka;=jg nr;nd l%shd;aul jkafka kï muks' j;auka wdkavqj m%dfhda.slj tu ;;a;ajh we;slr fmkaúh hq;=j we;' th ckdêm;s iy w.ue;sg mejí we;s j.lsuls' w.ue;s we;= weu;s ukav,h ;ukag Ndr ;sfnk j.lsu id¾:l lr fmkakqjfyd;a ckdêm;s l%uh ke;sjqjdg lïke; hkqfjka úreoao u;odíkao is;kakg bv ;sfí' fujr leìkü l%uhg hkakg woyia lrkafka kï md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;=fkka foll Pkaoh,ndf.k" wkque;sh i yd uyckhd <Õg hkakg o isÿfõ' 78 jhjia:dfjka úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wms yod.;af;a rfü talsh;ajh rlskakg h' túg m%cd;ka;%jdoh talsh l%uhla kï" tu talsh Ndjh rlskafka md¾,sfïka;=j h' md¾,sfïka;= iajdêm;h we;s n%s;dkh

22 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾.;f;d;a tys talsh;ajhla ;sfí' th mj;skafka md¾,sfïka;= úodhlhla ;=< h' md¾,sfïka;= iajdêm;h lshk tl uyck iajdêm;hg hg;ajhs mj;skafka' ta ksid uyckhdg wmyiqjla ke;sj Pkao n,fhka mj;sk md¾,sfïka;=j bj;a lrkakg mq jk' wfma l%ufha ;snqfka nrm;, úld;shls' tal mdlaislj mq¾k n,;,,ndf.k wêlrkh mukla fkdj isú,a iudch o mkai, o m,a,sh o wd.u o hk ls fkdls ish,a,u md,kh lrkakg mq jka l%uhla ckdêm;sg idod ÿka y' foaymd,k iy iudc w¾nqohl oeka wms meg,s isákafkuq' 70.Kkaj, wdrïn jq ta w¾nqofhka wms ;ju f.dv ù ke;' wd¾ól w¾nqoh" ta u; meñks iudc w¾nqoh" mx;sfha w¾nqoh iy ckjd¾. sl w¾nqoh hk ish,a, tl f.dvl ;sfnkafka' ta ksid ÿ¾j, iudc miqìula we;=f<a n,j;a ckdêm;sjrfhl= foi ck;dj ne fõ h' cd;sfha wdrlaidjg fïl wjyhh nj ñksiaiq ;du;a l,amkd lr;s' iuyr wh ;ju;a l,amkd lrkafka úodhl ckdêm;s flfkla wmsg wjyh njhs' tla fj,djlg fuh ckdêm;sf.a wdkavqj f,i ckdêm;s l:d lrhs' w.ue;s lshkafka fïl w.ue;sf.a wdkavqjla nj h' kuq;a oeka th w;rueè ;;a;ajhl ;sfnkafka' ulaksid o h;a ckjdß 8fjksod m%odk jyfhka.;fyd;a ckjru,efnkafka ckdêm;sg h' túg rdch kdhlhd" úodhlfha kdhlhd iy wdkavqfõ kdhlhd jkafka ckdêm;s h' ta wkqj oeka ;sfnkafka thdf.a wdkavqj nj i;hhls' fï wdkavqj m;afjkfldg w.ue;s we;= weu;s ukav,h m%uqljk njg uyckhd ;=< yeõsula we;slsíu jeo.;afõ' fuh h:d¾;hla jkafka iïuq;s noao wdkavqj m%fhda.slj md¾,sfïka;=jg nr ;nd l%shd;aul jkafka kï muks' j;auka wdkavqj m%dfhda. slj tu ;;a;ajh we;slr fmkaúh hq;=j we;' th ckdêm;s iy w.ue;sg mejí we;s j.lsuls' ue;sjrk m%ldykhla bèßm;a úh' thg o ckjrula,eî we;' jhjia:dfõ w¾: ksremkh flfia fj;;a wruqkq jyfhka.;al< ta foflau mriamrhla ke;s kuq;a ta fol tl;= l<hq;=j we;' B <.g fï mlai fol tl;= ù yod.;a;d jev igykla o ilia lrf.k ;sfí' fï ish,a,u oeka tl;= l< hq;=j we;' tl;= lr jir foll Th lshk tajd iïmq¾k lrk nj fmkajkakg wjyhh' jir fol i yd ckm;s-w. ue;s iyôjkhla we;slr ;sfí' ckdêm;sjrfhla ke;sj bèrshg hkakg yels nj fï ld,h w;r;=r fmkaúh hq;= h' fïl oeka w.ue;sf.a wdkavqj lsh,d fmkajkakg wjyh h' ta wkqj j;auka wdkavqj ckdêm;s wdkavqjla úh fkdyel' Wmdh ud¾. fï wdkavqj.uka lrñka isákafka Wmdh ud¾.hla ;=<sks' wdkavqfõ ixhq;sh o Wmdh ud¾.sl h' uyskao rdcmlai f.a frôufha wjfyaihka w;=.d oud" kej; meñksug fkdyelsjk fia ÿ¾j, lsíu bka tlls' wdkavqj l%shdjg ke.sug ie<iqï lrk jev igykg md¾,sfïka;=fõ iyfhda.h,nd.eksu fojekak h' talg wjyh ck n,fõ.h Yla;su;a lsíu ;=kajekak h' fï Wmdh ud¾.sl mshjrhkaf.a m%;sm, jir folla we;=<; fmkaúh hq;=j we;' osk 100 osk 180 la olajd weÿk f,i jir fol thska tydg fkdhkakg wdkavqj j. n,d.; hq;= j we;' isú,a ixúodk yd wêlrkh m%cd;ka;%sh l%shdj,sfha bèßfhkau isá isú,a yd mqrjeis ixúodkj,g fuys È jeo.;a ld¾hndrhla mejí ;sfí' fï ixúodkj, iynd.s;ajh jvd jhqyd;aul f,i,nd.kakg ta whg bvlv ie,isu wdkavqj me;af;ka flfrkakg wjyh h' wksla w;g isú,a ixúodk o iqodkï úhhq;= hs ;ukaf.a n,meu jeä lrkakg' isÿfjñka mj;sk l%shdoduhg yria jkafka ke;sj" cd;sl ixjdohla mgka.kakg úfyaifhkau ckudohhg úyd, j.lsula mejí ;sfí' ckjdß 8 fjksodg fmr wm ysáfha rfü uq,sl,snr,a whs;ska mjd wysñ jq ;ekl h' wêlrkhg myrÿka miq isú,a ksoyila mj;skakg yelshdjla ke;' wfma wêlrkhg 1972

23 21 isgu myr t,a,lr ;snqks' úodhlh yd jhjia:dodhlhg idfmalaij wêlrkh ;snqfka ;=kafjks ;ek fkdj Bg;a my< h' wdkavqfõ 3fjks wdh;kh lshd tlla ;snqfka ke;s ;rï h' 1972 wêlrk n,h md¾,sfïka;=jg hg;a lf<a h' 78 wêlrkh hg;a flrefka ckdêm;s úisks' m%isoaêfhau YsrdKs nkavdrkdhl w. úksiqrejßh ckm;s n, uysufhka bj;a flßk' fï wdldrhg wêlrkh hg;ajq miq wysñ jkafka isú,a whs;sjdislï h' mqrjeis ixl,amh ixj¾okh ù ì%;dkhfha mqrjeis whs;sjdislï,sh,k úg m%:ufhka bèßhg wdfõ isú,a whs;sjdislï h' Ôj;aùfï whs;sh" woyia m%ldy lsífï whs;sh" mosxúh iy foam, whs;slr.eksu hkd isú,a whs;skag wh;a fõ' fïjd bèßhg meñksfha ue.akldgd.súiqfuka rcqf. ka wêlrkh iajdêk l< ksidfjks' m%:ufhka iajdëk fjkafka wêlrkh jk w;r wkslajd iajdêk jkafka thska miqj h' B <Õ /,a, jq wd¾ól lghq;= hkdèhg ksoyi,efnkafka wêlrk iajdëk;ajfha l%shdj,sh ;=<sks' md¾,sfïka;=j jeo.;afjkafka túg h' Bg miq w.ue;s yd weu;s ukav,h meñksfuka wk;=rej úodhlh jeo.;a fõ' lïlre mx;sfha foaymd,k wr., u;=ùu ;=<ska m%cd;ka;%jdoh mq,a flf¾' foaymd,k whs;sjdislï iy iudc whs;sjdislï B <Õg meñksfha h ksoyia wohdmkh" fi!lh jeks iqnidok lghq;= iy iudc wdrlaikh meñksfha Bg;a miqj h' tx.,ka;fha mukla fkdj wfma rfü;a th tfia úh' jhjia:dfjka u mj;sk wêlrkfha mßj¾;khla we;s l<hq;=j ;sfí' jhjia:djg wksjd¾fhka n,;, fn fï uq,o¾uh f.fkkakg isÿfõ' wêlrkh úodhlfhka fukau jhjia:dodhlfhka iajdêk l< hq;=hs' mqrjeis whs;ska rlskafka md¾,sfïka;=j" w.ue;s fyda ckdêm;s fkdfõ' ta whf.a o whs;sjdislï fírd fokakg fjkafka wêlrkhg h',xldfõ iajdëk wêlrkh ks¾udkh lrkakg mshjr.kafka 1833,xld hqla;sh ms<sn n,m;%fhks' leurka m%;sixialrkfhka th isÿú h' tfia fkdjkakg fld,anddla jhjia:dj fufy l%shd;aul lrkakg,efnkafka ke;' ynhdia fldamqia wd{d mkf;a úúúodk,xldjg meñksfha wêlrkh iajdêk lsífï m%;sm,hla f,i h' uyck jhdmdr" iudc jhdmdr werfukakg mgka.kafka thska miqj h' wd.ñl Woaf>daIK mqk¾ôjk jhdmdr yd jhjia:d m%;sixialrk jhdmdr bka miqj we;sjqks' úyd, f,i wdfhdack.,d tkafka bka miqj h' fld,anddla weoyq ksoyia fj< fmd< l%uhg moku oeuqfõ fï isú,a whs;sjdislï h' leurka m%;sixialrk j, whs;jdisslï m%ldykfha,shd ;sfnkjd iajdëk wêlrkh we;s lsíu iudc ixj¾okfha uq,mqrk u. hkqfjka' m%xy úma,jfha mejiqfõ o fïfoa uh' m%xy úma,jfhka meñks ñksia whs;sjdislï m%ldykfha rgl n,;, fn ula ke;s kï" iajdëk wêlrkhla ke;skï whs;sjdislï ke; hkqfjka,shd we;' oeka n,;, talrdys l< ú.i m%:ufhka u ke;sjkafka wêlrkfha iajdëk;ajhhs' jhjia:dfjka u mj;sk wêlrkfha mßj¾;khla we;s l<hq;=j ;sfí' jhjia:djg wksjd¾fhka n,;, fn fï uq,o¾uh f.fkkakg isÿfõ' wêlrkh úodhlfhka fukau jhjia:dodhlfhka iajdëk l< hq;=hs' mqrjeis whs;ska rlskafka md¾,sfïka;=j" w.ue;s fyda ckdêm;s fkdfõ' ta whf.a o whs;sjdislï fírd fokakg fjkafka wêlrkhg h' ta ksid ;uhs úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a lsíu yd Pkao l%uh fjkia lsíu jeks foa uq,g meñksfha' foaymd,k kdhl;ajh fokafka kï fï msïu mek.; yel' ckjdßhg fmr fmdÿ wfmalailfhl= wjyh jqfha o ta msïu meksug h' rdcmlai frôuh bj;a l<d fia úodhl ckm;s l%uh bj;alr kj Pkao l%uhg heu laiksl wjyh;djhls' ckm;s iy w.ue;s hk fom, fuys kshuqfjda fj;s' tfy;a ;u n,meu,sys,a fkdlrkakg isú,a mqrjeishka j.n,d.;hq;= h' ²

24 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾.sukayeíu kj;ajd mqrjeis ixúodk kej;;a il%%sh úhhq;=hs ks, jyfhka ke;;a" jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhla ms<sn wdkavqj me;af;ka flfrk l:d iy úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a lsíu ta fjkqfjka fmks isá mqrjeis n,fha iu le jqïlre fla' ví,shq' ckrxck uy;d iuõ meje;a jq idlépdjls fï' ks;s{ fla' ví,sõ' ckrxck jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh.ek w;ßka m;r l:dfjk kuq;a w ;a jhjia:djla iïmdokh lrkjdg jvd ixfydaok.ekhs l:dfjkafka' uq, isgu kj jhjia:djla fjkqfjka fmksisá ixúodkhla f,i ta ms<sn mqrjeis n,fha woyi l=ula o@ jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh.ek mqrjeis iudch ±lajq woyia ms<sìuq jq wjia:d folla ;sfhkjd' tkï ckjdß 8 fjkod Pkaohg fmr wjia:dj yd wf.daia;= 17 jeksod Pkaohg fmr wjia:dj' fï wjia:d fofla mqrjeis idudch jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka ±la jq woyia" uq,sl jyfhka ldrkd lsysmhlg idrdxy lsíug mq jka' wm w;ska ms<sìuq jq tla ldrkh ;uhs fï rfü úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais úh hq;=hs hkak' fol" ckjdß 8 fjksod jk;=re wm tfia fmks isá kuq;a thska miq" úúodldr m%dfhda.sl m%yak ksid uq,sl jyfhka ta iïnkaofhka jydu fjkialulg hkakg ;sfnk wmyiqj wmg fmkqkd' ta w;ru ckjdß 8 jeksodhska miq wd.ufka lsishï wdldrhl Okd;aul mshjrla ;shd.kakg o mq jka jqkd' kuq;a th lsisfia;a u wmsg ieysulg

25 23 kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj lshk ldrkfha wm uq,sl jyfhka ys;kafka" úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydaislr md¾,sfïka;=jg n,h mjrkjd hkak hs' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ks¾udkh lsífï th h:d¾;hla lr.eksu i yd isú,a iudch yeáhg wms uykais fjkakg fka' fuys m<uqfjks tl ;uhs úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrkak ke lshk tl' md¾,sfïka;=jg kej; n,h mejßh hq;= w;ru kdñl ckdêm;sjrfhla isàu m%udkj;a' m;afjkak mq jka ;;a;ajhla fkdfõ' wf.daia;= 17 jeksodhska miq ie<lshhq;= fjkila isÿfkdjq kuq;a Bg jvd ;j bèß mshjrla f,i n,hgm;a jq tlai;a cd;sl fmruqkq wdkavqj isú,a iudch;a iuõ we;s lr.;a.súiqu i<lkakg mq jka' tys ;sfnk tla jeo.;a fohla ;uhs kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla yokjd lshk ldrkh' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj lshk ldrkfha wm uq,sl jyfhka ys;kafka" úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydaislr md¾,sfïka;=jg n,h mjrkjd hkak hs' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ks¾udkh lsífï th h:d¾;hla lr.eksu i yd isú,a iudch yeáhg wms uykais fjkakg fka' fuys m<uqfjks tl ;uhs úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrkak ke lshk tl' md¾,sfïka;=jg kej; n,h mejßh hq;= w;ru kdñl ckdêm;sjrfhla isàu m%udkj;a' jd¾.sl m%yakh ta iuõ u ud ys;kafka" ckjdß 8g fmr.kakg fkdyels jq tkï wf.daia;= 17 jeksod jhdmdrh ;=< Bg jvd lsishï m%udkhlg l:d l< kuq;a" wmg wxl tl f,i.kak fkdyels jq ckjd¾. sl m%yakhg úi ula fiùu i yd h:d¾;jd n,h fn fï l%uhlg hkak wjyhhs lshk fojeks lrek' kj wdkavql%u jhia:dj ms<sn idlépdj;a iuõ wms kej; jdrhla n,h fn u l< hq;=hs lshk igka mdgh bèßhg f.k wd hq;= njhs uu ys;kafka' w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:djlg taflka jhqla;j hkak mq jkalula ke' ta wkqj w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:dj" flakaøh yd mßjdrh w;r ldg;a ms<s.kak mq jka" úfyaifhka fï m%yakhg ueèjq fou< yd uqia,sï cd;skag ms<s.kak mq jkajk wdldrfha" ;Dma;su;a jk wdldrfha n,h fn ula lrkakg wjyhhhs' uu fm!oa.,slj ys;kjd" fï m%yakh úi d. eksu i yd wmg f*vr,a l%uhla olajd hkak mq jka" iy hd hq;=hs lsh,d' kuq;a mj;sk ;;a;ajhka iuõ m<uq mshjr f,i th h:d¾;hla njg m;aúh fkdyels njhs uf.a ueksu' ta ksid wmsg wvq.kfka" m<uqjk mshjr f,i 13 jeks jhjia:d ixfydaofhka bèßhg.sh n,h fn ula olajd fyda bèßhg heug mqrjeishka f,i wm ueèy;aúh hq;=hs' ta jf.au my< ckfldgia /lf.k rfü wd¾ól m%;sixialrk i yd idlépdjla wdrïn lrkak wjyhhhs' uq,sl whs;sjdislï mßéfþoh óg jvd ÈhqKq lrkak" m%j¾okh lrkak" ñksiqkaf.a whs;sjdislï ;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKqlr w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:djg th we;=,a úhhq;= njhs uf.a uq,sl woyi' ckjdß 8 fjksodg fmr flfia mejiqj o" wf.dia;= 17ka miq ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a lsífï ;SrKh md¾,sfïka;=jg mejíug ;rï ckdêm;s iqlaiau jqkd' tlai;a cd;skaf.a udkj ysñlï ieisfha o Tyq wjodrkh lf<a wdkavql%u fjkila fkdj ixfydaokhla.ek' w.ue;sjrhd lshkafka o md¾,sfïka;=fõ n,h jeäl< hq;= njls' fuhska weõfjkafka" jvd m%cd;ka;%jdè hehs ie<flk md¾,sfïka;= l%uhg hkakg we;s wleue;a; fkdfõ n,;, w;a fkdyeíu we;a; jyfhkau úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh 1978 fê' wd¾' chj¾ok uy;auhd f.akafka" ta fjklï md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;snqkq n,h ;ukaf.a w;g flakaø lr.kak' t;fldg 78 wdkavql%u jhjia:djka ;ks taldêldí mqoa.,fhlaj we;s lrkjd' tfia ke;akï w¾o jhjia:dms; wd{dodhl;ajhla we;s lrkjd' t;fldg fï n,h,efnk lsis flfkla th w;ayßkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkafka ke' ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;d ckjdß 8 jeksodg biafi,a,d lsõfõ Tyq fmks isákafka úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsíu i yd lsh,d' kuq;a miafi ldf,l fmakjd lsishï wdldrhlg fï úodhl ckdêm;s l%ufha ;sfnk ri ±fkkfldg" tfyu ke;akï ;ukaf.a n,h ;yjqre lr.kakfldg tys ;sfnk,laikj,g lsishï wdldrhl we,aula

26 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ we;s ù ;sfnk nj' fïl idudkhfhka fjkak mq jka fohla' wms f;areï.kak k talhs' k rgl fï n,h ;sfnk tlaflkdg tal fjkak mq jka' t;fldg tal j<lajd.kak mq jka fjkafka tlafld mqrjeis iudcfha ke;akï Bg msg;ska tk n,hlg mukhs' fï n,meu t,a, lrkafka fldfyduo lshk ldrkh ;uhs jeo.;a' l%uh mj;ajdf.k heu wksla me;af;ka úfyaifhka cd;sljdè n,fõ.' ta jf.au rfü iaffjíndjh" fïl f,daflka W;=ï rg lshk iafjd;aujd woyiaj, bkak n,fõ.j,g;a wjyh jkafka tjeks ;ks taldêldí n,hla ;sfnk mqoa.,fhla ;uhs rg md,kh lrkak' mrk rcjrekaf.a mkakfha flfkla ;uhs Tjqkaf.a isysk md,lhd' ta jf.au Tjqka úyajdi lrkjd rfü whs;sjdislï l%shd;aul fjkak fokafka ke;sj" jev lrk ck;djg lghq;= lrkak fokafk ke;sj" ±ä md,khla lsishï ÿrlg f.khkak' ta lshkafka uef,aishdj" isx.mamqrej mkakfha ±ä md,khla lsishï ÿrlg f.k.shdu ;uhs fï rg fjkia lrkak mq jka fjkafka lsh,d úyajdi lrk úyd, msßila úúo ia:rj, bkakjd' idudkh ia:rj, mukla fkdj rfü nqoaêu;a ia:rj, o fujeks fldgia olskak,efnkjd' fï ish fokdf.au uq,sl wdo¾yh ;uhs wr úodhl ;ks n,hla ;sfnk mqoa.,fhl= úiska rg md,kh l< hq;=hs lshk tl' b;sx uu ys;kafka fïl ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;df.a fm!oa.,sl woyi mukla fkdj ta jgd bkak n,fõ. yd Bg msg;ska bkak n,fõ.j, n,dfmdfrd;a;=j;a tjeks md,lfhla' b;sx fï wfkhdakh iïnkofhka ;j ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;d ckjdß 8 jeksodg biafi,a,d lsõfõ Tyq fmks isákafka úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsíu i yd lsh,d' kuq;a miafi ldf,l fmakjd lsishï wdldrhlg fï úodhl ckdêm;s l%ufha ;sfnk ri ±fkkfldg" tfyu ke;akï ;ukaf.a n,h ;yjqre lr.kakfldg tys ;sfnk,laikj,g lsishï wdldrhl we,aula we;s ù ;sfnk nj ÿrg;a fï l%uh mj;ajdf.k hkakg fm!oa.,sl foaymd,k wns,dihkaf. kaa wdodrhla,efnkjd' tlal;a fjkak;a mq jka' ta h:d¾;h uu ys;kafka keye rks,a úl%uisxy wms f;areï.kak wjyhhs iy mdúéñ uy;d jqj;a" fï úodhl ckdêm;s lrkak wjyhhs" f;rmqula we;slrkak OQrhg m;ajqjd kï Tyqg;a fï n,h úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lsíu bj;alrkak Wjukdjla ;snqkd lsh,d' i yd' ta jf.au ;sfnk Okd;aul myq.sh ld,fha" tkï ckjdß 8g ;rula,laikh ;uhs mqrjeis iudch fmr ;snqkq foaymd,kh mßirh ;=< úúodldr ixúodk yd mqoa.,hka tlal Tyq lshmq foaa j,ska wmg f;areï.shd fnè, ysáh;a" ±kqj;a mqrjeishka" uu úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh mj;ajdf.k wr lshmq cd;sljd ;,fha wh fkfjhs' hkak ;uhs Tyq lghq;= lrkafka lsh,d' ±kqj;a mqoa.,hka úyd, msßila" rfü b;sx fï wdldrhg ne jdu úodhl m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn úyajdih we;s" ckdêm;s l%uh ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;d úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh fjkia lrkak thdgu ys;s,d wjikalrd ú lsh,d úyd, kh lshk ia:djrfha bkakjd' fï ish n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ;shd.kak neye' fokd n,uq.ekaùulska wmg mq jka fï rg md¾,sfïka;= wdkavql%uhlg kï úyd, msvkhla t,a, lrkak" uu f.khkak ke lshk n,meu È.ska ys;kafka fï ;;a;ajh fjkia lr.kak È.gu ieu me;a;lskau t,a, lr,d" mq jka fjhs' ckdêm;sjrhdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;alrjd mrdch lsíu ;uhs isú,a iudch.eksug ck;djg wjyh kuq;a yeáhg kej; jdrhla wmg lrkakg ckdêm;sjrhdf.a mlaifha uka;%sjre fjkafka' b;sx t;k jdikdjlg" rks,a thg leu;s ke;s njhs miq.sh úl%uisxy uy;auhd w.ue;s Oqrfha bkak md¾,sfïka;=fõ fmkqfka' ckdêm;sjrhd ksid fï wjia:dfõ wmg fmakjd thd md¾,sfïka;=jg fnda,h mdia lf<;a jev lrkafka md¾,sfïka;=j Yla;su;a tal ±kf.k' mj;sk jhjia:dfõ úê lsífï l%shdoduhla ;=<' tal Tyqf.a úodkj,g wkqj md¾,sfïka;=fõ 2$3

27 25 úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;d thdgu ys;s,d wjika lrdú lsh,d úyd, n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ;shd. kak neye' fï rg md¾,sfïka;= wdkavql%uhlg f.khkak ke lshk n,meu È.ska È.gu ieu me;a;lskau t,a, lr,d" ckdêm;sjrhdf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;=j mrdch lsíu ;uhs isú,a iudch yeáhg kej; jdrhla wmg lrkakg fjkafka' wkque;shla ke;sj fldfydu fïl bj;alr.kafka' m<jeks m%yak" mj;sk md¾,sfïka;=j we;=f<a ;uhs wmg fï fjkialu lrkak fjkafka lshk tl h:d¾;hla' ta lshkafka wms 72 jhjia:dj.;af;d;a" 72 jhjia:dj we;slr.kak mq jka jqfka" md¾,sfïka;= fjku jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla f,i /iafj,d' tal mj;sk jhjia:dfjka ixfla;d;aulj leãheula fmkakqïlr" kj rõyf,a /iafj,d ¾> idlépdjl m%;sm,hla f,i ;uhs 72 jhjia:dj tkafka' t;fldg mj;sk jhjia:d úêúodkj,g uq ukskau tfrysj hdula ksid tfyu lrkak mq jkalu,enqkd' ta lshkafka" mj;sk hg;a úð; iïm%%odhla LKavkh lrk nj fmkajñkqhs th hqla;shqla; lf<a' kuq;a ±ka wmg tfyu foaymd,k jg msgdjla keye' t;eka isg meñks iïm%odhu jeä ÈhqKqlr.kakhs yokafka' ta ksid wmg wdkavql%u jhjia:dj fjkia lr.kak mq jka fjkafk fïl we;=f<kauhs' tal ;uhs Bg jeäh ks;suh bvla wmg yïnfjkafka ke;af;a' Wml,amkhla f,i" wms md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla f,i lghq;= lr,d" 1972 jhjia:dj jf.a w ;a jhjia:djla yeÿfjd;a tfyu" lsishï fõ,djl wêlrkh bèßhg.shfyd;a" fï ks;suh miqìu ksid wêlrkfhka Bg n,meula t,a,fjkak mq jka' ta ksid wr lsõjd jf.au j¾;udk md¾,sfïka;=j we;=f,a bkak whf.ka ;uhs fïl úi d.kak fjkafka' n, ;=,kh t;fldg wr miq.sh ckjdß 8ka miafia ±lal úêhg u mqrjeishkaf.a wns,dyhka md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;sfnk n,;=,kh;a tlal fjkiajk iajndjhla wmg olskak mq jka fjhs' ±ka ckjdß 8fjksod ;snqkq ;;a;ajhg jvd fyd hs wf.daia;= 17 jeksodhska miafi ;;a;ajh' tfyu jqkdg ;ju;a md¾,sfïka;=jg iqÿiq ke;s" fkdisáh hq;= úyd, msßila md¾,sfïka;=fõ bkakjd' ta jf.au ta whf.a wns,dyh jkafka o ;j ÿrg;a fï úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh mj;ajd.eksuhs' t;fldg uu kï ys;kafka tl me;a;lska wmg hkak mq jka fjkafk fï ;sfnk m%;smdok ;=<skau" l%ula l%ufhka fjkia lrñka' t;fldg w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokhla f.akjd kï tal ta whg lrkakg fjkafka" md¾,sfïka;=fõ n,h ms<sn ne?reï f,i l,amkd lr,d' uu úyajdih ;shkafka md¾,sfïka;=j we;=f<a ;sfnk ta n,meu yd ta n,;=,khka f;areï.ksñka yd ms<s.ksñka" tal ksishdldrfhka l<ukdlrkh lrkak k lshk tlhs' iudch ±kqj;a lr,d fukak fujeks jhjia:djla ;uhs wmg fkhs lshk y~ iudcfhka u;=lr. kak mq jka kï wmg lsishï wdldrhl fjkila n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkak mq jka' WodyrKhla f,i 19 jeks jhjia:d ixfydaokh f.fkk fõ,dfõ" tal iïu; fkdjk wdldrhg ndod meñks fudfydf;a uyck;dj mdrg neye,d lrmq n,meu ;=<hs Th ;;a;ajfhka j;a tal iïu; jqfka' ta ksid fï w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka mjd mqrjeis ixúodkj, bkak wmg ck;dj iuõ tlaù n,meula t,a, lrkak mq jka kï uu ys;kafka fï ;;a;ajh álla hym;a w;g fjkia lr.kak mq jka' rfü ;eka;ekaj, wúêu;a f,i idlépd fjk kuq;a" wms ;du;a wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iy tys ;sfhkak k fjkialï.ek rfü ck;dj tlal idlépdjla wdrïn lr,d ke' ta ksid wms udoh yd mqrejeishka me;af;ka n,kfldg uf.a woyi wms ±ka ta idlépdj mgka.kak fka" ck;dj w;rg f.kshkak fka' w ;a wdkavq l%u jhjia:djl ;sfhkak k wx. fudkjdo lshk tl b;d jeo.;a' ta yryd iudcfhka msvkhla t,a, lrkak k fï foaymd,k wêldßhg'

28 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ flfia kuq;a md¾,sfïka;= we;=f,a flfrk foa.ek wmsg ;sfnk úyajdih l=ula wksla tl" ldrl ind wjia:dfõ ck;djg fka foa fkdfjhs fkao mj;sk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj we;=f<kau hkak isÿfjk ksid iy wr lsõjd jf.a md¾,sfïka;=fõ isák 225 fokdf.ka 2$3la wjyhjk w;ru fï m%;sixialrkj,g úreoao mqoa.,hka isákjd lshk woyi;a wmg ;sfnk ksid" uu ys;kjd wr lsõjd jf.au ck;djf.a wns,dyhka fudllao lshk tla fmfkk f,i n,meula t,a, lsífuka ;uhs fïl lrkak mq jka fjkafka' uf.a tl fj,djl woyila ;sínd" uyck;d iynd.s;ajfhka" rfü nqoaêu;=kaf. ka" jhjia:d úpdrlhkaf.ka iukaú; lñgqjlg Ndr, ck;djf.ka tk uq,sl flgqïm;la ilia lrkak fï rfü mqrjeis n,fõ.j,g neß wehs lsh,d' t;fldg wmg lshkak mq jka" fïl ;uhs wfma ixhqla; woyi hï hï fjkialï ;sfnkakg yels kuq;a ta.ek idlépd lrkak mq jka lsh,hs uu ys;kafk' t;fldg fukau fïl ;uhs ck;djf.a wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka ;sfnk ixhqla; l:dj lsh,d meyeè<sj lshkakg mq jka wmsg' uq,sl woyia fndfyda ;sfnk kuq;a ixhqla;j wms tajd ;ju bèßm;a lr,d ke' tfyu tlla bèßm;a lrkak mq jka o lshk tl n,kakg mq jka' wu;l lrkak krlhs" ckjdß 8 fjksodg biafi,a,d we;s jq mqrjeis jhdmdrhkaf.a khdh m;%h ;uhs ckjdß 8 iy wf.daia;= 17 jeksodg n,mefõ' foaymd,k n,fõ.j,g ta khdh m;%h iuõ ysg.kakg isoaojqkd jxlj fyda wjxlj' taflka iudcfha we;s jq msì u iy wjfndaoh ;uhs ;du;a.uka w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokhla f.akjd kï tal ta whg lrkakg fjkafka" md¾,sfïka;=fõ n,h ms<sn ne?reï f,i l,amkd lr,d' uu úyajdih ;shkafka md¾,sfïka;=j we;=f<a ;sfnk ta n,meu yd ta n,;=,khka f;areï.ksñka yd ms<s.ksñka" tal ksishdldrfhka l<ukdlrkh lrkak k lshk tlhs' lrkafka' fï wdkavqj.uka lrk l%uh flgqïm;la wmg udohj, iy iudcfha ms<sn úfrdaohla iudcfhka tkafka" wr idlécd ukavmj, idlépdjg.kak khdh m;%h iu. ixikaokh lrñka' mq jka' t;fldg ñksiaiq fï flgqïmf;a wms úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais ;sfnk foa yd ;ukaf.a wns,dyhka lrkak lsõjd fïf.d,a, tal lrkafk ms<sn ixjdo lrkak mgka.kakjd' ke" ±ka fudlo wms n,h ;=kafjkqj tfyu ixjdohla we;s lr,d" fnokak fka lsõjd fïf.d,af,d n,h iudcfha y~la we;s lrklak mq jka fnokafka ke" ±ka fudlo wms kï" fukak fï jf.a tlla iïu; lsõfõ l=vd weu;s ukav,hla',eì,d lr.eksu i yd ;uhs ñksiaiq wfmka ;sfnkafka f,dl= weu;s ukav,hla" wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkafk lshk mksjqvh fudlo yeu ;siafiau wr md¾,sfïka;=fõ bkak 225 fokdg m%odk mqrjeis khdh m;%h;a tlal ;uhs n,meula f,i f.kshkak mq jka wmsg' ixikaokh lrkafka' wkak ta wdld;sh wksla me;af;ka uu ys;k úêhg kej;;a f.fkkakg fka' uyskao rdcmlai uy;a;hd fojrla mqrjeis khdh m;%h mqrejeis khdh m;%fhka wms fmkajkak fka" fïl ;uhs wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wdkavql%u jhjia:d flgqïm;' wms tal.ek idlépd lrkak leu;shs' yenehs tal lrkak wmsg uq,sl fldgqïm;la wjyhhs' tjeks fohlg b;du.e,fmk m%dudkslhka wfma iudcfha isákjd' wmsg ta wh mdúéñ lrkak mq jka tjeks fohlg' fojeks ldrkh ;uhs tjeks mrdchùu;a tlal wkd.;fha Tyq iuõ isá foaymd,k n,fõ. lsishï wdldrhl ÿ¾j, fjkak kshñ;hs' ta lshkafka ta whg taf.d,a,kaf.a n,h ;jÿrg;a r d mj;ajd.kak ne' ±ka uq,la ke' uq,.e,ú,d ;sfhkafka' bèßhg hkúg mrk fudk krl jd¾;d ;snqkd jqk;a" l%ula l%ufhka ta whg tajd bèßhg /f.k hkak neßfjkjd w ;a foaymd,k h:d¾;h;a tlal' t;fldg uu ys;kafka iudcfhka úyd, n,meu;a iuõ wr mqoa.,hkag mjd isoao fjkjd

29 27 wf.daia;= 17 jeksodhska miafia lsishï wldrhl.sukayßk.;shla fmakak ;sfhkjd' tal krlhs' tal ;uhs 1994;a jqfka' fudlo idudkh jyfhka mqrjeis ixúodk foaymd,k ixúodk fuka Yla;su;a fkdjk ksid álla.suka yßkak leu;shs' ±ka fïl iuyr fõ,djg krl,laikhla njg;a m;afjkak mq jka' fï.sukayeíu w;yer kej; wms wdmq.uka ud¾.h Èyd n,d" wkd.;h i yd fldfyduo ;j ÿrg;a Yla;su;a fjkafka lshk tl.ek is;kakg fka' u.yer hkak neye lshk woyig tkak' uu ta me;af;ka jvd iqnodhs ;;a;ajhl bkafka' yenehs tal rod mj;skafka wfma l%shdldß;ajh fldf;la Yla;su;a o lshk tl u;' tal Yla;su;a lrkak mq jka' fï yeu fohlau fjkia lrkak mq jka jkafka thska mukhs' tal wms fmkakqï lr ;sfnkjd b;sydifha ' ckjdß 8 fjksodg fmr mqrjeis ixúodkj, ;snq WfoHda.h ±ka ke lsõfjd;a" Tnf.a ;lafiarej l=ula ckdjdß 8 fjksodhska miq isñ; chla,enq tu ixúodk" wf.daia;= 17 jeksodhska miafia lsishï wldrhl.sukayßk.;shla fmakak ;sfhkjd' tal krlhs' tal ;uhs 1994;a jqfka' fudlo idudkh jyfhka mqrjeis ixúodk foaymd,k ixúodk fuka Yla;su;a fkdjk ksid álla.suka yßkak leu;shs' ±ka fïl iuyr fõ,djg krl,laikhla njg;a m;afjkak mq jka' fï.sukayeíu w;yer kej; wms wdmq.uka ud¾.h Èyd n,d" wkd.;h i yd fldfyduo ;j ÿrg;a Yla;su;a fjkafka lshk tl.ek is;kakg fka' fudlo" by; wjia:d fofla u mqrjeis n,h f.dvke.=fka m%;spdr ±laùula yeáhghs' ta lshkafka Pkaohla tkjd" ta wjia:dfõ wm fudllao lrkak k lshk tlghs m%;spdr ±lajqfha' ±ka wmg ;j ÿrg;a ta m%;spdr olajk ud¾.fha wmsg hkak ne' ta lshkafka biairyg tfyu m%;spdr olajkak wjia:djla tkafka keye' fmdÿ jevms<sfj<la ±ka mrk úèfha,sys,a iandjhg jvd mqrjeishkag ia:djr mokula wjyhhs' B <Õg m%;sm;a;shla iy ta u; jq jev ms<sfj,la bèßhg f.kshkak ixúodk jhqyhla wjyhhs' tal kej; wm i,ld n,kak k' ±ka mqrjeis n,fõ.j,g ;sfnk wnsfhda.h ;uhs talg yev. efik tl' mqrjeis ixúodkh yeáhg l:d lrkjd kï fmdÿ ldrkd ck;dj w;rg f.kshkak fka' fyd wdrïnhla wrf.k ck;dj iuõ tlg jev lrkak fka' mqrjeis khdh m;%h wdkavqj,jd lrjd l%shdjg k.d.eksu i ydhs miq. sh ld,fha wms jev lf<a' wmsg ;snqk isñ; iïm;a yd ld,h;a iuõ wms fld<u flakaøsh jevla ;uhs lf<a' kuq;a wmg ta l%shdoduh ;=<;a fmakak mgka.;a;d úfyaifhka fld<u ;sfnk mqrjeis ixúodkh jeks ixúodkhka n,df.k m%dfoayshj o ta wdldrhg iajhxj ixúodkh fjkjd' WodyrKhla f,i uykqjr" u;=.u jf.a m%foayj, fïl Èyd n,df.k ixúodkh fjkjd' taf.d,a, wfmka b,aæ foa ;uhs" wmg;a fld<ug weú;a iïnkao fjkak mq jka o lshk tl fïfla YdLdjka úêhg' kuq;a wmg ta fj,dfõ talg Yla;shla ;snqfka keye' uu ys;k úêhg wmg mq jka kï fï úêfha cd,hla tlal jev lrkak" tal b;d jeo.;a' wld;sh fudllao lshk tl ;ju meyeè<s ke;s kuq;a wmg ta úèfha iduqysl jevlg hkak wjia:dj ;sfhkjd' ;j tl fohla uu lshkak fkaa" uyskao rdcmlai uy;a;hdf.a ld,fha fï mqrjeishkaf.a Yla;sh yd fï mqrjeis n,h iïnkaofhka úyajdihla ;snqfka ke' úyajdihla lshkafka ie,l=fõ ke'.kka.;af;a ke' t;fldg ñksiqkaf.a y~ fndfydu wudrefjka ;uhs wms wjèlr.;af;a' wksl" ñksiaiq Tlafldu talrdys jqkd mukla fkdfjhs hym;a m%;spdrhla o thg ±lajqjd' hgm;afj,d ysgmq ñksiaiq Tlafldu ke.sákak mgka.;a;d' wvq jeä jyfhka ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;a;h;a" rks,a úl%uisxy uy;a;h;a" Tjqkaf.a rcfha;a ;sfnk tl fohla ;uhs mqrjeis ixúsodkj, jf.au mqrejishkaf.a meje;au ms<s.eksu' mqrjeis ixúodk myq.sh ld,fha jeo.;a ld¾h Nd¾hla l< nj Tjqka ms<s. kakjd' tal fï jev ms<sfjf,a wmg fyd únjhla we;s lrkjd" fï jefâ biairyg f.kshkak' tal fyd idoksh ;;a;ajhla' ² idlépd lf<a uyskao r;akdhl

30 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ ks¾udkd;aul jhjia:djla wmg wjyhhs úfyaifhka u ì%;dkh hg;a úð;jdèkaf.a iïm%dma;sh;a iuõ meñks tlla ;uhs Tjqkag yqremqreÿ m%.;sh ms<sn woyia iuõ tl;= ù" fï rfü iudc" ixiald;sl" wd¾ól yd foaymd,k lafia;%j, hï hï m%;sixialrk we;s lrkakg Tjqka oere W;aidyh' wdpd¾h Wmq,a wfír;ak wïfnâld¾ fkare we;= bka h jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,h jhia:dj iïnkaofhka.;a l< wmsg ;sfnk uq,sl m%yak j,ska tlla ;uhs" wo th wm rfü foaymd,k ixiald;sfha wdfõksl jq,laik j,ska tlla ùu' uu fuhska woyia lrkafka" wfma rfü foaymd,k ixiald;sh yev. eisu iïnkaofhka idlépd lrk úg wfma wjodkh fhduq lrkakg fka wfma hg;a úð; Wreuhka ms<sn j' hg;a úð; Wreuj, fohdldr n,meula Y%s,xldfõ foaymd,k ixiald;sh ;< ;sfnkjd' úfyaifhka u ì%;dkh hg;a úð;jdèkaf.a iïm%dma;sh;a iuõ meñks tlla ;uhs Tjqkag yqremqreÿ m%.;sh ms<sn woyia iuõ tl;= ù" fï rfü iudc" ixiald;sl" wd¾ól yd foaymd,k lafia;%j, hï hï m%;sixialrk we;s lrkakg Tjqka oere W;aidyh' hqfrdamsh b;sydihg jvd ol=kq wdishdfõ" wm%sldfõ b;sydih fjkia' ta fjki ;sfnk w;r u" hqfrdamfha hqo l%shdjka yryd ta jk úg tla cd;shla ks¾udkh ù ;snqks' ta ikao¾nh ;=< ;uhs tla cd;shlg tla rdchhla lshk ixl,amh ta iudc j, uq,anei.;af;a' hqfrdamshka ol=kq wdishdfõ" úfyaifhka u bkaèhdj iy,xldj jeks rdchj,

31 29 lghq;= l< wdldrh ;uhs" Tjqka fï iudcj, ;snqkq úiu cd;sl;ajhkag yd wkkh;d lkavdhïj,g ta wkkh;djhka tfiau f.k hkakg bv fï ldrkdj' ta wkqj Tjqka ta ta mqoa., ks;s fjkila fkdlr ;ndf.k isáhd' f;aij,dfï ks;sh" uqlal=jdjrekaf.a ;snqkq uqlal=jd ks;sh WodyrK f,i.kakg mq jka' uqlal=jdjrekaf.a fm!oa.,sl yeisíï md,kh l< uqia,sïjrekaf.a wd.ñl ks;s iïm%odhla' Wvrg ks;sh idudkhfhka uq,ald,fha ;snqfka m%dfoaysh ks;shla f,ig' miqld,skj hqfrdamshka úiska th mqoa., ks;shla njg m;a flßk' Wvrg m%foayfha Ôj;ajk isxy,hskag ú;rla wod, jk f,i tu ks;sh miqj mßj¾;kh lrkq,enqjd' fïjdhska we;s jq m%;sm, j,ska tlla ;uhs" wfma jf.a iudcj, úiu cd;sl wkkh;djh lshk tl hqfrdamhg jvd fjkia wdldrhl n,j;a l%shdoduhla njg m;aùu' ta ta ck lkavdhï idfmalaij fldhs;rï wohmkh" fi!lhh" hkdè fohska bèßhg.uka lr ;sfnkjd o lshk ks¾kdhlh u;hs ta wkqj lghq;= flrefka' Tjqka fl;rï ÿrg fï ldrkdj oeä f,i.kka.;a;d o lsjfyd;a",xldfõ ;snqkq we;eï l=, lkavdhï mjd ckj¾.hlska ;uhs Tjqka.Kkh lrkq,enqfõ' Tjqkag wjfndaohla ;snqfk ke" fuys ixiald;sl mßirh ms<sn j' cd;sl lkavdhï B <Õ Odrdj ;uhss" wms ksoyia rdchhla njg m;afjkakg wdikak wjêfha " úfyaifhkau Th fjiaü fma,shd jeks.súiqï j, n,meula úèhg rdch lshk foa Wreulaldrlu ysñldß;ajh,efnkafka cd;skag' cd;shlg ;uhs rdchhla lshk tl we;sfjkafka' t;fldg ;=kafjks f,dalfha úfyaifhka u ol=kq wdishdfõ wfma jf.a rgj, isÿjqkqq tl m%yakhla ;uhs wms ksoyia rdchhla njg m;afjkakg wdikak wjêfha " úfyaifhkau Th fjiaü fma,shd jeks.súiqï j, n,meula úèhg rdch lshk foa Wreulaldrlu ysñldß;ajh,efnkafka cd;skag' cd;shlg ;uhs rdchhla lshk tl we;sfjkafka' t;fldg ;=kafjks f,dalfha úfyaifhka u ol=kq wdishdfõ wfma jf.a rgj, isÿjqkqq tl m%yakhla ;uhs fldfydu o fï úiu cd;sl lkavdhï w;r cd;shla f.dvk.kafka lsh,d' fjk;a wdldrhlg lshkafka kï wmsg,efnk N+f.da,Sh tallh ;=< fldfyduo cd;sl rdchhla f.dv k.d.kafka lsh,d' fldfydu o fï úiu cd;sl lkavdhï w;r cd;shla f.dvk.kafka lsh,d' fjk;a wdldrhlg lshkafka kï wmsg,efnk N+f.da,Sh tallh ;=< fldfyduo cd;sl rdchhla f.dv k.d.kafka lsh,d' b;ska wfma rfü foaymd,k ixiald;sh f;areï.;hq;af;a" fï lshk,o ft;sydisl mßirh ;=<' wfma iudcj, hg;a úð;jd kaf.a ksfhdack isoaod;a;h iuõ ks¾udkh jk foaymd,ksl ;,h ;=<hs fï ixiald;sh ks¾udkh jkafka' t;fldg Tjqka ksrka;rfhka wjodrkh lrkjd fï lkavdhïj, ksfhdackh' uq,a ld,fha u úfyaifhka u 1833 isg wfma rgj,a ;=< ksfhdackh lshk foa ks¾udkh fjkafka jd¾.sl;ajh mokï lrf.k' m<d;ano ksfhdackh t;rï Wkkaÿ lf<a ke' m<d;ano ksfhdackh mq,a fjkak mgka.kafka 1931 fvdkfud¾ m%;sixialrk iuõ' ta fjkfldg wms ksoyia rdchhla njg mßj¾;kh fjkakg wjyhlrk miqìu ks¾udkh fj,d ;sfnkjd' oeka fï rgj, ;snqkq tl wnsfhda.hla ;uhs fldfydu oeka cd;shla f.dvk.kafka lshk tl' cd;shla f.dvk.d.eksu lshk ldrkdfõ wfma n,odíka jq foaymd,k m%n+ lkavdhu w;syhskau wiu;a lkavdhula njg m;afjkjd' Tjqkag wjfndaohla ;snqfka ke wfma ;sfnk úúo;ajh ;=< tl;= fjkakg mq jka wdldrfha mq,a rdch ;dka;%sl oelaula f.dvk.d.kakg' ta oelau f.dvk.d.kakg fkdyelsùfï m%;súmdlhla f,ig ;uhs wms wo N=la;sú k fndfyda iudc jhikhkaf.a uq, olskakg mq jka fjkafka' ixiald;sh lshk foa ksrka;rfhka m%;sks¾udkh jk l%shdj,shla nj wms wjfndao lr.kakg fka' fidaúhü reishdfõ f,kskag mq jkalula,enqkd" kj iudchla f.dvk.kakg wjyh lrk foaymd,k ixiald;shlg wjyh miqìu ks¾udkh jkiq fukau ks¾udkhùug wdodrjk wdldrfha wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.kakg' tfyu ke;akï mq,a wdkavql%u moao;shla f.dvk.d.kakg Tyqg mq jka jqkd' wfma wi,ajeis bkaèhdj.;fyd;a" bkaèhdjg mq jkalu ;snqkd ta rfü mj;sk iudc

32 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ úúo;ajh wduka;%kh lrkakg yd.%ykh lr.kakg mq jkajk wdldrfha mq,a jhjia:dkql+, o¾ykhla imhd. kakg' ta ksid wo wms,xldj iuõ iïnkaolr,d.;fyd;a" bkaèhdfõ m%n+ mx;sh mq,a jhjia:dkql+, o¾ykhla ilialrf.k ;sfhkjd lshkakg mq jka' ta ksid bkaèhdj fõ.fhka bkaèhdkq wkkh;djhla f.dvk.d.kakjd' bkaèhdkq foaymd,k ixiald;sfha ;sfnk úfyaiu,laikh ;uhs úúo NdId" úúo wd.ï" úúo ixiald;skag wh;a lkavdhï" ;uka Ôj;afjk fï bkaèhdj keue;s N+f.da,sh tallh ;ukaf.a jdin+ñh" uõrg lsh,d l,amkd lrk" N+ñh;a tlal ne Kq wkkh;djhla f.dvk.d.kakg iu;a ùu' ta w;ska.;aúg wfma rfü tn oa¾ykhla f.dvk.d.kakg wiu;a ùu ;uhs wfma foaymd,k ixiald;sfha ;sfhk lemsfmfkk ÿn,;djh' wkkh;dj /lsu cd;sl foaymd,k.eg ms<sn wms fndfyda fj,djg l,amkd lrkafka".eg ms<sn j olskafka" b;du mgq úèhg' cd;sh" ckj¾.h" Bg m,af,ydg.sfhd;a" l=,h iy wd.u jeks idol mokï lrf.k ;uhs wms wfma iudch Èyd n,kafka' uu fuhska woyia lrkafka ke ñksiqkaf.a wkkh;djh wlduld oeñug' ñksiqkaf.a wkkh;d ;ndf.k" wmsg fnodyod.;yelshs lshk yeõsula we;slr.kakg neßjqfka wehs lshk tl úi d.kakg fjkafka fï foaymd,k ixiald;sl miqìu ;=< lshk tlhs uu thska woyia lrkafka' ud úyajdi lrk wdldrhg,xldjg w;syhskau oeka wjyhlr,d ;sfnkjd" taldnoao foaymd,k ixiald;shla úèhg" fmdÿnjla we;slr.kakg wjyh lrk" tjeks iudc l%uhlg ñksiqkaj wkq.; lrkakg yels jhjia:dkql+, o¾ykhla fidaúhü reishdfõ f,kskag mq jkalula,enqkd" kj iudchla f.dvk.kakg wjyh lrk foaymd,k ixiald;shlg wjyh miqìu ks¾udkh jkiq fukau ks¾udkhùug wdodrjk wdldrfha wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lr.kakg' tfyu ke;akï mq,a wdkavql%u moao;shla f.dvk.d.kakg Tyqg mq jka jqkd' wfma wi,ajeis bkaèhdj.;fyd;a" bkaèhdjg mq jkalu ;snqkd wjyhhs' wkql,kh jq foaymd,k ixiald;shla hkqfjka woyia lrkafka" úúo wkkh;d lkavdhï fmdÿfõ fnodyod.kak" wfma iudch fukak fï wdldrfha tlla" wfma iudcfha wms yeu fokdgu f.!rjhla ;sfnkjd lshk fnodyod.eksul yeõsula we;slr.eksu ;uhs uu fu;k taldnoao foaymd,k ixiald;sfha m%odk,laik f,i olskafka' WodyrKhla úèhg fou< ñksyg;a" isxy, ñksyg;a" fïl wfma rg" wms bmÿkq rg" wms uefrk rg lsh,d úyajdihla f.dvk.kakg mq jkafjk wdldrfha o¾ykhla yod.kakg' uu kej; j;djla fïl úia;r lrkakg bkaèhdj me;a;g yerefkd;a" bkaèhdjg ksoyi m%odkh lr;a " tjlg isá w.%dkavqldrhd jk i¾ ujqkanegka idñjrhd mqfrdal:kh lrkjd bkaèhdfõ ;sfhk iudc" foaymd,k" ixiald;sl" wd.ñl yd NdIduh fnosï ;sfnk mrsirh ;=<" wju jyfhka fjk fjku rdchh 18 we;sfjkakg mq jka nj' yenehs wo ta uõkanegka idñjrhd f.a woyi b;du oeä f,i m%;slafiam jk ;;a;ajhla ks¾udkh fj,d ;sfhkjd' ujqkanegka idñjrhdf.a mqfrdal:kh wo ì jeá,d ;sfhkjd' talg m%odk fya;=j jqfka bkaèhdjg wdfõksl jq bkaèhdkq foaymd,k ixiald;sla f.dvk.d.eksug wjyhlrk o¾ykh trg jhjia:d iïmdolhska úiska bkaèhdkq iudchg m%odkhlr ;sîu' bkaèhdkq iudchg fï m%odkh lr ;sfnk m%odku tl.;af;d;a" bkaèhdj lshkafka yskaÿ nyq;rhla bkak iudchla' yskaÿ wd.fï o úúo m%fnao ;sfnkjd ta w;r' foúfhda oi oyia.kkdjla bkakjd' yenehs bkaèhdfõ jhjia:d iïmdolhska jk fkare" mfg,a" wïfnâld¾ jeks wh l,amkd l<d fï wd.ñl mßirh ;=< jvd fyd fjkafka wkd.ñl rdchhla nj' ta lshkafka wd.uhs rdchhhs fol fjkalr ;nd.kak rdchhla ks¾udkh lsíu ;uhs jvd;a iqÿiq fjkafka lsh,d' wkak ta ksid bkaèhdfõ Ôj;a fjk úúo wd.ï woyk" úúo ixiald;skag wh;a wh l,amkd lrkjd wmsg fïl f,!lsl rdchhla" wd.uhs rdchhs folla" ta ksid wd.ñl jyfhka /ljrkhla ;sfhk foaymd,k ixia:djla wmsg ;sfnkjd lsh,d' wfma fudlao jqfka wfma fjép m%yakh ;uhs" oeka we;a;g u uu lshkafk 1972 jhjia:dj ks¾udkh fkdl<d kï óg jvd,xldj fyd fjkakg ;snqkd' wms miq.sh ld,fha w;aoelal uyskao rdcmlaif.a b;d l%er;r taldêm;sjdè md,k rduqjlg.uka lrkakg uq,a., ;sífí 1972 jhjia:dj' 78 tal ;j;a fyd ka

33 31 ;ukag wjyhlrk wdldrhg ilialr fê' wd¾ chj¾ok tal biairyg wrka.shd' uyskao rdcmlai 18fjks jhjia:d ixfydaokfhka taldêm;sjdofha l+gm%ma;shg wrka.shnj wms ±lald' tal tl me;slvla' B,Õg fï rdchfha 1972 jhjia:dfjka mgka.kakjd wd.uhs" foaymd,khhs fol tlg wrka hkakg' ixiald;sl mqk¾ôjkh lshk úúo jevigyka hgf;a fï rfü idudkh ñksiqka" ke;akï fjk;a wd.ñl ixiald;sl miqìïj, bkak whf.a wej;=ï mej;=ïj,g wnsfhda. t,a,jk wdldrfha ixiald;shla ks¾udkh ùug wjyh lrk miqìu ks¾udkh jqkd Bg l,skq;a' 72 jhjia:dfjka tal bèßhgu wrf.k.shd' wd.ñl jhjia:djla ud t;k wdmiq u;la lrkjd" 48 Y%S fkare;=ud hkjd tx.,ka; ixpdrhlg'.shdg miq t;=udf.ka udohfõèfhla wykjd Tn;=ud f.a rfü" nyq;rhla yskaÿka bkak rfü wdkavql%u jhjia:dj wkd.ñlhs' f,!lsl wdkavql%u jhjia:djla yo,d ;sfhkafka t;fldg Ys% fkare;=ud lshkjd oeka n,kak Thd,f.a rg Èyd' Tfí rfü wdkavql%u jhjia:dj wd.ñlhs ^tx.,ka; wdkavql%u jhjia:dj wd.ñlhs lsh,d lshkafka tx.,ka; indfõ m%odkshd fjkafka rcq fyda /ðk& túg Y%S fkare lshkjd m%yakhla ke fudlo Tfí rfü ñksiaiq wkd.ñlhs' Tfí jhjia:dj wd.ñl jqkdg lula ke Tfí rfü ñksiqka wkd.ñl ksid' wfma rfü ñksiaiq yßu wd.ñlhs ta ksid wfma jf.a rglg wd.ñl jhjia:djla ;ndf.k.sfhd;a wfma rg fnao Nskak fjkjd' fld;rï bèß oelaula we;sj o Tjqka lghq;= lr,d ;sfnkafka' wksla me;af;ka wms.sydu wfma NdId m%;sm;s;ahg' wfma NdId m%;sm;a;sh lshk tl;a",xldfõ kej; bkaèhdfõ jhjia:d iïmdolhska jk fkare" mfg,a" wïfnâld¾ jeks wh l,amkd l<d fï wd.ñl mßirh ;=< jvd fyd fjkafka wkd. ñl rdchhla nj' ta lshkafka wd.uhs rdchhhs fol fjkalr ;nd. kak rdchhla ks¾udkh lsíu ;uhs jvd;a iqÿiq fjkafka lsh,d' wkak ta ksid bkaèhdfõ Ôj;a fjk úúo wd.ï woyk" úúo ixiald;skag wh;a wh l,amkd lrkjd wmsg fïl f,!lsl rdchhla" wd.uhs rdchhs folla" j;djla úfyaifhkau 72ka mgkaf.k Bg l,ska isg wms okakjd rdch NdId mk; ;snqkd' fïjdf.ka mgkaf.k weú,a,d oeka wo fjkúg úi ula ;sfnk ú;a;sh fjkqk;a" ;ju wfma fmfkkakg ;sfnkafka tl NdIdjlg m%uql;ajh fok njla' fïflka we;s jq tla m%;sm,hla ;uhs" wmsg wr wksl=;a ixiald;sl lkavdhï f;areï.kakg wjyh nyq NdIsl;ajh fkdue;s tal NdIsl iudchla ks¾udkh ùu' bkaèhdkq NdId m%;sm;a;sh.;af;d;a" bkaèhdfõ rdch NdIdj yska ' iy iïnkaêlrk NdIdj f,i bx.%sis NdIdj mdúéñfjkjd wog;a' m%dka;j, NdIdj;a rdch NdIdjla' mdif,a È orefjda yskaè" bx.%sis yd m%dka;fha NdIdj jf.au Bg wu;rj ;j tl m%dka;hl NdIdjlaj;a bf.k.;hq;= hs' NdIdjla lsh,d lshkafka ñksfil=f.a ixiald;sh f;areï wrf.k thg.relrkakg mqreÿ fjktl' wfma rfü NdId m%;sm;a;sfhka kej; j;djla jqk foa ;uhs isxy<" fou, iy uqia,sï" ke;akï fou, NdIdjka l:dlrk m%cdjka w;r wúyajdih yd ielhg ;=vq u' mqoa.,dnsjdokh ;j;a jeo.;a ldrkdjla ;uhs",xldfõ foaymd,k ixiald;sfha ;sfhkjd wdfõksl jq,laikhla jk mqoa., wnsjdokh lshk tl' we;a;gu n,hg m;afjk ;eke;a;kaj weoys,a,la njg m;afjk ixiald;shla ks¾udkh jk ;;a;ajhla ;sfnkjd' t;fldg fï ixiald;sh ks¾udkh ùug n,me m%odk ldrkdj,ska tlla ;uhs rcfha fmdÿ iïm;a fnodyeífï l%shdj,sh foaymd,kslrkhg,laùu' fïl wms fldfyduo úi.kafka' tal tl wnsfhda.hla,xldfõ w ;a foaymd,k ixiald;shla" fldfyduo foaymd,k i,ld ne,sï j,ska f;drj" fmdÿ iïm;a idodrkj hqla;sh lshk uq, O¾u wkq.ukh lr,d" iudcfha Ôj;a jk ish iudc ;Sreka fj;.,dhk l%uhla yokakg wms fldhs wdldrhg o lghq;= lrkakfka lshk tl' oeka fï wnsfhda. ch.kakg wm kj foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dvke.sh hq;=j ;sfnkjd' kj foaymd,k ixiald;shla ks¾udkhùu lshk foa" hï hï ksyañ; fldkafoais u; ;uhs ;SrKh jkafka' kj foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dvk.kakg kï ta kj foaymd,k ixiald;sh f.dvke. Sug wjyh lrk" iqÿiqjk" ffk;sl yd

34 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ foaymd,k mßirhla ks¾udkh l<hq;=j ;sfnkjd' wêrdchjdè n,fõ. j,ska wmsg,d ;sfnk n,j;a woyila ;uhs cd;sh lshk ixl,amh' tl cd;shla tla rgla lshk ixl,amh' fukak fïflka Tíng.sys,a,d fld;rï ks¾udkys,sj ys;kakg mq jka o lshk ldrkh ;uhs,xldjg kj foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dvk.d.eksug wjyh lrk m<fjks fldkafoaish' uu lshkafka fuhska Tíng.sys,a,d ys;=fjd;a wmsg isoaofjk ldrkdj ;uhs rdch md,kh lshk l%shdj,sh fnod yod.;a l%shdj,shla njg mßj¾;jh lr.eksug ;sfhk wjyh;dj h' ta lshkafka rfü wdkavqlsífï l%shdj,shg fï rfü Ôj;afjk yeu ckj¾.hlg u" iudc lkavdhulg u iïnkaofjkakg" th fnod yod.kakg bvfok mßirhla ks¾udkh lr.eksu' wmsg mq jkalu ;sfnkakg fka flfia fyda fï wnsfhda.h ch.kakg' n,yjq,aldß;ajh f,dal w;aoelsï wdodr lr.kakg mq jka l%u folla.ek mq,aj i,ld n,kakg mq jka' tlla ;uhs f*vr,a wdkavq l%uhla f.dvk.d.eksu' f*vr,a fyj;a" ikaëh wdkavql%uhla f.dvk.d.ksoa " cd;sl jyfhka jeo.;afjk ldrkdj, uohu wdkavqjl=;a" m<d;anoj n,mdk iqúfyai ixiald;sl" wd.ñl yd wd¾ól ixj¾okuh l%shdj,shg wod<jk.eg ksrdlrkh lr.eksug ;j moao;shl=;a lshk n,yjq,aldß;aj rduqjla f.dvk.d.kak tl f,dalfha w;aoelsï j,ska.;yels tl l%uhla' ;j ;sfhkjd wvqfjka" wmsg yqremqreÿ ke;s l%uhla' tal ;uhs iuqy ix.; m%cd;ka;%jd l%uh' iuqy ix.; m%cd;ka;%jdè l%uhl fjkafka tla uohu wdkavqjla ;sfnkjd" ta uohu wdkavqfõ n,yjq,aldß;ajhla wêrdchjdè n,fõ. j,ska wmsg,d ;sfnk n,j;a woyila ;uhs cd;sh lshk ixl,amh' tl cd;shla tla rgla lshk ixl,amh' fukak fïflka Tíng.sys,a,d fld;rï ks¾udkys,sj ys;kakg mq jka o lshk ldrkh ;uhs,xldjg kj foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dvk.d.eksug wjyh lrk m<fjks fldkafoaish' ta ta ckfldgiaj,g,nd.kakg wksjd¾h ;;a;ajhka ks¾udkh lrkjd' WodyrKhla f,i,xldj.;fyd;a" ckdêm;sjrhd isxy,fhl= kï w.ue;sjrhd fou< cd;slfhla" l:dkdhljrhd uqia,sï cd;slfhl= lrkak mq jka' ta wh ta ta iudc lkavdhïj,g n,mdk fmdÿ ;SrKhka.ksoa " wksjd¾hfhkau tl fmdÿ ;SrKhl isákakg fka" ke;akï tlaflfkla yß úreoao jqfkd;a" tn ks;s mekùu j<lajk l%u yokakg mq jka' tn wdkavql%u ;sfnkjd f,dalfha b;du w;f,diaila' hï m%udkhlg j¾;udk ueisfvdkshdkq wdkavql%uh ta jf.a tlla' ta jf.a u ihsm%ifha hï m%udkhlg fï jf.a,laik ;sfnk wdkavql%uhla ;sfnkjd' b;ska uu l,amkd lrkafka" tlla ;uhs fï l%uhg jvd,xldfõ ;sfnk ixj¾ok.eg " úiu ixj¾okh" m%dfoaysh m%yakj,g m%dfoaysh úi ï fidhd.eksu j,lajd ;sfnk" tl flakaøhlg n,h ixflakaø.; l%uhg jvd iqÿiqhs wmsg f*vr,a wdkavql%u jhqyhlg hkakg mq jka kï' uu ta jf.au fhdackd lrkjd" ikaêh l%uh we;=f,a iuqy ix.; m%cd;ka;%jdos,laik we;=<;a lrkakg mq jkakï" tal wfma rfü hymd,khla w ;a ixiald;shlahla f.dvk.d.kakg fya;=ldrl fjkjd' WodyrKhla úèhg kef.kysr m<d;.;fyd;a" kef.kysr m<df;a fou<" uqia,sï iy isxy, ck;dj Ôj;afjkjd' wms uohfha n,h fnod.kakjd jf.au mßêfha we;s m%dfoaysh uügfï wdkavqj," m<d;a uügfï wdkavqj, n,hg ta ta ckjd¾.sl lkavdhïj,g iïnkaoúu' ta yjq,aùu wksjd¾h ;;a;ajhla úèhg mßj¾;kh lrkakg mq jka' foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dv k.kakg kï" fï fol.ek idokshj l,amkd l< hq;=j ;sfnk fudfyd;lhs wms fï bkafka' B <Õ ldrkdj" ke;akï uu olsk foa ;uhs jydu wfma iudcfha wdkavql%u jhjia:dj wkd.ñl jhjia:djla njg m;alr.kakg fka' wd.uhs foaymd,khhs lshk fol fjkalr,d olskakg mq jka uügulg wms hkakg fka' wd.u yd foaymd,kh lshkafka folla' wd.uhs foaymd,khhs tlg hkafka ke' foaymd,kh lshkafka f,!lsl ldrkdjla' ta ksid wd.fuka rdch uqojd.; hq;= h' lsisÿ wd.ulg úfyaifldg ie<lsula fkdlrk" wd.ñk jyfhka uohia: jhjia:djla ;uhs wmsg wjyh fjkafka' uu ys;kafka tal w ;a foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dv ke.sfï B <Õ uq,sl fldkafoaishla jkjd' B <. ldrkdj ;uhs wfma ksfhdack l%uh',xldfõ foaymd,k ixiald;sh fu;rï mßydkshlg.uka lrkakg wä;d,u jefgkafka" wms f;dard.;a fï ksfhdack l%uh lshk ldrkdj' uu lshkafka" i¾jck Pkao n,h lshk fohska woyia fjkjd ksfhdað;hska f;dard.eksug ;sfnk n,h fukau"

35 33 ksfhdað;fhlag f;aím;aùug ;sfnk whs;sh;a' oeka wfma rfü fj,d ;sfnkafka Èia;%slhlg ta ta foaymd,k mlaihlska bèßm;a lrkq,nk" iuyr fj,djg b;du iudc wm.dó l%shdj,ska uqo,a yïnlr.;a; ñksiqka" uerhska jf.a wh w;ßka tlaflfkla f;dard.kak' wms ta ta foaymd,k mlai j,ska kdufhdackd fok lkavdhï w;ßka tlaflfkla f;dard. kakg fka ;sfnkafka' Bg miafia oeka foaymd,k mlai;a" úfyaifhkau fï w ;a ue;sjrk l%uh ;=<" kdu fhdackd ndr fokúg n,kjd" fï mqoa.,hdg uq Èia;%slalhla mqrd ue;sjrkhla lsíug ;rï wd¾óluh Yla;shla ;sfhkjd o lsh,d' tal wksjd¾hfhkau i<ld n,k fldkafoaishla' t;fldg tjeks yelshdjla ke;s flfkl=g wo ue;sjrkhl bèßm;a fj,d" ksfhdað;fhla úèhg f;aím;afj,d ;u odhl;ajh fmdÿ iudc hym; fjkqfjka fokakg neß ksfhdack l%uhla ;uhs ks¾udkh fj,d ;sfnkafka' ta ksid ksfhdackl%%uh ms<sn w ;a foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dv k.oa jvd;a ixfõ j l,amkd l<hq;= ldrkdjla' wkqkaf.a mohg B <Õ ldrkdj" ke;akï uu úyajdilrk foa ;uhs Pkaofhka f;aím;a fkdjq" ñksiqkaf.a Pkao n,fhka fkdf;arekq lsisÿ flfkla md¾,sfïka;=fõ fkdisáh hq;=hs lshk tl' oeka u;hla ;sfhkjd" fï iudcfha foaymd,khg tkakg wleue;s kuq;a" iudcfha hula lrkakg leu;s lüáhg md¾,sfïka;=jg weú,a,d ks;s iïmdok l%shdj,shg odhl fjkakg wjia:djla fokakg cd;sl,ehsia;=j ;shd.kak fka lsh,d' uu lshkafka fï cd;sl,ehsia;=fjka md¾,sfïka;=jg wd whf. ka Th lshk fudl=;a fj,d ke' b;du m%dudksl W.;a wh md¾,sfïka;=jg wdjd' WodyrKhla úèhg kef. kysr m<d;.;fyd;a" kef.kysr m<df;a fou<" uqia,sï iy isxy, ck;dj Ôj;afjkjd' wms uohfha n,h fnod.kakjd jf.au mßêfha we;s m%dfoaysh uügfï wdkavqj," m<d;a uügfï wdkavqj, n,hg ta ta ckjd¾.sl lkavdhïj,g iïnkao ùu' ta yjq,aùu wksjd¾h ;;a;ajhla úèhg mßj¾;kh lrkakg mq jka' foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dv k.kakg kï" fï fol.ek idokshj l,amkd l< hq;=j ;sfnk fudfyd;lhs wms fï bkafka' ta W.;a;= wjidk jyfhka fiajh lr,d ;sfhkafka" ;ukaj ksfhdað;fhl= jyfhka f;aím;aùug wkq.%yh oelajq foaymd,k kdhl;ajfha mohg keàu' Tjqkaf.ka iudchla f,i wfmalaid lrk,o úo.ao foaymd,k idlépdjla fyda uyck;dj oekqj;a lsífï l%shdj,shla fyda tfyu fohla isÿfj,d ke' md¾,sfïka;=fõ újdoj, j;a" miq.sh ld,fha È m;ajq uydpd¾hjre" wdpd¾hjre iy m%dudksl ks;sfõ kaf.a idlépd n,k úg fmfkkafka b;du idudkh ñksiqkaf.a woyiaj,g;a jvd m,af,yd ;sfnk njhs' ta wh iuyr úg kdhlhdf.a lddr md,kh idodrkh lsíu i yd ;u oekqu mdúéñ lrmq tlla ;uhs wmsg miq.sh ld,dka;rfha u olskakg ;snqfka' ta ksid uu úyajdi lrkjd" ñksiqkaf.a Pkao n,h fkd,enq" Pkaofhka f;aím;a fkdjqkq lsisfjl= md¾,sfïka;=jg fkdheúh hq;=hs' yenehs md¾,sfïka;=jg hkakg wjyh flfkla isákjd kï ta whg hkakg wjyh lrk fndfydu idodrk úhoula or,d md¾,sfïka;=jg ksfhdað;fhl= f,i.sys,a,d lghq;= lsíug wjyh lrk myiqlï imhkak fka' thg ffk;sl úê úodk wksjd¾fhkau jhjia:dkql+,ju.;hq;=j ;sfnkjd' ta jf.au w ;a foaymd,k ixiald;shla f.dvk.kakg uu fhdackd lrk ;j tlla ;uhs" iudcfha w;syh nyq;rhla jk" wfma iudcfha wvlg jeähs ldka;dfjda' fï ldka;d ksfhdackh" ±ka wo l ldka;djka lshkafka" oaú;aj nrla Wru; ;ndf.k hk lkavdhula' idïm%odhl.dykshla f,i mjqf,a hq;=lu fukau mjqf,a wdodhï Wmhk fldgialdßhla njg m;a ù ;sfnkjd' fïl fï úèhg fjkia jqkdg wfma.dy Ôú;fhaa fldgia fnod.kakg wm ;ju mqreÿfj,d ke' ta ksid ldka;djkag hqla;sh" idodrk;ajh biag fjkakg kï uu lshkafka ldka;d ksfhdackhg Bg jvd jeä wjia:djla,n,d fok jhjia:dkql+, úêúodk jhjia:djg we;=,;a l< hq;=j ;sfnkjd' fujeks jhjia:dkql+, o¾ykhla imhkakg mq jkakï" uu lshkafka w ;a foaymd,k ixiald;shla ks¾udkh lr.kakg mq jka' yenehs w ;a foaymd,k ixiald;shla" kj jhjia:djla u; jyjyd wms ks¾udkh lr.;af;a ke;akï wms iudchla úèhg bèßfha uy;a wdmodjlg ;uhs uqyqk ug kshñ;j ;sfnkafka' ²

36 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ n,h fn u fyd hs m%dfhda.sl fya;= ksid th l< fkdyels hs ckjdß 8 fjksod b,a,sï foi ne,sfï lrekq ;=kla fmfkkakg ;snqks' fï iudch udkqislrkh lrkafka flfia o@ hkak m<uqjekak h' fldfydu o@ rdch m%cd;ka;%slrkh lrkafka iy fldfydu o@ ld¾hciu lrkafka hkak wksla lrekq fol fõ' ks;s{ Ysrd,a,la;s,l,xldfõ wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokh yeuodu foaymd,kh ;=< isrfõ' ±kq;a th cku; úpdrkh we;=f,a isrùug kshñ; h' fê' wd¾ chj¾ok uy;d 78 wdkavql%u jhjia:dj f.fkkúg md¾,sfïka;=fõ 2$3 n,hg wu;rj" j.ka;s.kkdjlg wod< ixfydaok cku; úpdrkhlg o hg;alr ;sfí' ta j.ka;s fjkia lrkafka kï wksjd¾hfhka u md¾,sfïka;=fõ 2$3g wu;rj cku; úpdrkhlg hdhq;= h' jhjia:d ixfydaokh wo cku; úpdrkhlska ch.kakg neßlula ke;' mj;skafka m%odk mlai fofla ind.hla jk neúka" ta wnsfhda.h Ndr.kakjd kï" iuyrúg th l<yel' kuq;a l,ayeßfhd;a" tal lsíu wudre jkakg mq jk' ta h:d¾:hg hg;aj ;uhs ud fï l:d lrkafka' ckjdß 8 fjksod b,a,sï foi ne,sfï lrekq ;=kla fmfkkakg ;snqks' fï iudch udkqislrkh lrkafka flfia o@ hkak m<uqjekak h' fldfydu o@ rdch m%cd;ka;%slrkh lrkafka iy fldfydu o@ ld¾hlaiu lrkafka hkak wksla lrekq fol fõ' tal;a iuõ isñ; khdh m;%hla fmrg weú;a ;snqks' tal

37 35 ;uhs úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;alrk tl' Pkao l%uh fjkia lsíu' Bg miq fldñika ind m;alsíu' f;dr;=re ±K.ekSfï mk;' úyd, u m%yakh yeáhg ud kï olskafka,xldfõ uq,h l<ukdlrkh h' talg wod,j Th ú.kl mk; f.k tau iy m%iïmdok fldñiu m;alsíu hkdèh ta khdh m;%hg wh;a h' ú.kl yd m%iïmdok fldñiu ±ka m;alr we;' jhjia:dodhlfha jevla Pkao l%uh fjkia fkdlr,xldfõ foaymd,k ixiald;sh fjkia l< fkdyel' n,h fnod.eksfï m%yakh yd tal lrkafka fldfydu o@ lshk ldrkh Bg wu;rj tl;=fõ' fï jhjia:d fjki iuia:hla f,i f.akjd o" fldgia f,i f.akjd o lshk tl foaymd,k Wmdh ud¾. ms<sn m%yakhls' fldgia jyfhka fï fjki lrkjd kï uu kï ys;kafka m%:ufhka u fjkia lrkakg fjkafka ckdêm;s l%uh yd Pkao l%uh fõ' ta fjki lrk wdldrh ;SrKh lsíu jhjia:dodhlfha jevls' fndfyda úg th ;SrKh jkafka wdkavqj fldmuk ÿrg ck;dj iuõ ióm j lghq;= lrkjd o hkak u; h' tys È jeo.;ajk m%odku foa ;uhs udi 6la ;=<,xldfõ wd¾ól ia:djr;ajh we;s lrkafka fldfyduo lshk tl' WoaOukh ke;s lr /lshd wjia:d jeä lrkafka fldfyduo lshk tl ;uhs th ;SrKh jkafka' fï jhjia:d fjkig úreoao jk md¾yjhka Èyd ne fjd;a" ta md¾yjhka ±kg hefmkafka idlair;djh ;snqk;a" ;d¾lsl fkdjk.%dóh isxy, fn!oao ñksiqka u; h' ta ;d¾lsl fkdjk ñksidg wdukak%kh lrk úu,a ùrjxy wdè lkavdhu fï ÿ.s foaymd,kh iuõ.eg.efikak mq jk' ta miq.dñ foaymd,kh ksial%sh lrkak wjyh h' ksyal%sh lrkak mq jka fjkafka m%.;sys,s f,i,xldfõ ÿmam;alu wvq lsífuks' túg ta i yd jk jevms<sfj, l=ula o lshk tl jeo.;a' fï iuia; l%shdj,sh ;=< jvd;a jeo.;a fjkafka yd wnsfhda.hg,lafjkafka n,h fn u ms<sn j ldrkh hs' wks;a tajd fldfydu;a lrkakg mq jk' ta ksid uu kï lshkafka wmsg ro¾ysj jev lrkjd kï Th n,h fn u lshk ldrkh úfyaihs' m%dfhda.slj.;fyd;a" n,h fn u lshk ldrkdj ±ka wmsg u. yßkakg mq jka ;ekl ke;' n,h fn fï l:dfõ wmg.uka ud¾. folla ;sfí' tlla ;uhs w ;a jhjia:djlg fkdhd" ;sfnk m<d;a ind l%uh Yla;su;a lrf.k bèßhg heu' w ;a jhjia:djlg hkak.shfyd;a meyeè,sju th fy%aiagdêlrkfha ;SrKhlg tfrysj heula fõ' ta lshkafka md¾,sfïka;=fõ 2$3g wu;rj cku; úpdrkhlg hkakg isÿfõ' cd;sjd kag isxy, fn!oao uki ta cku; úpdrkfha kej;;a IKh lsífï yelshdj we;' ta ksid mq¾k jhjia:d fjkila ;ju;a,xldjg fldmuk ÿrg WÑ;o lshk foaymd,ksl m%yakh ug ;sfí' tfyhska ud fhdackd lrkafka m<d;a ind Yla;su;a lsíu ;=<ska bèßhg heug h' m<d;a ind l%uh we;=f<kau Yla;su;a lrf.k bèßhg hd yels ta l%uh.ek ud óg fmr o,sh;sfí' fuys b;du jeo.;a fjkafka ol=fka isxy, iudcfha úyajdih Èkd.ekSu h' ol=fka isxy, iudch úyajdi lrkjd m<d;a ind l%uhla fjkaù hdug fodrgqjla nj' ±ka tfyu fkdys;kakg mq jka kuq;a tfyu ys;mq ld,hla ;snqks' kuq;a ±ka Bg tyd hk ku fohla fjkaù hdug fodrgqjla hehs is;d TjQyq jev lr;s' uu by; lshq.%dóh ;d¾lsl fkdjk ck;dj mukla fkdj",xldfõ W.;a hehs lshk isxy, fn!oao ck;dj t;k úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;alrk tl' Pkao l%uh fjkia lsíu' Bg miq fldñika ind m;alsíu' f;dr;=re ±k.eksfï mk;' úyd, u m%yakh yeáhg ud kï olskafka,xldfõ uq,h l<ukdlrkh h' talg wod<j Th ú.kk mk; f.k tau iy m%iïmdok fldñiu m;alsíu hkdèh ta khdh m;%hg wh;a h' ú.kk yd m%iïmdok fldñiu ±ka m;alr we;' bkafka o ta u;fhys h' th foaymd,kslj l<ukdlrkh lr.kakg wjyh ;;a;ajhls',ehsia;= ;=fka.eg j m<d;a ind l%uh wdfõ hï úèhl isfiaßhka ie;alulska nj wm wu;l fkdl< hq;= h' tjeks ie;alulska ìys fkdjqfka kï m<d;a ind l%uh wog;a ;sìh yelafla idlépd uügfï muks' ta ksid wms {dkdkaú; jkafka kï m<d;a ind l%uh ;=<u Yla;su;aj n,h fn u bèßhg f.khkakg mq jk' tl lrkafka flfia o lshk tl b;d jeo.;a' m<d;a ind l%uhg ±kg ;sfnk m%odk m%yakhla ;uhs,ehsia;= ;=klg n,h fnod ;sîu' tys iu.dó,ehsia;=fõ n,;, Ndú;d lsíug uohu rch m<d;a indjg bv fokafka ke;' mj;sk foaymd,k ia:djr;ajh yd ixys hdj

38 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ jdßud¾. úih yd ldisl¾u úih ms<sn j o we;af;a tjeks m%yakhls' ±ka jdßud¾. hgf;a jeõ kv;a;= lsíu yelshdj iïmq¾kfhka ;sfnkafka jdßud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j h' tajd md,kh jkafka uohu wdkavqfjks' iu.dñ,ehsia;=j;a ±ka uohu wdkavqfjka mdúéñ flf¾' fkdúêu;a tlõ;djhlg wkqj wjyh kï th m<d;a indjg fokakg neßlula ke;' ;ukaf.a úihka Tiafia m%{ma;s yokakg ta whg bvfokak mq jk' tfia lsíu W;=re- kef. kysrg mukla fkdj ol=kg;a jdish ls' ol=fka o ;sfnk m<d;a indj iqÿ w,sfhla lshk l:dj ta u.ska ke;sfõ' fhdodf.k m<d;a indjg iu.dñ,ehsia;=fõ n,;, mdúéñ lrkak u i yd uohu rch iy m<d;a indj w;r w,så;.súiqulg tkakg neßlula ke;' WodyrKlska fuys we;s jeo.;alu ug meyeè<s l< yel' W;=re-kef.kysr m%foayj, w;=re ffjoh fiajdfõ ysõhla ;sfí' m<d;a fi!lh wud;hdxyhla ;snqkdg yd W;=re m<df;a fi!lh úih thg wh;a jqjdg mqyqkqj uohu rcfha úihls' fi!lh mqyqkqj YslaIK frday,a iuõ iïnkao jk fyhska wr whg mqyqkq myiqlï o ;sfnkafka ù kuq;a ta m%foayj,ska fou< whÿïlrejka le jd ffjoh fiajlhska mqyqkq lsíug ks;suh m%;smdok ke;' wksla w;g ol=fka bkak w;=re ffjoh fiajlhska W;=rg hkakg o wleue;s h' W;=rg mukla fkdj fï ksid ol=fka m<d;a indj,g o w;=re ffjoh fiajlhska n jd.eksug fkdyels ù we;' ta ;;a;ajh ;=< fï m%yakh yeuodu tl u ;ek isr fõ' th jvd;au nrm;, f,i n,md ;sfnkafka Èia;%sla frday,aj,g h' my< ks,odíka wjyh kuq;a ks;s fkdue;s fyhska n jd.kakg fkdyel' Wjukdjla we;akï iy uohu rch bvfokjd kï iu.dó,ehsia;=j iïnkao mk;la wkqu;lr mqyqkq meie,la wdrïn lrkakg m<d;a indjg wjir fokakg mq jk' tfia lrkafka kï ±kg tys ;sfnk mqrmamdvq wmyiqjlska f;drj msrúh yel' jdßud¾. úih yd ldisl¾u úih ms<sn j o we;af;a tjeks m%yakhls' ±ka jdßud¾. hgf;a jeõ kv;a;= lsíu yelshdj iïmq¾kfhka ;sfnkafka jdßud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j h' tajd md,kh jkafka uohu wdkavqfjks' iu.dñ,ehsia;=j;a ±ka uohu wdkavqfjka mdúéñ flf¾' fkdúêu;a tlõ;djhlg wkqj wjyh kï th m<d;a indjg fokakg neßlula ke;' ;ukaf.a úihka Tiafia m%{dma;s yokakg ta whg bvfokak mq jk' tfia lsíu W;=re- kef.kysrg mukla fkdj ol=kg;a jdish ls' ol=fka o ;sfnk m<d;a indj iqÿ w,sfhla lshk l:dj ta u.ska ke;sfõ' m<d;a indj,g ;sfnk úyd,u m%yakh ;uhs uqo,a ke;slu' n,h fn u id¾:l fkdlrk n,j;au i;=rd jkafka uqo,a h' th,xldjg mukla fkdj n,h fn fï f,dalfha yeu ;eklgu fmdÿfõ ;sfnk m%yakhls' uohu rcfha uqo,a" uqo,a fldñiu úiska m<d;a indj,g jd¾islj fjka flf¾' uqo,a fjka flfrkafka ks¾kdhlhkag wkqj h' m<d;a indj,g m%odkhka flfrkafka m%;sudksl mokfuks' 13 fjks ixfydaokh hgf;a wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõu tl" fol" ;=k" y;r hkd wkqms<sfj,g m%;sudkhka we;' tys m<fjks tl ;uhs m<df;a ck.ykh' t;fldg m%:ufhkau uqo,a fnfokafka ck.yk wkqmd;hg wkqj h' ck.ykhg wkqj fnok úg niakdysr m<df;a ck.ykh wêl h' tfyhska niakdysr m<d;g jeä uqo,la ysñ fõ' W;=re m<df;a ck.ykh wvq fyhska tu m<d;g ysñfjkafka wvq uqo, ls' wksla jeo.;a ks¾kdhlh jkafka oßø;djfha úiu;djh hs' ta wdldrhgu ;j;a ks¾kdhlhka ;sfí' fï ksid ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ueèy;aùfuka wr m%;sudksl ks¾kdhl ms<sn j mq;sm;a;suh ;SrKhla.kakg wjyh h' ta wkqj m%uql;djhka u; m<d;a indj,g uqo,a m%udkh jeäl< yel' m<df;a n,;, msßjegqï nÿ whlsífï n,h ;snqfka m<d;a indjg h' miq.sh md¾,sfïka;=j mk;la u.ska msßjegqï nÿ whlr.eksfï n,h wfydais lf<a h' ±ka lrkafka uyd NdKavd.drh úyajdi lrk wdodhï YlH;djh u;" uqo,a fldgia jyfhka m<d;a ind j,g heùu h' tfyhska ±ka we;a; wdodhfï ilh;djh ieõù ;sfí' m<d;a indj,g ;ukaf.a we;a; ilh;djh y kdf.k ta u; l¾llr ;ukag,efnk mx.=j jeälr.; yel' tfia ke;akï msßjegqï nÿ whlr.eksfï n,h kej;;a m<d;a indj,g.;yel' 13 fjks ixfydaokfha 18fjks

39 37 j.ka;sh hgf;a ;sfnk úúo whnÿ whlreksfï l%ufõohka ±ka wl¾ukh h' ta i yd m<d;a ind úiska m%{dma;s ilia flfrkakg wjyh h' mukla m<d;a ind fï i yd m%{dma;s wkqu;lrf.k ;sfí' fï l%shdj,sh wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokhlska fumsg lrkakg mq jk' tfia lsíu ;=< tla me;a;lska m<d;a indj Yla;su;a fjk w;r u ta mksúvh ol=kg o ikaksfõokh fõ' B <.g flakaøfha n,h fnokakg yels o hkak ne,sh hq;= h' flakaøfha n,h fn u iïnkaofhka oaù uka;%k indjla m;al< yel' tfia ke;akï ckjdß 8,sheú,af,a ±kgu;a ;sfnk úodhl ldrl ind l%uh jeks foa j,ska th l< yel' uf.a u;h wkqj tjeks l%uj,ska ;uhs fï wyajhd fkarkackd.fõka mkakkakg yelsjkafka' bkaèhdjg iudka;rj wms ne fjd;a" bkaèhdfj;a 1947 isg 70 oylh fjk;=re ¾. ld,hla.shd tal id¾:l fjkakg' ta ld,h ;=< wjyh;djh wkqj mk; fyda wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ixfydaokh lf<a h' ueârdia m%dka;hg ÿka n,;,.ek wksl=;a øúv m%dka; úreoaoùu fyd WodyrKh ls' miqj th kej;;a NdId wkqj fnod fjkia lf<a h' wkak tjeks j¾ol" ke;skï mshjfrka mshjr hk t<uqulska ñi tljr wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ixfydaokh lr n,h fn ug yelshehs ud úyajdi lrkafka ke;' B <Õ m%yakh jkafka n,h fn u i yd jk foaymd,k ffo¾hhla ke;a o@ hkak h' foaymd,k leue;a; ;snqk;a" fmr lshq foaymd,k ;;a;ajh wkqj cku; úpdrkh iuõ th.eà nrm;, ;;a;ajhlg hkakg mq jk' ta ksid tlajru lrkak yels kï hym;a kuq;a ta W;aidyh wid¾:l úhyels njhs uf.a woyi' úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh iïnkaofhka l:d lrkafka kï uu ys;kafka fï jir 5 we;=<; th bj;a l< hq;= h' b;d úyd, cku;hlska miqj;a" w;a;fkdau;sl wêldßjd jev tfyka fufyka wmsg wikakg,efí' tajd ys;du;d lrk foaj,a fkdjk kuq;a ta n,h úiska flrk f;rmqu fya;= fldgf.k kej; kej;;a wmsg ;yjqre flfrkafka B <Õ ckdêm;sjrfhla fï rfü fkdisáh hq;=nj h' ±kg;a ;sfnk fhdackdj ;uhs" fï ckdêm;sjrhdf.ka miq B,Õ md¾,sfïka;=jg n,h mejíu' wjyhu kï mukla wmsg Pkaofhka w.ue;sjrfhla f;dard m;alr.; yel' flfia kuq;a w.ue;sjrhd md¾,sfïka;=jg j.lshk yd leìkü ukav,fha iduqysl j.lsug hg;a úh hq;= h' iïuq;s noao foaymd,khla ±kg ;sfnk fyhska fï md¾,sfïka;=fjka th lr.eksug neßfjk tlla ke;' fujeks md¾,sfïka;=jl tlõ;djhla yod.kakjdg jeäh tlõ;djh ks;e;skau isÿfõ' ta lshkafka leìkü ukav,hg bèßm;a lsíughs ks¾ns; úhhq;= jkafka' leìkü tlg j.lsu Ndrÿka miq hka;%h bfíu l%shd;aul fõ' Ôksjd fhdackdj talg fydou WodyrKh f,i ie<lsh yel' th wdrïn l< miq yeu fokdu talg wkq.; ù.uka lr;s' iïuq;s noao foaymd,kfha wre; jkafka thhs' yenehs th bèßhg hkafka ukao.dój h' ck 8 ck;dj bèßhg wdfõ úyd, n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla we;sjh' ta n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ta yeáfhkau bgqlsíug we;s wmyiqj ms<sn j Tjqkaj ±Kqj;a lsíu jeo.;a h' b;d m%cd;ka;%jdè il%sh ikaksfõokh ;=<hs th isÿúh hq;af;a' lrkakg yels yd l<fkdyels foa fudkjd o hkak ck;djg mejish hq;= h' lrkak neßfoa.ek fkdlshd isg wjidkfha fïl ne lshk tl fkdj" 13 fjks ixfydaokh hgf;a wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõu tl" fol" ;=k" y;r hkd wkqms<sfj,g m%;sudkhka we;' tys m<fjks tl ;uhs m<df;a ck.ykh' t;fldg m%:ufhkau uqo,a fnfokafka ck.yk wkqmd;hg wkqj h' ck.ykhg wkqj fnok úg niakdysr m<df;a ck.ykh wêl h' tfyhska niakdysr m<d;g jeä uqo,la ysñ fõ' W;=re m<df;a ck.ykh wvq fyhska tu m<d;g ysñfjkafka wvq uqo,ls' wksla jeo.;a ks¾kdhlh jkafka oßø;djfha úiu;djh hs' ta wdldrhgu ;j;a ks¾kdhlhka ;sfí' fï ksid ckdêm;sjrhdf.a ueèy;aùfuka wr m%;sudksl ks¾kdhl ms<sn j m%;sm;a;suh ;SrKhla.kakg wjyh h' ta wkqj m%uql;djhka u; m<d;a indj,g uqo,a m%udkh jeäl< yel'

40 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ wms fïl lrkak leue;s kuq;a fï fya;= ksid lr.kakg fkdyels nj b;du;a újd;j mejisuhs l<hq;af;a' cd;sl m%yakfha È n,h fn u ms<sn j ck;dj tlõ jkafka kï th l<yel' tfyhska n,h fn ug l%shd fkdlsíu ms<sn j md,lhdg fodia lsfuka M,la ke;' ck;dj ±Kqj;a lsífuka fuh l<yels njg o u;hla ;sfí' ±ka wmsg wjyh kï úyd, iïuka;%k iy fkdfhl=;a jev yryd ck;dj ±kqj;al< yel' kuq;a taflka u fï ld¾h flfrhs o@ 94 iy 2000 o wms fujeks ±kqj;aùï lf<uq' 2000 wjika fjkúg ;%ia; úfrdaê jhmdrh jeks jhdmdr f.dvke.=fka tajdfha m%;sm,hla f,ig h' tjeks foaj,ska u fï wnsfhda.h ch.; fkdyels nj ud mjikafka tfyhsks' wju t<uqulska fuh wdrïn l<fyd;a fï fudfydf;a m%dfhda.slj wähla ;eìh yel' ulaksido W;=f¾ ck;djf.a m%yakhg wj;srk fkdù jhjia:dj fjkia lrkakg o yelshdjla ke;' W;=f¾ m%yakh.ek l:d lsíug ol=k iqodkï ke;s nj mjid jhjia:dj ixfydaokh fkdlr bkak;a fkdyels h' wju ;eklska wdrïn lsíug ud fhdackd lrkafka fï ksid h' n,h fnok isudjka l=ula o@ hkak B <Õ nrm;, m%yakh fõ' fï iïnkaofhka 1971 isg fou< idudch ;ukaf.a jq úi ï,shú,a,la bèßm;a lr ke;' ±ka wms hkafka iajhx ks¾kh whs;shg idodrkhla bgqlrkakg h' iajhx ks¾kh whs;sh lshkafka foaymd,k ksoyi yd foaymd,k iudkd;au;d tl;=jg h',xldjg wod<j foaymd,k ksoyi yd foaymd,k idudkd;au;djh idlaid;a lrkak wjyh jkafka fudk jf.a jhqyhla o@,xldjg wod<j th idlaid;a lrkjd hehs lshk tfla cd;hka;r ñkqu jkafka wnhka;r iajhx;srk whs;sh fõ' túg ndysr iajhx;srk whs;sh fu;kg wod< jkafka ke;' tfyukï ;sfnkafka iyikaêh lshk úi u fkdfõ' wjidkhg úi u f,i b;sß ù ;sfnkafka ikaëh l%uh muks' fudk wdldrfha ikaêh jhqyhla o lshk t;k fmrg meñfka' tjeks idlépdjla ol=fkaj;a" W;=frj;a' wikakg ke;' tjeks idlépdjla i yd,shú,a,la bèßm;a l<d kï bèßm;a lf<a t,aààbh muks' t,aààbh iïmq¾kfhkau th mokï lr.;af;a iyikaëh hdka;%khla u;h' wo th lsisfia;au wod< jkafka ke;' b;sx tjeks ;;a;ajhla ;=<,xldfõ ljqre;a" wjyh f*vr,a o ke;a o hkqfjka mjikafka ke;' wvq.kfka nqoaêuh ;,fhaj;a" fudllao fok foaymd,ksl hdka;%kh" jhqyh iy l%shdmámdáh lshk tajd.ek idlépdjla flí ke;' úyd, msgq.kka,xldfõ ckjd¾.sl m%yakfha b;sydih.ek".súiqï.ek fmd;a,sheù we;s kuq;a tjeks,shú,a,la ke;' wjidk,shú,a, jkafka nkavdrkdhl fp,ajkdh.ï,shú,a, h' tfykï idlépd mgka.; hq;af;a ta,shú,a, u; h' fï wkqj m%yakhla ;sfhk kuq;a ish fokdu l:d lrkafk.=jfka isg h' flfia kuq;a ±ka jydu idlépd wdrïn l< hq;=h' fmrfuka ±ka idu ;hska hjkakg wjyh ke;' ckdêm;sjrhd" w.ue;sjrhd iy úmlai kdhljrhd isá;s' rdch jhqyh we;=f<a u idlépd fïih ie ;sfí' ±ka Th idu ;hska jeks ;=kajeks md¾yajhla ke;sj idlépd l< yel' ¾. ld,hla.shd fia ;j ld,hla hkak;a mq jk' ±ka W;=f¾ m<d;a indj l%shd;aul jk fyhska áflka ál bèßhg hd yel' ² flair flair ùèfhka isxyfhla yuq úh nhsisl,a frdaohla l=re fldagqjlska ;,a lrk isxyhd flair Tlafldau m,ila yokakg úl=kq isxyhd flair ùèfha m%s;sfhka weúèk.eyekqkag ú;rla f.drjk isxyhd flair ke;;an kl=gka nh l< isxyhd uqia,sï lfvka f,akaiqjla lkak k;r jqk isxyhd uia fydoao msg W.=f¾.sh wysxil isxyhd W! isxyhd ldxpkd wñ,dks

41 39 wkd.; iudc foaymd,k wnsu;d¾: ie,ls,a,g.ksuq westlondonwaste.gov.uk fchiag lóldpd¾h iajdñkdoka úu,a jd.a úohd wohkdxyh - hdmkh úyajúoh,h mj;sk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj furg iudc" wd¾òl yd foaymd,k ldrkdj,g fl;rïÿrg úi ï iemhsug odhl;ajh imhd ;sfío" úi ï iemhsug wfmdfydi;aù ;sfío hk ldrkh u; kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj u;= fõ' fndfyda ÿrg,xldfõ lsishï iudc fjkila we;s jkafka kï tls fjki we;sùu ms<sìuq jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj w f;ka iïmdokh lsíu Tiafia h' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla hkq tla;rd wdldrfhka iudchl yerjqï,ëhls' keu iudchl yerjqï,ëhlè fjkialï we;sfjk w;r tajd ks;hdkql+, iy m%dfhda.sl jkafka wdkavql%u jhia:djla u.sks',xldj jeks rgl fndfyda fofkl= wkavql%u jhjia:djla hkq foaymd,h lrk Woúhg fyda ks;s{hskaf.a jd;a;shg wod< ldrkhla f,i i<l;s' th mqrjeishkaf.a Ôú;j,g msáka we;s,shú,a,lafldg ols;s' kuqÿ ienej kï fm!oa., Ôú;fha mjd w;eï ldrkd iïnkaoj ;SrK,nd fokafka wdkavql%u

42 40 jhjia:dfjks' fï fya;=fldgf.k wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ms<sn j iudcfhys hï iú{dksl;ajhla we;slsíu ldf,dañ; fõ' tls iú{dksl;ajh fkdue;slu ksid ñksiqka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ms<sn lsisÿ ie<ls,a,la fkdolaj;s' hï ld,jljdkqjl ;snq iudc ;;ajh wdkavql%u jhjia:dj Tiafia ksremkh jk w;r jhia:dfõ úúo ixfydaok isÿùu Tiafia jhia:dj mj;sk iudchl fl;rï fjkialïj, Ndckh ù ;sfío hkak meyeè,s fõ' l%ñlj,nk iudch ixj¾okh fyda hï msßilf.a iudc wr.,hla fya;=fldgf.k jhia:djl ixfydaok isÿúh yels h' kj ld,mßéfþohlg,xldj msúisug kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj ;Èka n,mdhs' ¾> ld,skj ;snq hqoaofhkaa miq we;s jq fjkialï iuõ u furg iudch meñks.ufka hï ì ula fmkakqqï lrkq,nhs' hqoaofhka miq we;s jq fjkiaùï ;j ÿrg;a j¾okh lr.eksug yd wkd.; o¾ykhla iys; jevms<sfj,la we;slr.eksu wjyhkï ta i yd ffk;sl rduqjla we;slr u i yd wdkavql%u jhjia:djla jeo.;a fõ'wdkavql%u jhia:dj wkd.d; foaymd,k iudc wnsu;d¾:hka fudkjdo hkak u;;srkh úh hq;= h' túg mj;sk wdkavql%u jhhjia:dfjka bj;a l< hq;= oe" w f;ka tl;= l< hq;= oe fiau ;jÿrg;a j¾okh lr.; hq;= oe flfrys ie<ls,su;a úh yels h' hï iudc m%.ukhla i yd uq, mqrkafka kï wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ixfydaok lsíu fyda kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lsíu jeo.;a ldrkhls' wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yd tys j.ka;s mqrjeishdf.a j¾;udk ffoksl iy iudôh Ôú;h flfrys fl;rï n,mdkjdo hkak ms<sn mqrjeishd oekqj;a l< hq;= h' oekg wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ixfydaokhg n,meïlr ;sfnkafka fyda wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ we;eï ldrkd flfrys úfrdao;d u;=j ;sfnkafka iq ;r ck fldgiaj,sks' wdkavql%u jhjia:dj j¾okh lr.eksu i yd y`v ke.su iq ;rhla fkdjk ckhdf.a o j.lsuls' ukao Tjqkf.a m%yakj,g" iudc Ôú;j,g yd wkd.; b,lalhkag id¾:l úi ï,nd ug wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iu;a ù fkdue;'fï ksid wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yd tys jeo.;alu ms<sn jj wjfndaoh we;slr.eksu jeo.;a ldrkhls' mqrjeisfhla g ;u whs;sjdislï ms<sn oek.eksug yels jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj flfrys wjfndaofhka isákd ;rug muks' jhjia:dfõ isÿre yd mqrjeis wdl,am,xldfõ isák w;suy;a nyq;rh wdkavql%u jhjia:dj.ek ydkalúishl fohlaj;a fkdoks;s'jhjia:dj ms<sn j Tjqkaf.ka úuiq júg,efnkafka ksial%sh ms<s;=rls' Tjqka fndfydaa úg wdkavql%u jhjia:dj i yd fhdackdj,s f,i iudc m%yak bèßm;a lrhs'tys ñksiqka bèßm;a lrk m%yak fl;rïÿrg wdkavql%u jhjia:djg wod< hkak wjodkhg.; hq;= w;r wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ mej;s l=uk wvqmdvq ksid tjeks iudc m%yak we;s jqfkao hkak i<ld ne,su jeo.;a fõ' jhjia:dg we;=<;a úh hq;= j.ka;sh ljf¾oehs Tjqkag ksyañ;ju i yka l< fkdyels w;r Tjqkaf.a msvdjka.ek mejiq úg ta flfrys ie<ls,su;a úh yels h' wdkavql%u jhjia:dj lshjdf.k hk úg iq ;r ckhdg ta;a;=.ekafjk ldrkhla jkafka Tjqka fojeks mqrjeishka njhs' jhjia:dj fkdlshjk flfkl=g th tfia fkdoeksh yels h' fou< mqrjeisfhl= jqj o wdkavql%u jhjia:dj lshjd fkdue;s kï Wla; ldrkh fkdjegfya' mj;sk jhjia:dfõ fojk mßéfþofha zy%s,xld ckrch nqoaod. ug m%uqlia:dkh msßkukafka hz hkqfjka i yka fjhs' NdIdj iïnkaofhka zy%s,xldfõ rdch NdIdj isxy, NdIdj jkafka h' fou< o rdch NdIdj jkafka h'z hkqfjka i yka fjhs' fuu ldrkd jhjia:dfõ tfia i yka ùu.eg 2015 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ kj ld,mßéfþohlg,xldj msúisug kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj ;Èka n,mdhs' ¾> ld,skj ;snq hqoaofhkaa miq we;s jq fjkialï iuõ u furg iudch meñks.ufka hï ì ula fmkakqqï lrkq,nhs' hqoaofhka miq we;s jq fjkiaùï ;j ÿrg;a j¾okh lr.eksug yd wkd.; o¾ykhla iys; jevms<sfj,la we;slr.eksu wjyhkï ta i yd ffk;sl rduqjla we;slr u i yd wdkavql%u jhjia:djla jeo.;a fõ' iy.; h'zisxy, iy fou< rdch NdId jkafka hz hkqfjka i yka j ;snqkd kï th jvd;a WÑ; h' furg jhjia:dfõ ie<ls,su;au úh hq;= ldrkhla jkafka jhjia:dj wkd.ñlj (Secular) f.dv ke.suhs'nyqwd.ñl iudchla jk bkaoshdfõ wdkavql%u jhia:dj mjd f.dv k.d we;af;a wkd.ñlj h' tfia ùug iudc kdhlhka yeáhg wïfnâld¾ jeks whf.a odhl;ajh jeo.;a úh' wkd.ñl;ajh hkq kj ixl,amhla fkdjk w;r th merks wdkavql%u jhjia:dj, mjd i yka jqjls' w.dñl ldrkd jhjia:dfõ i yka ùu ksidu ckjd¾.sl O%eùlrKh yg.ks' isxy, fn!oao

43 41 ksoyiska miq rdch wkq.%h nqoaod.ug,eìfuka fndÿn, fiakd jeks ixúodk ìysùu Tiafia isxy, iudcfhys nqoaod.ug ;snq iqcd;ndjh yd.re;ajh wysñ úh' th jvd;a oeäj i<ld ne,sh hq;af;a iq ;r fou< ckhdg jvd isxy, ckhd h' wd.ug rdch wkq.%h,nd u" wjidkfha foaymd,k wjia:djdofha yia;hla njg m;aùu ms<sn wjodkh fhduq l< hq;= h' jeisfhl= mjd jhjia:dfjka ;u wd.u W;al¾Ihg kxjd ;sîu fya;=fldg f.k wkhd.ï ms<sn fjkia wdl,amhlska n,kakg fm<fuhs' wkhd.ï fjkia fldg i<lhs' tjeks j.ka;shla jhjia:dfõ i yka fkdjqfka kï tfia fkdùug bv ;snqks' fuh jeä jyfhka n,mdkafka o isxy, fn!oao iudchg h' ksoyiska miq rdch wkq.%h nqoaod.ug,eìfuka fndÿn, fiakd jeks ixúodk ìysùu Tiafia isxy, iudcfhys nqoaod.ug ;snq iqcd;ndjh yd.re;ajh wysñ úh' th jvd;a oeäj i,ld ne,sh hq;af;a iq ;r fou< ckhdg jvd isxy, ckhd h' wd.ug rdch wkq.%yh,nd u" wjidkfha foaymd,k wjia:djdofha yia;hla njg m;aùu ms<sn wjodkh fhduq l< hq;= h' cd;sjd woyia Tiafia hï ika;¾mkhla we;s l<d jqj o w;s;h foi ne,sfï tu.ska wmg jeä jyfhka,eî we;af;a krl mq¾jdo¾yhka h' wdishd;sl rgj, jhjia:d yeoeífï jeo.;alu wdkavql%u jhia:dfõ we;=<;a l< hq;= wfkl=;a j.ka;s ms<sn j o ie<ls,su;a úh hq;= h' úfyaifhka u wohdmk jeks ldrkdjka ys tys iajdëk;ajh wdrëd lrkafka flfia o ks;sh jeks oe jvd;a idodrkj f.dvk.d.kafka flfia o lshd iudc ixjdohlg Ndckh l< hq;= h' fï i yd wfkl=;a rgj, wdkavql%u jhjia:d.euqßka yeoeíu jeo.;a h',xldjg jvd yd;amiska u fjkia iudc mßirhla we;s rgj, wdkavql% jhjia:d u yeèßh hq;= fkdfõ'm<uqj wi,ajeis bkaèhdj" fkamd,h jeks wdishd;sl rgj, jhjia:d yeoeíu mjd jeo.;a h' ngysr rgj, we;sj ;sfnk iudc ixj¾okhka tu rgj, jhjia:djkag n,mdhs',xldj yd iudk iudc ixj¾okhla" iudc ;;ajhla we;s fjk rgj, we;shym;a wdkavvql%u jhia:d ms<sn fidhd ne,sh hq;= h' w f;ka jhia:dj ks¾udkh lsíu i yd fm<ö ;sfnk fkamd,h,xldfõ iudch ;;ajhg ÿria fkdjqjls' úfyaifhka bkaèhdfõ wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ks¾udkh ùu yd ta Tiafia we;sj ;sfnk fjkialï flfrys ie<ls,su;a úh hq;= h' tjeks ldrkd Tiafia h",xldfõ kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj i yd fjkilg hd hq;= jkafka' furg jhia:dj i yd cd;hka;r w;aoelsï,nd.eksfï iaafü%,shdj yd lekvdj jeks rgj, wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmq¾kfhka u wod< lr.; fkdyels h' tjeks rgj,a iy Y%S,xldfõ w;r we;s iudc ;;a;ajhka iudk fkdfõ' tu kssid jvd;a idoksh wdkavql%u jhjia:djla f.dvk.d.ekssug wdishdkq rgj, ;sfnk wdkavql%u jhjia:d yeoeíu u mjd iefya' iudc ixjdo we;s fkdùu Y%S,xld iudcfha isÿ jq fndfyda iudc w¾nqoj,ska miq taa ms<sn úêu;a ixjdohla w;sù fkdue;' jkafka isÿ jq foa ms<sn j tlsfklldg fodia mjrd.ekssu muks' 1989 cúmh uq,slj isÿ jq wr.,fhka miq mjd" tjeks wr., we;sùug iene fya;= úuid rdch uügñka ixjdohla we;sjù ke;' ;rek wiyk fldñiu jeks oe m;a l< o ine iudc ixjdohla we;s fkdúks' ;sia wjqreÿ hqoaofhka miq ;;ajh o tfia u h' tjeks ixjdo we;s jkafka ÈhqKq YsIagdpdr iudc miqìul muks' furg ieu.eg jla.ek u l;d jkafka th ue;sjrk l%shdj,sh iuõ fl;rï iïnkaojkjdo hk ldrkh wkqj muks'tfia u iudc ixjdo bfí yg fkd.kakd w;r tajd we;s l< hq;= h'tla;rd wkaoug iudc ixjdohla we;ss lsíu hïlsis msßila tl;=j lrk wr.,hls' hqo ld,sk w;aoelsï kj wdkavqql%u jhjia:djl wod< lr.kafka flfia o hkak rfü úoaj;a msßi úiska we;s l< hq;= jk w;r tajd ks;hdkql+, ;;ajhg f.k tau i yd W;aidyhla oeßh hq;= h' nqoaêu;a msßila jiska we;slrk ixjdofhka miq mek kef.k woyia m%dfhda. sl l%shdj,shlg f.k tau foaymd,k wêldßh úiska l< hq;= fohls' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ks¾udkh úfï ;u Ôú;h ;SrKh lrk j.ka;s tys i yka jkafka flfiaoehs mqrjeishd wksjd¾hfhka u oek.; hq;= h' ta i yd jvd;a úêu;a ixjdohla we;s úh hq;=jd fia u fujeks úihka úêu;a wohdmk rgdjg tl;= ù orejkag yeoeíug wjldy ysñúh hq;= h' wdkavql%u jhia:dj hkq ks;s{hkaf.a fyda foaymd{hskaf.a /lshdj iïnkao fohla fkdj" mqrjeishdg wod<" Tjkaf.a whs;skag iïnkao fohla nj.ïuügñka oekqj;a l< hq;= h' ^ixjdohla weiqfrka ieliqks&

44 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ kj jhjia:djla Digital aerial view of the structure of the 1987 constitution, highlighting devolution to provincial councils. Constitutional research and information by Asanga Welikala, architectural rendition by Channa Daswatte. wdpd¾h wix. je,sl, kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj Y%S,xldfõ foaymd,kh ;=< kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj jvd;a ;on, tlls' tfia fkdjkafka kï jvd;a nrm;, wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaok lsmhl wjyh;dj u;=j ;sfí' 2015 j¾ifha furg ue;sjrk folla mej;s w;r bka uy ue;sjrkfhka ch.%ykh lrk,o hymd,kh i yd jk tlai;a cd;sl fmruqk ^UNFGG& ;=ka jk ck rc jhjia:djlg hk nj iy th md¾,sfïka;=fõ flgqïm;a lr cku; úpdrkhla Tiafia ck;djg bèßm;a lrk njg fmdfrdkaÿjla ;sfí' fï,shuk f.dv kef. kafka o tls Wml,akh u; msysgd h' Tjqkaf.a m%;sm;a;s m%ldykfha kj jhjia:dfjys wka;¾.; úh hq;= fmdfrdkaÿ lsmhla i yka fõ' uq,sl whsjdislï mßéfþohla iy wdkavql%u jhjia:d wêlrkhla ia:dmkh lrk nj o ue;sjrk l%uh fjkia lrñka ñy% ue;sjrk l%uhlg hk nj o i yka fõ' úfyaifhka u tlsh rdch we;=<; yels ;rï n,h úuoh.; lrk njg o fmdfrdkaÿ ù ;sfí' fou< we;= wfkl=;a iq ;r ck;djf.a b,a,suls n,h

45 43 úuoh.; lsíu hkak' ta iïnkaofhka talsh rdchla ;=< n,h úuoh.; lsífï kj úi ulg hk nj Tjqka mjid we;' óg wu;rj,xldjg kj jhjia:djla wjyh jkafka wehs±hs ldrkd lsmhla Tiafia idlépd l< yels h' Y%S,xld rdch m%cd;ka;%shlrkh lsíu iïnkaofhka úyd, ixfydaok lsmhla wjyhj we;s w;r th ld,hla ;siafia l;d nyg,la jqjls' úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh Tiafia n,h uoh.; lsíu uõska m%cd;ka;%jdoh iïnkaofhka úyd, m%yakhla u;=j ;sfí' Bg wu;rj wm rfü foaymd,k ixiald;sh" wdh;khkays wl%ñl;d ;sîu" md¾,sfïka;=j" wêlrkh jeks wdh;k Yla;su;a l< hq;=ùu" iajdëk fldñika ind Yla;su;a líu jeks ldrkd flfrys wjodkh fhduq úh hq;= w;r hï;dla ÿlrg 19 jeks ixfydaokh Tiafia fuls ldrkd bgq ù we;s uq;a ;jÿrg;a isÿlr.; hq;= oe we;' uq,sl whs;sjdislï mßéfþoh Yla;su;a lsíu iy wêlrkhg jvd;a m%n, N+ñldjla,dnd u Tiafia m%cd;ka;%jdoh" jhjia:djdoh ^Constitutionlism& yd ks;sfha wdêm;h wd ish,a, jvd Yla;su;a lsíu iïnkaofhka 19 jeks ixfydaofha hym;a oe isÿ úh' fï ish,a, fyd u wdldrfhka isÿ l< yelafla kj jhjia:djlska njg ;¾lhla bèßm;a l< yels h' Y%S,xldfõ m%cd;ka;%jdoh iïnkaofhka we;s wdh;k jhqyh Yla;su;a lsíu i yd kj hymd,k wdkavql%uhla ia:dmkh lsíu i yd kj jhjia:djl wjyh;dj mj;sk nj uq,ska u i yka hq;= h' fojk m%odk ldrkh f,i" ;sia wjqreÿ hqoaohla wjika j ;snqko tu hqoaofhka miq ;;ajhg foaymd,k úi ula,nd ug mej;s wdkavqjg lsisÿ Wjukdjla fkdù h' W;=re kefõkysr fou< ck;djf.a wns,dihka bgq lsíu iïnkaofhka n,h úuoh.; lsíu i yd ;ju;a ksis jevms<sfj,la fkdue;' n,h úuoh.;a lsíu iïnkaofhka ol=fka ck;djg.eg mej;sh jqj o fuh isÿ l< hq;a;ls' 2015ka miq fï ;sia wjqreÿ hqoaohla wjika j ;snqko tu hqoaofhka miq ;;ajhg foaymd,k úi ula,nd ug mej;s wdkavqjg lsisÿ Wjukdjla fkdù h' W;=re kefõkysr fou< ck;djf.a wns,dihka bgq lsíu iïnkaofhka n,h úuoh.; lsíu i yd ;ju;a ksis jevms<sfj,la fkdue;' ldrkh ms<sn idlépd lsífï 2015 ue;sjrk foflysou iq cd;skaf.a iyh fkd,enqfka kï ffu;%smd, isßfiak ckdêm;s;=ukag fyda rks,a úl%uisxy w.ue;s;=ukag n,h ysñ fkdfõ' m%;sixialrkjdoh ^reformism& i yd m%n,j iq ;r ckfldgiays iyfhda.h,eî ;sfí' úfyaifhka u ckdêm;sjrkfha ;ukag,efnkafka fudkjd±hs fkd;ld iq ckhdf.a iyfhda.h hymd,khg,eî ;sfí' fï ksid fou< ckhdf.a foaymd,k wns,dyhka flfrys ie<ls,su;a fjñka idodrk úi ula,nd u j;auka md,lhskag we;s iodpdrd;aul hq;=luls' uyue;sjrkfha hdmkh m%foayfha wka;jd u;jdo bèßm;a lrk fou< foaymd,k lkavdhïj,ska fou< cd;sl ikaodkhg ±ä wnsfhda.hla t,a, úh' kuq;a fou< cd;sl ikaodkh h tu wnsfhda.hg id¾:lj uqyqk ÿkafka h' fou< ;%ia;jdoh yd fnÿïjdoh hqoaofhka 2009 È merÿk;a W;=re kef. kysr fou< ckhdg iajhx md,khla,nd.eksu i yd hï wfmaëdjla we;s nj fmfka' 13 jk wdkavql%ufhka m<d;a ind Tiafia f.dv keõ=kq hï lsis wdh;k jhqyhla mej;s uq;a tys fkdfhla.eg mj;sk nj uqidjla fkdfõ' th ;ju;a ksjerèj l%shd;aul lr fkdue;' flfia uq;a n,h úuoh.; lsíu l=uk ;eklska fyda wdrïn l< hq;= w;r 13 jeks jhjia:dj;a ie<ls,a,g.ksñka hym;a oe ;nd.ksñka" tl;= l< hq;= fyd oe tl;= lrñka Y%S,xldfõ fn!ñl wlkav;djhg yd talsh;ajg ydks fkdjk whqßka n,h úuoh.; lsífï l%u fõohla kj wkdvql%u jhjia:djg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' 13 jhjia:d ixfydaokh fndfyda fofkla 13 jk wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ we;s hym;a.=kdx. ms<sn j l;d fkdlrhs' úfyaifhka u fou< më fuh m%;sfëam l< w;r ol=fka,sn¾,a jdèyq o th m%;sfëm l<y' 13 ys jvd;a idoksh,ëk we;s w;r mj;skafka th jvd;a fyd ka l%shd;aul lsífï.eg jls' tfia u jvd whym;a foaj,a fuys we;=<;a j we;' ksoiqkla f,i iu.dó,ehsia;=j ±laúh yelsh' th bx.%sisfhka Con Corrent Power f,i ye kaúh yels h' uohu wdkavqj yd m<d;a indj tl;= fjñka l%shd;aul l< hq;= n,;,,ehsia;=jls"

46 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ tys we;af;a' kuq;a ksrka;rfhka uohu wdkavqj m<d;a indj,g ÿka n,;, Wÿrd.ekSug lghq;= l<d úkd m<d;a ind iuõ tl;=j iyfhda.fhka lghq;= fkdlf<a h' fujeks.eg lsmhla we;' wdkavqldrjrhd i;= m%n, n,;, m%udkhla ;sîuo ;j;a.eg jls' tu n,;, yeu wjia:djlu Ndú; l< wdldrh o wm ±l we;' hï wjia:dj, we;eï lghq;= i yd Tyqg ±ä n;, ;sîfï jrola fkdue;' wdkavqldrjrhd hkq ckdêm;s úiska m;a lrk ks,odßfhl= jk w;r Tyqf.a n,;, ksrka;rfhka wksis f,i Nú; fkdúh hq;= h' ffoksl md,k lghq;= i yd m%cd;ka;%jd l%uhla Tiafia ue;sjrkhlska m;aj wd uy weu;s m%uql weu;s ukav,hla m<d;a indj, we;' Tjqkag ysñj ;sfnk n,;, j,g wkqj idudkh lghq;= lrf.k heu i yd wjldy,ndèh hq;=jk w;r tfia fkdùu o ;j;a.eg jls' fuh wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ we;s.eg jla fkdfõ' foaymd,k ixiald;sfha we;s.eg jls' wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ meye,sj m<d;a indjkag n,;,,nd ;snqko uohu wdkavqj yeu úgu m<d;a indjkag w; fmdjñka n, meï lrhs' th wms l,la ;siafia w;aolsk ldrkhla nj wuq;=fjka i yka l< hq;= fkdfõ' fl;rï fyd ka wdkavql%u jhjia:d ilia jqjo tajd l%shd;aul ùfï foaymd,k ixiald;sh tfia kï lrk lsisÿ l%shdjlska M,la fkdfõ' ta ksid mj;sk foaymd,k ixiald;sh fjkia lsífuys,d o wfmf.a wjodkh fhduq úh hq;= h' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ilia lsífï jeo.;au ldrkla jkqfha fmdÿ iudc l;sldjla f.dv keõsuhs' bèßfha kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla,sheú,a,lg.eksu mukla fkdj wdkavqlrkh yd foaymd,kh lrk wdldrfha o fjkila we;s l< hq;=h hk ldrkh iïnkaofhka mq,a iudc l;sldjla we;s úh hq;= h' wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ilia úh hq;af;a 1948 jhjia:dj m%n+ uüáuka f.dv ckdêm;sjrkfha ;ukag,efnkafka fudkjd±hs fkd;ld iq ckhdf.a iyfhda.h hymd,khg,eî ;sfí' fï ksid fou< ckhdf.a foaymd,k wns,dihka flfrys ie<ls,su;a fjñka idodrk úi ula,nd u j;auka md,lhskag we;s iodpdrd;aul hq;=luls' ke.=k tlls' tu jhjia:dj ã'tia' fiakdkdhl" T,sj¾.=K;s,l iy whsfjda fcksxia hk ;sfokdf.a ueèy;a ùfuka f.dv ke.=kq w;r ì%;dkhfha nelsïyeï ud<s.h yd md¾,sfïka;=j Tiafia wm rgg,enqks' isxy," fou<" uqia,sï hk lsisÿ Y%S,dxlsl mqrjeisfhl= thg iynd.s fkdjqy' uyck iynd.s;ajh iïnkaofhka tys úyd,.eg j;a u;= fõ' 1972 ck rchla ùu iïnkaofhka fyd wjia:djla,enqks' tu jhjia:dj ks¾udkh lsíu i yd jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,h wjqreÿ folla ;siafia jdo újdo l<d jqj o isÿ jqfha 2$3 l nyq;rhla,enqk tla mëhl Wjukdj u; jhjia:dj ilia lr.eksuhs' úfyaifhkau fou< ck;djf.a whs;sjdislï yd wns,dihkag hï wldrhlskaj;a tys wjia:dj fkd,eîu fya;=jks" ;sia wjqreÿ hqoaohla i yd hï wdldrhlska fyda iudcfha bv m%ia:dj ilia jqfha' 1978 jhjia:dj iliaùfï o isÿ jqfha tjekakls' tyso 5$6 l n,hla tlai;a cd;sl mëhg,enqk w;r ckdêm;s l%uh we;=<;a lrñka Tjqkag Wjkukd wldrhg jhjia:dj ilia flreks' fuys wmg fmfkkafka furg foaymd,k l%shdj,sfhys jhjia:d ilia úh hq;= wdldrh" foaymd,kh isÿ úh hq;= wdldrh ms<sn j mqrjeis iynd.s;ajh fyda mq,a iudc l;sldj;la lsisu Èkl isÿ fkdù we;s njhs' b;sydifha furg fndfyda ue;sjrkj, ch.%kh fyda mrdch isÿj we;af;a isxy," fou<" uqia,sï wd jd¾. sl;ajh u; mokïj h' 2015 mej;s ue;sjrk foflysèu tls ;;ajh fndfyda f,i fjkia úh' tys isxy," fou<" uqia,sï ish,af,da u tl;=j wdkavql%u m%;sixialrk iy kj foaymd,k ixiald;shla fjkqfjka fmks isgk wfmaëlhskag Pkaoh,nd ÿkay' fuh ft;sydisl fudfyd;ls' ish mqrjeishka Y%S,dxlslhka jyfhka m%cd;ka;%jdoh /l.eksug" wdkavql%u m%;siaxialrk we;slr.rksug ck rchla yeáhg lghq;= lrñka foaymd,k jákdlï" hymd,kh m%uql;ajfhys,d lghq;= l<y' tys jd¾.sl wkkh;djhka hg.sh w;r Wla; ldrkd biau;= úh' hymd,kh hkakg úúo w¾:l;k ;sìh yelsuq;a th foaymd,k jákdlï Tiafia f.dv ke.=kq foaymd,k woyils' kj jhjia:djla flgqïm;a lsíu

47 45 i yd kj md¾,sfïka;=j ckjrula,nd we;s w;r kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ksjerè wdldrfhka f.dv keõsh hq;= h' miq.sh ue;sjrkj, wfma foaymd,k jáklï ms<sn iudc cd, fjí wvú ;=< úyd, ixjdohla we;s jq w;r th hym;a ;;ajhls' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iliaùfï o uyck woyia ta i yd,nd.eksu i yd mq,a jev ms<sfj,la ilia úh hq;= h' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ jhqyh kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ iels,a, ms<sn ixjdohla we;súh hq;= h' úfyaifhka u fuysos úodhl n,h wfydais lsíu flfrys wjodkh fhduq l< hq;= w;r n,;, fnosfï isoaodka;h we;=<;a úh hq;= h' wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ W;a;Í;rNdjh wka;¾.; l< hq;= w;r wdkavql%u jhjia:djg mgyeks ish oe md¾,sfïka;=fõ nyq;rhlska fyda ckdêm;s n,;, uõska fyd bj;a lr rfü W;a;Í;r u ks;sh wdkavql%u jhjia:dj njg m;a l< hq;= h' b;sydifha wdkavql%u jhia:djg Tífnka.sh wjia:d wm w;a±l we;' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djg we;=<;a úh hq;= foaymd,k wdld;sh ms<sn ie<els,su;a ùfï jhjia:dodhlg j. jk úodhlhla iys; md¾,sfïka;= wdld;shla ;sîu jvd;a WÑ; hehs yefõa' wjqreÿ 35lg jeä ld,hla ;siafia úodhl ckdêm;s l%ufha m%;s úmdl wms w;aú w;r 19 jk jhjia:d ixfydaokh Tiafia tys w;eï jeä n,;, bj;a flreks' we;efula w¾o ckdêm;s l%uhla iys; wdld;shla WÑ; nj i yka lrhs' 19 jeks ixfydaokfhka miq wmg ;sfnkafka tjeks jhjia:djls' ckdêm;sg hï ld¾h Ndrhla we;s w;r w.ue;s iy leìkï ukav,h o mfilska we;' tys úodhlg folg fn we;s w;r fï l%uh jvd;a WÑ; nj we;euqkaf.a woyi fõ' flfia fj;;a úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh hkq iïmq¾kfhka u bj;a l< hq;a;ls' w¾o ckdêm;s l%uh kef.ysr hqfrdamfha;a" wm%sldfõ;a",;ska weußldkq rgj,;a b;sydifha furg fndfyda ue;sjrkj, ch.%kh fyda mrdch isÿj we;af;a isxy," fou<" uqia,sï wd jd¾.sl;ajh u; mokïj h' 2015 mej;s ue;sjrk foflysèu tls ;;ajh fndfyda f,i fjkia úh' tys isxy," fou<" uqia,sï ish,af,da u tl;=j wdkavql%u m%;sixialrk iy kj foaymd,k ixiald;shla fjkqfjka fmks isgk wfmaëlhskag Pkaoh,nd ÿkay' we;s w;r th b;d wjq,a úhjq,a iys; l%uhls' furg w;a±lsu o m%ixid lghq;= fkdõ' 2001 pkaøsld ue;skshg ckdêm;s Oqrh ysñj ;snq w;r tcdmhg md¾,sfïka;=fõ nyq;rh ysñj ;snqks' mej;s oaú;aj ckjru ksis mßè l<ukdlrkh lr.eksu i yd wjeis foaymd,k ixiald;shla wmg fkdùh' ±ka mj;sk ;;ajh wkqj isßfiak ckdêm;s ;=uka yd tcdmh w;r ±kg.eg jla fkdue;s jqj o ;j;a wjqreÿ fol ;=klska fï ;;ajh iïmq¾kfhka u fjkiaùug o neß ke;' bèß uyue;sjrkl m%odk më fol ;rõldí ue;sjrkhlg t<eöfï ±kg mj;sk iyfhda. sl;ajh ;j ÿrg;a mj;súoehs ksyañ;ju i yka l< fkdyels h' túg wdkavqj ì jeàug o mq jk' tu ksid mej;s leìkü wdkavql%uhg wm hd hq;= h' tys ckdêm;sjrhdg l=uk n,;, ;snqk o Tyq yeu úgu tls n,;, l%shd;aul lrkafka w.ue;s yd leìkü ukav,fha Wmfoia yd wkque;sh we;sg wkqj h' tls l%uh kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djg we;=<;a lrkafka kï ckdêm;s l%uh md¾,sfïka;= l%uhla njg m;a fõ' tfia u wkjyhdldrfhka n,h uoh.; lsífï.eg jla mj;s' n,h fnodyßkafka flfiao hk ldrkh flfrys o ie<ls,su;a úh hq;= h' W;=re kefõkysr fou< ckhdg n,h fn u yd Tjqkaf.a lghq;= lr.eksu iïnkaofhka foaymd,k wns,dihla mj;s' th ol=fka m<d;a indjkaf.ao wfmaëdjhs' úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh Tiafia m<d;a ind iïnkaofhka flfrkq w;eï l%shdldrlïj, Tjqka o n,h úuoh.; lrkakehs b,aæ wjia:djka wms w;a ±l we;af;uq' n,h uoh.;lrk ixiald;sh Kkaj, mej;s l%uhls' fï ksid n,h úuoh.; lsífï ±ä wjyh;dj mj;s' b;d,sh" ì%;dkh" cmdkh yd ol=kq wm%sldj hkq jhqyd;aulj.;a úg talsh rdchka fõ' kuq;a tu rgj, m%n, f,i n,h úuoh.;lr ;sfí' th m%cd;ka;%jdoh yd j.ùu jvd;a hym;a j isÿj we;s wjia:djka h' fou< ckhdf.a m%yakhg

48 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ úi ula,nd u i ydu mukla fkdj Bg;a mq,a w¾:fhka neæ l, n,h úuoh.;lsíu iïnkaofhka jvd;a Yla;su;a ;¾lhla bèßm;a l< yels h' flkahdkq mq¾jdo¾y flkahdkq jhjia:d iïmdok w;a±lsu Tiafia wmg bf.k.; yels oe fndfyda h' tu jhjia:dfõ yrh iy wka;¾.;h mukla fkdj jhjia:dj f.dvkeõsfï l%shdj,sh iïnkaofhka o mq¾jdo¾y imhd.; yels h' jhjia:dfõ wka;¾.; ldrkd iïnkaofhka jvd;a il%sh uyck iynd.s;ajhla Tiafia mq,a újd; iudc ixjdohlska miqjh" tu jhjia:dj f.dv keõs ;sfnkafka' idudkhfhka md¾,sfïk;=j Tiafia jhjia:dj f.dke.sfï l%shdj,sh isÿjk w;r fy%aiagdêlrkhg bèßm;a lsífuka wk;=rej cku; úpdrkhla uõska fyda md¾,sfïka;=j iïu; lsífuka miqj jhjia:dj f.dvkef.a' idudkh l%shdj,sh tfia jqj;a jhjia:d iïmdok m%dfhda. sl l%shdj,sfha uyck iynd.s;ajh wksjd¾h fõ' flkahdkq jhjia:d iïmdok l%ufõofhka tls mq¾jdo¾yh wmg,nd.; yelsh' flkahdj hkq fmdfydi;a ngysr rgla fkdj w;r Y%S,xldjg;a jvd my< uügulska ixj¾okh jk wm%sldkq rgls' tjeks rglg mqrjeis iynd.s;ajfhka hq;=j jvd;a hym;a whqßka jhjia:dj ks¾udkh lr.; yels kï wmg th wisre fkdúh hq;= h' foaymd,k ixj¾okh yd m%cd;ka;%jdos.=kdx. w;ska.;a l, Y%S,xldj flkahdjg jvd by< uügul we;' furg È.= m%cd;ka;%jd foaymd,k b;sydihla we;s rgla ksidfjka l,ska jhjia:d iïmdokhka is wdldrhg jvd hym;a whqßka furjr jhjia:d iïmdok l%shdj,sh isÿ úh hq;= h' jhjia:dodhl ukav,hla Tiafia jhjia:dj ks¾udkh jqjfyd;a 1972 jhjia:d iïmdok l%shdj,sh isÿ jqfha ksfhdack m%cd;ka;%jdoh Tiafia 2001 pkaøsld ue;skshg ckdêm;s Oqrh ysñj ;snq w;r tcdmhg md¾,sfïka;=fõ nyq;rh ysñj ;snqks' mej;s oaú;aj ckjru ksis mßè l<ukdlrkh lr.eksu i yd wjeis foaymd,k ixiald;shla wmg fkdùh' uyck ksfhdackaf.a ueèy;a ùfuks' tu ld,hg wkqj tls l%ufõoh jvd;a hym;a úh yels h' kuq;a wjqreÿ 40g muk miq jhjia:d iïmdok l%shdj,sh jvd;a m%cd;ka;%jd iy újd; úh hq;= h' jhjia:d iïmdok ukav,hla fyda md¾,sfïka;=j Tiafia fï l%shdj,sh isÿ úh hq;= h' ta i yd fjk;a l%ufõohla fkdue;' uyckhdg jhjia:dj,súh fkdyels h' kuq;a mqrjeishkaf.a iynd.s;ajh" woyia yd fhdackd,nd.eksu iïnkaofhka l%ufõohla f.dv keõsh hq;= h' th isú,a iudch Tiafia l< yels h' md¾,sfïka;=fõ nyq;rh we;af;a wdkavqjg jk w;r kj jhjia:dj i yd flgqïm;a ilia jkafka wdkavqfõ wdh;k uõsks' tu wdh;k flgqïm;a lrk fhdackd ksjerèj bèßm;a lrñka" mqrjeishdg woyia yd fhdackd bèßm;a lsíug;a" ixjdo lsíug;a wjyh ld,h,nd u wd ldrkd úfyaifhka u wjodkhg,la l< hq;= h',xldfõ isák keu mqrjeishl=f.a woyia yd fhdackd,nd.eksug md¾,sfïka;=jg fyda jhjia:d iïmdodl ukav,hg ksyañ; ld¾hd,hla ;sìh hq;= h' tfia u mqrjeishkaf.a,nd. kakd woyia yd fhdackd jhjia:djg wod< ud¾;dld hgf;a j¾. lrñka f.dkq lsíug ksyañ; úêu;a l%ufõohla ilia úh hq;= h' miqj tu woyia md¾,sfïka;=fõ fyda jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,fha újdoj,g.; hq;= h' Ôj;aùfï whs;sh Ôj;aùfï whs;sh" ish u fldñika ind Yla;su;a lsíu" uq,h fldñi u iajdëk lsíu" ue;sjrk fldñiu mq,a lsíu yd më wdnhka;r m%cd;ka;%jdoh wd ldrkd flfrys kj jhjia:d iïmdokfha wjodkh fhduq l< hq;= h' fuys wjodrkh l< hq;= jeo.;au wx.h jkafka uq,sl whs;sjdislï mßéfþoh w f;ka u we;=<;a lsíuhs' ta i yd wka;¾.; l< hq;af;a fudkjdo hkak ;ju;a m%yakd¾:hls' 2000 j¾ifha pkaøsld ue;skshf.a ueèy;aùfuka f.dvke.=kq jhjia:d flgqïmf;a uq,sl whs;sjdislï ms<sn jvd;a fyd mßéfþohla we;' Bg wu;rj wêlrk wud;hxyh Tiafia úoaj;a ukav,hla úiska iïmdokh lr.;a hym;a flgqïm;la o we;' tjeks flgqïm;a kj jhjia:dfõ uq,sl whs;sjdislï mßéfþoh f.dv ke.sug odhl lr.; yels h' wka;¾cd;sl jyfhka ms<s.kakd udkjysñlï uq,o¾u

49 47 oyhla we;' isú,a yd foaymd,k uq,sl whs;sjdislï m%{ma;sh iuõ,xldj ne we;' tls cd;hka;r m%ñ;skag wkql+,j úhyels uq,sl whs;sjdislï mßéfþohla kj jhjia:djg we;=<;a l< hq;= h' cd;hka;r m%{ma;skag tyd.sh wm rgg.e,fmk ldrkd o wjyhkï we;=<;a lr.; yels h' tfia u f;dr;=re ±k.eksfï whs;sh uq,sl whs;shla f,i 19 jeks ixfydaokhg we;=<;a flßks' f;dr;=re ±k.eksfï mk; iy ú.kk mk; bèßm;a ùug kshñ; w;r tajd jvd;a hym;a foaj,a fõ' úfyaifhka u md¾,sfïka;=j jvd;a Yla;su;a lsíu i yd ia:djr ksfhda. ixfydaokh lsíu Tiafia l< yels lrkd lsmhls' tys lñgq l%uh fjkia lrkafka flfiao hk ixjdoh jeo.;a ;ekla.eks' ±kg ;sfnk lñgq l%uh Tiafia kshudldrfhka md¾,sfïka;=j ksíëkhg Ndckh fkdfõ' f;aíï ldrl lñgq iy ksíëk lñgq we;af;a wdkavqjg iyfhda.h ±laùug fkdj wdkavqj ksíëkh lsíug yd wdkavqj j.lsug,la lsíu i yd h' tu lñgq l%uh o fjkila l< yels w;r ta i yd jvd hym;a fhdackd isú,a iudch yd md¾,sfïk;=j ;=< ±kgu;a ilia ù ;sfí' kj md¾,sfïka;=fõ jvd;a fyd md¾,sfïk;= uy f,alïjrhl= isák w;r úh hq;af;a fudkjd±hs Tyqg wjfndaohla we;' md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< isÿúh hq;= m%;sixialrkhka i yd t;=ukag iyfhda.h,efí hehs wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w;r md¾,sfïka;= mqia;ld,h ksis whqßka Ndú; lrñka m¾fhaik l%ufõo mq,a l< hq;= h' md¾,sfïka;= lghq;= remjdysksh Tiafia úldykh lsíu o hym;a m%jk;djhls' Y%S,dxlsSh cd;sl;ajhla Y%S,dxlsl hk woyi myapd;a ksoyia jljdkqj ;=< bkaèhdj fuka id¾:lj wmg f.dvkõd.; fkdyels úh' isxy, nyq;rjdoh" Bg tfrysj fou< cd;sjdoh wd úyd, m%yak furg mj;s' tlai;a tl;uq;= foayhla f,i isxy, fou< ixiald;sl wkkh;d fndfydauhla wmg ;sfí' tajd úkdy l< hq;= fkdfõ' nyqúojdoh iq/ flk mßè by< foaymd,k uügñka Y%S,dxlsl wkkh;djla we;slr.; yels kï" th kj jhjia:dfõ isÿ úh hq;= m%odk ldrkhls' úúo ixiald;ska" úúo ck lkavdhï tla rgl jdih lsíu Tiafia f.dv kef.k nyqúojdoh rgg Yla;shls' tls ixiald;sl úúo;ajh wmg wjyhh h' úúo wkkh;djhka iqrës; lr.ksñka Y%S,dxlsl hkak ks¾jpkh lsífï wnsfhda.hla o kj jhjia:djg ke;sjd fkdfõ' kj jhjia:dj Tiafia furg ft;sydisl hq.hla ia:dms; jk w;r w;s;fha krl w;a±lsïj,ska mdvï bf.k f.k jvd;a hym;a uq,o¾u iys;j Y%S,dxlsl hkak ks¾jpkh lsífï iy m%ldyh lsífï ldrkh o kj jhjia:djg we;=<;a úh hq;= h' ^ialhsma ud¾.fhka l< ixjdohla Tiafia ieliqks'& ;s;a; isks fvdair weúèka.x oef,a ilauka lr Wv me,a,nq leg ;,,d oukd iqkalr l;d wefihs isks rig yßhg iqkaor wmaméñf. mmqfõ hg weúf,hs.skaor ;, uqx ue jejq fldrgq.skafka weúf,kd Wla o`vq o,k fmd<fõ iqÿ wä weúèkd lïy, ÿï frdgqj k.s hfll=f.a fjia f.kd fmd<j flgq Wo ;f,a uq,af,a ;ksfjkd wgqfõ ke;sj ù l=ryx mjq,u yduf;a f.fjkjdg f.jkjd h hka;ï Ôúf;a isks yok fldïmekshu ke<fjhs óúf;a ;s;a;hs uq ixidfru meks ri flda mqf;a''' ofòf.dv ðkodi

50 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾.eg fõ yrh wduka;%kh l< yels jhjia:djla frdydka tèßisxy frdydka tèßisxy uy;d 1986 isg 2011 olajd fld<u úyaj úohd,fha wdkavql%u jhjia:d ks;sh ms<sn lóldpd¾hjrhl= f,i fiajh lf<a h' 2011 isg 2014 olajd Tyq tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixj¾ok jevigyfkys fiajh l< w;r ^UNDP& fkamd,fha wdkavql%u jhjia:d iyh jevigyfka m%odkshd f,i o wdkavql%u jhjia:d.eg ms<sn j tys tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixj¾ok jevigyfkys WmfoaYlhl= f,i o lghq;= lf<a h' 2015 ñhkaudrfha wdkavql%u jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhka ms<sn j WmfoaYlhl= f,i o lghq;= fldg w;s Tyq úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøfha ^CPA& wohëjrhl= o fõ' 1977 jif¾ fê'wd¾' chj¾ok m%:u úodhl ckdêm;s OQrfha Èjqreï fok wjia:dj m%fõyh kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj lrekq lsmhla Tiafia idlépd l< yels h'm<uq ldrkh" 1978 wdkavql%u jhjia:dj uq,sl jyfhka wxy lsysmhlskau le,e,ajqjls' fuu wdkavql%u jhjia:dj mlai.%dys,shú,a,ls' th rfü ish foaymd,k ls%hdldí fldgia úiska lsis Èfkl ienúkau ms<s.kakd,o tlla fkdùh' foñ< m%cdj yd iq ;r m%cdjka o wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ienúkau ms<s.;af;a ke;' tfyhska wmg YS%,xldfõ mj;sk foaymd,k fn u isidrd fukau úúo m%cdjka isidrd jvd mq,a uügul ms<s.eksula ;sfnk kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyh h' fojk ldrkh jkafka fuu wdkavql%u jhjia:dj W;a;Í;r tlla fkdjkafkah hkak h' wdkavql%u jhjia:djla hkqfjka woyia jkafka th rfü W;a;Í;r ks;sh jk nj h' tfy;a YS%,xldfõ 1978 wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjys o 1972 jhjia:dfõ jq mßoafokau wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ W;a;Í;r Ndjh ì ouk fndfyda úêúodk wvx.= ù ;sfí' ulaksid o h;a tajd md¾,sfïka;=fõ W;a;Í;r Ndjh ms<sn úl,am o¾ykh u; mokïj we;s tajd jk ksid h' tfyhska ksoiqka f,i md¾,sfïka;=j ks;shla mkjk úg ks;sh ms<sn wdkavql%u jhjia:duh újrkhla fkdue;s ksid mqrjeisfhl=g ks;sfha wdkavql%u jhjia:d úfrdaëndjh iïnkaofhka wnsfhda. lrkakg fkdyels h' fuh fkamd,fha" bkaèhdfõ" ol=kq wms%ldfõ yd fndfyda rgj, mj;sk

51 49 YS%,xldfõ ckjd¾.sl.eg j hg.eíj ;sfnk fya;+kag wduka;%kh lrkakd jq wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wmg wjyh hehs yefõa' wm isákafka myapd;a hqo ;;a;ajhl ñi myapd;a.egqï ;;a;ajhl fkdfõ' wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjys wdkavql%u jhjia:djdofha m<uq uq,o¾uj,g tfrysj hk wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ W;a;Í;r Ndjhg ydks muqkqjk úê úodk ;=kla wvx.= jk w;r tys m%;sm,hla jyfhka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ienúkau rfü W;a;Í;r ks;sh njg m;a fkdfõ' th mlai.%dys,shú,a,la fõ' th W;a;Í;r Ndjhla i,ikafka ke;' f;jkqj wfma wdkavql%u jhjia:dj h,a mek.sh tlls' 1978 isg f,dalh iïmodkh lsíug wod< kq;k j¾okhka wka;¾.; lsíu i yd wdkavql%u jhjia:dj fjkia lsífï wjyh;djla ;sfí' isõjkqj YS%,xldfõ ckjd¾.sl.eg j hg.eíj ;sfnk fya;+kag wduka;%kh lrkakd jq wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wmg wjyh hehs yefõa' wm isákafka myapd;a hqo ;;a;ajhl ñi myapd;a.egqï ;;a;ajhl fkdfõ' ue; ue;sjrkj, oñ< ck;dj uohia:;dj i yd Pkaoh ;sfí' Tjqka wmg iïmq¾kfhkau w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyh jk w;r miq. sh ue;sjrkfha tcdmh kdhl;ajh ÿka ikaodkh mukla fkdj fjk;a úúo mlai ^cúfm iy oñ< cd;sl ikaodkh we;= j& ;=kajk ckrc wdkavql%u jhjia:djla y kajd ug fmdfrdkaÿ úh' tfiau wmg m<uqjk yd fojk ckrc wdkavql%u jhjia:djj, jerèj,ska bf.k.kakd ;=kajk ckrc wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyh h' mqrd - uohu yd kef.kysr iajhx ;SrKh ms<sn udj; tfy;a YS%,xldfõ fkdue;s f,dalfha ms<s.;a Ndú;hls' ks;shla iïu; jq úfgl mqrjeishdg tu ks;sh jhjia:d úfrdaë hhs ;¾l lsífï whs;shla fkdue;' wfma wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ 16 jk jhjia:dj mj;sk ish ks;s tajd wdkavql%u jhjia:djg wkql+, úh yels jqj o j,x.= njg m;a lrhs' fuh o wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ W;a;Í;r Ndjhg ydks muqkqjhs' tfiau wfma wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ienúkau jhjia:d úfrdaë ks;s iïu; l< yelafla flfia o hkak md¾,sfïka;=jg lshd fohs' tf,i 1978 hqfrdamfha" wms%ldfõ yd,;ska wefußldfõ kj wdkavql%u jhjia:d ishhlg jvd jeä.kkla iïu; lrkq,en ;sfí' wdkavql%u jhjia:djl ;sìh hq;af;a fudkjd o" wdkavql%u jhjia:djl uq,sl wx. úh hq;af;a fudkjd o hkakg wod<j ±ka fyd u cd;hka;r Ndú;hla ;sfí' ol=kq wms%ldfõ wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yd flkahdfõ wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iïu; lr ;sfnkafka jvd;a ue; h' woyia,nd.eksug wmg tajd foi ne,sh yels h' tajd wmg YS%,dxlSh h:d¾:hg.e,fmk fia iliafldg Wmfhda.S lr.kakg yels h' tf,i wdkavql%u jhjia:d.;a oñ< cd;sljd mlai m%;slafiam lr ;sfí' Tjqka uohia:;djg Pkaoh ÿkafka oñ< cd;sl ikaodkh foñ< ck;djf.a idodrk wns,dihkag wduka;%kh lrk kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla YS%,xldjg,efnkq we;s njg fmdfrdkaÿ jq ksid h' tfiau cd;sh f.dv ke.sfï wruqk i yd o YS%,xldjg kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyh hhs uu l,amkd lrñ' jeo.;au lrek jkqfha 1978 wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ixfydaokh lsíu t;rï m%udkj;a ke;' 1978 wdkavql%u jhjia:dj uq,o¾óh jyfhka ta id fodai iy.; jk ksid jhjia:d iïmdok l%shdj,sh kj jhjia:dj ks¾udkh lsífï ls%hdj,sh ms<sn j flakaøsh wjodkh fhduq lrk ksid fuh jeo.;a tlls' YS%,xldfõ fndfyda fokd yrhd;aul wka;¾.;h ms<sn j l;d lr;s' wmg ckdêm;s l%uhla ;sìh hq;= o" wmg ñy% iudkqmd;sl l%uhla ;sìh hq;= o hkqfjka l;d lr;s' tkuq;a ls%hdj,sh o tf,iu jeo.;a h' ula ksid o ;ukaf.a wdrlaidj i yd wdkavql%u jhjia:djla flgqïm;a lrk ck;dj wdkavqjg o n,fha hï ksyañ; m%udkhla Èh hq;= ksid iy tla w¾:hlska.;a l, ck;dj,shú,a,la

52 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ flgqïm;a lrkafka thska Tjqkaj wkd.;fha md,kh ùug kshñ; ksid neúks' tfyhska wdkavql%u jhjia:djla iïmdokh lsífï ck;dj ueèy;a ùu b;d jeo.;a h' m%dfhda.slj fuh lrkafka flfia wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdok ls%hdj,sfha ck;djf.a f;dardm;a lrk,o ksfhdað;hskag N+ñldjla ksremkhg bv foñka Tjqka w;r ;=,khla we;s lr.eksu wjyh hhs uu is;ñ' tfiau ls%hdj,shg ;dlaiksl úfyai{;dj f.k wd yels úfyai{hska isàu iy;sl lsíu o wjyh h' ;=kajkqj ck;dj o tf,i ueèy;a lr.; hq;= h' tf,i foaymd,k{hska" úfyai{hska wjidkfha iïu; lrk,o 19 ixfydaokh uq,.eiü lrk,o yd fy%aiagdêlrkh úiska úu¾ykh lrk,o 19 jk ixfydaokhg b;d fjkia tlla jqfha h hk lrek iïmq¾kfhkau wi;=gqodhl hhs uu is;ñ' wfma foaymd,lfhda iqcd; ls%hdj,shla i yd jk wjyh;djg b;du;au wixfõ ùfï keñhdjla olaj;s' ud fï iïnkaofhka b;du;a ie,ls,su;a jk w;r wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdok ls%hdj,sh ms<sn ;SrK.ekSug fmr isú,a iudc lkavdhï kj jhjia:dj ks¾udkh lsífï ls%hdj,sh ms<sn j idlépdj wdrïn lsíu b;d jeo.;a h' 1970 ue;sjrkfha ck;dj úiska cku; úpdrkhla u.ska wkqu; lrkq,eîu o wjyh fõ' th mru - wjidk flgqïm;hs' tfy;a wnsfhda.h jkafka Bg fmr úfyai{hskag yd ck;djg flgqïm; ilia lsífï wjia:djla iy;sl lsíuhs' wdkavqj úúo úl,am i,ld n,ñka isák nj uu úyajdi lrñ' thska tlla jkafka md¾,sfïka;=jla úèhg /iajk úg Ndú; lrk ia:djr ksfhda. isudjka iuyrlska ksoyiaj Tjqkag foaj,a idlépd lrkakg yels jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla jyfhka md¾,sfïka;=j / ia ùu h' tfiau wdkavqj ;dlaiksl fhojqï yd úfyai{;dj iemhsug iu;a yd uyck;dj iu." isú,a wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ;kslru wdkavqjla úiska ilia lrk,o,shú,a,la f,i fkdfmksh hq;= h' th tl`.;dj u; mokï jq,shú,a,la úh hq;= yd úreoao md¾yajh fukau rfü úúo ckjd¾.sl lkavdhï wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ wka;¾.;hg odhlùu iy;sl lsíu msksi iqúfyai W;aidyhla ±ßh hq;=h' yd ck;dj hk ish iu.s fmruqk jhjia:d iudch iu. iïnkaëlrk md¾yajhka wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla msysgq ls%hdj,sfha wdodr lsíu o iïmdok ls%hdj,sfha os odhl ùug ck;djf.ka jrula l< yels úfyai{hskaf.ka lr.; hq;=j ;sfí' tfiau wm fuu lkavdhï ;=kgu ueèy;a ùug bvlv i,ik ls%hdj,shla ixj¾okh l< hq;=j ;sfí' 19 fjks ixfydaokh iïu; lr.kakd,o wdldrh uf.a u;hg wkqj wmjdod;aulh( md¾,sfïka;=fõ /iajq foaymd,{hska wka;su ñks;a;=fõ we;slr.;a ish wdldrfha.kq fokq yd tl`.;d ms<sn lrek" iy b,a,d isáfha h' fujekakla miq.sh ue;sjrk wjia:dfõ lf<a ke;' tfyhska jhjia:d iïmdol ukav, udè,sh fï wjia:dfõ ls%hd;aul l< fkdyels h' ta wkqj 1978 wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjys olajd we;s jhjia:d ixfydaok mámdá wm wkq.ukh lsíu o wdkavql%u jhjia:dj wjidkfha md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;=fkka foll Pkaohla u.ska iïu; lsíu o bka wk;=rej iukaú; wdkavql%u jhjia:d fldñiula msysgq ùu h' fldñiug tys iuqoafoay fldkafoaisj, fldgila f,i uy ck;dj iu. ld¾hhkays kshe,sfï yd uyck wohdmkhg wdodr lsífï úfyai j.lsula ;sfnkjd we;' md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,h jyfhka / iafjk yd jhjia:d fldñiu kñka ye kafjk" uyck woyia úuisï mej;aúh yels" ;dlaiksl úfyai{;dj bèßm;a l< yels tfiau jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hg tys fhdackd yd ks¾foay bèßm;a l< yels fjku iajdëk ukav,hla ;sfnk tu udè,sh b;du;au m%dfhda. sl tlla úh yels hhs uu is;ñ' tfy;a wjidkfha ud lshq mßè ls%hdj,sh 1978 wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ

53 51 úêúodk iu. mj;ajd f.k hd hq;=j ;sfí' tf,i jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hg mk;la- wdkavql%u jhjia:d flgqïm;l ie,iaula- fhdackd l< yels h' kuq;a th wjidkfha md¾,sfïka;=j úiska wkqu; l< hq;=j ;sfí' fuh wdkavql%u jhjia:djla iïu; lsífï mrudo¾ys l%uh fkdfõ' tfy;a j;auka ksyañ; foaymd,k h:d¾:h hgf;a yd 2015 wf.daia;= ue;sjrkfha 1972 fuka w;sf¾l jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla msysgq ùu i yd ck;djf.ka,nd.;a jrula fkdue;af;a h hk ksyañ; ldrkh hgf;a fuh bèßhg hdfï u.la úh yels h' kj jhjia:dfõ wka;¾.;h uu ±kgu;a fï ms<sn ì la wohhkh lr we;af;ñ' w;syh uq,sl ldrkh jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj W;a;Í;r úh hq;= nj yd md¾,sfïka;=j" ckdêm;s Oqrh we;= wfkla ieu wdh;khlau wdkavql%u jhjia:djg hg;a úh hq;= h hkak h' wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ;kslru wdkavqjla úiska ilia lrk,o,shú,a,la f,i fkdfmksh hq;= h' th tl`.;dj u; mokï jq,shú,a,la úh hq;= yd úreoao md¾yajh fukau rfü úúo ckjd¾.sl lkavdhï wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ wka;¾.;hg odhlùu iy;sl lsíu msksi iqúfyai W;aidyhla ±ßh hq;=h' ;j;a wjodlh fhduq l< hq;a;la jkafka kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj 1978 yd 1972 jerèj,ska bf.k.; hq;=h hkak h' 78 wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjys we;s uq,sl m%yakh jkafka wêl;r n,hla tla wdh;khla jgd tkï ckdêm;sjrhd fj; ixflakaøkh lrkq,eîu hs' 72 wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjys ÿ¾j,;dj jqfha wêl;r n,hla tla wdh;khla fj; tkï cd;sl rdch indj fj; ixflakaøkh lrkq,eîu h' uf.a woyi wkqj ixjrkhkaf.a yd ;=,khkaf.a M,odhS l%uhla ;sìh hq;= h' b;d uoh.; yd OQrdj,Suh tlla jk YS%,xlSh foaymd,k ixiald;shg wvq lrk,o n,;, iys;j mjd ckdêm;s l%uhla ;sîu wfhda.h h' wmg 1946 yd 1972 w;r ;snqkd jeks m%;sixialrkh lrk,o md¾,sfïka;= úodhl udè,shlg hdu jvd fyd jkq we;ehs uu is;ñ' ta wkqj uu úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh iïmq¾kfhka wfydais lsíug mlai fjñ' flaj, Pkao fldügdi l%uh iy iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh taldnoao lrk ñy% ue;sjrk l%uhlg uu mlai fjñ' tfiau 20 jk ixfydaokfhys fhdackd lrk,o ñy% l%uh iu. uu tl`. fkdfjñ' wmg iqÿiq jkafka c¾uksfha" kjis,ka;fha yd iafldü,ka;fha ls%hd;auljk ñy% uka;s% iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh ^MMP& f,i y kajkq,nk cd;hka;r jyfhka ms<ss.;a l%uhla u; mokïjk ñy% l%uhla úh hq;= hhs uu is;ñ' miq.sh jir lsysmh mqrd YS%,xldfõ wêlrkfha iajdëk;ajh fnfyúka msvdjg m;aj ;sfnk w;r fy%aiagdêlrk úksiqrejka bj;a lsíug md¾,sfïka;=jg bv fok 1978 jhjia:duh úêúodk b;du;au wfhda.h h' tfyhska wmg wêlrkfha iajdëk;ajh wdrlaid lsíug j.ka;sj, uq,sl m%;sixialrkhla wjyh h' wmg wdkavql%u jhjia:djg wod< ish ldrkd" wdkavql%u jhjia:duh w¾: ksremk" uq,sl whs;sjdislï kvq" n,h fn u yd iïnkao kvq iïnkaofhka lghq;= lsíug fjku jhjia:dodhl wêlrkhla ;sîu jvd;a iqÿiq h' jhjia:dodhl indfõ leìkü weu;sjreka isák wdldrfha ixhq;shla thg iqÿiq fkdfõ hhs uu is;ñ' fï iïnkaoj wm 17 jk ixfydaokh fj; wdmiq hdu yd tjeks ixhq;shla we;s lr.eksu wjyh h' tfukau 19 jk ixfydaokhg fjkialï lsíu o wjyh úh yels h' whs;sjdislï mk;" uq,sl whs;sjdislï yd ksoyi ms<sn mßéfþoh cd;hka;r m%ñ;skag jvd my< uügul mj;s' isú,a yd foaymd,k whs;sjdislïj,g wu;rj whs;sjdislï mk; u; isudjka mekùug wdkavqfõ úodhl YdLdjg wisre lrk" isud lsífï j.ka;shla ;sfnk wm olsk wd¾ól" iudc yd ixiald;sl whs;sjdislï y kajd fok yd tfiau n,d;aul lsífï hdka;%kh jvd;a ld¾h idoksh lrk iïmq¾k w ;a whs;sjdislï mk;la ;sîu wmg wjyh h' wo yïnkaf;dg mqrjeisfhl=g uq,sl whs;sjdislï fm;aiula f.dkq lsíug wjyh kï Tyq fyda weh fld<ug meñksh hq;=j ;sfí' uq,sl whs;sjdislï ms<sn wêlrk n,h uydêlrkj,g Èh hq;= hhs o wk;=rej fy%aiagdêlrkhg wnshdpkhla bèßm;a lsíug bv ;sìh hq;= hhs o uu is;ñ' ta wdldrhg hqla;shg we;s m%fõyh m%j¾okh lsífï o tfiau uq,sl whs;sjdislï kvqj, hg;a msßfihska tla wnshdpkhlaj;a iy;sl lr.eksfï

54 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ wjia:dj" o,efí' wo wmg uq,sl whs;sjdislï kvqjl wnshdpkhla lsífï wjia:dj ke;' tf,i fjkia lsíug wjyh foaj,a fndfyduhla ;sfnk nj o wdkavql%u jhjia:djg wkql+, fkdjkafkah hk moku hgf;a keu wjia:djl ks;shg wnsfhda. lsíug yelsjk fia ks;slrkhka wfmalaid lrkakg isÿjk w;r zzwms oñ< h" ke;fyd;a isxy, h" tfia;a ke;fyd;a uqia,sï h lshd wu;l l< hq;= h' wms ish fokdu YS%,dxlslhska jyfhka is;uqzz h os lshd lshkakg neß h' th fyd woyila úh yels kuq;a kq;k ikao¾nh ;=< th h:d¾:j;a fkdjk yd m%dfhda.sl fkdjk woyils' wdldrfhka wms th lsíug W;aidy l< hq;af;uq' tf,i wkkh;dj tljr iaór lsíu yd blauùu wjyh flfrk w;r wdkavql%u jhjia:djg mukla ;ksj fuh lrkakg neß h' th ufkda úys; wdl,amhls' th lrkakg wm wohdmkh iu. ls%hd l< hq;=j ;sfí" wm m%cdjka isidrd jvd hym;a wm l< hq;=j ;sfnk foh jkafka úfyais; wkkh;djla ms<s.kakd" oñ<ndjh" uqia,sï Ndjh fyda isxy, Ndjh ms<s.kakd yd f.!rjhg md;% lrk tmukla fkdj ta w;ru ms<sn wêlrk úu¾ykh kej; y kajd u wjyhj ;sfnk njo lsjyelsh' Wla; ldrkd foi n,k úg mj;sk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ixfydaokh lsíu lsisfia;au m%udkj;a fkdfõ' wmg iïmq¾k jyfhka kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyh h' Y%S,dxlsl wkkh;dj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjka u Y%S,dxlsl wkkh;dj we;s lsíu jeo.;a h' tfiau ckjd¾.sl.egqfï jir fndfyda.kklg miq ±ka th lsíu b;du;a ÿialr ld¾hhls' fuh wnsfhda.d;aul ldrkhls' ula ksid o ksoyi,eîfuka miq tiekska wm,dxlsl fyda YS%,dxlsl wkkh;djla ixj¾okh lr.eksug wiu;a jqfha h hk ldrkh ksid ckjd¾.sl ú{dkh yd wd.ñl ú{dkh odyhudk ùug mgka.;af;a h' ±ka th bj; ±óu tfyhska wm l< hq;=j ;sfnk foh jkafka úfyais; wkkh;djla ms<s.kakd" oñ<ndjh" uqia,sï Ndjh fyda isxy, Ndjh ms<s.kakd yd f.!rjhg md;% lrk tamukla fkdj ta w;ru th blaujd hk yd ish,a, je<.kakd YS%,dxlSh wkkh;djla ks¾udkh lsíug W;aidy lrk wdkavql%u jhjia:djla we;s lr.eksu h' wm folu l< hq;=j ;sfnk w;r th b;d ÿialr jkafka h' tfy;a fuu woyi fk,aika uekafv,d foaÿkq cd;sh ^Rainbow Nation& ms<sn woyi.ek l;d lsífï Tyq úiska ol=kq wms%ldjg ks¾foay lrk,o woyils' hful= foaÿkakla foi n,kafka kï ieu fjkia j¾khlau ms<s. kq,efí' w.h lrkq,efí' tfy;a ta w;ru th iuia;fha tl fldgila jk w;r wo YS%,xldfjys YS%,dxlSh wkkh;djla ks¾udkh lrk wjfndaohla we;s lsíug lghq;= l< hq;=j ;sfí' tfia jqj o wdkavql%u jhjia:djg iaórju th lrkakg Woõ lsíug yels w;r th fhdao wnsfhda.hkaf.ka tlla fõ' tfia kï wm jvd wka;¾.%yksh wdldrhlska YS%,xldj h<s ks¾jpkh lrkafka flfia o@ tfiau fuh ol=kq wm%sldfõ mukla ;snqk wnsfhda. hla fkdfõ' ud wjqreÿ y;rla fiajh l< fkamd,fhys o th úyd, wnsfhda.hla jqfha h' fkamd, wkkh;djla ks¾udkh lsíu hkq yqfola wêm;s m%cdj ms<sìuq lsíu mukla fkdfõ' th jvd ish,a, wka;¾.%ykh lr.kakd tlls' fkamd,fha ckjd¾.sl lkavdhï ishhla muk ;sfí' tfyhska th jvd;a ÿialr h' YS%,xldfjys yqfola wmg isákafka y;rla fyda myls' tuksid th l< yels úh hq;= h' wm fuh iu. lghq;= lrkafka flfia o hkak iïnkaofhka.;a l, th blaujd hk yd ish,a, je<.kakd YS%,dxlSh wkkh;djla ks¾udkh lsíug W;aidy lrk wdkavql%u jhjia:djla we;s lr.eksu h' wm ks¾udkd;aul ùu wjyh fyhska fuh ;dlaiksl úfyai{hskag yd isú,a iudchg kdhl N+ñldjla r`.mdkakg úh yels hï fohla jkakg mq jk' ol=kq wms%ldkq" flkahdkq yd fkamd,a jhjia:d iïmdokhkaf.ka.; yels mq¾jdo¾y wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdokfha cd;hka;rj ms<s.;a fyd

55 53 Ndú;hla ;sfí' wm wfkl=;a rgj, w;a±lsï foi ne,sh hq;=h' ta i yd ol=kq wm%sldj" fkamd,h yd flkahdj hk rgj,a ;=k b;d fhda.h h' 1996 ol=kq wms%ldkq wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ;ju;a i,lkq,nkafka f,dalfha b;du;au m%.;sys,s wdkavql%u jhjia:djkaf.ka tlla jyfhks' ol=kq wms%ldkq wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ms<sn j jeo.;a foaj,ska tlla jkafka idro¾u yd uq,o¾u ms<sn j tys wjodrkh hs' ol=kq wms%ldkq wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ m<uqjk j.ka;sfhka lshkafka ol=kq wms%ldj my; i yka idro¾u u; f.dv k.k,o ckrchla jkafka h lshd hs' wk;=rej tys flá brla o wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ m%odk mà;fhys idro¾u yd uq,o¾u iuia; iuqyhla o ;sfí' j.ka;sh tl( j¾.jdofhka f;drùu,sx.sl;ajh u; fjkialï fkdlsíu" iudk;ajh" ks;sfha wdêm;h" j.ùu yd m%;spdrys,snj" th is;a weo.kakdiq jpkhls' fuu ish,a, tkafka mq¾úldfõ fkdj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ m%odk mà;fhys h' th m<uqjk j.ka;sh hs' wk;=rej fojk j.ka;sh b;d ir, h' zzwdkavql%u jhjia:dj W;a;Í;r h" th iu. wkkql+, ish ks;s yd yeisíu n, rys; fõ'zz ta wkqj ol=kq wms%ldfjka,nd.; yels mdvu jkafka idro¾u yd uq,o¾u ms<sn wjodrkh hs' flkahdfjka wmg bf.k.; yels b;d m%fhdackj;a mdvula jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yqfola W.;a m%n+ ckhdg yd jd;a;slhkag mukla fkdj idudkh ckhdg o wod< úh hq;=j ;snqk nj b;d n,.;= f,i úyajdi lrk,o wdkavql%u jhjia:dj flgqïm;a lsífï kdhl;ajh.;a jhjia:d fldñiu h' tfyhska fldñifï idudðlfhda ienúkau flkahdj mqrd ixpdrh lr.ïj, ieisjdrhka mj;ajñka zzwms wdkavql%u jhjia:djla flgqïm;a lrñka bkafka" fuh Tn Wkkaÿjla ±laúh hq;= hï fohla" ula ksid o th Tng n,me yels ksihs" th Tng wod< úh yels ksihs hkqfjka idudkh ckhdg mjiñka wdkavql%u jhjia:djla hkqfjka woyia lrkafka fudlla o" tys wruqkq fudkjd o hkak meyeè,s lr ÿkay' bkamiq Tjqyq wdkavql%u jhjia:dj i yd jeo.;a hhs ck;dj is;kafka fudkjd ± hs Tjqkaf. ka úuiqy' tla kso¾ykhla ;sfí' b;du;au.%dóh m%foayhl ck;dj fufia lshd we;' zzfyd hs" ug ;sfhk b;du jeo.;a foa jkafka uf.a.jhskag lkakg ;K fld< ;sîuhszz tys m%;sm,hla jyfhka whs;sjdislï ms<sn flkahdkq jhjia:d mkf;ys Tjqkaf.a.jhska i yd.j ysñhkag ;K fld< ;sîu ms<sn whs;shla ^i;=kag ;K fld< leùug we;s& we;=<;a lr ;sfí' th lrkq,en we;af;a tjeks j¾.fha miqìulska meñfkk ck;djg zzwdyaæ wdkavql%u jhjia:dj wms.ek;a hula lshkjdzz hk ye`.su we;s lsíughs' tf,i flkahdj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iïmdokh lsíu lrkq,nk úg we;eï úg wu;l lr oukq,nk idudkh ckhdg mjd wod< jk mßè jhjia:djla iïmdokh lrkafka flfia o hkak ms<sn j lèu WodyrKhla fohs' YS%,xldj i yd fkamd,fha mdvu jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:djla iïmdokh lsífuys,d wjidk jyfhka jyfhka j. lshq ukav,h fkamd, ck.ykfha úúo;ajh ms<sìuq l< hq;=j ;snqk nj Tjqyq ;SrKh lf<dah' ta wkqj jhjia:dodhl indjla msysgqùug o jhia:dodhl indfõ ksfhdackh jq fkamd,fha úúo;ajh iy;sl lrk úfyai ue;sjrk l%uhla we;s lsíug o ;SrKh lf<dah hkak h' ksoiqka f,i fkamd,fha m<uqjk jhjia:dodhl indfõ ia;s%kaf.a ksfhdackh 33] lg wdikak úh' Tjqka w;r lshjkakg fyda,shkakg neß wh jqy' kuq;a Tjqkaf.a y`vj,a jeo.;a jq ksid jhjia:d iïmdok ls%hdj,sfha w¾:j;a úèhg Tjqkag iynd.súh yels jk fia Tjqkag bx.s%is b.ekaùug" mß.kl ksmqk;d b.eka ùug úfyai mshjr.kq,eìk' ls%hdj,sh wfmalaid l<dg jvd È.= ld,hla.;af;a h' tkuq;a tf;l=;a úfyais; lkavdhula úiska fyda jrm%ido,;a lkavdhula úiska fyda wdkavql%u jhjia:dj flgqïm;a lrkq,eî hhs lsisfjl=g lsj fkdyels jq ksid th jákdlñka hq;a tlla jqfha h' fuu rgj,a ;=k tlaflda yrhd;aul wka;¾.;h wkqj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjys hym;a úêúodk wvx.= lr ;sfí hhs o ke;fyd;a jhjia:d iïmdokh i yd b;du ks¾udkd;aul yd iqcd; ls%hdj,ska ls%hd;aul lr ;sfí hhs o cd;hka;r jyfhka ms<s.kq,efí' YS%,xldj fuu rgj,a ;=k wohhkh l< hq;= hhs o fuu iuyr mdvï bf.k.; hq;= hhs o YS%,dxlSh wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdok ls%hdj,shg t<fuk úg tu hym;a mdvïj,ska iuyrla n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy.; f,i Ndú;hg fhèh hq;= hhs o uu is;ñ'

56 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ jhjia:d iïmdokh 1972 yd iudk jqjfyd;a fmr ls mßè YS%,xldfõ ld, mßéfþoh ;;a;ajh b;d fjkia ksid tu ls%hdj,sh fuys kej; isÿ úh fkdyels h' tod fida,anß wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ ixfydaok mámdá wkq.ukh fkdlsífï oekqj;a ;SrKhla ;snqks' th foaymd,k ;SrKhla jq w;r tf,iu odiaáuh ;SrKhla o jqfha h' Tjqkag w;s;fhka iïmq¾kfhka u leãug wjyhj ;snqks( Tjqkagzzì%;dkHfha idok,ozz wdkavql%u jhjia:dj u.ska fok fokq,nk ixfydaok mámdáh wkq. ukh lrñka zzys%,xldfõ idok,ozz ^foayc& wdkavql%u jhjia:djla y kajd ug l< hq;= h' md¾,sfïka;=fõ ;=fkka foll Pkaofhka iïu;fldg wk;=rej cku; úpdrkhl ck;dj úiska wkqu; l< hq;= fõ' tf,i wm wdrïn lrkqfha lsishï j¾.hl wdrïnl isudjla we;sj h' tfy;a ud ls mßè tfia lsfuka woyia lrkafka wm ;dlaiksl úfyai{hska" isú,a iudch yd idudkh ckhd ls%hdj,sh ;=< w¾:j;aj;a f,i iynd.sùu iy;sl l< hq;= h hkak h' wdkavqj udi yhla ;=< kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla flgqïm;a lsíu iïnkaofhka l;d lsíu.ek ud ie,ls,su;a jkafka iq jyfhks' Tjqkag th fõ.fhka lsíug wjyh jkafka uka ± hs ug f;reï.kakg mq jk' wdkavqj ;=< yd fldñiug uyckhd iynd. slr.eksfï j.lsu,nd u h' ud is;kafka th b;du;a fhda.h udè,sh úh yels njhs' ks;ru jdf.a ^fkamd,fha yd ol=kq wms%ldfõ& fuu ìh úfyai{hska foaymd,lhskag ;¾ckhla jkjd hhs ye`. Su jqfha h' foaymd,lfhda fufia mji;s' zzck;djf.a ksfhdað;hska jkafka wm h' úfyai{hskag wmg Wmfoia fokakg mq jk' tfy;a wjidk ;SrK.; hq;=j we;af;a foaymd,lhska úisks'zz YS%,dxlSh foaymd,lhska o iudk wdl,amhla orkq we;ehs uu is;ñ' jeo.;a foh jkafka úfyai{hskag o hï ;;a;ajhla" hï ms<s.eksula" flkahdfjka wmg bf.k.; yels b;d m%fhdackj;a mdvula jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yqfola W.;a m%n+ ckhdg yd jd;a;slhkag mukla fkdj idudkh ckhdg o wod< úh hq;=j ;snqk nj b;d n,.;= f,i úyajdi lrk,o wdkavql%u jhjia:dj flgqïm;a lsífï kdhl;ajh.;a jhjia:d fldñiu h' jqjukd fkdùh' w;s;fhka wd;;ska yd fn ï we;sjk ksremkhg jeo.;a N+ñldjla leã fjka ùug ys;du;du f;la n,d isákakg Tjqkag,nd u h' foaymd,lhska ork,o W;aidyhla ;sìk' tod ojfia wdkavqj th lsíu i yd ck;djf.ka jrula,nd.;af;a h' 2015 YS%,xldfjys ;;a;ajh b;d fjkia h' wdkavqj w;s;fhka leã fjka ùug W;aidy orkafka kï uq uy;a úmlaihu ls%hdj,shg úreoao fjkq we;' ud mejiq mßè wjidkfha kj wdkavq jqjukd ke;" Tjqkag ta ms<sn j fõ.fhka jev lrkakg jqjukd h' tfy;a hula blaukska lrk úg yd iqcd; f,i lrk úg ta w;r ;=,khla we;s lr.; hq;=j we;' tfyhska wmg ld,h ;j álla jeämqr.eksu wjyh jkq we;' l;d nyg,lafjñka mj;sk fhdackdj,ska tlla wjidk ;Skaÿj.; hq;=j ;sfnkafka jqj o úfyai{hska o tfiau isú,a iudc ixúodk o lshk foa Tjqka nrm;,j ie,ls,a,g.; hq;=j ;sfí' tf,i uq,sl jyfhka wduka;%kh l< hq;=j ;sfnk wisre ie,iqï.eg jla o 19 jk ixfydaokh iïu; lrkq,enq wjia:dfõ wkq. ukh lrk,o iïmq¾kfhkau jeo.;a fõ' wm jhjia:d iïmdok ls%hdj,sh iïnkaofhka 19 jk ixfydaokh iïnkao wdldrfha ;;a;ajhla isÿ fkdùu iy;sl l< hq;=j ;sfí' wmg jvd;a fhda.h foaymd,k wdld;sh l%u jhjia:d 1978 jhjia:dfõ úêúodkhkag wkql+,j iïu; jkafka jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla- fldñiula wi;=gqodhl ls%hdj,sh o ;sfnk fyhska fuh jvd;a m<uqj i yka lrkafgka kï 1978 wdkavql%u

57 55 fkamd,fha m<uqjk jhjia:dodhl indfõ ia;s%kaf.a ksfhdackh 33] lg wdikak úh' Tjqka w;r lshjkakg fyda,shkakg neß wh jqy' kuq;a Tjqkaf.a y`vj,a jeo.;a jq ksid jhjia:d iïmdok ls%hdj,sfha w¾:j;a úèhg Tjqkag iynd.súh yels jk fia Tjqkag bx.s%is b.ekaùug" mß.kl ksmqk;d b.eka ùug úfyai mshjr.kq,eìk' w.ue;sjrhdg jvd wvq n,;, iys;j iuia; rg úiska f;dard.kq,nk ckdêm;sjrfhla ;nd.kakg neß h' th yqfola w¾:hhla ke;s tlls' Tyqg fyda wehg w.ue;sjrhdg jvd úyd, iqcd;ndjhla yd úyd, wêldrhla ;sfnk nj ckdêm;sjrhd is;kakg mq jk' tfyhska ud ;¾l lrk foh jkafka wmg ixl,amsh meyeè,s;djla wjyhh hkak h' tl`.;djg meñksug fyd u foh jkafka w.ue;s udè,shla yd md¾,sfïka;=j yd m<d;a ind úiska f;dardm;a lr.kq,eìh yels b;d isñ; n,hla" YS%,dxlSh wkkh;djla ixj¾okh lsíug wdodr lrk cd;sl tlai;a Ndjfha ixfla;hla jk úfyai j.lsula iys; ckdêm;sjrfhls' m<d;a indj,g o ckdêm;sjrhd ;sfnk u. úh yels h' úodhlfha ie,iau ms<sn Y%S,xldj i yd b;du;a fhda.h udè,sh jkq we;af;a th hhs yefõa' ue;sjrk l%ufha ie,iau iïnkaofhka i,ld n,k úg 20 jk ixfydaokhg uu iïmq¾kfhkau úreoao ùñ' uf.a woyi wkqj th iene ñy%khla fkdù h' th iudkqmd;sl l%uhlg jvd flaj, Pkao fldügdy l%uh lrd jvd keuqre jq tlla úh' wmg iene ñy% l%uhla ;sîu wjyh hhs uu is;ñ' jeo.;a foh jkafka iudkqmd;sl,ehsia;=j wjika l< hq;= h hkak h' Tjqka Pkaoh fokafka YS%,ksmhg kï Y%S,ksm,ehsia;=fõ wxl tl zzxzz jkq we;s nj o wxl fol zzyzz jkq we;s nj o ck;djg ±k.; yelsjk fia iudkqmd;sl wfmalailhskaf.a fy%aks wkqms<sfj,,ehsia;=jla iys; ñy% l%uhla ;sfí' tfiau th m%udkj;a ldka;djka m%udkhla md¾,sfïka;=jg f;aí m;a fkdjk wfma j¾;udk ue;sjrk l%ufhys mj;akd úyd, wvqmdvqjla iïnkaofhka ls%hd l< yels ud¾.hla o fõ' YS%,xldj ol=kq wdishdfõ jhjia:dodhlh ;=< ldka;djkaf.a wvqu ixlhdj ksfhdackh jk rg fõ' fuh ienúkau wm,êcd úh hq;= ldrkhls' th wduka;%kh l< hq;= yd ksjerè l< hq;=j ;sfnk fohls' ixjd;,ehsia;=jla iys; ñy% ue;sjrk l%uhla ;sîu Bg wduka;%kh lsífï tla ud¾. hla fõ' fï úodhlfha ieleiau yd ue;sjrk l%ufha ieleiau hk m%odk lrekq fol ms<sn j uf.a fm!oa.,sl woyia h' jhjia:dj y kajd fok,o ld,fha isg uu ckdêm;s f;dard.eksfï ;SrKhla.kak.kakg yels h' túg ue;sjrkhg fmr ;SrKh lr m%ldyhg m;a l< hq;= h' jvd;a jeo.;a lrekq udè,shg úreoao ùñ' ula ksid o ud lshk,o OQrdj,Suh yd uoh.; tlla jk wfma ksyañ; foaymd,k ixiald;sh ;=< ckdêm;s udè,sh th jvd;a krlg m;a lrk nj ud úyajdi lrk ksid h' fojk ldrkh w.ue;sjrhd Èia;s%lalhlska f;dard.kq,nk úg bkaèhdfõ Ndú;d lrk udè,shg iudk jkakd jq ;rula mq,a ue;sjrk iudchla ^electoral college& we;s lr.; hq;= fõ' w.ue;sjrhd úiska wud;h ukav,fha uq,iqk orkq,nk" ckdêm;sjrhd wdkavqfõ tèfkod lghq;=j,g ueèy;a fkdjk l%uhla wm hd hq;=j tfiau l,ska ;SrKh lrk,o fy%aks wkqms<sfj,la ^mdßndisl moh ixjd;,ehsia;=j hkak h& ;sfí kï ieu fojk ia:dkhlau ldka;djlg fyda iq ;r cd;sl lkavdhul idudðlfhl=g fyda Èh hq;= h hkak b,a,d isáh yels h' tf,i Tng ixjd; Ôj;a ùfï whs;sh jeo.;a m%yakhls' th wfma whs;sjdislï mkf;ys fkdù h' tfiau th wfma uq,sl whs;sjdislï ms<sn mßéfþoh fyda whs;sjdislï mk; w;hka;fhkau wm%udkj;ah hk ldrkh biau;=lr olajhs' tajdfha whs;sjdislï iq;%.; lrkq

58 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾,nk wdldrh yd tys olajd fkdue;s whs;sjdislï b;d jeo.;a h' tfyhska iq;%.; lsíu jvd hym;a úh hq;= h' f,dalh mqrd fndfyda rgj, isud lsífï j.ka;sh" úfyai wruqkla uqÿka muqkqjd.eksug wjyh lrk foa kej; y kajd ug yd 19 jk ixfydaokfha hdka;%kh bj; ±óug jhjia:d indfõ ixhq;sh fjkia lsíu wmg wjyh h' we;eï úg iajdëk.=jka úÿ,s úldyk wêldßhl wjyh;djla ;sfí' ula ksid o ±kg remjdysks yd.=jka lshd ;snqfka foaymd,k mlaij, ld;hdêldí lñgqj, ldka;djkaf.a ksyañ; m%;sy;hla we;=<;a hq;= nj mlai ks;sj,g we;=<;a lsíu wjyh úh yels nj h' tf,i Tyq mlai wnhka;r m%cd;ka;%jdohg kdhlhska f;dard.eksu" mlaih we;=<; tys cd;sl fmd,sia fldügdihla ;sfí' m<d;a fmd,sia fldügdihla ;sfí' wjidkfha rfü talsh Ndjhg yd fn!ñl iïnkaofhka isudjka mek úh yels h' m%cd;ka;%jd iudchl tajd idodrkslrkh l< hq;=j ;sfí' tajd idfmacij iudkqmd;sl úh hq;= h' tu jpk ;=k -w;hjyh" hqla;siy.; ^m%cd;a;%jd iudchl& yd iudkqmd;sl ^tajd isud lsíu u.ska uqÿka muqkqjd.eksug wfmalaid lrk wruqkg& hk jpk ;=k isud lsífï j.ka;sfhys y kajd Èh hq;= h' j¾;udkfha tajd tys fkdue;' n,d;aul lsífï hdka;%kh iïnkaofhka wm th fy%aiagdêlrkhg wnshdpkhla lsíu iys;j hg;a msßfihska m<d;a uydêlrkj,g mejßh hq;= hhs uu mejiqfjñ' tf,i wfma whs;sjdislï mk; ms<sn j lsíug wjyh fndfyda foa ;sfí' iajdëk fldñiï iïnkaofhka.;a l, jhjia:d indfõ j.lsï hg;g tk tajdg jeä wdh;k.kkla tl;= lsíu.ek wmg i,ld n,kakg mq jk' uqo,a uy 17 jk ixfydaokfha hdka;%kh úÿ,s ia:dk n,m;% ksl=;a lsífï j.lsu orkafka rdch wdh;khla jk remjdysks ixia:dj ksid h' wmg iajdëk wêldßhla ;sîu wjyh h' tfiau th jhjia:d indfõ úihm:h hg;g we;=<;a l< yels h' mlai wnhka;r m%cd;ka;%jdoh b;d jeo.;a h' wm ±ka mlai ish lghq;= lr f.k hkafka flfia o" l<ukdlrkh lrkafka flfia o" jhjia:dj ;=< yß mlaij, wnhka;r jev lsífï ieliqï ls%hd;aul jkafka flfia o hkak ms<sn we;eï uq,sl m%;sm;a;s ;sîu wjyh lrk wèhrlg <`.d ù we;ehs uu is;ñ' flfia jqj o f,dj mqrd fndfyda rgj, ±ka foaymd,k mlai md,kh lsífï fjku ks;s ms<sn j l;d lrñka ;sfí' ue;sjrk flduidßiajrhd fï ms,sn j l;d lr ;sfnk nj uu oksñ' wf.daia;= ue;sjrkhg fmr 20 fjks ixfydaokh ms<sn j újdo flfrñka ;snq ld,fha th idlépd flßk' Tyq ienúkau m%cd;ka;%sh Ndú;h yd ixiald;sh ms<sn m%yakh mukla fkdj ia;s%ka n,i;= lsífï m%yakh mjd we;=<;a lsíu foi o n,d ;sfí' fuh YS%,xldj m%udkj;a f,i idlépd lr fkdue;s m%yakhls' mlai ms<sn j we;eï úg jhjia:dj ;=< mlai ls%hd l< hq;af;a flfia o hkak ms<sn we;eï uq,sl m%;sm;a;s iys; fjku ks;shla ;sîu iïnkaoj wm nrm;, f,i idlépd lsíu wjyh hhs uu is;ñ' fou< ckhdf.a wfmaëdjka fuh jeo.;a m%yakhls' wf.daia;= ue;sjrkfha oñ< ck;dj uohia: Ndjh i yd Pkaoh ÿka nj wm wu;l fkdl< hq;= hhs uu is;ñ' hqoaofhka miq rdcmlai md,kfha cfhdakaudoh" W;=f¾ yuqodlrkh wm okakd mßè 2009 isg 2015.egqug ;=vqÿka fya;= ms,sn lghq;= fkdlsíu w;hka; jyfhkau wjdikdjla jqjo tfia ;sìh ;a foñ< ck;dj 2015 ;ju;a uohia:;djh Wfoid wlkav;djg hï ;¾ckhla t,a, fõ kï cd;sl fmd,sia fldügdihg yd ikakoao yuqodjkag ueèy;a ùug mq jk' Pkaoh ;sfí' ckdêm;s isßfiakf.a f;aím;aùug odhlù ;sfí' tfy;a tfia ;sìh ;a kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj oñ< ck;djf.a idodrk wfmalaidjkag wduka;%kh fkdlrkafka kï th oñ< ck;dj foñ< wka;jd kaf.a" YS%,xldfõ wdkavqjlska yd isxy, ckhdf.ka lsisÿ w¾:j;a foaymd,k úi ula wfmalaid l< fkdyels hhs ;ju;a lshk foñ< vhiafmdardfõ t,aààb ys;jd fldgiaj,.%ykhg foñ< ck;dj weo ±óula

59 57 úksiqre jkiqkaor úiska kdhl;ajh fok,o úksiqrejka y;r fofkl=f.a u;h jqfha 13 jk ixfydaokh wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ talsh Ndjh W,a,x>kh lr ;sfnk nj h' tfiau fuu úksyaphldrjre b;d iajdëk wh jqy' jkq we;' tfyhska foñ< ck;djf.a idodrk wfmalaidjka imqrd,su b;d jeo.;a jkq we;' md,l mlaih wf.daia;= ue;sjrkh i yd jq tys ue;sjrk m%ldykfha talsh rdchhla we;=<; Wmßu n,h fn ula.ek l;d lf<a h' uf.a woyi wkqj ±ka m%yakh jkafka wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ 13 jk ixfydaokh talsh rdchhla we;=<; Wmßu n,h fn ula i,id we;s ksid fuh b;d ÿialr m%yakhla jk nj h' 13 jk ixfydaokh fy%aiagdêlrkh yuqfõ wnsfhda.hg,la lrk,o nj Tng u;l ;sfnkjd we;' fy%aiagdêlrkh u; foaymd,k n,meï rdyshla t,a, flreks' úksiqre jkiqkaor úiska kdhl;ajh fok,o úksiqrejka y;r fofkl=f.a u;h jqfha 13 jk ixfydaokh wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ talsh Ndjh W,a,x>kh lr ;sfnk nj h' tfiau fuu úksyaphldrjre b;d iajdëk wh jqy' tf,i wmg ±kgu;a talsh rdchhla we;=<; Wmßu n,h fn ula ;sfí kï ;j;a jeämqr l< hq;af;a fudkjd o" 13 jk ixfydaokhg ;j;a l< yels ixfydaok fudkjd o" ta ish,a, ;ju;a talsh rdchfha rduqj we;=<; jk tajd h' tfy;a m<d;a indj,g" úfyaifhka W;=re m<d;a indjg fok jeä n,;, fukjd o@ tfyhska hy md,kh i yd jk tlai;a cd;sl fmruqfka ^UNFGG& ue;sjrk m%ldykhg tu úêúodkh we;=<;a lsíu b;du;a wjdikdjka; hhs uu is;ñ' tfiau wdld;shg jvd yrh jeo.;a h hkqfjka u;hla o ;sfnk nj lshd ;sfí' tf,i zz wms f,an,aj, tí fkd.ksuq" m<d;a indj, n,;, foi n,uq" Tjqkag ke;af;a fudk n,;, o lshd n,uq" iy Tjqkag ienúkau M,odhShj tajd ls%hd;aul l< yels jk fia Tjqkag tu n,;, fokakg W;aid lruqzzhhs lshkafkda o isá;s' tys iqúyd, wnsfhda.hka ;sfí' wjqreÿ 28 la ;siafia ls%hd;aul fkdlrk,o fldgia 13 jk ixfydaokfhys ;sfí' tajd bvï yd fmd,sia n,;, iïnkao tajd h' fmd,sia n,;, fn u m%{df. dapr fkdjkq we;ehs hkqfjka ye`.sula ;sfí' tfy;a Tn 13 jk ixfydaokh foi n,kafka kï fmd,sish ms<sn tu fldgfia fn fjkaùu Èß.kajk lsisjla ke;s nj fmfkkq we;' tys cd;sl fmd,sia fldügdihla ;sfí' m<d;a fmd,sia fldügdihla ;sfí' wjidkfha rfü talsh Ndjhg yd fn!ñl wlkav;djg hï ;¾ckhla t,a, fõ kï cd;sl fmd,sia fldügdihg yd ikakoao yuqodjkag ueèy;a ùug mq jk' tu úêúodk ls%h;aul lsífï udkisl ndolhla ;ju;a ;sfí' tfyhska fndfyda foa lrkakg ;sfí hhs uu is;ñ' th Ñ;a;fõ.d;aul m%yak fukau uqia,sï m%cdj we;= jvd l=vd iq ;r ckhdf.a whs;ska o wvx.= lr.ks' z95 isg 2000 olajd wdkavql%u jhjia:d iïmdok ls%hdj,sfha wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ w;a±lsï wdrïnl,laihhla f,i fhdod.kq we;ehs uu wfmalaid lrñ' tu ls%hdj,shg úyd, odhl;ajhla iemhq ks,ka ;srefp,ajï jeks mqoa.,fhda wmg isáhy' flakaøh úiska ì oukq,eìh fkdyels uq,sl jyfhka yrj;a" w¾:j;a yd iqrlais; n,h fn ula isÿ l< yels úl,am fndfyduhla we;sj úfyai{hskag ueèy;aúh yelafla fuys h' wnsfhda.h th hs' tfiau fuh kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ ;sfnk ienúkau jeo.;a ixrplhla jkakd jq hula fjhs' ula ksid o fuh lrkq fkd,enqjfyd;a B<`. ue;sjrkfha oñ< cd;sljd ka mokula f.dv k.d.kq we;s nj ksielju lsjyelsh' tfiau ckjd¾. sl lkavdhï fol w;r jeä O%eùlrKhla we;s jkq we;' 2000 jhjia:dfõ fhdað; n,h fn u pkaøsld l=udr;=x.f.au mlaifha we;=<;u isá mqoa.,fhda r;akisß úl%ukdhl" uyskao rdcmlai thg úreoao jqy' tfia isÿ jqfha wjqreÿ mylg miq h' Tn okakd mßè fhdao uyck wohdmk jhdmdrhla" ;j,u hkdè jevigyka j,ska miq ta ish,a, ;sìh ;a h' tf,i fuh w;s úyd, wnsfhda.hls' wjqreÿ yhla we;=<; fyda wjqreoaola we;=<; mjd wdkavqjg ;=kajk ckrc wdkavql%u jhjia:dj y kajd ug Wjukd kï uyck wohdmkh i yd" meyeè,slr u i yd 13 jk ixfydaokhg Tíng hdu ms<sn j isxy, ck;dj

60 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ Tjqkaf.a úfyais; hym; yd Wjukd tmdlïj,g ;=< ;sìh yels iene NS;Ska iïnkaofhka lghq;= lsíu i yd t;rï wjldyhla fkd,efnkq we;',o b;du fkdi,ld yßk,o m%cdjla' ta jf.au fï m%yakh b;d jeo.;a ldrkhla u;= lr olajkjd' we;eï wjia:dj, tallzz we;s lsíu.ek wmg is;sh yels hs' tfiau Tjqkaf.a M,m%fhdack jvd fyd g ksfhdackh lrkq,nk nj wduka;%kh l< hq;= h' fuh l< yelsj ;sfnkafka fjkia hka;%khka Tiafiahs' m<d;a ind Yla;su;a lsíu Tjqkaf.a Wjukd tmdlïj,g" Tjqkaf.a ksyañ; N+f.da,Sh msysàu wdèhg wduka;%kh fkdlrkakg mq jk' fuh ;j;a foaj,a we;=<;a l< hq;=j ;sfnk hï fohls' 13 jk ixfydaokh M,odhS wkaoñka ls%hd;aul lrkakg fkdyels ù ;sfnkafka uka o" tys ;sfnk wvqmdvq jkafka fudkjd o hkak meyeè,s lrkakg W;aidy lsíu o idodrkslrkh lrkakg yd ck;dj úyajdi lrkakg W;aidy lsíu o zzm<d;a indj,g jvd n,;, u wjyh jkafka fï ksid hzz hkak ck;djg meyeè,s lsíu o yer fjk;a hï úl,amhla ;sfnkjd hehs ud fkdis;ñ' j;=lrfha fou< m%cdj tu m%cdj we;eï úg ;ju;a b;du wdka;slrkhg m;a lrk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj.ek l;d lrk úg wmflakaøsh wjodkh fhduq lrkafka m%odk f,dl= m%cdjka fol u; mukhs' jvd l=vd m%cdjka ms<sn j wu;l lrk m%jk;djhla we;' Tjqkaf.a úfyais; hym; yd Wjukd tmdlïj,g wduka;%kh l< hq;=j h' fuh l< yelsj ;sfnkafka fjkia hka;%khka Tiafiahs' m<d;a ind Yla;su;a lsíu Tjqkaf.a Wjukd tmdlïj,g" Tjqkaf.a ksyañ; N+f.da,Sh msysàu wdèhg wduka;%kh fkdlrkakg mq jk' wm m<d;a indj we;=<; fjk;a hdka;%khka.ek" úfyaifhka Tjqka nyq;rh jk kqjrt<sh yd iuyr m%foayj, zzwm iy;sl lsíug wm W;aidy ±Íu wjyh hs' wjdikdjg Tjqkaf.a foaymd,k kdhlhska o isákafka ;rula wmls¾;shg m;aù h' tf,iu w;s;fha tlai;a nj mej;s o ke;' kuq;a wm wdkavql%u jhjia:djla.ek l:d lrk úg th iene f,iu iyñ;sl,shú,a,la h" tfiau wdkavql%u jhjia:djla hkafkka wdka;slrkhg m;a lkavdhïj, M,m%fhdack ksfhdackh ùu o woyia jkafka h" wm YS%,xldfõ isák úúo l=vd;u lkavdhï" l=vd;u wd.ñl lkavdhï yd Tjqkaf.a ish M,m%fhdack yd wns,dihka o tf,iu ie,ls,a,g.; hq;=j we;af;a h' ''''''''' ks,fï ;ekam;a æ fndfyda.¾ndij, Y=l%dKq ;ekam;a fndfyda nexl=j, uqo,a l ;ekam;a ææ fmryßka hk úg.ïnsr ;ekam;a æ fndfyda msrejg hg li, l ;ekam;a æ mshkaldrf.a nkaÿ, chùr

61 59 isú,a iudch uq,msrefõ uq,skauhs ldka;dj yd udoh iduqyslh l=uqosks ieuqfj,a ldka;d Woaf>daIKhl wjia:djla jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhl Wjukdj kej;;a fï rfü m%odk lóldj njg m;a ù ;sfí' miq.sh ckdêm;sjrkfha th m%uql igka mdgh jqj;a 1994 o fï igka mdghu m%uql jq nj wms oksuq' tod th u;=jqfha fm%auodi ckdêm;sjrhdf.a oro~q md,khg ±lajq m%;spdrhla f,ig h' wo th yqÿ ol=fka m%cd;ka;%jdoh ms<sn m%yakh ;=<skau u;=jq kuq;a tod ol=fka m%cd;ka;%jdoh fukau cd;sl m%yakhg foaymd,k úi ul wjyh;djh ;=<ska u;=jqfka h' uf.a u;lfha yeáhg" 1983 muk m%.;sys,s ldka;d tluq;=j" ldka;d l%shdldß lñgqj" cd;skaf.a hqla;sh yd iudkd;au;d jhjdmdrh iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh iq/lsfï jhdmdrh jeks ta ld,fha ;snqkq isú,a ixúodk fuhg uq,a úh' uq,ska u fï ixúodk m<,a jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhla.ek l:d fkdl< kuq;a" cd;sl m%yakhg foaymd,k úi ula wjyhhs hkqfjka b,a,d isáfha h' B <Õg foaymd,k isrlrejka iïnkaofhka l:d lf<a h' m<fjks foaymd,k isrldßh jq ks¾u,d ks;hkdoka ksoyia lsíu i yd o fï ixúodk tlaúh' È.gu fuu b,a,su lrf.k weú;a 1987 bkaÿ,xld.súiqu iuõ 13 fjks ixfydaokh fjkqfjka wms fmks isáfhuq' ta ldf,;a wms lsõfõ 13fjks jhjia:d ixfydaokh m%udkj;a fkdjk kuq;a n,h fn fï uq,a mshjrla yeáhg ms<s.; yels nj h' fuhg tfrysj ck;d úuqla;s fmruqk Èh;al< NsIKh yd Y%s,ksmh wkshï wkaoñka thg Woõ l< nj wu;r ldrkhls'

62 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ B <.g 93 jk úg fm%auodi ckdêm;sjrhdf.a wdkavqj o m%cd;ka;%jdoh.ek t;rï udhsï lf<a hehs lshkakg fkdyels h' tu m%cd;ka;% úfrdaê wdkavqj bj;alr idu fõèldjla u; w ;a wdkavqjla msysgqjkafka fldfydu o lshk ldrkh u;=úh' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqk fïjk úg u¾okhg,laù ;snqkq w;r Y%s,xld ksoyia mlaih fnao Nskak ù ÿ¾j, ;;a;ajhl mej;=ks' fï miqìu ;=< isú,a jhjdmdr 3la ks¾udkh jqfha h' thska tlla jkafka jhjia:d m%;sixialrk i yd jhmdrh' pd¾,aia wfífialrf.a m%odk;ajfhka cd;ska w;r hqla;sh yd iudkd;au;d jhjmdr fojekak h' ug u;l yeáhg úl,am m%;sm;a;s flakaøh mgka.;a w ;u" ta wh;a tl;= lrf.k w ;a jhjia:d flgqïm;la" isú,a iudch úiska ks¾udkh flreks' tal ;uhs pkao%sld 94 ue;sjrk jhdmdrhg fhdod. kafka' tafla ;snq iuyrla wx. bj;a ù 2000 md¾,sfïka;=jg bèßm;a jqfha ta jhjia:dj h' fï ;dla wdkavqjla úiska bèßm;a flrekq m%.;sys,su jhjia:dj yeáhg ta jhjia:dj ye kaùug mq jk' tlai;a cd;sl mlaih tod.sks;enq tu jhjia:dfõ uq,hka ;snqfka isú,a iudcfha" ta tluq;=j yryd ks¾udkh jq jhjia:dfõ h' t;k ldka;d whslsjdislï ta jhjia:dfõ uq,a flgqïm;g wm we;=<;a lf<a h' iudc wd¾ól whs;sjdislï o thg we;=<;a l< w;r f*vr,a l%uh.ek jpk mdúéñ fkdl<;a" tlai;a Y%S,xldjla ;=< n,h fnokafka fldfyduo lshk uq,o¾u jhjia:djg we;=<;a lrkakg jehï lf<a h' uu ys;kafka wog;a cd;sl m%yakh iïnkaofhka ta uq, O¾uh m%odk fõ' B <Õg u¾ê tflka ;j fohla lf<a h' ßpâ fidhsid iy rdcsks ;srdk.u uq,alrf.k ìfhka w;añfouq jhdmdrh f.dvkef.kafka t;kska' fï fol tlg hkafka' jhjia:d m%;sixialrk l%shdj,shhs" ìfhka w;añfouq lshk jhdmdrh iy m%cd;ka;%jdoh iys; iduh lshk jhdmdr.sfha tlg' uu ys;kafka wog b;du jeo.;a fjkjd" m%cd;ka;%jdoh iys; iduh lshk moku iuõ hk jhdmdrhla' wms wka;sug iduh foaymd,k úi ula yryd f.fkkafka fldfyduo lshk ;ekg tkjd kï jhjia:d m%;sixialrk l:sldj" foaymd,k úi u hk l:sldj m%cd;ka;%jdè l:sldj iuõ tlg hdhq;= h' ±ka fï lóld 3 fjk fjku hkafka' foaymd,k úi u.ek wo l:d fjkafka ke;s ;rï' foaymd,k úi fï iuyr uq,hka ta yokjd hehs lshk w ;a jhjia:dfõ ;sìh hq;= njhs uu ys;;kafka' jhjia:d m%;sixialrk lóldfõ fojeks jgh m<uqfjks j;dfõ jhjia:d m%;sixialrk l:sldj hqoaohg fmr wdrïn ù hqoaohg iudka;rj flíf.k.sfha h' fujr th bèßhg tkafka myapd;a hqo iufha uyskao rdcmlaif.a oro~q md,kh bj;alr.eksu wruqkq lrf.k h' ta wkqj ckjdß 8 fjksod fï fmr<sh lrkakg ldka;dfjda o fkdfhl=;a wdldrfhka ta wr.,hg iïnkao jqy' B <Õg wf.daia;= Pkaohg;a hymd,k fõèldfõ isg m%cd;ka;%jdoh" udkj ysñllï iq/lsu jeksfoa ;uhs rdcmlai wdkavqj fmr,kakg wms bèßhg.;af;a' m%cd;k;a%jdoh h<s ia:dmkh lsßu wms ish u fokdg tlfia wod< h' fuys " jhjia:dj ixfydaokh lrñka" bèßhg hkjdg jvd" w ;a jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lsßug iqÿiq fj,djla nj m%:ufhka u lsj hq;= h' tfukau ta jhjia:dj ks¾udkh lsífï È mq,a iudc odhl;ajhla uyck odhl;ajhla yryd th l< hq;= fõ' th läkñka lrkakg mq jka fohla fkdjk kuq;a kshu lr.;a ld< mrdih ;=< jhjia:d iïmdok l%shdj,sh wdrïn l<hq;= fõ' tu l%shdj,sh ;=< ck;djf.a woyia,nd.eksug meyeè<s jev ms<sfj,la wdkavqjg ;sìh uyskao rdcmlaif.a md,k ld,fhys m%cd;ka;%jdoh ke;sùfuka ish fokdu msvdjg m;a jq w;r u iuyrla m%;súmdl iqúfyaisj ldka;dj w;a úoskafkah' tl m%odk fohla jkafka miq.sh jir 10 ;=<" úfyaifhkau uyskao rdcmlai md,kh ld,fhys uyskao Ñka;kh yryd u l%shd;aul jqfha mjq, flakaølr.;a ixj¾ok m%;sm;a;shls' úfyaifhkau ldka;djka yd iïnkao m%;sm;a;s ie<iqfka u mjq, uq,alrf.k h' hq;= h' tys iudcfha fldkajk" fjkia fldg ie<flk whf.a y~g wjia:djla,nd Èh hq;= h' tys ldka;djkaf.a woyia wksjd¾h fõ' fndfyda fõ,djg wm okakd ldrkhla jkafka miq. sh 72 jhjia:d.;a;;a" 78 jhjia:dj.;a;;a" ldka;d

63 61 fjkiafldg ie<lsfï mrk ks;s.kkdjla ldka;djkag wod<j ;sfí' mjq, iïnkao ks;s yd Wreuh iïnkao ks;s WodyrKhg.;yels h' rcfha bvï whs;sh iïnkaofhka o ldka;djkag wys;lr ks;s we;' B<Õg whdf,a hefï mk;.; yels w;r th iqoaokaf.a ld,fha 1800.Kkaj, f.kd ks;shls' wo ta ks;s tllaj;a tx.,ka;fha ke;s kuq;a wfma,xldfõ ;ju;a ;sfí' whs;sjdislï jhjia:djg we;=<;a ù fkdue;s njhs' tfia jkafka jhjia:d ks¾udkfha È ldka;djkaf.a odhl;ajhla ke;s ksid h' fï myapd;a ue;sjrkh ;=< wm wjodrkh lrk m%odk lrekla jkafka jhjia:dfõ uq,sl whs;lsjdislï mßéfþohg ldka;d whs;sjdislï we;=<;aúh hq;= njhs' ldka;d whs;ska yd uyskao Ñka;kh uyskao rdcmlaif.a md,k ld,fhys m%cd;ka;%jdoh ke;sùfuka ish fokdu msvdjg m;a jq w;r u iuyrla m%;súmdl iqúfyaisj ldka;dj w;a ú kafkah' tl m%odk fohla jkafka miq.sh jir 10 ;=<" úfyaifhkau uyskao rdcmlai md,kh ld,fhys uyskao Ñka;kh yryd u l%shd;aul jqfha mjq, flakaølr.;a ixj¾ok m%;sm;a;shls' úfyaifhkau ldka;djka yd iïnkao m%;sm;a;s ie<iqfka u mjq, uq,alrf.k h' mjq, ;=< ldka;djkag ;sfnk wvq ie<lsu" udkj ysñlï W,a,x>khùu" mjq,a iïnkaofhka ;sfnk iuyr ks;s" fï yeufoau tal ;=<.eí fõ' úfyaifhkau ldka;d wud;hdxyfha m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh jqfha ta u; h' tfia u whjefhka fjkafjk uqo,;a" fjka jqfha ldka;d whs;sjdislï wdrlaid lsíug fkdfõ' WodyrKhla f,i ia;%s IK ms<sn m%yak u;=fjk úg wksjd¾hfhkau ldka;djkaf.a me;af;ka iy fudloao fïlg fya;=j lshk ;ekska h" fiùu flrefka' WodyrKhla f,i ta isoaêh fjk wjia:dfõ ldka;dj wyj,a ;ek ysáfha wehs@ wehs?g wehs wyj,a úèhg we ï wekafoa hkdè f,i h' ±ka md¾,sfïka;= újdo Èyd n,k úg È.gu tfyuhs ta m%yakj,g fhduqfjkafka' B <Õg ms<shu úh hq;af;a?g wyj,a fj,djg miafia ldka;djka ksfjiska msg fkdhd hq;= h' úfyaifhka ldka;djka orejkaj n,d.; hq;= h' orejka wdrlaid lr.; hq;= h' ta ksidu jir mfyka my< orejka isák uõjre ueofmrè. fkdhd hq;=h lshk ksfhda. bèßm;a úh yels h' th o isÿ jkafka uyskao Ñka;kh Tiafia h' mj;sk wdkavqjo th bèßhg f.khk njhs wmg fmfkkafka' ta wkqj ta m%yakh Tjqka.kafka ldka;djlg / lshdjla lsßug ;sfhk whs;sjdislu yeáhg fkdfõ' ldka;djf.a j.lsu mjq, /ln,d.eksu jk ksid ldka;djka mjq,g ±ka isud úh hq;= h' fu;kè msßñhdf.a ;sfhk iu j.lsu" msfhla yeáhg ;sfhk j.lsu.ek fu;k idlépd fkdfõ' Tjqka l;dlrkafka tjeks mokula we;=j h' ±ka ÿikh.ek l:d jk úgo".dyia: m%pkav;ajh.ek l:d l<o" ldka;djlg ysxikfhka f;drj Ôj;aùug we;s whs;sh ms<sn l;d fkdlrhs' ysxikh we;a; jyfhkau whs;sjdislï W,a,x>kh úuls' ta.ek l:d fkdlr ldka;dj wyj,a úèhg yeisrefkd;a wehg f.oßka.=á lkakg isÿ fkdfõ' wyj,a úèhg wekafod;a weh IKh fkdfõ wd l:djl=hs fu;k we;af;a' yenehs IKh lrkafka ljq myr fokafka Tjqkaf.a j.lsu l=ula j.ùu wd f,i fï.ek idlépd jkafka ta.ek i<ld n,d ta wh wmrdohla isoao l< mqoa.,hska yeáhg" wmrdohg ysñ o~qju,eìh hq;= h lshd fkdfõ' kuq;a m%cd;ka;%jdoh.ek l:d lrk úg fjkiafldg ie<lsu jeks foaj,a ldka;djka w;aú k nj f;areï.; hq;= h' ta wkqj ysxikfhka f;dr Ôj;aúfï whs;sh" úfyaifhka ldka;djkag ;yjqre fjkafk flfiao hkak ms<sn j;a th uq,sl whs;sjdislï mßéfþohg we;=<;a o hkak;a fidhd ne,sh hq;= h' B<Õg isú,a yd foaymdk whs;sjdislï we;=<;a l< hq;f;a flfia ±hs ne,sh hq;= h' iudc" wd¾ól iy ixiald;sl whss;ska lshk foa iudkhfhka fndfyda jhjia:dj, olakg ke;' kuq;a m%.;sys,s jhjia:dj, tu whs;sjdislï o we;=<;a fõ' ol=kq wm%sldj.;a;;a" fka,m,h.;a;;a" ta jhjia:d ;=<g" úfyaifhkau myapd;a hqo iufha ks¾udkh jk jhjia:dj, iudc wd¾:sl whs;ska wka;¾.; h' th wfma jhjia:djg we;=<;a lsíu b;du;a u wjyh fohls' wfma mj;sk jhjia:dfõ we;a;gu mdfjk.;shla ;sfí' thska lshkafka jhjia:dj wfma W;a;ß;r ks;sh fõ' kuq;a

64 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ jhjia:djg mßndysrj ;sfhk fjkia fldg ie<lsu" iudkd;au;djh fkdue;ss ldka;djkag n,mdk iuyrla ks;s kej; úu¾ykhlr ta ks;s" ks;s fmdf;ka bj;a lrkakg wfma jhjia:dfjka n,hla ke;' túg idudkh ks;sh wo msysgd ;sfnkafka jhjia:dfõ ks;shg jvd by< ;ekl h' jhjia:dfõ l,ska ;snqkq fjkiafldg ie<lsu we;s ks;s nj;a l< fkdyels nj wmf.a jhjia:dfõ i yka fõ' wfkla ldrkhkï" w ;a ks;shla f.fkk úg" ta ks;sh wmgiqÿiq o keoao hehs mejishyels jkafka i;s folla blaujd.sh miqjhs' bka miq ks;sh ks;shla yeáhg wdjdg miq kej; úuiqï lrkakg neß nj wfma jhjjia:dfõu i yka fõ' kj jhjia:djla iïmdokh lrk úg ta j.ka;sh f.fkkakg fkdyels hehs wms mjiuq' fjkiafldg ie<lsfï mrk ks;s.kkdjla ldka;djkag wod<j ;sfí' mjq, iïnkao ks;s yd Wreuh iïnkao ks;s WodyrKhg.;yels h' rcfha bvï whs;sh iïnkaofhka o ldka;djkag wys;lr ks;s we;' B<Õg whdf,a hefï mk;.; yels w;r th iqoaokaf.a ld,fha 1800.Kkaj, f.kd ks;shls' wo ta ks;s tllaj;a tx.,ka;fha ke;s kuq;a wfma,xldfõ ;ju;a ;sfí' ta ks;s hgf;a iu,sx.sl" ixl%dka;sl,sx.sl iy,sx. sl fiajhg wh;a ldka;dfjda w;awvx.=jg.efk;s' mdf¾?g.ukal<;a" idudkh ks;sh hgf;a b;du;au whqla;s iy.; f,i fï wh w;awvx.=jg.efk;s' ke;akï ta whj fmd,sis j,ska f.kf.dia whq;= úèhg Ndú; lr;s' tjeks ks;s wfma ks;s fmdf;a ;sìh hq;= ke;' iu,sx.sl;ajh iïnkaofhka ;sfhk ks;sh whska l<hq;= fõ' ldka;d ksfhdackh foaymd,k ksfhdackh.;a úg ldka;d md¾yajfha ;sfnkafka wvq ksfhdackhla' wm 50g 50.ek l:d l< o" md¾,sfïka;=fõ ldka;d ksfhdackh 6]g wvq hs' m<d;a indj, 4]g jvd wvqhs' m%dfoayh indj, 2]g;a jvd wvqh' foaymd,kh lrkakg ke;akï Pkaohg bèßm;a fjkakg we;s wjia:dj.ek l:dlrk úg ldka;djkag kdufhdackd,nd fokafka m%odk Odrdfõ mlai 4] - 8]la jeks m%udkhls' wj ksfhdackhg fya;= jkafka Pkaohg bèßm;aùu i yd wjia:dj fkdue;s ùu h' tys ft;sydislju ldka;djg,eî ;sfnkafka wju ie<lsuls' ta ish,a, m%cd;ka;%jd rduqj ;=< olskakg wjyh h' ±ka ud¾;= udifha m<d;a md,k ue;sjrkh meje;a fõ' m<d;a md,k Pkao ks;sh ixfydaokh fjkafka 2012 h' wmg Pkao meje;aùug jkafka ñy% l%uhla hgf;a h' hïlsis úèhlg ldka;d ksfhdackh jeä lsßug wksjd¾fhkau fï ks;shg hï w ;a wka;¾.;hla ;sfhkakg wjyhh' l,ska ta mkf;a ;snqfka ;rekhkag 40]l ksfhdackhla wksjd¾h njh' wo th bj;alr ;sfí' wo mkf;a ;sfnkafka ;rekhkag iy ldka;djkag 20] ksfhdackhla ;sìh yel hkak h' wms mjikafka fuhv wksjd¾h úh hq;= njh' úh yel fkdj úh hq;= njh' ud¾;= udihg l,ska ksfhdackh wksjd¾h lrk wdldrhg úê úodk f.ak njg w.ue;s;=ud fmdfrdkaÿ ù we;' Bfha fmf¾od 20fjks ixfydaokhla f.kdfõ h' tys ldka;d ksfhdackh we;=<;a lrkakg mq jka úèhla ;snqfkau ke;' wms lshkafka ksfhdackfha È ldka;djkag ysñ ;ek 20 fjks ixfydaokhla yeáhg" Pkao ks;sh ixfydaokh lsíu fyda tfyka fufyka f.fkk ks;s yeáhg ke;sj jhjia:dj ;=<g fïl wksjd¾h wx.hla foaymd,kh lrkakg ke;akï Pkaohg bèßm;a fjkakg we;s wjia:dj.ek l:dlrk úg ldka;djkag kdufhdackd,nd fokafka m%odk Odrdfõ mlai 4] - 8] la jeks m%udkhls' wj ksfhdackhg fya;= jkafka Pkaohg bèßm;aùu i yd wjia:dj fkdue;s ùu h' tys ft;sydislju ldka;djg,eî ;sfnkafka wju ie<lsuls' ta ish,a, m%cd;ka;%jdè rduqj ;=< olskakg wjyh h' yeáhg we;=<;a l< hq;=h hkak h' ldka;d ksfhdackh iaór jk wdldrhg Pkao ks;s ielfikafka tfia lsífuka muks' foaymd,k mlai ;=< Pkao l%shdj,sh ta wdldrfhka ks¾udkh úh hq;=h hk j.ka;shla jhjia:dj ;=< ;sìh hq;= h' th tla ue;sjrkhlg mukla fkdj ish u ue;sjrkj,g wod< úh hq;= h' fï wdldrhg wm b,a,d isákafka ldka;d whs;sjdislï uq,sl whs;sjdislï mßéfþohg

65 63 we;=<;a úh hq;= njhs' fjkiafldg ie<lsfuka f;drj foaymd,k whs;sjdislï wdrlaidjk wdldrhg jhjia:djg ;=<g j.ka;s we;=<;a l< hq;= h' mj;sk jhjia:dfõ 21$1 iy 12$2 j.ka;sj, ieu mqoa.,fhl=u iudkhs hkqfjka i yka fõ' ta j.ka;s ;sìh hq;= kuq;a fjkia fldg ie<lsfuka f;drj Ôj;sùfï whs;sh ;îu wjyh h' iudk;au;djh mukla u fkdfõ wm b,a,kafka iudk;au;djfha w¾: l:kh yrhd;aul iudk;au;djh yeáhg úh hq;= nj h' tys woyi jkafka l%shdfjkq;a" m%;sm;a;sj,skq;a" ta iudk;au;dj ;sìh hq;= nj h' j.lsu wdkavqj.;hq;=h jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lsífï j.lsu wdkavqj wh;a lr.;hq;=j we;' pkaøsldf.a ld,fha wms tlõ jqkd fyda fkdjqkd" fjkfldg jhjia:d flgqïm; wdkavqj whs;s lr.;af;a h' B<Õg wdkavqj iqÿ fk u yodf.k yeu ;eku.sfha h' wmg u;l yeáhg ú;r ld,fha hdmkfha m<d;a md,k Pkaofha È fmaÿre ;=vqfõ fïc¾,eß úfêr;ak mjd ta úi ï lüg,h iu..sfha h' ish fokdu ke;;a yuqodj mjd ta kj jhjia:djg iyfhda.h ÿkafka h' Ô't,a' msßia iuõ tod isá ohdisß chfialr" lrekdr;ak mrkú;dk" fcda fikúr;ak jf.a wh ixúodk.kkdjla tl;= ù th /f.k rg jfü.sh nj wmsg u;l h' ta fj,dfõ n,fha isá wdkavqj f,i th w;g.eksug ;rï foaymd,k wêiagdkhla ;snqks' kj jhjia:djla iïmdokh lrkjd kï ta wh ;=fkka foll wkque;sh yd cku; úpdrkhlg hd hq;=fõ' tys ck wkque;sh,nd.; hq;=fjk nj wuq;=fjka u;la l< hq;= fkd fõ' ck tl.;djh,nd.kak kï th ;ukaf.a jhjia:djla nj ck;djg ±ksh hq;= h' th cku; úpdrkhlska wkqu; lr.kakg yelsjkafka ck;djf.a woyia f.k Tjqka iuõ.sfhd;a muks' ta ksid fï j.lsfuka wdkavqjg ñfokakg yelshdjla ke;' W;=r ol=k wka;jdohg tfrysj uohia: wh ch.%ykh lr we;s ;;a;ajh ;=< jhjia:d fjkilg rfü hym;a ;;a;ajhla ;sfí' ckjdß 8 ch.%ykhg iq cd;ska úyd, odhl;ajhla,nd ÿkafka h' Tjqka ;sfnk odhl;ajhg ie<ls,a,la fkd±laùfuka W;=rg fokafka krl mksúvhls' ta ksid wdkavqj fï wjia:dj m%fhdackhg.; hq;=j we;' n,dfmdfrd;a;=j j'whs'i' fchmd,ka mßj¾;kh( ks,d¾ tka' ldisï fmñka ±jfgk fmïj;dj;a wi, ke;s úg yfoa we;s jk flú,a,lf.a fida ;ejq,a fia wfka" fyñysg.,df.k hhs k Èhjr iq<x irhg fyñka iief,k m re yk ueo iqiqï isrù nqnq,kafkh mqxñ ñka r< kshxidfha ie Ejls fï uf.a mduq, WKqj r;ajqkq je,s ;,dfõ weo jeà we; úh<s kq. fmd;= úh<s kq. weg''' ta kuq;a ÿr we; isg tk ñysß kdfol jkaks.egfhla.hhs jiaidkhla hèñk''''

66 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh iy ldka;d ksfhdackh jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh ms<sn j Woafhda.su;aj idlépd flfrñka ;sfnk ikaêia:dkhl tla jeo.;au ud;dldjla idlépdfjka neyer lrkq,en ;sfí' md,kfhys ldka;d ksfhdackh i yd fldagdjla we;=<;a lsífï wjyh;djh wo YS%,xldj uqyqk fokq,nkakd jq ksyañ; ;;a;ajhka ;=< lsisodl úyd, jeo.;alula f.k ;snqfka ke;' cryptome.org ldka;d Woaf>daIKhl wjia:djla rejkaos jlaje,a, jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh ms<sn j Woafhda.su;aj idlépd flfrñka ;sfnk ikaêia:dkhl tla jeo.;au ud;dldjla idlépdfjka neyer lrkq,en ;sfí' md,kfhys ldka;d ksfhdackh i yd fldagdjla we;=<;a lsífï wjyh;dj wo YS%,xldj uqyqk fokq,nkakd jq ksyañ; ;;a;ajhka ;=< lsisodl úyd, jeo.;alula f.k ;snqfka ke;' ixlhd f,alk mjikafka wka;sugu krl l;dka;rhls' md,kfhys fï olajd ldka;d ksfhdackh mj;skafka rjqï ixlhdjlska.;fyd;a m<d;a md,k uügfï 2] la o m<d;a uügfï 4] la o cd;sl uügfï 6] la o jyfhks' m<d;a md,k uügfï ldka;d ksfhdackfhys YS%,xldj ysñlr f.k isák ;;a;ajh ^j¾;udkfha 1'8]ls& iuia; ol=kq wdishdkq l,dmfha krlu ;;a;ajh h' ldka;djkag ljod fyda ;uka fjkqfjka wjldyhla we;s lr.; hq;=j ;sfí kï mqrei uq,sl foaymd,k rx.n+ñhla f,i mukla ±lsh yels YS%,xldj b;d nrm;, foaymd,k m%;sixialrkhl wjyh;dfjka fmf<kafka h hkak fuu ixlhd f,alk u.ska hqla;s hqla; lrhs' fuu m%yakfhys flakaøfhys mj;skafka jhjia:dms; yd jhjia:duh jyfhka.;a

67 65 l, ldka;djka i yd jk ksfhdackfha wvqj h' ldka;d m%yak iu.s ikaodkh" wdrlaidj ke;fyd;a wd¾ólh jeks cd;sl m%yak mßoafoka iudk ie,ls,a,lska.kq fkd,efí' ;ju;a tfia fkdi,lk mqoa.,fhda ldka;d m%yak o cd;sl mßudkhl m%yak mßoafoka iudk ie,ls,af,ka ±lsh hq;= nj ms<s. eksug wiu;aj isá;s' we;a; jyfhkau cd;sl m%yak hhs lshk tajd ia;s%ka uqyqk fokq,nk m%yak blaujd hk ixls¾k yd le<ô,s iys; uügulg fudard ;sfí' Èjhsk uq,af,ysu ldka;dfjda,sx.sl IKfha",sx. sl wvkaf;aügïj,g Ndckh lsífï yd.dyia: ysxikfha" fiajd ia:dkj, ia;s% mqrei iudcndù fjkia fldg ie,lsfï" wd¾ól ÿialr;djkaf.a yd hqo jekaouqjla ùfï ÿialr;djg m;aùfï wd jyfhka jk ÿialr;d mrdihlg uqyqk isá;s' ksfhdackfha iudklu cd;shg uy;a msvd f.k fok úyd, m%yak flfrys wjodkh fhduq lsífï m%h;akhla ;=< foaymd,k{hska fï m%yak Wäka m,af,ka ne,sug keuqrejk w;r m%;sm,hla jyfhka ldka;djkag wfkl=;a ish cd;sl m%yakj,g msgqmiska foaymd,k miq wiqkla.eksug n, flí ;sfí' ldka;d ck.ykh 50'7] l nyq;rhla jk ^th ia;s%ka 1000 lg mqreihka 974 wkqmd;hla ;kk w;r tf,i YS%,xldfõ ia;s% mqrei wkqmd;h f.da,sh wkqmd;hg jvd wvq wkqmd;hla fõ& rgl iudch flfrysjk ldka;djkag ;sfnk n,meu fkdi,ld fkdyersh hq;=j ;sfí' neæ ne,aug fmkakqï l< yelafla iudchg msßñkag ;rï odhl;ajhla.eyekqkag ;sìh fkdyels njla h' tfy;a nyq;r ck.ykhla iys; ldka;djkaf.a m%yak wjidkfha cd;shg ydkslr f,i n,mdkq we;s nj jgyd.; hq;=j we;' ldka;djka rfü wd¾ólhg ie`.jqkq iïm;ls ldka;djka i yd idoksh jev lsífï mßirhlg wdodr lsíu yd tjeks mßirhla we;s lsíu u.ska wd¾ólfha úúo wxyj, úfyaifhka cd;sl wd¾ólfha fld kdráh f,i iq mßudk jhjidh wxyfhys úyd, m%.;shla we;s lr.; yels jkq we;' tfiau ;rek ldka;djkag Wiia wohdmk úl,am Èß.ekaùu u.ska wohdmk lafia;%hg yd wd¾ól lafia;%hg o úyd, jyfhka wdodr lrkakkg mq jk' tuksid we;eï úg iudchg úyd,;u n,meu lrkafka ldka;djka hhs olakg mq jk' tfy;a md,kfhys Tjqkag hï ms<s.eksula fokqfha Tjqkaf.a m%.;shg nrm;,a f,i ndod lrñka ÿ¾,n f,i h' md,kfhys ldka;djkag by< ksfhdackhla,nd u Tjqkaf.a ÿla.ekú,s ms<sn j y`v k.kakg jvd jeä wjldyhla,nd fok w;r ta wkqj Tjqka Wfoid úl,am fidhd hdug yels jkq we;' m%isoao ixjdoj, mukla ldka;djka ksfhdackh jkafkah hk ye`.su we;s ùu wjdikdjka; h' w;sf¾l jyfhka.;a l, wfkla lsisÿ md¾yajhlg jvd <uhskaf.a whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka úyd, jyfhka fmks isákafka ldka;djkah hkak we;a; h' tuksid ldka;djkag úyd, ksfhdackhla,nd u j¾;udkfha YS%,xldfõ ldka;djka yd <uqka hk fomd¾yjhgu imhd ;sfnk há;, myiqlï ÈhqKq lsíug fiajh lsíula jkq we;' W;=re kef.kysr ldka;d y~ YS%,xldj uq,af,ys ldka;djka kj jhjia:djg tl;= lsíug wfmalaid lrkafka fudkjd o hkak y kd.eksfï m%h;akhla fndfyda is;a weo.kakd yd m%n, ldrkd u;= lr ;sfí' ukakdrfï ldka;djka iu. mej;s iïuql idlépdj, ldka;djka m%odk jyfhkau md,kfhys ldka;djkaf.a ksfhdackfha wvqj ms<sn j hï m%udkhl l,lsíula fmkajd ;sfí' ldka;djka yd.eyekq <uqka,sx.sl wvkaf;aügïj,g yd ysßyerj,g f.dÿrelr.eksfï ìh Wmojk wkqmd;h;a iu. tjeks wjdikdjka; ldka;d ck.ykh 50'7] l nyq;rhla jk ^th ia;s%ka 1000 lg mqreihka 974 wkqmd;hla ;kk w;r tf,i YS%,xldfõ ia;s% mqrei wkqmd;h f.da,sh wkqmd;hg jvd wvq wkqmd;hla fõ& rgl iudch flfrysjk ldka;djkag ;sfnk n,meu fkdi,ld fkdyersh hq;=j ;sfí' neæ ne,aug fmkakqï l< yelafla iudchg msßñkag ;rï odhl;ajhla.eyekqkag ;sìh fkdyels njla h' isÿùï md,kh lsíug hï mshjrla y kajd Èh hq;=j ;snqfka kï jhjia:djg hg;a msßfihska 20] l j;a ldka;d ksfhdackhla y kajd Èh hq;= nj ukakdrfï ldka;dfjda úyajdi lf<da h' fuu Èia;s%lalfha jvd;a u l;d lf<a ldka;djka h' ëjr l¾udka;hg fnfyúka m%lg m%foayhla f,i fuu ldka;djka úfyai m%yak wisñ; m%udkhlg uqyqk fo;s' ''' wd¾ól wjia:djkaf.a wvqj fya;= fldg f.k hdmk Èia;s%lalfha ldka;dfjda úyd, jyfhka.dyia: ysxikh yd.ksld jd;a;sh hk

68 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ ldka;djka fhdackd lf<a ldka;d ksfhdackfha fldagdj kshu lr.kakjdg wu;rj jhjia:dj ta ta Èia;s%lalj, ldka;djka yd <uqka wdrlaid lsífï fjku n,;, yd jrula iys; ldka;djka yd <uqka i ydjk Èia;s%la uügfï fldñiï msysgqùfï úê úodk wvx.= lr.; hq;= nj h' m%yakj,g Ndckh ù isá;s' flfia jqj o hdmkfha msßñ ckhd ldka;d m%yakh yd md,kfha ldka;d ksfhdackh ms<sn m%yakh u;= lsíu olakg,eîu fid re úu;shla oekùh' Tjqka bèßm;a lrk,o mßè ish fokdu ldka;djkag ljod fyda iudk Odß;djlska hq;=j ie,lsh hq;= ;snqfka kï Tjqkag md,kfha úúo uügï ;=< úyd, m%uql;ajhla Èh hq;= h hk woyfia isáhy' iuyr msßñ fuu fldagdj 25] la úh hq;= hhs ls w;r tla wfhl= lsfõ iene m%cd;ka;%jd úl,amhla ùug kï 50] l fldagdjla,nd Èh hq;= nj h' jjqkshd Èia;s%lalfhys ldka;djka jvd;a l;d lf<a ldka;djka jf.au <uqka iïnkao m%;sm;a;s ms<sn Tjqkaf.a l,lsíu.ek h' Tjqyq úohd isjf,da.kdokaf.a wudkqisl IKh yd >d;kh ms<sn ldrkh u;= l<y' tfiau úohd m;a jq brkugu uqyqk ÿka ls,sfkdéñfha IrkHdf.a m%yakh o u;= l<y' úohdf.a >d;kh uyck fldamh w;s lsíug fya;= jqj o IrkHdf.a >d;kh tjka uyck fldamhla wjq jdæfha ke;snj Tjqyq lshd isáhy' Tjqka tu m<df;a fmd,sish iu. wef.a isoaêh iïnkaofhka udi.kkla ;siafia l%shdldí jqj o Tjqka úyajdi lrk wkaoug iqmqreÿ mßè WodiSk ks;sh ls%hdjg ke.su fya;= fldg f.k ndodjkag uqyqkmeug isÿ jq nj Tjqyq ;jÿrg;a lshd isáhy' tfyhska jjqkshdfõ ldka;djka fhdackd lf<a ldka;d ksfhdackfha fldagdj kshu lr.kakjdg wu;rj jhjia:dj ta ta Èia;s%lalj, ldka;djka yd <uqka wdrlaid lsífï fjku n,;, yd jrula iys; ldka;djka yd <uqka i ydjk Èia;s%la uügfï fldñiï msysgqùfï úê úodk wvx.= lr.; hq;= nj h' tfiau ldka;djkaf.a ksfhdackh by< uügulska jeä l< hq;=h hk ;¾lh Yla;su;a lrñka.ksld jd;a;sh ms<sn m%yakh o u;= flßk' wjidk jyfhka lka;f,a ldka;djka lshd isáfha Tjqkaf.a Èia;s%lalfhys.Dyia: ysxikh yd wmfhdackh nrm;, m%yak nj;a kj jhjia:djg ks¾foayhla f,i wmfhdack fyda IK isoaêhla ms<sn j lrekq lshd isàfï ldka;djkag yd ;rek.eyekq <uqkag ryis.;j lrekq lsug bv i,ik úêúodk we;=<;a l< hq;= nj h' Tjqka ;j ÿrg;a lshd isáfha Tjqkaf.a wmfhdaclhdg tfrysj idlais fï ldka;djka j<lajk m%odk ndolhka jkafka th m%isoaêfha isÿ ùu h' tu ksid bèßhg wehg flf,iqkq.re;ajhla we;sj isàug isÿjk nj h' tu ksid fuu m%yakhg fyd u úl,amh jqfha IK yd$fyda wmfhdack kvq i yd idlais ug ldka;djka i yd fjku wêlrkhla msysgqùug i,ld ne,su h' tfiau m%isoaêfha tjeks úkaè; ;ek;a;shlf.ka m%ldy igyka lr.kakd úg ldka;djlf.a wnsudkh yd.re;ajh wdrlaid lsífï wjyh;dj Èß.ekaúh hq;= h' bkaèhdfõ mkapdh;a hdka;%khka ìï uügul mqrjeis md,k WmlrKhls' ldka;djkaf.a nyq;rhlg tajdfha iudðl;ajh ;sfí' ue; b;sydifhys ldka;djka ms<sn tys wdl,amh wmls¾;shg m;a lrk,o isÿùula rgl fy<s orõ ùu ie,ls,a,g.; hq;= ldrkhls' flfia jqj o ldka;djka fuu m%dfoaysh md,k hdka;%khkays nyq;rh ;kkafka kï wi,ajeis m;a cd;shl tu m%;sm;a;sh ls%hdjg fhdokakg neß ùug fya;=jla ke;' th YS%,xld wdkavqj fï rfü ldka;djkaf.a ks¾foayj,g fyd g weyqïlka ulaa jk w;r fuu ud;dldj yd jhjia:dj u.ska ldka;djka n,i;= l< yelafla flfia o hkak ms<sn j mßiaiñka i,ld ne,sug nrm;,a f,i jeä ld,hla lem lsíu jeo.;a h' tfiau w;sf¾l jyfhka wdkavqj fuu m%h;akfha ldka;djka me;a;lg fkd±óu iy;sl l< yelsjk fia kj jhjia:dj ilia lsífï ld¾hh i yd tla/iajk lñgqfjys ldka;d m%;sy;hla o we;=<;a l< hq;= h' kj jhjia:djg Tjqkaf.a ks¾foay bèßm;a lsíug uy ck;djg wjldyhla,nd fokafka kï túg iudk èjkshlska hq;=j ldka;djkaf.a y`v weisug o bv ie,ish hq;= h' f,dalfha m<uqjk w.ue;sjßh yd ckdêm;sjßhla f;dard.eksu ksielju Okd;aul isÿùï h' tfy;a md,kfhys ldka;d ksfhdackfha j;auka ixlhd f,alk ie,ls,a,g.kakd úg tajd yqfola ixfla;d;aul wnskhkag W!kkh ùulg jvd jeä hula fkdfõ' Tjqkaf.a iïnjfha isgu ldka;djka Tjqkagu úfyais; jq m%yak wm%udk ixlhdjlg uqyqk isák w;r cd;sfha by<u ffk;sl,shú,a,jk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj u.ska wjidkfha fuu igk Tjqka ;ksju f.khd hq;=j ;sfíh hk ìfhka w;a ñèh yels fia ck.ykfha fuu fldgig wdrlaidj yd wiajeiqu i,id,sh hq;= h' ²

69 67 Ñka;kh os<s kï hym;a wdkavql%uhla ke The 1972 constitution as a 3D structure. Constitutional research and information by Asanga Welikala, architectural rendition by Channa Daswatte. uydpd¾h frdydka iurôj wfma rfü ;sfnk ish u m%yakj,g uq, 78 jhjia:dj hehs fmdÿ ms<s.eksula we;' fidans; yduqÿrejkaf.a idodrk iudchla i yd jq cd;sl jhdmdrh jgd lsishï msßila f.dkq jqfha u ta woyi we;sj h' jika; fiakdkdhlf.a mqoa.,sl uka;%s fhdackdfõ o" miqj meñks r;k yduqÿrejkaf.a fhdackdj,sfha o thg fjkia woyila ;snqfka ke;' ug kï 78 jhjia:dj" we;a;gu wfma rfü m%yakj,g idolhla úhyels kuq;a th tlu idolh f,i ie<lsh fkdyel' ula ksid o h;a tfia jkafka 78 jhjia:dj fya;=j fkdj 50.Kkaj, w.nd.fha isg furg wdrïn jq foaymd,kfha M,hla jk ksid h' foaymd,k úohdjg wkqj rdchfha mßmd,k ;ka;%h rdchfha iaór úodhlh fõ' fjiañksiag¾ wdld;sfha wdkavql%uhla ;=< foaymd,k úodhlh m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK.kq,nk w;r mj;sk ks;shg wkqj tajd l%shdjg k.kafka rdchfha mßmd,k hka;%kh ;=<sks' mj;sk ks;s foaymd,k úodhlfha m%;sm;a;sj,g fkd.e,fmkafka

70 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ kï ta ks;s fjkia lrk ;=re foaymd,k úodhlfha ;SrK l%shd;aul lsíug iaór úodhlh ne s ke;' 60.Kkaj, isg fï iaór úodhlfha l%shdoduh foaymd,k úodhlh úiska ÿ¾j, flßk' ulaksid o h;a foaymd,k úodhlfha ys;=jlaldr ;SrK l%shd;aul lsíug rdchfha iaór úodhlh ndodjla jq ksid h' tu mßmd,k ;ka;%h kslïu ÿ¾j, jqjd fkdj wms ifé;kslj ÿ¾j, l<d hehs lshkakg mq jk' iefyk ÿrg rdch hka;%kh ÿ¾j, lsífï j.lsu furg ju Ndr.; hq;= fõ' rdch mßmd,kh fufyh jq ks,odß ;ka;%hg tfrysj fmruqk.;af;a jfï msßia h' ud¾áka úl%uisxy uy;df.a kjl:dj,g o tls ldrkdj f;aud ù we;' ñksiqka léféßj,g jevla m,la lr.eksug fkdyelsj" odv rdch ;ka;%hlg hg ù msvdjg m;aùu tajd ;=< olakg,enqks' tfia fpdaokd lrñka tys msvdfjka.e,ùug hehs mjid fï wh" isú,a fiajdfõ n,h leãug u;jd ;,fha iefyk jev fldgila l< y' fuh w;s;.=k fodia fydhkjd fkdfõ'.ï uq,doekshd lshkafka b;du;a kmqre if;la f,i y kajd wms kjl:dj,ska" Ñ;% l:dj,ska yd Ñ;%mg j,ska tajd ks.djg m;alf<uq' ish,af,ka u isÿ jqfha iuia; l%shdj,sh u foaymd,kslrkh ùu h' mj;sk foa ;=< we;s ÿ¾j,;d bj;a fkdlr tajd lvd ì ±uqjd ñi ta fjkqjg fjk fohla f.dvke.=fõ o ke;' fu;k ;sfnk m%yakh jkafka thhs' Th leãfï l%shdoduh tl mlaihla u; mgjkakg fkdyels h' iaòr f,alï,dg B<ÕweKh.eiqfõ fê'wd¾' chj¾ok h' Tyq wdkkao ;siai w,aúia keu;s mqoa.,fhla msáka.;af;a h' wdkkao ;siai w,aúia Tyqf.a f,alï lr.;af;a h' t;ekska fkdkej;s m<uq jrg msg flfkl=g wud;hdxyhla Ndr ÿkafka h' ta 1965 h' rdch fiajdjg meñksh hq;af;a isú,a fiajdj Tiafia h' 1972 jk úg rdchfha mßmd,k ;ka;%h fyj;a iaór úodhlfha jefâ wjika fõ' tys m%;sm,hla f,i miqld,skj tu fiajdfõ iajdëk;ajh leã.sfha h' lsishï ks;shlg hg;aj m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lrk rdch hka;%kfha fldgila ÿ¾j, jk úg tys ßla;h mqrjkafka foaymd,k n,odíka nj Tjqkag jegyqfka ke;' fuys m%;sm,hla f,i fmr fuka fkdj ±ka foaym<dk úodhlh mukla fkdj iaór úodhlh o fufyhjkafk foaymd,k{fhda h' ir,j.;af;d;a wud;hdxy f.dvke.s,s j,ska weu;sjrhd fldñia.eksu m%isoao ryils' ld¾hd, i yd.kq,nk fld<u mqrd we;s f.dvke.s,s yeu tllg u jdf.a fï weu;sjrekg idcqju fldñia,efn;s' fldñia.eysu yd uyd mßudk uq,h jxpd wdrïn jqfha ta wdldrhg h' ta wdl¾ikh uq,skau we;sflrefka" fjiañksiag¾ l%uh úkdy lsíu Tiafia h' tla;rd wdldrhlg wms wr lshkafka fjiañksiag¾ wdld;s j,x.= fkdjk fohla njg m;alf<uq' fjiañksiag¾ wdld;sfha m%odku,laikh ;uhs rdch hkqfjka fohla fukau tys m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lsíug iajdêk jq Yla;su;a hdka;%khla ;sîu' tx.,ka;fha iaór f,alï yß jeo.;a ;k;=rls' foaymd,k úodhlh úiska.efkk m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK rdchfha m%;sm;a;s f,i ks;shg hg;aj l%shdjg k.kafka rdchfha ks, ;ka;%h ;=<sks' ta taf.d,a,kag j.lsfï yd j.ùfï jd;djrkhla we;s lrk tl ;uhs foaymd,k úodhlh lrkafka' fjiañksiag¾ wdld;sh ;=< tu lghq;= weu;s wëlaikh lrkjd ñila ta jevh weu;sjrhd lrkakg hkafka ke;' kuq;a rdchfha mßmd,k lghq;a; lrk hka;%kh ÿ¾j, lsíu;a iu. ish,a,u weu;s;=ud lrkjd lshk ;ekg.ukalr ;sfí' thska miq uyckhd o ish,a, lsíu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkafka weu;s;=ud f.ks' fï jhjia:d m%;sixialrk f>daidj we;=f<a fjiañksiag¾ wdld;sh o ckdêm;s wdld;sh o wmsg.e<fmkafka lshk újdoh kej; u;= ù ;sfí' fufia ù ;sfnkafka wdkavqlrkh lshk úihg wod< Ñka;kfha we;s wjq, ksid h' fuhska l=uk l%uhlg wms.uka l< o ks;shg hg;aj lghq;= lrk iaór úodhlh fyj;a rdchfha mßmd,k ;ka;%fha iajdêk;ajh /l.;hq;=j we;' meyeè<s Ñka;kh fjiañksiag¾ l%ufha foaymd,k úodhl WmÈkafka jhjia:dodhlh ;=<sks' ta fol folla yeáhg fmfkkafka ù kuq;a ta fol fjka fjka j ke;' m;afjk weu;sjrhd úodhlfha fukau jhjia:dodhlfha o lghq;= lrhs' biair 14 fokdf.a" 15 fokdf.a" 20 fokdf.a" leìkü ukav, ;snqks' tfy;a leìkü weu;slula fkd,eîu ms<sn ldgj;a t;rïu m%yakhla jqfha ke;' kuq;a wo jk úg leìkü weu;s Oqrhla.ekSug fu;rï msvkhla we;af;a wehs@ ula ksido h;a 40.Kkaj, 50.Kkaj, Th

71 69 foaymd,k úodhlh t;rï wdl¾iksh ;ekla fkdù h' tod ish,a, lf<a iaór f,alïjre yryd rdch ks,odíyq fj;s' weu;sjrekag ;snqfka úihg wod, m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh yd wëlaik lghq;= muks' udf. u;fha yeáhg ta Èkj, úfoay weu;slu fyda l:dkdhllu,enqfkd;a Tyqf.ka jevla ke;' Tyqg B,Õ Pkaoh ch.%ykh wmyiq h' Tyqg ji fm;a;la ÿkakd fia hs" tod th ie<l=fka' wjqreÿ 5la weu;s Oqrfha fiajhlr Tyq f.or hdhq;= h' ulaksid o h;a" tyqg lsis fohla lr.kakg b;=re jkafka ke;' tu weu;slï wksla weu;s ;k;=re j,g;a jvd idudkh wëlaik ;k;=re muklaùu thg fya;=j h' rdchfha úfoay m%;sm;a;shg wkqj ta ish jev lf<a rdch fiajdfjks' ±ka tfia fkdj ieu weu;s Oqrhlau wdl¾iksh fõ' wo fudlla fyda úodhl n,hla ;sfnkafka kï uka;%sjrhd mukla fkdj idudkh ñksiaiqka o thg leu;s h' bka f;afrkafka wr rdchfha iaór úodhlh ì ±uqjdhska miq foaymd,k úodhlh wdl¾yksh jq nj h' fmr fuka fkdj ±ka foaym<dk úodhlh mukla fkdj iaór úodhlh o fufyhjkafk foaymd,k{fhda h' ir,j.;af;d;a wud;hdxy f.dvke.s,s j,ska weu;sjrhd fldñia.eksu m%isoao ryils' ld¾hd, i yd.kq,nk fld<u mqrd we;s f.dvke.s,s yeu tllg u jdf.a fï weu;sjrekg idcqju fldñia,efn;s' fldñia.eysu yd uyd mßudk uq,h jxpd wdrïn jqfha ta wdldrhg h' ta wdl¾ikh uq,skau we;sflrefka" fjiañksiag¾ l%uh úkdy lsíu Tiafia h' tal ld,hla ;siafia jq fohla jk ksid th 78 jhia:djg fya;a;= lrkak fkdyel' fuhg wu;rj wêlrkh o hïlsis m%udkhlg wms úyajdi lrkafka ke;s ;;a;ajhlg meñksfha h' fuys ;¾ldkql+, m%;sm,h f,i rdch ;ka;%h ÿ¾j,ùfï ßla;h mqrjkakg ±ka foaymd,k{hd fmrg meñk we;' wefußld tlai;a ckmoh úiska wkq.ukh lrk ms<sfj;a fï wjia:dfõ flfkl=f.a u;lhg kef.kakg mq jk' tfy;a tfia jkq we;af;a ta mqoa.,hd lsis lf<l wefußldfõ Ôj;a fkdjq fukau jhjia:djka ms<sn.euqßka l,amkd lrkafkla fkdjkafka kï muks' fï jhjia:dodhlfha flfklaj ckdêm;sg ;udf.a leìkü ukav,hg m;alr.eksug wjyh kï tfia.; yelafla tu mqoa.,hd fiajfhka bj;a jqkdhska miqj h' ;eka foll isáh fkdyels h' WodyrKhla yeáhg la,skagka ksõfhda¾laj, fifkg yeáhg ysáhd h' rdch f,alï jq iekska th w;yerod hkakg wehg isÿúh' l,amkdj" ld, mßéfþofha lekvdfõ o u;fyaohg ;=vqÿka tlls' tu újdfha fndfyda fofkla mejiq foh jqfha wmsg ;sfnkafka md¾,sfïka;= l%uhla' wefußldkq ckdêm;s l%uh furgg f.k tkq olskakg wmsg fka ke hkqfjks' md¾,sfïka;= l%uhl ue;sjrkhla hkq foaymd,k mlai w;=ßka isÿflfrk f;dard.eksula úkd w.ue;s wfmalailhska w;=ßka flfkl= f;dard.eksu fkdfõ' leìkü wud;hjre ;uka Ndrj isák úifhys úfyai{hskaùu wfmalaid fkdlrk kuq;a rcfha hka;%khg j.jkakka njg j.n,d.efkkafka Tjqka u.sks' fï wkqj wmsg fmfkkafka md¾,sfïka;= l%uhla id¾:l jkakg kï rdch hka;%kh fufyhjk iajdêk Yla;su;a mßmd,k fiajhla ;sìhhq;= nj h' túg wud;hjrhdg ;udg NdrjQ wud;hdxyfha úih ms<sn mq,a wjfndaohla wjyh jkafka ke;' ckdêm;s l%uh ckdêm;s l%ufha foaymd,k Ñka;kh ±ka wfma foaymd,k ixiald;shg fl;rï ;Èka n,meïlr we;a o hkak wud;h ukav,h m;alsíu iïnkaofhka miq.sh i;s lsysmfha mej;s fkdfhl=;a l:dj,ska fmks hhs' uqo,a wud;h Oqrhg wd¾ól úohd{fhl= m;al< hq;=j ;snq nj fndfyda fofkl=f.a u;h úh' úÿ,sh iy n,yla;s wud;hdxyh,ndèh hq;=j ;snqfka úÿ,s bxðfkarefjl=g hkak Tjqkaf.a woyi úh' uyck Pkaofhka f;aím;a fkdjq mqoa.,hska cd;sl,ehsia;=fjka md¾,sfïka;=jg m;alsíug Tjqka úmlai jqj;a" wud;h Oqr ta ta úih ms<sn úfyai{hskag,efnkq ±laug Tjqkag wjyh h' ta ta úihka j,g úfyai{ Ndjh ysñ WmfoaYlhka wjyh jkafka ckdêm;s wdkavq l%uhlg h' ckdêm;s l%uhl leìkü ukav,h jq l,s ckdêm;sf.a WmfoaYl ukav,hla úkd th úodhl m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh lsíu ms<sn j n,h iys; ukav,hla fkdfõ' wefußldfõ ;sfnkafka iïmq¾kfhka fjiañksiag¾ wdld;shg fjkia wdld;shla' taf.d,a,kaf.a jhjia:dodhlh lrkafk jhjia:dodhl lghq;= muks' lsisu fjk lghq;a;la

72 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ lrkakg fkdyel' th iïmq¾kfhka fjkia ia:dkhls' jhjia:dodhlfha flfklaj ckdêm;sg ;udf.a leìkü ukav,hg m;alr.eksug wjyh kï tfia.; yelafla tu mqoa.,hd fiajfhka bj;a jqkdhska miqj h' ;eka foll isáh fkdyels h' WodyrKhla yeáhg la,skagka ksõfhda¾laj, fifkg yeáhg ysáhd h' rdch f,alï jq iekska th w;yerod hkakg wehg isÿúh' flfia kuq;a úodhl ckdêm;s l%ufha jhjia:dodhlh úodhlfhka iajdëkj mej;sh hq;= h' hexls äls hk ish úlg kduh wkqj l%shdlrñka" ckdêm;s fê' wd¾' chj¾ok wefußldkq l%uh iyuq,skau" úfyaifhkau úodhlfha iy jhjia:dodhlfha meyeè<s fjkaùula iys;j furgg fhdod fkd.;af;a ukao hkak ud ks;r l,amkdlrk fohls' fï mriamrhka fya;=fldgf.k wm rfü jhjia:duh uq,o¾u flf,is we;' WodyrKhla f,i md¾,sfïka;=jg uq,h md,k j.lsu mejíu f,dalfha yeu ;eku ;sfhk uq,sl uq,o¾uhls' th md¾,sfïka;=fõ wjidk wdrlaidj hs' th fkdue;s jqfha whjeh w;ßka uqo,a tydg fuydg lsífuks' uqo,a wud;hdxyhg n,;, we;s nj mjid ta wud;hdxyhg fjku.skqula mj;ajdf.k.sfha h' bka.uh jkafka Tjqkaf.a wnsu;h wkqj th md,kh lsíug mq jka nj h' tx.,ka;fha rcjrekag mjd uq,h md,kh ms<sn isudjka mekjqfha Wla; uq,o¾uhg wkqj h' kuq;a ysgmq w. úksiqre ir;a is,ajd,xldfõ th o úkdy lf<a h' fï wkqj fmfkkafka" fê' wd¾' chj¾ok l=uk w;lgj;a ke;s l%uhla fhdod.;a nj h' ta l%uh wkqj wud;hjreka m;al< hq;= jqfha ue;sjrkfhka f;aím;ajqjka w;=frks' ^uq,a ie<iqug wkqj cd;sl,ehsia;=jla wvx.=jqfha ke;& Tyq" leìkü fkdjk wud;h Oqr fldgila ks¾udkh lsífuka iy úuoh.; whjeh kï jq cq.=maidckl l%uh uka;%sjrekaf.a úodhkl n,;kaydj ixis jd.kakg bvlv ie<is h' fvdkfud¾ l%uh w;ayod ne,su fï úodhl n,;kaydj wmf.a fï úodhl n,;kaydj wmf.a foaymd,k ixiald;sfha uq,sl wx.hla njg m;a ù ;sfí' w.ue;sjrhd kej;;a úodhl ldrl ind l%uh fhdackd lrkafka jegqkq <sf ka f.dv tafï ud¾.hla f,i hehs is;kakg mq jk' uka;%sjrekaf.a úodhl n,;kaydj w;ayerùfï yelshdjla fkdfmfka kï ^flfia fj;;a" jhjia:d ixfydaokh i yd Tjqkaf.a Pkao wjyh h'& ish fokdu úodhl lñgqj,g m;al< yel' foaymd,k ixiald;sfha uq,sl wx.hla njg m;a ù ;sfí' w.ue;sjrhd kej;;a úodhl ldrl ind l%uh fhdackd lrkafka jegqkq <sf ka f.dv tafï ud¾.hla f,i hehs is;kakg mq jk' uka;%sjrekaf.a úodhl n,;kaydj w;ayerùfï yelshdjla fkdfmfka kï ^flfia fj;;a" jhjia:d ixfydaokh i yd Tjqkaf.a Pkao wjyh h'& ish fokdu úodhl lñgqj,g m;al< yel' w¾: ±laúh yels idodrk lñgq ixlhdjla m;alr tajdfha indm;s ;k;=re i yd m;ajkakkaf.ka wud;h ukav,h ilialr.; yel'túg' fjiañksiag¾ l%ufha ;sìh hq;= mßè" rcfha lghq;= f.khefï j.lsu orkq we;af;a rdch ks,odíka úisks' ks,odßkaf.a lghq;= md,kh lrk uyd n,.;= weu;sjrfhl= fjkqjg fï l%uh ;=< isákqfha lñgq idudðlfhda fj;s' túg lñgq idudðlhska tlsfkldf.a jer tlsfkld úiska ksjerè flfrk w;r tu.ska mdrodyhndjh iy;sl flfrkq we;' flfia kuq;a úodhl ldrl ind l%uh" leìkü wdld;sh yd ckdêm;s l%uh hgf;a wm ±ka fyïn;a ù we;' wjyh kï w ;a l%uhla.ek is;d n,kakg mq jk' kj l%uhlg hkafka kï th y kajd Èh hq;af;a foaymd,k{hskaf.a ukfod< imqrkakg fkdfõ' ta wkqj ksrjq,a ckdêm;s l%uhla y qkajd fï o jrola fkdfmfka' ñhekaudrhg o ue; tjeks ckdêm;s l%uhla y kajd we;' ñhkaud¾ l%uh úodhlh iy jhjia:dodhlh w;r meyeè<s fjkaùula we;s lsíug ñhekaudrh lghq;= lr we;s w;r th fyd ka l%shd;auljk nj fmfka' wefußldkq foaymd,k idro¾u wmf.a is;a ;=<g fld;rï ;Èka ßx.df.k we;s±hs i<lk úg" wm;a tu l%uh w;yod ne,sfï jrola ke;ehs fmfka' ñhkaudrfha fyg wksoaod Pkaoh meje;afõ' tys we;af;a oaùudkav,sl jhjia:dodhlhls' ñhkaud¾ jhjia:djg wkqj Tjqka wjqreÿ 5g jrla tl uy ue;sjrkhla mj;aj;s' ta ue;sjrkfhka Tjqkaf.aaa ind folg u ksfhdað;fhda

73 71 m;a fj;s' tfia m;alr.;a;dhska miq" Tjqka m%dfoayshj bkak fjk;a jhjia:d ukav,j, wh o tlalr ^wfma m<d;a indj, ksfhdað;hska jeks& bf,lafg%dar,a fldf,aê tlla ido;s' ta whf.a Pkaofhka Wm ckdêm;sjreka isõ fofkla m;alr.ks;s' ta isõ fokd m;a l< fudfydf;au ta whf.a wdik mqrmamdvq jk w;r ta isõ fokdf.ka tlaflfklaj wjidkfha ckdêm;s yeáhg m;alr.efk;s' B <Õg Tjqka bkafka jhjia:dodhlh ;=< fkdj ;u ks<hg wod< ;ekaj, h' ckdêm;s;=ud tu Oqrhg m;ajq miq Tyq leìkü ukav,h m;alr.ks' fudk mlaifha isák ux;%sjrfhla jqj;a wjyh;dj u; ckdêm;sg Tyqj leìkü tlg m;alr.; yel' kuq;a ta iuõ Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a uka;%slu wfydais fõ' fuh ;uhs n,h fn u lshk wdld;sh' ta lshkafka" úodhlh ;sfhkafk tl ;ekl' jhjia:dodhlh ;sfhkafka ;j;a ;ekl' wêlrkh ;sfhkafka ta folgu fjkia ;ekl' tajd w;r iïnkaohla we;s kuq;a iïmq¾kfhka tajd iajdhla; ;eka h' ta u.ska tlsfkld md,kh jk fuh" ixj¾k yd ;=,k uq,o¾uh u; l%shd;aul jk l%uhla nj meyeè<s h' iudma;sh l=uk jhjia:djla yeÿj;a ta jhjia:djg md,lhska.re fkdlrkafka kï th,eêcdjg ldrkhls' jhjia:dfõ l iqÿ wl=rej,ska hï hï foaj,a ;sfnk kuq;a wms tajd l%shd;aul lrkafka ke;' th uy kskaè; ;;a;ajhla mukla fkdj tys we;s jeo.;alu l=ula o hkak o.eg jls' zwms f;dard fírd wrf.k ta le,a,g leu;shs" fï le,a,g leu;s keye" wms fïl l%shd;aul lruz hkdè f,his" ±ka lghq;= flfrkafka' rfü wdkavql%u jhjia:dj l%shd;aul jkafka kï tfyu flfrkakg mq jkalula ke;' ±ka wjqreÿ 10g l,ska fkd;snqkq ks;shla wdfh;a meñk ;sfí' wdrlail wud;hdxyh ckdêm;s;=udg Èh hq;=uhs lshk tl ±ka ljqre;a ms<s.kakd fihls' kuq;a wdrlail weu;s jyfhka lghq;= l< wh ljqrekao hkak wms oksuq',,s;a we;=,;a uqo,s" wkqreoao r;aj;af;a" rxcka úfêr;ak hkdè f,i,ehsia;=jla ±laúh yel' kuq;a yèiaisfha u ckdêm;s wdrlail weu;s úh hq;=uhs hkak fudfrdlaflda wdld;sh.;a;du;a iudk lula ;sfí' tajdfha ckdêm;sg we;s m%odk ld¾hhka ;%s;ajhls' wksjd¾hfhka úfoay lghq;= fufyhùu ckdêm;sf.a j.lssuls' wnhka;r fmd,sia n,;, iy ler,slrejka u¾okh lsíu ckdêm;sg wh;a h' B,Õg rdch wdrlaidj" úfoayslhkag úreoaoj hqoao lsíu o jefgkafka ckdêm;s hg;g h' ljqre;a ms<s.kakd i;hla njg ±ka m;aù ;sfí' m%xy wdld;sfhka tk tlla kï th tfia fjkakg mq jk' fudfrdlaflda wdld;sh.;a;du;a iudk lula ;sfí' tajdfha ckdêm;sg we;s m%odk ld¾hhka ;%s;ajhls' wksjd¾hfhka úfoay lghq;= fufyhùu ckdêm;sf.a j.lssuls' wnhka;r fmd,sia n,;, iy ler,slrejka u¾okh lsíu ckdêm;sg wh;a h' B<Õg rdch wdrlaidj" úfoayslhkag úreoaoj hqoao lsíu o jefgkafka ckdêm;s hg;g h' fudfrdlafldafõ isõ jeks n,hl=;a tll=;a ckdêm;sg,nd ;sfí' ta uqia,sï m,a,sh n,d.eksu h' tls úihka y;r fudfrdlaflda jhjia:djg wkqj wksjd¾hfhka jefgkafka ckdêm;s hg;g h' b;=re úihka ish,a,u leìkü weu;sjre hg;g jefg;s' ta Tjqkaf.a wdkavql%u wdld;sh h' fudfrdlafldafõ tu wdkavql%uh wdfõ m%xy wdld;sfhks' wfma isÿj we;af;a ta wdldrfhka ckm;sg n,h fjka lr fkd u h' tksid ckdêm;s ±ka ish n,;, nodf.k ;sfí'ta wkqj wm l=uk ud¾. fha.uka lrkjdo hkak m%yakhla ù we;' l=uk ud¾.fha.uka l< o rgl m%cd;ka;%jdoh ia:dms; jkakg kï uq,sl jyfhka úodhlh" jhjia:dodhlh yd wêlrkh w;r meyeè<s n, fn ula ;sìh hq;=fõ' ta iuõu iaór úodhlh fyj;a Yla;su;a yd iajdëk rdch mßmd,k hka;%hla o wjyh h' fï w;r cd;sl ixys hdjla we;slr.eksug kï w¾:j;a n,h fn ulg hkakg isÿfõ' th l%u folla yryd isÿl< yel' thska tlla jkafka ±kg fnod we;s n,;, ksrjq,a lrf.k ;j;a bèßhg heu h' tfia ke;akï ñhkaudrfha ke;akï wefußldfõ jf.a jhjia:dodhlh fjkia lf<d;a hym;a h' iïmq¾kfhkau fjiañksiag¾ l%uhg heu iïnkaoj udf.a ukdmhla ke;s kuq;a" by;ska fmkajdÿka wdldrhg jhjia:duh uq, O¾u fkdlvd hkafka kï th o i<ld ne,sh yel' oaùudkav,sl jhjia:dodhlhla msysgqjd tu.ska m<d;aj,g uohfha n,hg yjq,aùug o bvie<isug o mq jk' ²

74 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a l< hq;=hs idudkh ck;djg wkqj fjkila lsh,d woyia lf<a m%cd;ka;%jdohg tfrysj lghq;= lrk md,kh bj;alr w ;a md,khla w;slr.eksu' kuq;a iudcfha ±kqj;a fldgig wkqj ckdêm;s udre lsßu fyda wdkavqjla udrelsíug tyd.sh" md,k l%ufha u fjkila n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqkd' ysgmq ckdêm;sks pkaøsld nkavdrkdhl l=udrk;=x. ckjdß 8 fjksod ck;dj n,dfmdfrd;a;= jq fjki yd wdkavqfõ j;auka l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn ysgmq ckdêm;sksh meyeè<s lf<a fufia h' jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh ms<sn j weh olajk woyi o fuhg we;=<;a h' 94 fukau 2015 os o ck;dj fm<.eiqfka yqfola wd¾ól b,a,sï uq,alrf.k fkdj iudc yd foaymd,k b,a,sï uq,alrf.k' 94 m%odk b,a,sï fol jqfka iduh yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh" ke;akï úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a lsíu' hqoaoh wjika jq kuq;a 2015 ckjdß 8od;a m%odk b,a,su jqfha m%cd;ka;%jdohhs" Tn;=ñh l,amkd lrk wdldrhg ñksiaiq n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkafka fudkjf.a fjkila o@ fjki b;ska fndfydu meyeè<shs' idudkh ck;djg wkqj fjkila lsh,d woyia lf<a m%cd;ka;%jdohg tfrysj lghq;= lrk md,kh bj;alr w ;a md,khla we;slr.eksu' kuq;a iudcfha ±kqj;a fldgig wkqj ckdêm;s udre lsßu fyda wdkavqjla udrelsíug tyd.sh" md,k l%ufha u fjkila n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqkd' 94 isgu ta fjki n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqkd' miq.sh ckjdß 8 fjksod ch.%ykh

75 ;=< o md,lhkaf.a fjkila fukau rdch md,k l%ufha o fjkila ck;dj n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqkd' 94 wms m%cd;ka;%jdoh kej; ia:dms; l<d' ñksiqkag ksoyi,ndÿkakd' udkj ysñlï ;yjqre l<d' uq,sl whs;sjdislï /l ÿkakd' hqoaohla hk w;r;=r wd¾ólh ÈhqKq l<d' tal mqoa., wdodhu ;=ka.=khlska jeä jqkd' o< foaysh ksiamdè;h ;=ka.=khlska jeä jqkd' Bg miafia" úfyaifhkau wms 94 n,hg wdmq fj,dfõ ñksiaiq lsõjd fjk fudl=;a ke;sjqk;a wmsg ksoyi jákjd lsh,d' wmsg wdmiq mdf¾ hkakg mq jka lsh,d' Bg miafia meñks uyskao rdcmlaif.a wdkavqj jir 9la ;siafia ta ksoyi kej; j;djla Wÿrd.;a;d' udkj ysñlï yqõdla W,a,x>kh jqkd' W;=f¾ ú;rla fkfjhs olfk;a' álla yß rchg úreoaoj udohfõèfhla" idudkh flfkla" ke;akï foaymd,k{fhla l:d lf<d;a tlaflda ur,d odkjd tfyu ke;akï Wiaidf.k.sys,a,d w;=reoyka lrkjd' w;=reoyka lrkjd lshkafk;a urdodk tluhs' tajdf.a foaj,a ;snqkd' B <Õg IKh jeäjqkd' wksla tl mjq,a n,h ;rlr.;a úèhg ñksiaiqkag wms%fj,d ;snqkd' ckj¾. m%yakhg lsisu úi\qula fkdÿkakd mukla fkdj tal ys;du;du talg wkao jqkd' ta ksid ñksiqkag fjkila wjyh jqkd' fï ksidu ieu ckj¾.hlgu" ieu ck fldgilgu wh;a ñksiaiq ta fjki wfmalaid l<d' b;ska ta ksid úreoao mlaihg myiqjqkd ta ch.%ykh ;yjqre lr.kak' tajdf.a ÿ¾odka; md,khla bj;a lr.kakg ;snqk myiqlï fndfydu w,amhs' uqo,a hkdèh wvqfjka ;sìh ;a" wmsg ta md,kh bj;a lr.eksug yelsjqfka ck;djf.a n,h ksid' ixhq;a;j.;af;d;a" ckjdß 8 fjksod m%yakh Tvqÿjd we;s wdldrhg kslx wdkavq l%ufha fjkila lsíu mukla m%udkj;a fjkafka ke' ckjd¾.sl m%yakhg úi ula o fï fjki ;=< ;sfhkakg fka' tf;kag hkakg m%:u cd;ska w;r m%;sixodkh kej; we;slrkakg wjyh hs' m%;sixodkh i yd fï wdkavqfjka fndfyda foa ±ka flíf.k hkjd' ±kqj;a mqrjeishka m%odk jyfhka lrekq folla wfmalaid l<d' tlla úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a lsíu' fol rdcmlai ckdêm;sjrhd wfydais l< 17 fjks ixfydaokh kej; f.k tau' B <Õ tl ue;sjrk l%uh fjkia lsíu' fï fjki fudkjf.a rdch md,k wdld;shla ;=< ia:dms; lf<d;a fyd hs lsh, o Tn;=ñh woyia fïfla me;s lsysmhla ;sfhkjd' m%yakh Tvqÿjd we;s wdldrhg kslx wdkavq l%ufha fjkila lsíu mukla m%udkj;a fjkafka ke' ckjd¾.sl m%yakhg úi ula o fï fjki ;=< ;sfhkakg fka' tf;kag hkakg m%:u cd;ska w;r 73 m%;sixodkh kej; we;slrkakg wjyh hs' m%;sixodkh i yd fï wdkavqfjka fndfyda foa ±ka flíf.k hkjd' wmsg mq,a ck wkque;shla,d ;sfnkjd' uf.a indm;s;ajfhka jev mgka.;a;d uq,au ld,fha isg' jhmd;s yodf.k fï udifha isg tajd l%shd;aul lrkakg mgka.;a;d' ta lshkafka ñksiqkaf.a tèfkod Ôú; j,g wjyh jk foaj,a' kej; mèxñ lsíï lsh,d fjku wud;hxyhla wms yeÿjd' taflka wr yuqodfjka.;a; bvï kej;,ndf.k" tajdfha kej; mèxñ lsíï hkdèh flíf.k hkjd' talg;a wms Woõ lrkjd' B <Õg f.j,a yokakg iy wksl=;a myiqlï,ndfokakg l%shdlrñka hkjd' wms lrkafka Ⱦ> ld,skj ck;dj talrdys lsíu' m%cdj iïnkao lsíug md,ï f.dvke.su lsh,d talg lshkak mq jka' fï jf.a mq,a jev ms<sfj,j,a.kkdjla ±ka wdrïn lr,d ;sfhkjd' wksla me;af;ka i;h fiùu iy j.ùu lshk ldrkh.ek o mshjr.ksñka ;sfnkjd' úfyaifhkau hqoaoh fj,dfõ we;s jq udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Khùu jeks foaj,a j,g wod< lghq;=' ðksjd m%yakh iïnkaoj lghq;= lsíug mej;=kq wdkavqj fndfyda uqrkavq úèhg lsisu fohla wykakg" idlépd lrkakg wleu;s jq ksid ;uhs jefâ wjq,ajqfka' yenehs fï wdkavqfõ m%;sm;a;sh iïmq¾kfhkau fjkia' tal cd;hka;r m%cdj b;du;a u w.h lrk nj ldg;a fmakjd' tlai;a cd;skaf.a ixúodkh we;= ' ta ksid wms iuõ iqyoj idlépd lr,d cd;hka;rh úiska nf,ka jdf.a flfrkakg ;snqkq mílaikh ±ka rg ;=<u lr.kakg lsh,d fï wdkavqjg ndr ;sfhkjd' ta i yd;a fndfydau blaukg úfoay weu;s;=udf.a m%odk;ajfhka lñgqjla yo,d" ta lñgqfõ ckdêm;s" w.ue;sg yd

76 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ wu;rj uu;a ysáhd' kuq;a ta wh ;uhs jev flrefõ' ±ka jev ms<sfj,la yo,d ;sfnkjd y;r je±reï jevms<sfj,la' talg wdhk; y;rla yo,d ;sfhkjd' i;h yd j.ùu" w;=reoykajqjka" kej; isÿfkdùu yd jerè l< wh iïnkaofhka lghq;= lsíug úfyai wêlrkhla' hk úihka tajdg whs;shs' b;ska ta ál;a ±ka flíf.k hkjd' tajdf.a foieïn¾ udih fjk úg mgka.kakjd' uu ys;kafka ta iïnkaofhka yqõla jev lghq;= flfrkjd' ta w;r;=f¾ È.=ld,Sk úi u i yd" fudkjf.a fjkila o úh hq;af;a lshk tl fidhd n,kakg lñgqjla m;alr,d ;sfhkjd' tys idlépd ±kgu;a wdrïn lr,d ;sfhkafka' fï lñgqfõ m%odk mlai fol iy øúo ikaodkh ksfhdackh fjkjd' ta idlépd ál ÿrla.shdg miafia ;uhs wksl=;a wh iu. idlépd lrkafka' 2000 kï Tn;=ñh jhjia:d flgqïm;la bèßm;a l<dfka' tjeks wdkavq l%u jhqyhla rgg bèßm;a lrkakg fï wdkavqfõ n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla ke;a o@ ckjd¾.sl m%yakh iïkaofhka o@ keye" tal.ek mukla fkdj u;fnaohg ;=vq we;s úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh we;= iuia: wdkavq l%ufhau fjkila' úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh iïmq¾kfhkau whska lrkakg fka' th bj;a l< hq;=uhs' Èk 100 we;=<; tal whska lrkakg ;uhs W;aidy lf<a' talg ;snqk ks;suh isudjg wu;rj uyskaof.a lüáh md¾,sfïka;=fõ Pkaoh fokafk ke;s ksid fka tal wmsg wvq uügfuka lrkakg isoao jqfka' fldfydu;a ±kg 19fjks ixfydaokh;a ;sfnkjd fka' fï ckdêm;sf.ka miafia úodhl ckdêm;s fï ckdêm;sf.ka miafia úodhl ckdêm;s Oqrh wfydaisfjk wdldrhg jhjia:dj fjkia l< hq;= hs' 2000 ud bèßm;a l< flgqïmf;a ckjd¾. sl m%yakhg meyeè<s úi ula bèßm;a l<d' ta fj,dfõ tlai;a cd;sl mlaifha iy fou< mlaij, iyfhda.h talg,enqfka ke' úfyaifhkau fou< mlai uq,ska iyfhda.h,d miqj t,a' à' à' B' tlg nhfj,d miafia iyfhda.h ÿkafka ke' ta ksid wmsg tal lr.kakg neßjqkd' tfia ke;akï fï fjki lr.kakg ;snqkq iaj¾kuh wjia:dj tal' Oqrh wfydaisfjk wdldrhg jhjia:dj fjkia l< hq;= hs' 2000 ud bèßm;a l< flgqïmf;a ckjd¾.sl m%yakhg meyeè<s úi ula bèßm;a l<d' ta fj,dfõ tlai;a cd;sl mlaifha iy fou< mlaij, iyfhda.h talg,enqfka ke' úfyaifhkau fou< mlai uq,ska iyfhda.h,d miqj t,a' à' à' B' tlg nhfj,d miafia iyfhda.h ÿkafka ke' ta ksid wmsg tal lr.kakg neßjqkd' tfia ke;akï fï fjki lr.kakg ;snqkq iaj¾kuh wjia:dj tal' Tn;=ñhg fpdaokdjla ;sfhkjd fka 2000 jk ;=re fkdisg 94 m<fjks OQr ld,fha uq,and.fha u ta flgqïm; bèßm;a fkdlsíu ms<sn j' tal fndre" tal uu 95 wf.daia;= udifha f.kdjd' Bg miafia rks,a úl%uisxyg tkak lsh,d idlépd l<d' thd iyfhda.h ÿkafka ke fka' flfia kuq;a ±ka b;ska Bg miafia yqõla foaj,a isoaofj,d ;sfhkjd' tlai;a cd;sl mlai ±ka tlõhs fka ta jefâ lrkak' kuq;a Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha fldgila lshkafka" fï tl;=j wêrdchjdèkaf.a l=uka;%khla lsh,d fka' tlai;a cd;sl mlaihg Y%s,xld ksoyia mlaih mdjdÿka njg;a Tjqka fpdaokd lrkjd' ta.ek Tn;=ñh lshkafka l=ula o@ fudloao tlai;a cd;sl mlaifha oeka ;sfhk wêrdchjdoh' biair tfyu ;sfhkakg we;s' ±ka tafla we;s wêrdchjdohla ke' Tlafldu,d ±ka újd; wd¾ólh ms<swrf.k ;sfhkafka' uyskao rdcmlai;a we;= j' uyskao yenehs újd; wd¾ólh thdf.a mjqf,a whg i,a,s yïnq lrkakg fhdod.;af;a' uu lshkafka újd; wd¾ólfha m%;s,dn fï rfü Ôj;ajk ish u ck;djg,efnk wdldrfha wd¾ólhla yod.kakg fka' talg tlai;a cd;sl mlaih,eia;shs' wms tlg idlépd l<d fï ikaodkh yokakg biairfj,d' m%;sm;a;s ál yod.;a;d' iudc idodrk;ajh ±ka tlai;a cd;sl mlaih;a ms<sf.k ;sfnkafka' ta mlaih m%cd;ka;%jdoh fjkqjka úyd, jyfhka ±ka igka lrkjd' uu yeuodu m%cd;ka;%jdèfhla' yels kq m%cd;ka;%jdoh 94 uu f.kdjd' wfma fï f.dvke.s,af,a m%odk;u lkqjla tal' wms tl;= jqfka m%;sm;a;s u;' mqoa.,fhda jgdj;a fjk hïlsis fohla ksidj;a fkdfjhs' wms fof.d,a, idlépd lr,d fï tlõ;djhg wdfõ' uu okakd Ys%,xld ksoyia mlaifha m%;sm;a;sh ;uhs tlõ;djfha m%;sm;a;sh' wms fof.d,a,u fome;a;l isg ueog weú;a" ueo

77 ms<sfj;la ±ka yodf.k ;sfhkjd' tfykï 2000 jf.a u id¾:l f,i cd;sl m%yakh o wduka;%kh l< yels jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhlg hkakg mq jka fka o@ ckjd¾.sl m%yakh mq¾kj wduka;%kh l<yels jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhlg tod ck;djf.a úyd, iyfhda.hla ;snqkd' kuq;a m%odk mlai fol w;r tlõ;djla ke;s ksid tl je,ls.shd' fuod mlai fol w;r tl.;djhla we;;a tod ;rï u ck;djf.a iyfhda.hla ke;s njhs fmfkkafka' fjk;a úêhlg lshkjd kï ;;a;ajh fjkiafj,d ;sfhkjd' ta fj,dfõ cd;sjdè fldgia Yla;su;aj ;snqfka ke' ±ka cd;sjd ixúodk W;=frka fukau ol=fk;a we;sfj,d ;sfhkjd' idudkh ñksiaiq;a tod foaymd,k úi ulg fndfydu leue;af;ka ysáfha' uu okak fï k.rj, wh;a ±ka lshkjd tépr fudlgo ±ka fokafka" hqoaoh bjrfj,d fka ;sfhkafka hkdè jyfhka' wo ta ;;a;ajhg weú,a,d ;sfhkjd' uu okafka ke 2000 ;rïu bèßhg hkak mq jka o lsh,d' kuq;a ±ka idlépd lrkak" fndfydu úia;r iys;j uf.a 2000 flgqïm; ;sfhkjd' ta' ms' wd¾' is' fhdackdj ;sfhkjd' úfyai{hskaf.a fhdackdj ;sfhkjd' tajd Tlafldu wrf.k n,,d" tajdfha ;sfnk foaj,a ±ka ;sfhk ;;a;ajhg.e,fmkafka fldfyduo lsh,d n,,d ;uhs ±ka ;Skaÿ lrkakg fjkafka' fldgila úreoao mlaifha b ka cd;sjdoh wjqiaikjd' talg Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha fldgil=;a iïnkao fj,d bkafka' ta whg tl;=fj,d fïl wjq,a lrkak mq jka fka o@ ks, Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaih i;=gqodhl ia:djrhl bkafka' wr f.d,af,da lkavdhula fka' ta wh mlaihg fï yeÿkq iïuq;sjdè wdkavqj wdrlaid lr.kak fka' fï mßj¾;kh lsíug fï;rï fydo wjia:djla ljodj;a we;sfj,d ke' m<fjks j;djghs fï rfü m%odk mlai fol tlajqfka' f,dalfha wms hk yeu ;eku wmsg m%ixyd lrkjd' ta iïuq;sh ;=<ska fuf;la l,a ;snqk wdkavqj,g lrkakg neßfjép jev rdyshla wmsg lrkakg mq jka' ta jev flfrk fldg ñisiaiq wfma me;a;g ths' fïl iaj¾kuh wjia:djla' tfrys uyskaof.a lkavdhu' m%;sixialrkj,g úreoao jqfkd;a ta whg tfrysj hï mshjrka.kakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd o@ talg b;ska meyeè<s ;SkAÿ.kak fka' ±kg wrka ;sfnk ;Skaÿ m%udkj;a o@ ke" fldfy;au ke' ug ;kshu ;Skaÿ.kak ne fka' uu ;Skaÿ.;a;d kï fï fj,djg ;;a;ajh yqõla fjkia' ld,fha foaymd,k m%;sixialrk we;s lsíu i yd iudc n,fõ.hka mqnqÿjd.eksug úyd, W;aidyhla ±re kuq;a wo tfyu tlla ke fka' Tõ" ta iyfhda.h,nd.kakg wo ck;dj ±kqj;a lrkakg wjyhhs' uyskao isxy< ck;dj cd;sjdè me;a;g yrj,d" rdcmlai ;uhs ta jdisodhl ;;a;ajh ke;s lf<a' úúo jev igyka u.ska ñksiqka ±kqj;a lr,d" fndre lsh,d fkdfjhs we;a; lsh,d" meyeè,s lr,d" ñksiaiq wksla me;a;g yrjd ck;djf.a iyfhda.h,nd.; hq;=hs' wdkavqj me;af;ka" ck;dj ±kqj;a lsíug lr ;sfnk foa m%udkj;a lsh,d ys;kjd o@ b;du;a u uè' ±ka ;uhs mgka.kafka' udi 8la ;siafia uyskao,df.a msßi md¾,sfïka;=fõ lghq;= wjq,a l<d' l,n, lr,d" uq,h flgqïm;a wkqu; lr.kakg fokafka ke;sj" wdkavqj f.kshkakg neß ;;a;ajhla we;s l<d' fï ksid jegqma f.jkkg;a neß ;;a;ajhla wdjdfka' Bg miafia Pkaoh wdjd' Pkaoh bjrfj,d iema;eïn¾ yd Tlaf;danr udi fol mukhs we;a;ug wdkavqj Èõfõ' ±ka ;uhs ta lghq;= mgka wrka ;sfhkafka' fï fjkia lï fmfkkakg mq jka jkafka bèß jir ;=<hs' fï fjki we;s lsíu i yd fudkjd o Tn;=ñhg lrk fhdackd' m<uqfjkau" fï yeÿkq iïuq;sjdè wdkavqj wdrlaid lr.kak fka' fï mßj¾;kh lsíug fï;rï fydo wjia:djla ljodj;a we;sfj,d ke' m<fjks j;djghs fï rfü m%odk mlai fol tlajqfka' f,dalfha wms hk yeu ;eku wmsg m%ixyd lrkjd' ta iïuq;sh ;=<ska fuf;la l,a ;snqk wdkavqj,g lrkakg neßfjép jev rdyshla wmsg lrkakg mq jka' ta jev flfrk fldg ñisiaiq wfma me;a;g ths' fïl iaj¾kuh wjia:djla' ta wjia:dj wysñ lr.;af;d;a fudlo Tlafldu uqyqog mekafkd;a fyd hs' idlépd lf<a uyskao r;akdhl 75

78 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ jhjia:d fjkila w;hjyhhs talg fõ,dj fkdfõ w.%dud;h rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d cmka ixpdrfha trg w.ue;s IskafIda wfí uy;d yuq jq wjia:dj m<d;a ind yd m<d;a md,k ksfhdach wud;h lrekdr;ak mrkú;dk m%cd;ka;%jdoh ia:dms; lsíu Wfoid fmdfrdkaÿ jq jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh iïnkaofhka wik,o m%yakj,g j;auka wdkavqfõ ksfhdach wud;hjrfhl= jk lrekdr;ak mrkú;dk uy;d,ndÿka ms<s;=r fuys i yka fõ' ckdêm;sjrhd mukla fkdj fï wdkavqj o n,hg m;ajqfka m%cd;ka;%sh n,fõ.hkaf.a ke.sàfï m%;sm,hla jyfhka' ckjdß 8 fjksodhska miqj msysgqjk,o ;djld,sl wdkavqj hgf;a ieysulg m;aùug fkdyels kuq;a" m%cd;ka;%jdoh me;af;ka mshjrla bèßhg ;nkakg iu;a jqkd' kuq;a m%odk lrek jqfha mj;sk jhjia:dj fjkia lr.eksu' fï ms<sn j j;auka wdkavqfõ iqodku wdkavqj me;af;ka.;a;du uqyqk fokakg ;sfhk m%odku wnsfhda.h ;uhs" foaymd,k ia:djr;ajh' foaymd,k ia:djr;ajh we;slr.kakg ;sfnk m%odk idolhka fjkafka wd¾ól ixj¾okh iy ksjerè Wmdh ud¾. Tiafia foaymd,k m%yakh l<ukdlrkh

79 77 lr.eksu' ta foflau wnsfhda.hla wdkavqjg ;sfnkjd' we;af;kau lshkjd kï fláld,skj wd¾ól wnsfhda.h w;súyd,hs' m<fjks ldrkh ;uhs f,dal wd¾ólfha jeàu' fïfla m%;sm,hla f,i ueofmrè. f;,añ, jeà,d' f;,a wdkhkfha fïl wmsg jdishla jk kuq;a f;,a ;sfnk rgj,a u;hs fndfyda úg wfma ldis wmkhk r dmj;skafka' ta ksid f;,a ñ, my< heu tla me;a;lska jdishla jq w;ru wksla me;af;ka wfma f;a" rn¾ jeks wmkhk fnda.hkag wjdis iy.;j n,md ;sfnkjd' fuys m%;sm,hla f,i tu lafia;%fha wdodhu,nk yd /lshd kshq;= 15,laIlf.a muk Ôú; j,g idcqj ±fkkakg mgka wrka' ta ksid fyd úfoay fj< m%;sm;a;shla ilialr.kakg" úfoay wdodr,nd.kakg iy wdfhdack f.kajd.eksu lshk tajdg úyd, m%uql;djhla,ndfokakg wdkavqjg isÿù ;sfnkjd' fï Èkj, flfrk rdch;dka;%sl ixpdrj, iy.súiqïj, ish,af,au wruqk fj,d ;sfhkafka wkak ta lghq;= ál lr.eksu' ks;s ß;s w f;ka yodf.k" wjqreÿ follaj;a wmsg wudre ld,hl ;uhs hkakg fjkafka Th lshk fya;= ksid' ta w;r wdkavqj,d ;sfnk fmdfrdkaÿ m;%h úyd, tlla' uyd k.r ixj¾okh lr.kakg" /lshd oy,laihla fokakg" tajd.ek úyd, n,dfmdfrd;a;= iuqodhla ck;dj w;f¾ ;sfhkjd' wksla w;g miq.sh frôuh l< weia ks,xldr lrk fldkal%sü ±ñ,a, yd f.dvke.s,s bèlsíu Tlafldu lf<a Kh j,ska' ta Kh f.ùfï nr;a ±ka fï j;auka wdkavqj u; jeá,d ;sfnkafka' b;ska fukak fï wd¾ól wnsfhda.h ch.eksu lrkakg wjyhhs' yenehs ta w;r foaymd,k ;,fha flfrk m%;sixialrk ál lf<a ke;akï rdchhla yeáhg wms rdcmlai frôufha iy wm w;r fjkila fjkafka ke' ta m%;sixialrk ál wksjd¾hfhkau lrkakg fka' yenehs ta m%;sixialrkj,g ndod lrkakg iu;a n,fõ. ;du úyd, jyfhka md¾,sfïka;=fj;a" thska msg;a uq.ekaù isákjd' wmsg fmakjd md¾,sfïka;=j yeuodu mgka.kak fldgu wr lsysmfofkla wkjyh f>daidj lrk nj' b;ska,dn Pkaoodhlhd fj,df.k isák cd;sljdoh;a" jhdcfoayfm%auh;a" ;du rfü l=.kakkag bvl=;a ke;sjd fkdfõ' b;ska ta wnsfhda.h;a ordf.k wdkavqj hoa we;af;kau ug kï fmfkkafka w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:djla lshk tl fï fj,dfõ kslïu l:d idmamqjla njg m;aùug mq jka' ta ksid jydu lrkakg fka m%;sixialrk ál lrk tl' f;dr;=re ±k.eksfï mk; f.fkk tl' 19fjks ixfydaokh iïmq¾kfhkau ;yjqre lr.kak tl' m<d;aj,g n,h fn fï hka;%kh ls%hd;aullr.kakd tl' tfyu lr,d wdkavqj;a lsishï uügulg wd¾ól jyfhka ia:djr jqkdg miafia wmsg fï jhjia:dj iïmq¾kfhka fjkia lsífï idlépdjg hkakg mq jka' ta wdldrhg wd¾ól yd foaymd,k ia:djr;ajhla yodf.k.sfhd;a ;uhs fyd lsh,d ug ysf;kafka' ke;akï jhjia:dj fjkqfjka wms m;alrk md¾,sfïka;= ldrl indj fyda md¾,sfïka;= jhjia:d flgqïm;a ukav,hu" fïl wjq,a lrkakkaf.a iy lvdlmam,a lrkakkaf.a fõèldjla njg m;aùug bv ;sfnkjd' B <Õ jeo.;a ldrkh ;uhs we;a;gu jhjia:dj ielisu iïnkaofhka wmsg ;snqfka b;du krl l%uhla' wms ieliq jhjia:d folgu wdkavqj me;af;ka.;a;du uqyqk fokakg ;sfhk m%odku wnsfhda.h ;uhs" foaymd,k ia:djr;ajh' foaymd,k ia:djr;ajh we;slr.kakg ;sfnk m%odk idolhka fjkafka wd¾ól ixj¾okh iy ksjerè Wmdh ud¾. Tiafia foaymd,k m%yakh l<ukdlrkh lr.eksu' ta foflau wnsfhda.hla wdkavqjg ;sfnkjd',xldj jdin+ñh lr.;a ish ckhd wka;¾.%ykh jqfha ke' jhjia:dj ye fï.;hq;= m%yia: l%shdud¾.h fkdfjhs wms.;af;a' wvqu ;rfï wmsg wjia:djla,enqkd jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,fha ta foa lr.kakg 72 ' tf;kaè;a" wms ys;=jlaldr f,i fou< ck;djf.a wns,dihka tfyu msákau whskalr,d ±ïud' b;ska fyd wka;¾.%yk l%shdoduhla yod.kakg kï lsishï uügul foaymd,k wd¾ól ia:djrndjh,õdlrf.k fmdä ch.%dys,s,djlska th lrkak fka' fïfla fome;a;la ;sfhkjd' ch.%dylhd ch.%ykh l<dg miq uyskao rdcmlai jf.a yeisfrkakg;a mq jka' yenehs ±kg wdkavqj hk Èidj ne jdu tfyu ;ekl ke' wdkavqj fndfydu YsIagiïmkak ;,hl ;uhs jevlrf.k

80 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ wdkavqj,d ;sfnk fmdfrdkaÿ m;%h úyd, tlla' uyd k.r ixj¾okh lr.kakg" /lshd oi,laihla fokakg" tajd.ek úyd, n,dfmdfrd;a;= iuqodhla ck;dj w;f¾ ;sfhkjd' wksla w;g miq. sh frôuh l< weia ks,xldr lrk fldkal%sü ±ñ,a, yd f.dvke.s,s bèlsíu Tlafldu lf<a Kh j,ska' ta Kh f.ùfï nr;a ±ka fï j;auka wdkavqj u; jeá,d ;sfnkafka' b;ska fukak fï wd¾ól wnsfhda.h ch.eksu lrkakg wjyhhs' hkafka' b;ska we;af;kau wms mdvul=;a bf.kf.k ;sfnk ksid jhjia:d m%;sixialrk iïnkaofhka" ugkï ysf;kafka wms w ;a jhjia:djla wjyhhs' ta.ek folla l:dlrkakg fohla ke' tal uf.a mqoa.,sl ye.sula o fjkjd' yenehs w ;a jhjia:djlg l,ska jf.a wkav fol;=kla od,d" wms jhjia:djla yeÿjd fukak tal iïu; l<d lsh,d" kslï wms ;djld,sl i;=gla,nk tfla m%fhdackhla ke' tfia yokjdg jvd" md¾,sfïka;=j;a" isú,a iudch;a" ish,a,u tl;=fj,d idlépdjla yd ixjdohla tlal lrk tl ;uhs fyd lsh,d ug ysf;kafka' fldfydu Wk;a wmsg md¾,sfïka;=jg jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hla yeáhg /iafjkakg mq jka' tal ks;hdkql+, ke yenehs' tfyu /iafj,d yod.;a; jhjia:dj wdmiq j;djla fï md¾,sfïka;=fjkau 2$3 ka wkqu; lr cku; úpdrkhlg heu ;uhs fyd u l%uh' jhjia:d úma,j lshk foaj,aj,g jvd ta l%uh jvd;a iqÿiq njhs ug ysf;kafka' rcfha m%:u b,lalh fjkakg fka we;a;gu Th lshk m%cd;ka;%jdè w ;a ckrc jhjia:djla yod.eksug' talg wod, ìï uügfï jev;a" wd¾ól iy foaymd,k l<ukdlrkh;a fï ojiaj, lrkakg fjkjd' ta ál fkdlr wr jhjia:dfõ jefâ lrkakg.sfhd;a" wdmyq j;djla wr m%xyfha jqkd jf.a fïjd M,odhs jevla fyda fkdflfrk foaj,a njg m;afjkakg bv ;sfnkjd' b;ska ug ysf;kafka wdkavqjg ys;kak fj,d ;sfhkafk;a uu lshk Th udjf;a ;uhs' uyskao rdcmlaig úreoj m%yakh u;=jqfka wd¾ól me;af;ka fkdj m%cd;ka;%jdoh me;af;ka' ta wkqj jhjia:dj blaukskau fjkia lrkakg wdkavqj fmdfrdkaÿ jqkd' n,hg m;ajqjdg miq ±ka wxl tlg wd¾ól m%yakh weú;a ;sfnk njhs Tn lshkafka' wdkavqj n,hgm;a l< n,fõhka" fï m%uql;djhka udreùu ms<sn j ±kqj;alr ;sfí o@ we;af;kau ±kqj;a lsíu m%udkj;a uè' fï ojiaj, tajd b;ska lrf.k lrf.k hkjd' leìkü tl m;alrf.k fï wdkavqj ia:dms; lr.eksug udihla ú;r.shdfka' fïi mqgq wèk fj,djla fïl' yenehs úyd, fukau jvd n,.;= m%pdrk jhdmdrhla wdkavqjg fkfj,d ;sfhkjd" ;ukaf.a l:dj rgg;a f,dalhg;a lshkakg' ;ju wefykafka m%;súreoao ke;akï wksla l:dj' talg uq, msßh hq;af;a fldfydu lsh, o Tn tla;rd úèhl yxihd Èkjkak iy wdkavqj Èkjkakg jev l< yd Woõ l< isú,a ixúodk;a tlal th úyd,jg iïnkaëlrkh lrkak mq jka' wvq.kfka ta isú,a ixúodk j, fiajh wjyh wud;hdxy ;sfhkjd fka' ta wud;hdxyj, hq;=lula ;sfnkjd" fï fï lkavdhï iu. wod,.kqfokqj lrkak' cd;sh f.dvke.sfï wud;hdxyh" udoh wud;hxyh" wfma m<d;a ind iy m<d;a md,k jf.a wud;hdxyh" úfyaifhkau úfoay lghq;= wud;hdxyh;a thg wh;a' m<d;amd,k wud;hdxyh yeáhg wms m%uql;ajhla fokjd ìïuügfï m<d;amd,k wdh;k moao;shg isú,a ixúodkj, odhl;ajh,nd.eksfï hka;%khla u ks;suh jyfhkau yokakg' ±kg tfyu tlla ke' b;ska yeu wud;hdxyhlu;a ta jefâ flfrkak fka lsh,d uu ys;kafka' fudl o fï wdkavqj n,hg m;afjkafka u wjè jq isú,a l%shdldß;ajh tlal' kslïu yqfola Pkaoodhlhdf.a Pkaofhkau fkdfõ fï wdkavqj n,hg m;afjkafka' tal úyd, wdys¾jdohla wdkavqjlg' tfyu ±kqj;a mqrjeishkaf.a iyfhda.hla ;sfhk wdkavq f,aisfhka wmsg,efnkafka ke' kslï ldf,ka ldf,g ckm%sh n, fmr,s we;sfjkakg mq jka' tajd kslï u wr idudkhfhka yq ck Pkaoodhlhd fõèldjg weú,a,d lrk n,fmr<s' ckdêm;sjrkhhs" fï ue;sjrkhhs iïmq¾kfhkau thsg jvd ±kqj;a l%shdldíkaf.a ueèy;aulska jq n,fmr<s' tal ksid fïfla whs;sldrfhda ljqo lsh,d weyejqfjd;a ta wh ljqo lsh,d ljqre;a ±k.kakg fka' cd;hka;r wdodr" úfoay idcq wdfhdack yryd wd¾ólh ia:djr

81 79 lr.eksug wu;rj foaysh uq,h l<ukdlrkh flfrys o wdkavqj wjodkh fhduqlr ;sfnkjd nj fmakjd' ta wkqj miq.sh wdkavqj f.or heùug fya;=jla jq w¾: idol wruqo,g;a kej; jrla w; ;shkakg iqodkul=;a ;sfnk njhs fmfkkafka' fï wdkavqj n,hg m;alrkakg ueèy;a jq tla n,fõ.hla jk lïlre mx;sh iu. fuhska.egqula we;sfjkakg mq jka fkao@ rfü ;sfnk uq,h iïm;a ukd f,i l<ukdlrkh lr.kakg hï hï Wmdhud¾..ekSfï jrola ke' uu lshkafka fï yeu fohlau fndfydu újd;j lrkak lshk tlhs' md¾,sfïka;=j ±kqj;a lr,d" M,odhs idlépdjla úèhg lrkjd kï tal m%yakhla fjkafka ke;s fjhs' miq.sh wdkavqj fydr ryfia ;ukaf.a.cñ;=rka tlal l=iaish me;af;a isg l<.kqfokq yskaohs tal jqfka' úfyaifhkau ish u md¾yajhka" jd;a;sh iñ;sj, ish fokd iu. idlépdlr ;SrKhla.kakjd kï je/oaola ke lshk tlhs uf.a ye.su' fuys uq,ska u ñisiaiqkaf.a whs;sjdislï ffk;slj ;yjqre l<hq;=hs' ta lshkafka tajdfha ;sfnk wruqo,a ñksiaiqkaf.a oyäh uykaisfhka yïnl< uqo,a' ;ukaf.a ysñlug fudl o fjkafka lsh,d ks;suh iy;slhla,eì,d ;uhs tal lrkakg fka ' wd¾ól' iudc yd foaydmd,k ;,fha fu;rï úyd, mßj¾;khla lrkakg fï wdkavqjg ;sfnk yelshdfõ Odß;djh m%udkj;a lsh,d Tn ys;kjd o@ Pkaofha bèßm;a l< u;hla ;snqkd" j.lsfï orkakg mq jka ñksiqka md¾,sfïka;=jg tjkak lsh,d' t;fldg Pkaoodhlhd talg w¾o jyfhka ;uhs m%;spdr olaj,d ;sfnkafka ' rgu úféjkh l< nqre;a;u md¾,sfïka;=jg tj,d ;sfhkjd' t;fldg ta nr;a ordf.k ;uhs hkak fj,d ;sfnkafka' b;ska uu ys;kjd fmr<sh lrkakg ta wnsfhda.h Ndr.;a;d jf.a wvqu ;rfuka fï w¾nqohg ixfõè lkavdhula md¾,sfïka;=fj;a' wdkavqj we;=f<;a bkakjd lsh,d' ta f.d,a,ka ;ukaf.a Odß;djh ;j jeälrf.k ;uhs fïl lrkak fjkafka' n,h fn u.ek Tn fudloao lshkafka' uu 13fjks ixfydaokh iu. bkak flfkla' thska Tíng hkakg woyila keoao@ uu ys;kafka ta.ek wms l:dlrk tfla f;areula ke' fudlo" ±ka úfyaifhkau W;=f¾ mjd ck;dj ;skaÿjla wr.ksñka bkakjd fï jf.a ixys hd l%shdj,shla we;=f<a wdmiq j;djla mrk f*vr,ajdè igkamdg Èydjg hk tfla f;areula ke lsh,d' ta wh fï ms<sn j wjfndaohlg meñfkñka isákjd' ta lshkafka uohfha ;sfhkafka u;jdè ;,fha thg wjk; nj,ndfkd.;a rdchhla nj Tjqka o jgyd.ksñka isákjd' ta fjki wms fmkajkjd kï ux ys;kafka Th jd¾. sl foaymd,kfha hkak ;sfhk bvlv ke;slr,d odkak mq jka' t;fldg wmsg;a" fou, ckhdg;a" bkaèhdjg;a" f,dl= wd;;shla ke;sj fï m%yakh úi d.kak wmyiqjla ke t;fldg iïmq¾kfhkau l%shd;aul lrkjd kï 13 fjks ixfydaokh fyd iq;%hla lsh,hs uu ys;kafka' idlépd lf<a uyskao r;akdhl biafldaf, hk wïu,df.a lúh wyi yeä ùug fmr w;=.d oeñh hq;=uh iq<õ l j,dl= fm< ;Èhufhka tèkuh uql=;a ke;s ysia wyi bf.k.kakd jhig kshuh lèuuh" msksleg jeysfmdo ysßlv fndfydu;a w.=kuh lsß leá jhig WKla leiaila tf;d;a fï jhig wdrguhk iaóruh" fmd; m;la wef;d;a ta bx.sßis. ; úohd úh hq;=uh" f;dila wef;d;a,,s;hg l,djg lú l;djg ta ksügdjgu uerúh hq;=uuh mqf;la wef;d;a W! bxðfkre l<hq;=h ÿjla fjf;d;a we fodia;r l<hq;=h" bvla fjf;d;a yji mka;s hd hq;=h''' i;s wka; mqrd t<lshqika ìj hq;=h fyg bvla wef;d;a WU mka;sfh tl úh hq;=uuh ta kef;d;a ;j;a lgmdvï l<hq;=uuh' msksleg jeysfmdo ysßlv fndfydu;a w.=kuh lsß leá jhig WKla leiaila tf;d;a fï jhig wdrguhk iaóruh" wyi yeä ùug fmr w;=.d oeñh hq;=uh" iq<õ l j,dl= fm< ;Èhufhka tèkuh" uql=;a ke;s ysia wyi bf.k.kakd jhig kshuh lèuuh' frdls

82 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ wjika ;SrKhla ke= fhdað; wdkavql%u jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhg wod< j tlai;a cd;sl mlai md¾,sfïka;= uka;%s iy indkdhl,laiauka lsßwe,a, uy;df.ka wik,o m%yakj,g Tyq ÿka ms<s;=re fufia h' tcdm md¾,sfïka;= uka;%s iy indkdhl wud;h,laiauka lsrswe,a, úodhl ckdêm;s wdkavql%uh bj;a lsífï fmdfrdkaÿj u; fmdÿ wfmalail ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;d miq.sh ckjdß 08 ckdêm;sjrhd f,i m;aù isákjd' tu fmdfrdkaÿfõ u È.=jla f,ihs tlai;a cd;sl mlaih miq.sh ue;sjrkfha md¾,sfïka;=fõ nyq;r wdik ixlhdjla Èkd.kafka' uka;%sjreka lsysm fofkl= Èkdf.k ;ukaf. au wdkavqjla msysgqjd.eksug yelshdj ;sìh ;a" jir follg,xld ksoyia mlaih iuõ iïuq;s noao wdkavqjla yod.;af;a rfü uq,sl mßj¾;khla we;s lrkakg' tu mßj¾;khg wjyh lrk uq,sl idolhla jk jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh.ek Tnf.a mlaifha iqodku fldfydu o@ talg ±ka uq,sl idlépd wdrïnlr

83 81 ;sfhkjd' w.ue;sjrhdg Wmfoia,nd. eksug lñgqjl=;a fï jkúg m;alr,hs ;sfhkafka' ta jevlghq;= ±ka flíf.k hkjd' ±ka wms fï ðksjd m%yakhg meg,s,hs bkafka' tal úi d.kakg ;sfnkjd' B <Õg laiksl lrekla yeáhg ;sfhkafka 2016 wh jeh ms<sn ldrkhhs' thska miqj ;uhs jhjia:d m%;sixialrkhg w;.ikakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkafka' tlai;a cd;skaf.a uyd ukav,h weu;+ fj,dfõ ckdêm;s ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;d mejiqfõ jhjia:d ixfydaokhla.ek' w.ue;s rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d o miq wjia:djl jhjia:d ixfydaokhla.ekhs l:d lf<a' leìkü ukav,h Èjqreï fuka 0wk;=rej ckdêm;s l< l:dfõ mejiqfõ o ta ms<sn j md¾,sfïka;= ;Skaÿ l<hq;= nj hs' we;a;gu mlai fol w;r tlõ;djh ;sfhkafka jhjia:dj ixfydaokh lrkak o ke;akï w ;a jhjia:djla y kajd fokakg o@ iïmq¾kfhkau w ;a jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lrkjd o" tfyu ke;akï ixfydaokhla f.fkkjdo lshk tfla wjika ;SrKhla wrf.k ke' kuq;a idlépd hkjd' idlépd ;=<ska ;uhs fï foflka lrkafka l=ula o lshk tl ;SrKh flfrkafka' ckjdß 8 fjksod ch.%ykh mokï jkafka u úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;alrkak' wf.dia;= 17 fjksod;a tal kej;;a ;yjqre jqkd' tfia ;sìh ;a" w ;a jhjia:djla f.fkkakg ;sfnk ndodj l=ula o@ w ;a jhjia:djla f.fkk úg W;=re kef.kysr m%yakhg wjika úi ula o bèßm;a lrkakg isoaofjkjd' w ;a jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lsífï tal u.yer hkakg ne' ta jf.au ue;sjrk l%uh.ek;a" tlõ;djhla ;sfhkakg fka' iajdëk fldñika ;j mq,a lrkafka fldfydu o lshk tl.ek óg jvd idlépd lrkakg wjyhhs' kuq;a uu ys;kafka,nk jir we;=,; w ;a jhjia:djla bèßm;alr iïu; ùug fndfyda bvlv ;sfnkjd' w ;a jhjia:djla yokjd kï tu jhjia:dfõ jhqjyh fudkjf.a tlla fjkjdo lshk tl jeo.;a' ir<j lshkjd kï" ks¾udkh lsíug woyia lrkafka ckdêm;s wdkavq l%uhla o" tfia ke;akï md¾,sfïka;= wdkavql%uhla o@ keye" wmsg ckjru,enqfka ckdêm;s l%uh wfydais lrkakg fka' ta ckjrug msgqmdkakg ldgj;a mq jkalula ke' ta ksid ta ckjrug wkqj l%shd lrkakg wmsg isÿfjkjd' ta lshkafka" kej;;a fjiaü ñksiag¾ l%uhg hkakg o Tnf.a mlaih fhdackd ishhg ishhla u fjiaüñksiag¾ l%uh lsh,d lshkakg ne' fjiañksiag¾ l%ufha fyd wx.;a wrf.k" wksl=;a l%uj, hym;a.=kdx. o we;=<;a lrf.khs fï jhjia:d fjki lrkakg wms uykais.kafka' kj jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lrkjd kï" th wkqu; lr.eksug cku; úpdrkhlg hkakg fmr md¾,sfïka;=fõ 2$3 wkque;shla wjyhhs' ta wkque;sh md¾,sfïka;=fjka,nd.kakg mq jka o@ wdkavq mlaih yeáhg kï cku;hg ta ish u fokd ne isákjd'.sh md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrkfha ;a thg meyeè,s ckjrula,eî ;sfhkjd' thg m%:u ckdêm;sjrkfha ;a jru,enqfka talg' ta ksid wdkavq mlaih f,i isák ish fokdu talg ne isákjd' ta ksid 2$3l wkque;sh,nd.eksug neßfjk tlla ke' w ;a jhjia:djla f.fkk úg W;=re kef.kysr m%yakhg wjika úi ula o bèßm;a lrkakg isoaofjkjd' w ;a jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lsífï tal u.yer hkakg ne' ta jf.au ue;sjrk l%uh.ek;a" tlõ;djhla ;sfhkakg fka' kuq;a Y%s,xld ksoyia mlaifhau fldgila fï wdkavqjg úreoaoj lghq;= lrk nj fmakjd' wdkavq mlai yeáhg Tjqkag j.lsula ;sfnk kuq;a Y%s,xld ksoyia mlai fha uka;%sjre tla u;hl fkdisàu fuh id¾:l lr.eksug ndodjla fjkafka ke;a o@

84 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ uu ys;kafka ke tal m%yakhla fjhs lsh,d' fudlo" uyskao rdcmlai wo Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha msßila yhscela lr,d ;sfhkafka' wo YS%,xld ksoyia mlaifha ueo ms<sfj; wjq,a lr,d' Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha lkavdhula" ÈfkaYa,d" ùrjxy,d" jdiqfoaj,d iuõ fïl wjq,a lrkag Wlaiy.kshs' w ;a jhjia:djla yo,d" ks;sfha W;a;Í;r Ndjh we;s lr,d" iq cd;skag;a idodrkh bgqfjk wdldrfha m%cd;ka;%jdè jhjia:djla yod.kakg fndfydu leue;af;ka ta wh bkafka' tjeks miqìula ;=< m%cd;ka;%jdè idlépdjla u.skau lrk fjkfia iajremh.ek tlõ;djhlg tkak myiqhs' tafla cd;sjd fldgi md¾,sfïka;=fõ úmlaifha bkafka' ta fldgi md,kh lrkafka Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha wh fkdfõ',xld ksoyiaa mlaifha uka;%sjrekaf.ka wjxl msßi fï cd;sl wdkavqjg leu;s hs' ta ksid tal ndodjla fjkafka ke jhjia:d m%;sixialrkfha iq cd;skaf.a wns,dihka we;=<;a lreksug l=uk m%fõyhla o.kakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= Tõ" 13fjks ixfydaokh.ek wms meyeè<s m%ldyhla lr ;sfnkjd' b;ska 13fjks ixfydaokfha wmeyeè<s ;eka meyeè,s lr.;hq;= fjkjd' ;j ÿrg;a meyeè<sjk wdldrhg w¾: ksremkhla lrkakg fõo hkak ug lshkak mq jka lula ke' kuq;a 13 ;uhs wfma isudj' b,a,k ish,a, fokakg fkdyels kuq;a fou< kdhlhska lshkafka tla rgla ;=< ms<s.; yels n,h fn ula wjyh njhs' ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;df.a ch.%ykhg o fou< ckhd úyd, odhl;ajhla,nd we;s ;;a;ajhla ;=< 13 u.ska fou< ck;dj ;Dma;su;a l< yels o@ fïlg ol=fka ck;djf.a wkque;sh;a wjyhhs' ta wkque;sh.kakg fkdyels kï fu;kska biairydg hkak neßnj wm f;areï.; hq;=hs' ±ka ol=fka tlõ;djhla ;sfnkafka 13fjks ixfydaokhg' tlai;a cd;sl mlaih ;uhs 13fjks ixfydaokh f.kdfõ' Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaih tla;rd jljdkqjl thg úreoao jq nj we;a;' ±ka Ys%S,xld ksoyia mlaih;a 13g leu;shs' uyskao rdcmlai;a lsõjd fka 13 ma,ia lsh,d' 13g jvd jeäfhka fokakg iqodkï lsh,d lsõjd fka' ta ksid 13.ek m%yakhla we;af;a u ke' ol=fka wh leu;s m%udkhg W;=f¾ wh leu;s fkdjkag mq jka fka flfia kuq;a wms jhjia:d m%;sixialrkfha lghq;= lrkafka wdkavqfõ isák ish u mlai iu. idlépd lr,d' ta jf.au úmlaifha mlai iuõ;a idlépd lr,d ;uhs fïl lrkafka' uyskao rdcmlai 18fjks jhjia:d ixfydaokh l<d jf.a wms lrkafka ke' wms tfyu lrkafka ke" ish fokd iuõ idlépd lr,d r dmj;sk l%uhla yokakg ;uhs W;aidy orkafka' thska lshkafka újd; idlépdjlskau kj jhjia:d wdld;sh fukau wka;¾.;h u;=lr.kakg W;aidy lrk nj o@ ±ka md¾,sfïka;=fõ isák fndfyda iq cd;sl mlai yd øúv lkavdhï fï jhjia:duh l%shdoduh.ek isákafka yß i;=áka' w ;a jhjia:djla yo,d" ks;sfha W;a;Í;r Ndjh we;s lr,d" iq cd;skag;a idodrkh bgqfjk wdldrfha m%cd;ka;%jdè jhjia:djla yod.kakg fndfydu leue;af;ka ta wh bkafka' tjeks miqìula ;=< m%cd;ka;%jdè idlépdjla u.skau lrk fjkfia iajremh.ek tlõ;djhlg tkak myiqhs' n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ;rfï wdkavql%u jhjia:d fjkila lr.kakg mj;sk jhjia:dfõ úê úodk ;sfnkjd o@ meyeè<sju ;sfnkjd' md¾,sfïka;=fõ wjyh nyq;rh.kakg mq jka kï tal lrkakg mq jka' fï iïuq;s noao wdkavqjg 2$3 n,hla ;sfnkjd ixjdoh uyskao r;akdhl

85 83 Èk 100g ks;sh ndodjla jqkd fhdað; jhjia:d m%;sixialrkh ms<sn j weiq m%yakj,g wud;h ÿñkao Èidkdhl uy;d fufia ms<s;=re ÿkafka h' Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha uy f,alï wud;h ÿñkao Èidkdhl ckjdß 18 ch.%ykh,xld b;sydifha iqúfyais ch.%ykhla f,i i,lkak mq jka' furg b;sydifha ue;sjrk ch.%ykh lf<a iudcwd¾òl m%yak uq,alrf.k' fujr ue;sjrkfha È rfü m%cd;ka;%jdoh nrm;, m%yakhla jqkd' úfyaifhkau rdch m%cd;ka;%lrkfha mshjrla f,i úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh bj;a lsíu yd m%cd;ka;%jd rdch jhqyhla ia:dms; lr.eksu ta w;r m%odkhs' 19 jk ixfydaokfhka hïlsis mshjrla ;enq kuq;a th m%udkj;a lshkakg ne' w ;a wdkavqj kj jhjia:djla.ek l:d lrk fï fudfydf;a" YS%,xld ksoyia mlaih ork ia:djrh ±k.kakg leu;shs' b;sydifha wdkavql%u ixfydaok jf.au wdkavql%u jhjia:d we;sùu.;a;du fj,d ;sfhkafka" ta fj,dfõ ±fkk m%yakhg W;a;r f,i fjkialï

86 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ lsíu' ta jf.au uq,skau wdkavql%u jhjia:dj we;s fjkfldg" ta tod ;snqk m%yakj,g úi ï f,i ;uhs fjkia fj,d ;sfhkafka' j¾;udkfha o wms okakjd iuyr ldrkd fndfyda úg fndfyda ;ekaj, fjkiaúh hq;= wjia:d ;sfhkjd' ta ksid uu ys;kafka" fjki l=uk wdldrfha tlla úhhq;= o hkak yßhgu lshkak mq jkalula ke' tal b;du;a mq,a úihla' tlsfkl ldrkd iuõ.;af;d;a wmg l:dlrkak mq jka ¾>j' WodyrKhla f,i ckdêm;s;=udf.a n,;, fjkia lsíu.;af;d;a 19 jk ixfydaokh.kakg mq jka' ckdêm;s;=udf.a n,;, wvqlsíu iïnkaofhka ck;dj ;=< f,dl= leue;a;la yd wjyh;djhla ;sínd' ta leue;a; yd wjyh;djh ;snqfka" ta n,;, myq.sh ld,fha jeä jyfhka wkjyh wdldrhg Ndú;d jkjd lshk ldrkh ksid' b;sx ta wkqj fu;%smd, isßfiak ckdêm;s ;=ud w ;a fjkila wrnhd iy mßj¾;k hq.hl kdhlfhla úêhg t;=udg mq jka jqkd fï uq,sl wä;d,u odkak' kuq;a ta uq,sl wä;d,fï mjd ckdêm;s;=udg fld;rï wjyh;djhla ;snqk;a" fï rfü ks;s l%shdoduh ;=< wmg hkak wjyh isudjg hkak ks;sh ndodjla jqkd' wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= jqkd ñka tydg hkak' ue;sjrkhla ;sîu;a" ue;sjrkhlska miafi fjk;a m%yak meñksu;a iuõ" hï hï ;ekaj, wmg ysrfjkak isoao jqkd' mßj¾;k hq.hl kdhlfhla úêhg Y%s,xld ksoyia mlaifha kdhlhd yeáhg jf.a u ckdêm;sjrhd f,i;a fï fjki lsíug t;=udg wjyh;djhla ;sfhkjd' B,Õg wms.;af;d;a ue;sjrk l%uh" wms yefudau okakjd fï rfü ue;sjrk l%uh wksjd¾hfhka fjkia úh hq;=uhs' fudlo ±ka ;sfhk ue;sjrk l%uh wkqj foaymd,{fhda Is;hka njg m;afj,d ;sfhkjd' rdch ks,odíka Is;hka njg m;afj,d ;sfhkjd'.ug j.lshkak" ;ukaf.a m%foayhg j.lshkak uka;%sjrfhla ke;sùu yryd ck;dj fld;rï Pkaoh mdúéñ l<;a ck;djf.a b,a,sï Èkd. efï ck;dj w;rux fj,d bkafka' wms ±ka ;sfhk l%uh.;af;d;a tfyu mqoa.,fhda rdyshla tlu fldügdihla ;=< n,dfmdfrd;a;= rdyshla we;s lrkjd' b;sx ck;dj Pkaohla mdúéñ l< ksid ck;dj fï rfü mqrjeishka úèhg Ôj;ajk fldg" ta Woúhf.a n,dfmdfrd;a;= rdyshla ;sfhkjd' fï n,dfmdfrd;a;= fndfydu le; úèhg mdúéñ lrkjd foaymd,kfha ;ukaf.a ch.%ykh fjkqfjka' yenehs wdik l%uh wdjyu" fukak fï lshk ck;dj / jeüàu iy /jàu fukau wkfmalais; n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;shdf.k Ôj;aùu lshk tl wmg kj;ajkak mq jka' t;fldg wmg mq jkalu,efnkjd ;udf.a fldügdifha uka;%sjrfhla bkakjd" tu uka;%sjrhdg mlaihla ;sfhkjd" ta mlaihg u;jdohla ;sfhkjd" fï yryd u;jd foaymd,khg ;ekla tkjd' wms,xldjg,hsü ál,d" j;=r ál,d" md,ï ál yeÿjdg ú;rla yßhkafk ke' m m%;sm;a;suh foaymd,k ldrkh lshk tl;a fï ;=< we;sfjkjd ta u.ska' ta jf.au Pkaoodhlhd;a wdrlaid fjkjd jf.au" wfmalailhdg;a isoaofjkjd ;uka fldügdihg j.lshk uka;%sjrhd úèhg" ;ukag ;sfnk n,;,;a tlal" ;ukaf.a fldügdih ixj¾okh lrdf.k fufyhjkakg' uu ys;kjd fï lshk wdkavql%u jhjia:d ixfydaokh wmg jpk lsysmhlska lsh,d bjr lrkak mq jka lula ke' fkdfhl=;a flai;%j, fkdfhl=;a wdldrhg fuh fjkiaúh hq;=hs' meyeè,sju Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha wms mq,a mßj¾;khla mq,a fjkila i yd fmks isákjd' fïl tl md¾yjhlg" tfyu ke;akï lkavdhulg wjyh jk mßè fkfjhs" ta jf.au wkd.; foaymd,k wruqkla idlaid;a lr.eksu i yd jk fjkil=;a fjkak neye fïl' fudlo wms okakjd b;sydifha fkdfhl=;a fjkialï j,g wms Ndckh fj,d ;sfhkafka iuyrúg rfü wjyh;djh yd fmdÿ wjyh;djh.ek ys;,d fkfjhs' wkd.; foaymd,k.ukau. tfyu ke;akï wkd.; foaymd,k wruqkq Tiafia ;uhs iuyr fjkialï wfma wdkavql%u ixfydaok ;=< we;sfj,d ;sfhkafk' ta ksid ta lshk mgq mrud¾:fhka neyer fj,d mq,a lóldj;la ;=< we;s fjkila fï rfü wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ;=< we;súh hq;=hs lsh,d wms úyajdi lrkafka' wjqreÿ 35l muk ld,hla ;=< fï jhjia:dj 19 j;djla ±ka ixfydaokh fj,d ;sfhkjd' fï ;;a;ajh ;=< kej;;a ixfydaokhlg hkjd tfyu ke;akï w ;a wdkavql%uhla o fhdackd lrkafka' uu mqoa.,slj úyajdilrkjd fï ish,a, tl;eklg od,d mq,a ixfydaokhla wfma rgg fhda.hhhs lsh,d' fï ish,a,u ;SrKh fjkafka wfma mgq foaymd,k wnsu;d¾:hka lshk tflka mßndysrj" wms ish fokdu b;d újd;j rg úèhg i<ld" fï ;Skaÿ ;SrK.kak klu ;sfhkjd' uu úyajdi lrkjd mq,a ixfydaokhla ;sfhkjd kï" uu wykafka ;sfhk jhjia:dj ixfydaokh lrkjd o@ ke;akï w ;a jhjia:djla y kajd fokjd o lshk tlhs' lsishï jereoaola ;sfhkjd kï fjkiaúh hq;=hs fka' w¾: l:kh lr.kak mq jka w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:djla lsh,;a" yenehs fjkila

87 85 lsh,;a lshkak mq jkalu ;sfhkjd' yenejgu jk fjkilafka ;sfhk tfla wvqmdvq ksjerèlr,d w f;ka tkjd lshkafka' t;fldg tal lüáhlg lshkak mq jkalu ;sfhkjd fïl w ;au wdkavql%u jhjia:djla lsh,d' ;j;a lüáhlg lshkak mq jkalu ;sfhkjd fï lr,d ;sfhkafk w ;a fohla fkfjhs" mrk tfla wvqmdvq yo,d lsh,d' fjkafka rgg wjyhlrk ia:sridr úiÿula,efnk tl' t;fldg md¾,sfïka;= wdkavql%uhla o ke;akï ckdêm;s l%uhla o Y%s,xld ksoyia mlaih fhdackd lrkafka@ ta ms<sn j;a rfü u; folla ;sfhkjd fka' iuyre l:dny lrkjd fï rgg b;du;a wjyh l%uh fïlhs lsh,d' ;j;a lüáhla lshkjd ke tfyu fkfjhs fï úèhhhs fjkak k lsh,d' úodhl ckdêm;s l%uh wms,xldj me;af;ka.;af;d;a id¾:l fjép w;a±lsï jf.au wid¾:l fjép w;a±lsuq;a ;sfhkjd' WodyrKhla f,i hqo ch.%ykh yqfolau ckdêm;s yd ckdêm;s n,;,;a tlal id¾:l fjép wjia:djla' ta jf.au ;j;a iuyr ;eka ;sfhkjd ta úodhl n,h jeäùu;a tlal fï n,h jeäfhka mdúéñ lsíu;a tlal fï rgg we;sfjép widodrklï' ta ksid fïfl fyd krl fome;a;u ;sfhkjd' b;sx fïl wo wmg ;Skaÿlrkak mq jkalula keye fudk l%uh o" fudk rfü ;sfnk l%ufõoh o mdúéñ lrkafka lshk tl lshkakg' talhs uu lsõfj fï i yd mq,a foaymd,k lsóldj;la" tajf.au idudôh woyia fï ish,a,u tl;=lr.kak fka" úfyaifhkau nqoaêu;=ka' ta jf.au fudlla fyda rgla wrf.k wmg lshkak neye fïl fyd hs lsh,d' jvd;au fyd Ndú;hla ;sfhk foa ;uhs.kak mq jkalu ;sfhkafk',xldfõ wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ks¾udkh lsífï ;sfhk nrm;,u m%yakh jkafka iq cd;skaf.a wns,dihka we;=,alr.eksu' w ;a jhjia:djg iq cd;skaf.a wns,dyhka we;=<;a lr.kafka fldfydu o@ fïl Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha u;h fkfjhs" meyeè,sju fïl uf.a mqoa.,sl u;h' wmg wjqreÿ 35la ;=< hqoaoh mej;su;a tlal wms j¾. j¾. úèhg fnè,d ysgmq wjia:d ;snqkd' fïl wmg uycd;sh úèhg ±fkkafk ke;sjqkdg úfyaifhkau kd.ßl m%foayj, fld<u.;af;d;a isxy," fou<" uqia,sï lsh,d ljodj;a fn ula ;snqfka ke' wog;a fou< cd;sl jhdmdßlhska.;af;d;a tfyu uy cd;slhka wnsnj,d lghq;= lrkjd' uqia,sï ck;dj;a tfyuhs' wmg fï fjkialu ±ks,d keye" yenehs m%yak ;snqk ;ek ta fjki meyeè,sju olskak ;snqkd' uy cd;sh w;ska md,kh fjkak we;s' iq cd;shg m%yak we;s fjkak we;s' fkdfhl=;a foaj,a myq.sh ld,h ;=< we;sfjkak bv ;snqkd' oeka hqoaoh wjika fj,d talsh rgl ;=< wms iq cd;sh yd uy cd;sh úèhg fnèh hq;=o@ fï lshk m%yakh wmg ;sfhkjd' wms WodyrKhla úèhg.;af;d;a tfyu wo foaymd,k mlai mjd ìysfj,d ;sfhkjd' cd;ska" j¾." l=, uq,a lrf.k' wfma rg Èyd ne fjd;a wmg tal fmakjd' fïl wfma rfü ú;rla fkfjhs w,a,mq bkaèhdfõ ne j;a úyd, jyfhka tal ;sfhkjd' b;sx wms fï rfü fjkila we;s lrmq lkavdhula iy fjkila iy mßj¾;k hq.h;a tlal ;j;a bèßhg wms iq cd;sh úèhg ie<lsh hq;= o@ we;a;gu tfyu ke;akï Y%S,dxlslfhda úèhg tl l%ufõohlg" WodyrKhla úèhg.;af;d;a tfyu wfma rfü wohdmk m%;sm;a;sh yeÿfkd;a" wfma rfü ldisl¾u m%;sm;a;shla yeÿfkd;a" wfma rfü fi!lh m%;sm;a;shla yeÿfkd;a" wmg iq cd;skao uy cd;skao lsh,d fjkila keyefka' fldhso fjkila ;sfhkafk@ ta ksid uu lshkafka wms fï lshk mßj¾:;fhka ;uhs hdhq;= jkafka' ta mßj¾;kh ;=< iq cd;sh o" uy cd;sh o" lshk tl;a tlal fkfjhs mqoa.,hdg ie<lsu,efnkafka' rfü mqrjeisfhla úèhg' uu lshkafka wms mßj¾;khla lrd hdhq;= kï" hkjd kï" wms ;du;a mrk ykñá woyiaj, bkakjd o lshk woyi ;rekfhla úèhg ug ;sfhkkjd' tod iq cd;shg m%yak ;snqk nj we;a;" yenehs wo iq cd;shg m%yak ke;akï iq cd;sh;a wfmau msßila úèhg" Y%S,dxlSh msßila úèhg ms<s.kakjd kï ;j;a wms fï lshk ud;dldj l:d l< hq;= o@ ;rekfhla úèhg ug ;sfhk m%yakh;a tal' foaymd,{fhla úèhg fkfjhs ;rekfhla úèhg ug fï lshk m%yakh ;Èka ;sfhkjd' wehs wms ;du;a fïl l:d ny lrkafka' WodyrKhla úèhg.;af;d;a wms W;=re m<d;a indfõ Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaihg jvd à'tka'ta' mlaih ckm%shhs' ta Woúh;a iu. ck;dj bkakjd' b;sx wms tfyu kï fïfl u;jd j Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaih m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn j l:dny lr,d fou< ck;dj wfma me;a;g tkjd o@ wfma lüáh ta me;a;g hkjdo lshk ;Skaÿjfka bèßhg.kak fka' ta yerekqfldg n,y;aldrfhka Èkd.ekSfï yelshdjla keyefka' tfyu kï mlaihla úèhg wmg isoaofjkjd ckm%sh ;ek wfma mlaih mdúéñ fjkak;a" fjk;a mlaihla ckm%sh ;ek ta lüáhg ta wjia:dj,ndfokak;a" WodyrKhla yeáhg fldügdi l%uh ;=< wo iq mlai úfyaifhka l:d lrkjd ta whf.a ksfhdackhla ke;sfjhs o@ lsh,d' b;sx meyeè,sju Y%S,xld

88 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ lkavdhula l:dlrkjd fï rfü fjkila keye' fï rfü yfudau talsh rgla ;=< Y%S,dxlslfhda lsh,d' ;j;a lááhla l:d lrkjdkï ke fï wfma wh lsh,d" tal jerèhs' tfyu wfma wh lsh,d l:d lrkak whs;shla ;sfhkafk iq cd;skag mukla fkfjhs tfykï wmg;a whs;shla ;sfhkjd wms uy cd;sh lsh,d lshkak' ksoyia mlaifha wms yeu ;eku Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaih ksfhdackh úh hq;=hs lshk woyila ke' WodyrKhlg.;af;d;a tfyu fld<t bkakjd fou< ck;dj" fld<u fou< ck;dj jeäfhka Ôj;ajk fldügdyhlg mlaihla úèhg wms fudllao lrkak k' wms isxy, mqoa.,fhla odkak yokjd lshk tl wid¾:lhs' m%foayfha fou< ck;dj kï Ôj;afjkafk Y%S,xld ksoyia mlaifha m%;sm;a;shg leu;s ta fou< ck;djf.a kdhlfhla m;alr.kak tl ;uhs wms l< hq;= jkafk' ta úèhg fï mßj¾;kh jqkdu fldfy o fï rfü iq cd;shg ksfhdackhla ke;s fjkafka' fldfy o fï rfü iq cd;shg widodrkhla fjkafka' b;sx uu fï lshk ldrkdj tl / fhka lrkak mq jka ldrkdjla fkfjhs' úyajdih u; we;sfjk.kqfokqjla tal' b;sx ta úyajdih wms;a we;s lr.;hq;=hs' ta jf.au fï ms<sn ±äu;odí úèhg l:d lrk Woúh;a" ta úyajdih lshk tl we;slr.kak fyd ld,h weú,a,d ;sfhkjd' t;fldg wms ±ka iqnjd ;eklg;a weú,a,d wdfh mdrla wms mrk w;a±lsï yd krl w;a±lsï.ek l:d lr,d ta u; ;Skaÿ ;SrK.kak yokjd kï wms wfma wkd.; kqmka ore mrmqrg lrk f,dl= widodrkhla' ta ksid uu lshkafka ;rekfhla úèhg fï rfü lsisu cd;shlg widodrkhla fjkak neye' lsisu j¾.hlg widodrkhla fjkak neye' fï ish fokdu Y%S,dxlSh mqrjeishka úèhg ms<s. kak k' yenehs ta;a tlalu ljqreyß W;aydi lrkjd kï foaymd,kh ksid fjkak mq jka" ;ukaf.a ksfhdackh ksid mq jka" ;ukaf.a meje;au ksid mq jka j¾.h" cd;sh" l=,h úl=kkjdkï fïl jerèhs' fïl keje;aúh hq;=hs' fudlo lkavdhula l:dlrkjd fï rfü fjkila keye' fï rfü yfudau talsh rgla ;=< Y%S,dxlslfhda lsh,d' ;j;a lááhla l:d lrkjd kï ke fï wfma wh lsh,d" tal jerèhs' tfyu wfma wh lsh,d l:d lrkak whs;shla ;sfhkafk iq cd;skag mukla fkfjhs tfykï wmg;a whs;shla ;sfhkjd wms uy cd;sh lsh,d lshkak' uu lshkafka fï úèhg uy cd;sh" iq cd;sh" fïl uf.a fldgi" fïl wyj,df.a fldgi lsh,d fnod.kak.sfhd;a" fïl we;s lrkak mq jkalula keye' ta ksid wms újd;j Y%S,dxlslhka úèhg ys;k hq.hlg ±ka hdhq;= fjkjd' WodyrKhla úèhg lsõfjd;a Bfha wfma ckdêm;s;=ud i¾j mdlaisl iuq j le jqjd' ta iuq fõ fï rfü ;sfnk ish u m%odk mlaij, ksfhdac;fhda isáhd" ;ukaf.a u;h.ek l:d lrkak ;ukaf.a woyia.ek l:d lrkak fï rfü ish cd;skag ish mlaij,g" tl fïihla jgd b ka l:d lrkak mq jka jd;djrkh yeè,d ;sfhkjd' b;sydifha fkdjqkd fjkak mq jka' j¾;udkfha wms ta mßj¾;k hq.hg weú,a,d ;sfhkjd kï" wms yefudau mßj¾;kh fjkak k' tlaflfkla fokafkla fkfjhs' uy cd;sh ú;rla fkfjhs' uy mlai ál mukla fkfjhs fï ish fokdu fndfydu újd;j úyajdikshndjhla we;sj fï.ufka fldgialdrfhla mx.=ldrfhla fjkak k lsh,hs uu ys;kafka' wkd.;fha wms,dxlsh cd;shla f.dvke.su i yd hk.ufka fïl ixl%uksh wjia:djla úèhg ;uhs olskak mq jka' ±kg md,k jhqyfh;a m<d;a ind f,i lsishï úèhlg fnod ;sfhkjd fka' fï fnod we;s n,h fldhs úèhgo B<Õ wdkavql%u jhjia:djg we;=,a lrkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkafka@ ±ka wmg m<d;a ind l%uh yl=,kak mq jkalula keyefka' ta l%ufõohg ±ka wms mqreÿfj,d ;sfhkjd fka'' ta ksid meyeè<sju m<d;a ind;a" m%dfoaysh ind;a" uohu rch lshk fï ;=k tlg tl;=fj,d ld¾hlaiu;djh jeä lsíu i yd fldfyduo lghq;= lrkafka lsh,d wms l,amkd lrkak k' iuyr fj,djg ±ka tlu foa wdh;k ;=fkkau lrkjd kï" tfyu ke;akï tlu foa wdh;k ;=kgu mejß,d ;sfhkjd kï" tajd ksjdrè lr ld¾hlaiu;djh jeälr. kafk fldfyduo lsh,d ;uhs wms l:d lrkak k' talg wr iu.dó,ehsia;=j ndodjla fj,d ;sfhkjd fka o@ iuyr ;ekaj, ndodjka ;sfhkjd' yenehs fï ndodjka ish,a,u wmg ksjerè lr.kak mq jka' ixjdoh uyskao r;akdhl

89 87 lñgq fhdackdj md¾,sfïka;=jg bèßm;a fkdlsíu.ek we;af;a l<lsíula ysgmq ckdêm;sks pkaø sld nkavdrkdhl l=udrk;=x." ta'té'tï' wiafrd*a" w.ue;s rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d iu. uqia,sï fldx.%ia ksfhdach uyd f,alï ks;s{ ksidï ldßhmam¾ fï w ;a wdkavqj" úfyaifhka w.ue;s rks,a úl%uisxy uy;df.a yd ckdêm;s ffu;%smd, isßfiak uy;df.a kdhl;ajfhka fï rgg kj jhjia:djla y kaosug wdrïnhla f.k ;sfí' hq.fha wjyh;djhla jk th" wms b;du;a idorfhka ms<s.ksuq' tmukla fkdj uqia,sï fldx.%ih f,i thg fokag mq jka Wmßu iyh ±laùu wmf.a tlu mrud¾: fõ' rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=ud fï iïnkaofhka Tyqg Wmfoia u i yd lñgqjla m;a o m;alr we;' wdpd¾h chïm;s úl%ur;ak tu lñgqfõ indm;s jk w;r fou< ikaodkfha uka;%sjrfhl= jk ks;s{ iquka;srka uy;d iy Y%S,xld uqia,sï fldx.%ifha ksfhdach uy f,alï jyfhka uu o lghq;= lrñ' wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iïnkaofhka ish u idlépdj,g iynd.s jq ks;s{jrfhl= f,i ud lshkafka fuh fyd wdrïnhla nj h' ish u cd;sska úiska ms<s.efkk" ish u ck fldügdy ksfhdackh jk" ish fokdu we;= flfrk jhjia:djla f.dvke.suhs fuys wruqk' wm mukla

90 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ fkdj foaymd,k u;jdoj,g Tífnka isák úoaj;=ka lkavdhula o fuhg iynd.s ù isàu;a" cd;hka;r uügfï úoaj;=ka lkavdhulf.a iyfhda.h iy Tjqkag ;sfnk ±kqu iy w;a±lsu;a fïlg,nd.kag ork W;aidyh wms b;d wf.a fldg i,luq' úfyaifhka fuh yèisfha lrk lghq;a;la fkdj w.ue;s;=ud wf.daia;= 17 ue;sjrkh wjika fjkakg;a fmr lñgqjla m;alr" ue;sjrk ch.%ykfhka miq i;shla we;=,; ta lñgqj le jd" udihla we;=,; /iaùï lsysmhla u mj;ajd hï wdrïnl mshjrlg ±ka meñk ;sfí' jhjia:dodhl ukav,h fuf;la,xld b;sydifha" kj jhjia:djla iïnkaofhka ;snqkq m%fõyhg álla fjkia m%fõyhla wm ±ka wrf.k ;sfí' tal ;uhs md¾,sfïka;=ju jhjia:dodhl indjla njg m;alsíu' ±kg mj;sk wdkavql%u jhjia:dfjka Tíng f.dia" md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:dodhl ukav,hla yeáhg /ia ù tls md¾,sfïka;= jhjia:dodhl ukav,h yryd 72 fuka w ;a jhjia:djla f.k tafï W;aiydhla fuys ke;' fu;k jeo.;a jkafka ;sfnk jhjia:dj ;=<" kj jhjia:djla f.ktafï wnsfhda.h Ndr.ekSu h' uu ys;kafka fï yd iudk wnsfhda.hla ol=kq wm%sldfõ kdhlhska ms<sf.k th id¾:l lr.;af;a h' kuq;a mej;s jhjia:djla u; w;rueè jhjia:d uq,o¾uhka u; l%shdlr ;uhs Tjqka t;ekg wdfõ' yenehs m<uqjeks jhjia:d uq,o¾uh ;uhs wms.;af;a ;snqkq rduqj ;=<u th lsíug' ta wkqj wms" ;sfnk rduqj yryd ;uhs fuh lrkakg uykais,dxlsh wkkh;djhla we;slsíu ;uhs" uqia,sï fldx.%ih yeáhg ud fu;k olsk jeo.;au ldrkh',xldfõ isák ish u ck fldügdij,g" uf.a rfü uf.a jhjia:dj yeáhg ms<s.kak mq jka" wms;a tl;=fj,d yod.;a; jhjia:djla f,i" wdvïnr ye.sula we;s lr.kak tl ;uhs wmg ;sfnk f,dl=u wnsfhda.h'.kafka' túg lsisu jhjia:d úfrdaë l%shdjla fu;k ke;' wkd.;fha lsisu mqoa.,fhl=g weõs,a,la È.= lr ks;s úfrdaê" ke;akï hïlsis iudcfha Tjqkaf.a woyia úuikafka ke;sj" hïlsis fldügdyhl fyda hïlsis ck iuqyhl woyia fkdúuid l< fohla yeáhg fïl y kajkakg fkdyel' Y%S,dxlSh wkkh;djhla we;slsíu ;uhs" uqia,sï fldx.%ih yeáhg ud fu;k olsk jeo.;au ldrkh',xldfõ isák ish u ck fldügdij,g" uf.a rfü uf.a jhjia:dj yeáhg ms<s.kak mq jka" wms;a tl;=fj,d yod.;a; jhjia:djla f,i" wdvïnr yeõsula we;s lr.kak tl ;uhs wmg ;sfnk f,dl=u wnsfhda.h' tal tmuk f,fyis myiq ld¾hl=;a fkdfõ' ulaksid o h;a" fï ck fldügdyhka w;r ;sfnkafka fjkia jq wns,dihka' Tjqfkdjqkaf.a wns,dihka iïmq¾kfhkaa ke;slr.kaafka ke;sj" lemùula fkdue;sj" wjdis we;slr.kafka ke;sj" ta wns,dyhka ish,a,lau tl;eklg f.fkk tl úyd, wnsfhda.hls' j;auka wdkavqjg uqyqk ug ;sfnkafka fï id úyd, wnsfhda.hlg h' Y%S,xld b;sydifha m<uqjeks j;djg m%odk mlai fofla kdhlhska rfü kdhl;ajh njg m;a ù ;sfí' udf.a l,amkdfõ yeáhg tjeks wjia:djla,xldjg kej; tkafka ke;' tjeks wjia:djla ;snq kuq;a".egqï iys; mlai fofla kdhlhka rfü kdhl;ajh.eksu ;=<u.egqï iys; iajndjhla ta wjia:dfõ ;snqks' pkaøsld nkavdrkdhl ue;sksh ckdêm;s ù rks,a úl%uisxy uy;d w.ue;s jq ld,fha we;s jq ta wjia:dj yd wo w;r úyd, fjkila we;' tlla ;uhs tjlg ckdêm;s i;= n,;, wêlùu iy w.ue;s i;= n,;, wvqùu' fojekak ;uhs Tjqka tlsfklg.efgñka ;uhs ta fudfydf;a rg md,kh lf<a' kuq;a ±kg ckdêm;s iy w.ue;s w;r rg md,kh lsíu.ek hïlsis tlõ;djhla ;sfí' tmukla fkdj ckdêm;s;=ud ;ukaf.a n,;, iefykak wvq lrf.k" Tyqf.a iydh yd Tyqf.a wdrïnh o fuhg,nd we;'' ta ksid fïl fft;sydisl hq.hla f,i o y qkajkakg mq jk' idudkh Y%S,dxlslhkag tys jeo.;alu fkdfmkqkdg wksjd¾hfhka úoaj;=ka" isú,a iudch" foaymd,kh ms<sn w;a±lsï ;sfnk fndfyda fofkl=g fï ms<sn wjfndaohla ;sfí' fïl Y%S,dxlslhkag,enqKq wk.s wjia:djls' by; i yka l< WmfoaYl

91 89 lñgqj /ia ù meh.kkdjla idlépd lr" ±kg md¾,sfïka;=fõ isák ish u uka;%sjrekaf.a iïmq¾k odhl;ajh jhjia:d iïmdokhg n,d.eksug wms ;SrKh lf<uq' md¾,sfïka;=fõ ld,h fïlg ñvx.= l<fyd;a th fkdjk fohla jk njg wksjd¾hfhka m;afõ' ta ksid md¾,sfïka;=j jhjia:dodhl indjla yeáhg md¾,sfïka;= ind.¾nh ;=<u /iafjkag wms fhdackd lf<uq' ia:djr ksfhda.h fjkia lr l%shd lrkakg hïlsis l%shdj,shla o wms o wm úiska ilia flreks' fï wkqj m<uq jeks wèhr f,i fhdackdjla md¾,sfïka;=fõ iïu; lr.kakg isÿfõ' ta fhdackdj iïu; lr.eksu yryd jhjia:dfõ ±kgu;a,nd ;sfnk m%;smdok wkqjhs fuh lrkakg iqodkï jkafka' wdkavql%u jhjia:dj iïmq¾kffhka bj;a lsíug tl m%;smdokhla wmf.a jhjia:dfõ ;sfí' iïmq¾kfhka jhjia:dj bj;a lrkak fkdyels nj i ykajk kuq;a" bj;a lrkjd kï iïu; lr.eksug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:dj bèßm;a lr,d ;uhs" ;sfnk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj fjkia lrkak m%;smdokhla ;sfnkafka' ta m%;smdokh wkqj kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ flgqïm; md¾,sfïka;=jg bèßm;alr 2$3ka iïu; lrf.k wksjd¾hfhkau cku; úpdrkhlg hdhq;= h' ta lshkafk wms fudl=;a fldf<a yx.d lrkafka ke;' mqrjeis woyia ta wkqj md¾,sfïka;=ju jhjia:d indjla yeáhg lghq;= lrñka ta flgqïm; yod.eksug kshñ; h' 225 fokdug u tl;= ù flgqïm; iïmq¾kfhka jhjia:dj bj;a lrkak fkdyels nj i ykajk kuq;a" bj;a lrkjd kï iïu; lr.eksug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:dj bèßm;a lr,d ;uhs" ;sfnk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj fjkia lrkak m%;smdokhla ;sfnkafka' ta m%;smdokh wkqj kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ flgqïm; md¾,sfïka;=jg bèßm;alr 2$3ka iïu; lrf.k wksjd¾hfhkau cku; úpdrkhlg hdhq;= h' yod. eksu m%dfhda.slj l< fkdyels fohla jk ksid lñgq" wkqlñgq yryd" md¾,sfïka;=j talg hï l%shdud¾. hla yod.ksú' Bg iudka;rj,xldfõ ;sfnk mqrjeishkaf.a yd isú,a iudcfha Wmfoia yd woyia úuid yels kï rg jfü f.daia msgm<d;a j,ska o woyia tl;= lrf.kakg wms fhdackd lf<uq' fuhg wu;rj ±kg ;sfnk ikaksfõokfha ÈhqKqj i<ld" kq;k ;dlaikh Ndú;d lsíug o wfmalais; h' l=vd ck.ykhla jqj;a" W;=re wh¾,ka; mqrjeisfhda fjí wvú yd wfkl=;a fldïmshqg¾ ;dlaikh yryd ;u jhjia:dj yod. kak ish u mqrjeishkaf.a woyia tlaldiq lr.;a y' ta.ek Tjqka l:d lrkafka uy;a wdvïnrfhks' todg;a jvd m%n, f,i ;dlaikh ÈhqKq ù ;sfnk wo th myiqfjka lr.kak mq jk' uu ys;kafk w.ue;s;=udf.a ld¾hd,fha fjku wxyhla msysgqjd" kq;k ;dlaikh yryd isxyf,ka fyda fouf<ka ;;a;amr lsysmhlska rg mqrd úisí isák mqrjeishkaf.ka woyia,nd. eksug neßlula ke;' th tl jpkhla fjkakg mq jk' jpk 1000la fjkakg;a mq jk' iuyr úg th,xldfõ isák '] la jk mqoa.,fhl=f.a woyila jqj o lï ke;' ta woyiaj, we;s jeo.;a fhdackd o we;=,;alr flgqï m;la bèßm;a lrkakg yelskï th jvd;a jeo.;a h' fï rfü ish fokdf.a woyia tl;=lrf.k ;sfnkjd o@ tajdg hïlsis jákdlula ;sfnkjdo@ ta woyia wjidkfha Ndr wrf.k ;sfnkjdo@ m%;slafiam lr ;sfnkjdo@ ta m%;slafiam lsíu idodrko lsh,d wkd.; mrïmrdjg n,kak mq jka úèfya b;du;a wdl¾iksh yd ish fokdf.a is;a Èkd.; yels l%shdj,shla.ek ;uhs wms l:d lf<a' ldf.aj;a ys;a ßojkafka ke;sj" lsíug ;sfnk foaymd,kuh wjyh;djh iy leue;a; Wmßu uügfuka wo ;sfí' thg fya;=j jyfhka uu olskafka ta fhdackdj yo,d ;sfnkafka md¾,sfïka;=jg iïu; lr.kakg h' Bg miafia ;uhs jhjia:dodhl indj mgka.eksug yelsjkafka' ue;l ckdêm;s;=ud" w.ue;s;=ud iy úfoay weu;s;=ud cd;hka;r iuq j, ±lajq woyia" fï l%shdj,shg jeo.;a W;af;aclh f,i wms olsuq' hqo wmrdo ms<sn m%yak yd wfkl=;a m%yak iïnkaofhka tlai;a cd;skaf.a iuq j, l:dl< yeu wjia:djl Su Tjqka mqkmqkd lsfõ fï rfü ish u ck fldügdij,g ms<s.; yels kj jhjia:djla.ek h'

92 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ tlai;a cd;skaf.a iuq fõ iïu; lr.;a fhdackdfõ wxl 16 ;SrKh ù we;af;a" ck fldügdihg,ndèh hq;= n,;,.ek h' n,h fn u iïnkaofhka lshkafka" ;sfnk wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yd 13 jeks ixfydaokh mokï lrf.k,ndèh hq;=h hkak h' t;fldg cd;hka;r jyfhka tfyu ;sìh ;a wjyh kï wmg f,aisfhkau 13 ma,ia hehs lshkakg ;snqks' tfy;a wms thska Tíng f.dia kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ms<sn l:d lrkafkuq' wm fuh lrkafka cd;hka;r Bg iudka;rj,xldfõ ;sfnk mqrjeishkaf.a yd isú,a iudcfha Wmfoia yd woyia úuid yels kï rg jfü f.daia msgm<d;a j,ska o woyia tl;= lrf. kakg wms fhdackd lf<uq' fuhg wu;rj ±kg ;sfnk ikaksfõokfha ÈhqKqj i<ld" kq;k ;dlaikh Ndú;d lsíug o wfmalais; h' l=vd ck.ykhla jqj;a" W;=re wh¾,ka; mqrjeisfhda fjí wvú yd wfkl=;a fldïmshqg¾ ;dlaikh yryd ;u jhjia:dj yod.kak ish u mqrjeishkaf.a woyia tlaldiq lr.;a y' m%cdjf.a n,meïj,g fkdj wfma Wjukdjg nj fuhska u meyeè<s fõ' ñksiqka fï.ek l:d fkd lsíu ms<sn we;a;gu uu mqÿu ùñ' iuyr úg l:d fkdlrk tl;a fyd hehs ug isf;a' ula ksid o h;a" l:d lrkakg f.dia lrkak mq jka foa o neßfjk ;ekg lghq;= isÿúh yels fyhsks' mqÿu úèhg ud o ta l:djg wdl¾ikh jqks' iïuq;sfha ;SrKh mjd wmg n, fkdl< tlls' bkaèhdj mjd mejiqfõ 13 ma,ia hkqfjks' tfia ;sì ;a" wms ck fldgiaj, m%yak.ek;a l:dlr kj jhjia:djla yok nj úfoay weu;s;=ud meyeè<sj m%ldy lf<a h' W;a;Í;r ks;shla wfma fhdackdj, ldrkd 4la iïnkaofhka meyeè<sj i ykalr ;sfí' tflka tlla ;uhs m%cd;ka;%sh whs;sjdislï Yla;su;a lsíu" ish u mqrjeishkaf.a whs;sjdislï hk ldrkdj fojekak h' cd;sl m%yakhg ksis úi ula,nd u ;=kajekak h' idodrk jq uyck ksfhdackhla,nd u B <Õ ldrkdj h' ckdêm;s l%uhla ;shd.kakjd o@ ke;akï ±kg mj;sk l%uh ;nd. kakjdo@" ke;akï ;j ÿrg;a n,;, wvq lr ;nd.kakjd o@ ke;akï iïmq¾kfhka wfydais lrkjd o@ lshk tl ;uhs wms l:d lrkafka' Bg miq wfma uq,sl whs;sjdislï yd ksoyi ms<sn ;j;a tl;=lr.;hq;= lrekq ;sfhkjd o hkak fidhd ne,sh hq;=h' 19 jk ixfydaokfha" úfyaifhka f;dr;=re ±k.eksfï whs;sh ms<sn j wvqmdvq ;snqks' tajd wdmyq ksjerè lrkakg wjyh h' B<.g ;uhs cd;sl m%yakh' ish u ckfldgiaj,g ms<s.;yels úi ula fuu kj jhjia:dfjka we;s lsíu w;hjyh fõ' uu ys;kafka fï rg ksoyi,nd.;aa miq" fou< ck;dj tod isg fï ;udf.a rfü wdkavql%u jhjia:djla f,i ydohdx.uj ms,s.;af;a ke;' Tjqka tod b,du ;rõ l<d' wnsfhda. l<d h' iuyr úg wfma whs;sjdislïj,g mgyeks wdldrhg ;uhs md¾,sfïka;=jg tkafka hehs mejiqjd' wdkavql%u jhjia:dfõ ;sfnk ldrkd ms<sfkdf.k ;uhs wms fïjd lrkafka' wms Èjqreï fokafka;a" fjk lrkak fohla ke;s ksid ñi leue;a;lska fkdjk nj o m%ldylr we;' ke;akï wms Èjqreï fokafka keye lshk ia:djrfha o Tjqka isáfha h' b;sx uu ys;kafk rfü W;a;Í;r ks;shg leu;s ke lshdf.k rg ;=< bkakjd lshk tl m%yakhla' we;a;gu tal Tjqkag mukla fkdj fome;a;gu m%yakhls' tlaflda Tjqka fuydg tkg fka" ke;akï tydg hkakg fka uqia,sï m%cdj yeáhg rg fnokakg wms ljodj;a leu;s fkdjkafka ù kuq;a ks;s{fhla f,i uu olskafka lsis flkl=g neye rfü W;a;Í;r ks;sh ms<sfkdf.k tlg bkakg' tlafld ta ñksiqka ks;s úfrdaë hehs mjid w,a,d.; hq;=h' tfia w,a,d.eksu wmf.a ydo idlaishg bvfkdfokafka kï ta ñksiqkag ;ukaf. au W;a;Í;r ks;shla ;nd f.k fjku hkakg bv Èh hq;=h' fujeks wjia:djl 20] muk isák fou< m%cdj tlfy,du fï W;a;Í;r ks;sh Ndr.ekSug fkdyels nj mjikafka kï tlg isàfï lsisÿ f;areula ke;' tal wms wmsju rjügd.kakd jevls' wmg ksoyiska miq fï rfü ish u ck fldügdi tl;= lrf.k

93 91 yodmq jhjia:djla fkdtkafka kï wmsg wkd.;hla ke;s njhs ud kï olskafka' ish u ck fldgiaj,g b,a,k ieu fohla u Èh fkdyels kuq;a hïlsis wdldrhlg ms<s.; yels ish fokdg idodrk úh yels jhjia:djla lshk tl úyd, m%yakhla o fkdfõ' fïjd idlépd lsíu mukla m%udkj;a ke;' ieu fohlau tl;eklg ls\neish hq;= h' y;r jekakg tk ue;sjrk l%uh.ek ;uhs wmg idlépd lrkakg ;sfnkafka' wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd fïl id¾:l lr.; yels nj' wka;jdoh Y=kH lsíu uqia,sï fldx.%ih f,i tfia m%ldylrk w;r u" fm!oa.,slj ud olsk wdldrhg fuh lsíu t;rï myiq ld¾hla o fkdfõ' ula ksido h;a" foaymd,k l%ufha wjyh;djh ;=< Th ldrkd 4ka ckdêm;s l%uh ms<sn ldrkdj flfia fyda u;= msgg meñfka' fya;=j ta ms<sn hïlsis wjidk ;Skaÿjlg meñksug foaymd,k kdhl;ajhg isÿfõ' ulaksido h;a" fï rfü fï khdhm;% iliajkafka foaymd,k kdhlhskaf.a wjyh;djhg hkak wmg wu;l l< fkdyel' Y%S,xld ksoyia mlai yd tlai;a cd;sl mlai kdhl;ajhg ta wjyh;dj ;sfí' ta ksid ta iïnkaofhka hïlsis ;SrKhlg meñksug yelsfõ hehs uu is;ñ' ue;sjrk l%uh ms<sn j ck;dj ;=< úyd, l<lsíula fukau th fjkia l< hq;= njg jq wdl,amh ±kg f.dvke.s we;' ta.ek;a wmg l,amkd lrkag isÿfõ' kuq;a wksla ldrkd.ek" tkï m%cd;ka;%jd whs;sjdislï ;j;a ¾> lsíu iy uq,sl whs;sjdislï fukau mqrjeis whs;sjdislï iy cd;sl m%yakh ms<sn ck;dj ;=< ixjdohla yßhg flí ke;' tjeks ixjdohla we;s fkdlf<d;a oyu.kkla jk wka;jd kag iïmq¾kfhka fuu l%shdj,sh Y+kH lrkakg yels fõ' / iaùï 4l 5la ;nd rg fnokak hk nj mjid ke;skï ngysr wêrdchjd ka wmsj hg;a lrkakg hk khdh m;%hla we;snj mjiñka fuh wjq,a l< yel' ta l:d ms<s.kakg o ñksiaiq isá;s' tjeks miqìul ck;dj w;r ixjdohla we;s fkdlr th id¾:l l< fkdyel' fï.ek o wm idlépd lf<uq' ish u fokdf.a woyia tl;=lrf.k bèßhg hd hq;= nj wm ;SrKh lf<a ta ixjdoh we;s lsíugh' wm fldmuk mejiqj;a tu ixjdoh we;s lsíug foaymd,k kdhlhskag bèßhg taug isÿfõ' uqia,sï m%cdj yeáhg wmg;a iuyr m%yak we;' ckdêm;s l%uh iïmq¾kfhka wfydais lsíu ms<sn j ;ju wmg;a wjidk ;SrKhlg meñksug fkdyels ù ;sfí' ±kg ;sfnk wvq lrk,o n,;, ;sfnk ckdêm;sjrfhl=f.ka uqia,sï m%cdj lsishï uügulg ieysulg m;a ù isá;s' wfma mlaih ;=<;a lshd ;sfnkjd ckdêm;s l%uh iïmq¾kfhka wfydais lsíu iuyr úg iq cd;skag m%yakhla úh yels nj' tajf.au ue;sjrk l%uh ms<sn j fkdfhl=la wúyajdi ;sfí' kuq;a wms kï 20 jeks ixfydaok fldgqïmf;a 99]l tlõ;djhlg m;a úh' ish u ck fldügdi tlalrf.k ;SrKj,g meñksug u;fnao iys; m%yak ;sfí' kuq;a tajd idlépd lr úi d.; yel' wms leue;af;ka fyda wlue;af;ka we;s lr.;a 13 jeks ixfydaokh ;=< wmf.a w;a±lsï tl;=lr lrf.k ;uhs biairyg hkakg fjkafka' tlajru w ;a fohlg hdu wmyiqh' ta wdldrhg kj jhjia:djla f.kdhq;= njhs wfma woyi' ;jo fuys i yka fjkjd udi 6la we;=<; fhdackd iïu; lrf.k" udi 6la we;=<; fuh l%shd;aul l< hq;= nj' wjyh jqjfyd;a ;j;a udi 6la.;a;dg m%yakhla ke;' Wmßu jirla we;=<; fï jev ál lrkag n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ' kuq;a ±kg ug ;sfnk tlu l<lsíu jkafka fhdackdj,nd we;;a" ;ju th md¾,sfïka;=jg fyda bèßm;a fkdlsíuh' mlai kdhlhka ish fokd yd ckdêm;sjrhd o tlaù m%:ufhkau fï fhdackdj md¾,sfïka;=jg f.k taug lghq;= lrkq we;ehs wmf.a wjidk n,dfmdfrd;a;=j fõ' ² wfma fhdackdj, ldrkd 4la iïnkaofhka meyeè<sj i ykalr ;sfí' tflka tlla ;uhs m%cd;ka;%sh whs;sjdislï Yla;su;a lsíu" ish u mqrjeishkaf.a whs;sjdislï hk ldrkdj fojekak h' cd;sl m%yakhg ksis úi ula,nd u ;=kajekak h' idodrk jq uyck ksfhdackhla,nd u B <Õ ldrkdj h'

94 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ jhjia:dj w f;ka u iïmdokh l< hq;=hs ck;d úuqla;ss fmruqfka m%pdrl f,alï úð; fyar;a kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj ms<sn ixjdohla we;sfjñka mj;skjd' taa ms<ssn j ckj;d úuqla;s fmruqfka ia:djrh l==ula o@ we;a;g u oeka ;sfnk jhjia:dj wjqreÿ ;sia y;laa ;rï merkshs' th wm rfü jeäu ld,hlaa tlè.g mej;s jhjiaa:dj' iudch blaukska fjkia fjkjd'taa fjkia ùu;aa iuõ oeka fndfyda foaj,a h,a mek f.dia ;sfnkjd' ta ksid kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djl wjyh;dj ;Èka u ;sfnkjd' f,dalfha uq,sl whs;sjdislï ms<ssn w ;a ixl,am w ;aa uq,o¾uhkaa weú;a ;ssfnkjd'78 jhjia:dfõ úfyaifhka undidj iïnkaofhka ;sfnk j.ka;s cd;sl iuõshg ndodjla' tajd jydu fjkia úh hq;=hs' ks;sfhka NdIdfõ iu whs;sh ;yjqre l< hq;=hs' tjeks fjkia úh hq;= lrekq.kkdjla mj;sk jhjia:dfõ ;sfnkjd' ta ksid wmf.a ia:djrh jkafka kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla blaukska ilia úh hq;=hs lshk tlhs' mj;sk 1978 jhia:dfõ ÿ¾j,;d ;sfí o@ ta fudkjd o@ m%odk.eg jla jkafka úodhl ckdêm;s l%uhhs' th fjkia úh hq;=hs'19 jeks ixfydaokfhka tys hï wvqùula jqkdg th uq ukska u wfydais fj,d keye' ta ksid kj jhjia:dfjka úodhl l%uh uq ukska u wfydais úh hq;=hs' hymd,kh ms<sn oeka f,dl= l;d nyla ;sfnkjd' 19 jhjia:dfjka wud;h ukav,fha m%udkh ms<sn hï fjkila isÿjqkdg th fndfyda wvqmdvq iys;jhs isÿ jqfka' ta ksid wm

95 93 mqqrjeishd n, rys; lr, ;sfnkafka' m<d;a ind we;s l<;a tys n,h mjrd ;sfnkafka uy weu;s iy ;j;a ks,odí me,eka;shlghs ú;rhs' tfia fkdfõ" mqrjeishdg we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lrkak k' ks;sfha ;sfnk iudk whs;sh" wd¾ólfha whs;sh" foaymd,kfha ;sfnk whs;sh" ;Skaÿ ;SrKj,g yjq,aùfï whs;sh jeks mqrjeishdf.a n,h ;yjqre fjk n,h fnodyeíula ;uhs wms n,h fnod yeíu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka' olskafka kj jhjia:djlska ksyañ;j úohd;aul mokula u; wm rfü wdud;hjrekaf.a.kk isud l< hq;=hs' th jhjia:dfjka u isud l< hq;=hs' cd;sl m%yakh iïnkaofhka.;a úg"jhjia:dfõ ;sfnkafka isxy, NIdj rdch NIdj fõ fou< o rdch NIdjla fõ hkqfjka' t;ek zoz hkak i yka lsíu nrm;, ldrkdjla' t;ek;a kej; fou< ckhd iq fldg i<ld ;sfnk yeõsula tkjd' tajd fjkia úh hq;=hs' t;ek zoz hkak bj;a lr," isxy, yd fou< rch NdIdfõ hkqfjka,súh hq;=hs' t;ek ;sfnkafka fmdä ldrkdjla jqkdg bka úyd, fohla fj,d ;sfnkjd'uq,sl whs;sjdislï w;ska.;a; u f;dr;=re oek.eksfï whs;sh jeks ldrkd we;=<;a úh hq;=hs' f,dalfha iuyr rgj, wka;¾cd, myiqlï uq,sl whs;shla f,i ms<sf.k ;sfnkjd' tjeks w ;a foaj,a tl;= l< hq;=hs'oeka f,dalh fjkia fj,d ;sfnkafka' tajd ms<sn ta ldf,a ks;s yeÿfk keye' tjeks ldrkd;a uq,sl whs;shg tl;= úh hq;=hs' tfia u ks;s ms<sn.;a úg wm rfü wmrdo iïnkaofhka fyda fjk;a iudc lghq;= iïnkaofhka ;sfnk ks;ssj,g wod< fjkialï isÿ úh hq;=hs' fï wd fjkialï.kkdjla we;s úh hq;=hs' mj;sk jhjia:djg Tífnka f.dia fjku kj jhjiaa:djla f.dvke.sh hq;=hs lshd ys;kj o@ wksjd¾hfhka u wms lshkafka w ;a jhjia:djla yeèh hq;=hs' ;sfnk tlg meé w,j w,jd b, jevla keye' myq. sh wdkavqfõ 2010 ue;sjrk fmdfrdkaÿjla úèhg Ô't,a msßia uy;a;hd lsjd w ;a wdkavql%u jhjia:djla yokjd" tal iïu; lrkak ;=fkka foflla n,h fokak lsh,d' tfyu w ;a tlla Tjqka f.kdfõ keye' miq.sh ckdêm;sjrkfha iy uyue;sjrkfha w ;a jhjia:djla f.akjd lsh, fmdfrdkaÿ jqkd',xldfjè mukla fkdfõ" ðksjd udkj ysñlï ljqkai,hg.sys,a,;a cd;sl m%yakh iïnkaofhka w ;a jhjiia:djla yokj lsh, mjid ;sfnkjd' Tjqkag ck jru ;sfnkafka kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla yeèh hq;=hs lsh,d" ckjrug mhska.ykak Tjqkag whs;shla keye' ta ksid wm lshkafka jhjia:dj w f;ka u iïmdokh l< hq;=hs' tlai;a cd;sl fmruqk Tjqkaf.a m%;sm;a;s m%ldykfha" Wmßu wdldrfhka n,h fn ulg f.dia kj wdkavql%u jhia:dj f.dvk.k nj i yka lr ;sfnkjd' tfia jqjfyd;a Tfí mëfha iyh Bg,efnkj o@ Wmßfuka n,h fnokj lsh, jpkfhka i yka l<dg tys w¾:h l=ula o lsh, meyeè,s lr, keye' wms olskafka n,h fnok tl l< hq;af;a mqoa.,hdghs' ta lshkafka n,h mejfrkak k mqrjeishdg' we;a;g u wm rfü mqrjeishdg n,hla keye' mqqrjeishd n, rys; lr, ;sfnkafka' m<d;a ind we;s l<;a tys n,h mjrd ;sfnkafka uy weu;s iy ;j;a ks,odí me,eka;shlghs ú;rhs' tfia fkdfõ" mqrjeishdg we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lrkak k' ks;sfha ;sfnk iudk whs;sh" wd¾ólfha whs;sh" foaymd,kfha ;sfnk whs;sh" ;Skaÿ ;SrKj,g yjq,aùfï whs;sh jeks mqrjeishdf.a n,h ;yjqre fjk n,h fnodyeíula ;uhs wms n,h fnod yeíu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka' tfia fkdù cd;sl;ajh u; ;j;a lkavdhulg n,h fnokjkï tfia;a ke;akï m<d;a uügñka ys;d ldg fyda m%dfoaysh kdhlfhl=g n,h fokj kï bka mqrjeishd iúu;a jkafka keye' ta ksid n,h fn u lshk ixl,amh ta.ek lshk wh w¾: olajk wdldrhg wms tlõ keye' bka we;a;gu fjkafka iuõshla tl;=jla we;sùu fkdfõ" fn ulg ;,a ù hduhs'th lshk wdldrfha n,h fn ulg.sfhd;a rg cd;sl;aj mokkï u;" wd.ï u; j;a úúo me;sj,g fn hdug fya;= fjkjd' wms mjikafka mqrjeishdg n,h,efnk úèhg mqrjeishdf.a whs;sh ;yjqre fjk úèhg n,h fn ulg hd hq;=hs lshk tlhs' tjekakla we;=<;aj kj jhjia:dj f.dvk.kafka kï th wfma wfmaëdjhs' mqrjeishdg n,h,nd Èh hq;==h

96 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ hkqfjka Tn wfmaëd lrk n,h fnosfï ixl,amh isÿ lrk l%ufõoh 13 jeks jhjia:d ixfydaokh cd;ssl m%yakhg úi ula fj,d keye' wms to;a lsjd" fïl W;a;rhla fjkaafka keye lsh,d' wo th m%dfhda.slj f;aß,d ;shkjd 13 jeks ixfydaokh W;a;rhla fkfuhs lsh,d' ta ksid wkd.;fhè;a m<d;a ind l%uh cd;sl m%yakhg W;a;rhla fkfuhs lsh,hs wms olskafka' mqrjeishdg n,h,efnkjd lshkafka" isxy,o fou<o uqia,sïo lsh, fnaohla ke;ssj n,h fnfok tlhs' f,dalfha oshqkq rgj, mqoa.,fhla rcfha Wiia ks,odßfhl= fjkak mq jka" foaymd,k n, wêldßhl flfkl= fjkak mq jkaa" idudkh mqrjeisfhl= fjkak mq jka' yenehs Tyq fyda weh iudcfha csj;a fjkfldg wd¾ól" iudc" jd;a;sh uügïj, fjkilaa ;snqkg Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a whs;sjdislïj, fjkila keye' ks;sh iudkhs' ks;sfha wdêm;h yefudaagu fmdÿhss' jhjia:dfjka fï ldrkh ;yjqre fjk j.ka;s we;=<;aa fjkj jf.au fï i yd m%dfhda.sl l%shdldí;ajhla ;sfnkjd' oekq;a iuyr foaj,a jhjia:dfõ ;sfnkjd' kuq;a ta foaj,a m%dfhda.slj fjkafka keye' ks;sh ldg;a iudkhs lsh, j.ka;sh ;shkjd' kuq;a m%dfhda. slj ta foa isÿ jkafka keye' WodyrKhla úèhg fmd,sishg idukh ckhdg.ykak neye lsh, ks;shla ;sfnkjd' kuq;a t,aa,,d.ykjd' jhjia:dfõ ks;s fldépr yeÿj;a tajd l%shd;aul úh hq;=hs' fï ks;s W,a,x>kh lsíug ftfrysj lghq;= l< yels foaj,a jhjia:djg tl;= úh hq;=hs' wd.ï fyda cd;sl;ajh u; hï flfkl=g msvkhlg uqyqk fokak isÿ fjkj kï thg tfrysj meñks,s lrkafka fldfyag o@ tjeks wdh;khla wo wfma rfü keye' fjk;a cd;shlg" wd.ulg whs;s ksid mqoa.,fhlag hï msvkhla lrkjd" Tyqg hï w.;skaj,g uqyqk fokak isÿ fjkjd' tu w.;sh,la jqk mqoa.,hdg ta fjkqfjka idodrkhla bgqlr.kak l%ufõohla jhjia:dfõ keye' tjeks foaj,a jhjia:dfõ ;yjqre úh hq;=hs' mqrjeishdg n,h,eìh hq;af;a tjeks l%ufõo Tiafia hs' fudlla fyda jhqyhlaa yo, tafla ks,hla.;af;a.ukaa fuh isÿ fjkafka keye' ta ks,h yïn fjkafka ál fofkl=ghs' wks;aa ldrkh ;uhss jhjia:dfjka ;yjqre fjkak k rfü ;Skaÿ ;SrK.ekSfï jhqyh' md¾,sfïka;=j ;uhs by<ska u ;sfnk uoh.; wdh;kh' Bg miqj ;sfhkafka.u'.fï ;sfnk m%dfoaysh indj" k.rfha ;sfnk k.r indj ;=< m%foaysh jyfhka ;sfnk iene ck;d u;h ksfhdackh úh hq;=hs' oeka tfyu tlla keye' m%dfoaysh indj lshk wdh;kh óg jvd iún,.ekafjkak k' túg ;uhs.fï ck;djf.a we;aa; m%yak t;ek l;d fj,d" ;Skaÿ ;SrK wrf.k l%shd;aul jkafka' foaymd,k n,h lshk tl wms olskafka.ï uügug úuoh.; fjkak k tlla yeáhghs' tjeks tlla jhjia:dj ;=< ;yjqre fjkak k' ta i yd ;uhs wms fhdackd lf<a ck;d ind lsshk tl' ck;d ind lshk tl.%dóh uügfï fyda we;eï úg k.r uügfï l%shd;aul fjk tlla' N++f. da,sh wd¾ól úiu;d wkqj wms ys;kj kï hï m%foayhg ck;d indjla k lssh,d" taal msysgqj,d t;ekg hï n,;,,d ck;d indj ksfhdackh lrk flfklaj md¾,sfïka;=jg hjkak mq jka' cd;sl m%yafkg;a hï md,ula úèhg tal wms olskjd' fuh m%dfoayssh indj, ;sfnk jhqyh ;j;a Yla;su;a lrñka.fï foaymd,k ;Skaÿ ;SrKj,g yjq,a ùfï n,hla.ï uügug,efnkj lshk tl wd.ï fyda cd;sl;ajh u; hï flfkl=g msvkhlg uqyqk fokak isÿ fjkj kï thg tfrysj meñks,s lrkafka fldfyag o@ tjeks wdh;khla wo wfma rfü keye' fjk;a cd;shlg" wd.ulg whs;s ksid mqoa.,fhlag hï msvkhla lrkjd" Tyqg hï w.;skaj,g uqyqk fokak isÿ fjkjd' tu w.;sh,la jqk mqoa.,hdg ta fjkqfjka idodrkhla bgqlr.kak l%ufõohla jhjia:dfõ keye' wms úiajdi lrkjd' b;sydifha jhjia:d ks¾udkhka foi n,k úg th tla;rd msßilf.a wjyh;dj wkqj isÿ jq nj fmakjd' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:dj ks¾udk lsífï l%ufõoh ms<n woyi l=ula o@ jvd;a u idodrk yd m%cd;ka;%jd l%uh ;uhs ish u ck;djf.ka woyia úuik tl' woyia úuikj lsjg idudkh ck;dj woyia fokafka keye" k kï úoaj;=ka jd;a;slhka woyia fhdackd,så;j tjhs'.ï uügug f.dia jhjia:dj.ek oekqj;a lrk l%shdj,shla wjyhhs'

97 95 jvd;a u idodrk yd m%cd;ka;%jd l%uh ;uhs ish u ck;djf.ka woyia úuik tl' woyia úuikj lsjg idudkh ck;dj woyia fokafka keye" k kï úoaj;=ka jd;a;slhka woyia fhdackd,så;j tjhs'.ï uügug f.dia jhjia:dj.ek oekqj;a lrk l%shdj,shla wjyhhs' WodyrKhla f,i lshqndfõ liaf;%da wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yokafka" wjqreoaola ú;r jhjia:dj yok úèh ms<sn ck;dg lrekq meyeè,s lsíula lr,d' WodyrKhla f,i lshqndfõ liaf;%da wdkavql%u jhjia:dj yokafka" wjqreoaola ú;r jhjia:dj yok úèh ms<sn ck;dg lrekq meyeè,s lsíula lr,d' kj jhjia:dj iïmdokh lroaè;a tfyuhs' t;fldg ck;djf.a me;af;ka úúo woyia" fhdackd" wvqmdvq idlépd lrkjd' miqj ck;d fm;aiula úèhgu foaj,a tkjd' tjeks È.=ld,Sk oekqj;a lsífï l%shdj,shla wdkavqj me;af;ka isÿ lr," thg ck;djf.a iynd.s;ajh,nd.; hq;=hs' ta ish foaj,a.kak fkdyels fjhs' kuq;a jhjia:d iïmdol ukav,hg ta foaj,a bèßm;a lsíu Tiafia jhjia:dj ks¾udkh úh hq;=hs' kj jhjia:djg tjeks l%ufõohla wjyhhs' kj jhia:djg mqrjeis iynd.s;ajh,nd.eksug mëhla úèhg ;sfnk jev ms<sfj, l=ula o@ kj jhjia:djla i yd lghq;= lrkak ck;dj w;rg hkj kï th uq,sl jyfhka wdkavqfõ j.lsula' wdkavqj ;uhs ta i yd wjyhlrk myiqlï ie,isu yd oekqj;a lsífï jevigyka issÿ l< hq;af;a' tjeks foalg mëhla úèhg iyh oelaùu yd mqrjeishdj n,.ekaùu mukhs wmg l< yelafla' foaymd,k mëhla úèhg th uq ukska u lrg wrf.k lrkak wmg neye'by;ska ls wdldrfha fmdÿ l%shdj,shla wdkavqj ielish hq;=hs' ta i yd wjyhlrk odhl;ajh ueèy;aùu wmg isÿ l< yelshs' wms ta i yd iqodkï' ;sia jirl hqoaofhka miq ta i yd fya;= jq iene ldrkd iy kej; tjeks ;;a;ajhla we;sùu j<lajd.kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn j mq,a ixjdohla iudcfha we;sfj,d keye'isÿ jkafka tlsfkldg jro mgjd.ksñka isàu mukhs' kj jhjia:dj ks¾udk lsíug fmr ta ms<sn j iene iudc ixjdohla we;súh hq;= fkdfõ o@ fï i yd ðksjd WodyrKhu.kakj kï" th yßhg *qü fnda,hla jf.a fj,d'tl tlaflkd ;ukag k úèhg fi,a,ï lrkjd' weußldj Tjqkag k úèhg fi,a,ï lrkjd" wdkavqj wdkavqjg k úèhg fïl uyd ch.%ykhla lsh, fi,a,ï lrkjd' ;j;a iuyre fuh mdjd ula lsh, Tjqkaf.a foaymd,k Wjukdjg fi,a,ï lrkjd' W;=f¾ cd;sjd lkavdhï ;ukag k úèhg fuh mdúéñ lr.kakjd'we;a;g u fïl furg we;sfjép uyd oejeka; iudc m%yakhla' ta m%yafkka miaafia taflka msvdjg m;a fjép we;a; ck;djla isákjd" bkaa nyqq;rh W;==re kef.kysr fou< ck;dj' isxy, iy uqia,sï ck;dj;a isákjd' we;a;gu tfia hqoaofhka msvdjg m;a ck;djg hqla;sh bgqlr,sfï wjxl jev ms<sfj<la ;ju keye' oeka lrkafka ðksjdj,ska fífrkak W;a;r fydhkjd' wdkavqj lrkafka tal' wdkavqjg wjxl Wjukdjla ;snqk kï lrkak ;snqfka weußldfõ fhdackdj, t,af,k tl fkúhs'wdkavqjg lrkak ;snqfka Bg l,sskaa óg ueèy;a fj,d" fï fjkqfjka mshjr.kakj lsh," i;h fldñiula msysgqj,d,xldj fjkqfjka wjxl fhdackdj,shla bèßm;a lrk tlhs' weußldj odmq fhdackdj, t,af,kak jqfkau ful weõ fír.kak lrk W;aidyhla ksid' ;ju we;a;gu hqoaofhka msvdjg m;a ck;djg hqla;sh bgqlsíu fjkqfjka hï jev ms<sfj,la wdrïn lrkj lsh, fmfkkak keye'taa kssid fjkak k" wehs hqooaohla ks¾udkh jqfka" thg uq,sl fya;= fudkjo" wdèh.ek úuik tlhs' t,a't,a'wd¾'is tl jqk;a ie<l=fõ 2002 fmnrjdß 19ka miafia ú;rhs' we;a; fya;=j Bg l,ska isg we;s jqjla' hqoaoh ks¾udkh fjkak n,mdk,o wd¾ól idol fudkjo" fkdi<ld yeíï fudkjo" wd ldrkd ms<sn fyd úyaf,aikhla lr," bèßhg;a tajd ke;s lrkak ueèy;a fjkak k' m%yakhla jqkd" m%yakhla kslïu fjkafka keye' thg n,mdk,o fya;= ;sfnkjd' ta fya;= bj;;a lsíu i yd fyd mq,a ixjdohla we;slr," ta.ek ú.%hla lr, thg W;a;r fydhkak klu ;sfhkjd' b;sydih mqrdu lr, ;sfhkafka me,eia;r úi ï odmq tl ú;rhs' yeu fudfyd;lèu wm isxy, iy W;=re kef.kysr fou< ck;dj.ek uq,sl jyfhka l;d lrkjd' j;=lrfha fou< ckhd jf.au ;j;a l=vd ck lkavdhï u.yeß,d ;shkjd' Tjqkaf.a

98 fkdjeïn¾-foieïn¾ wfmaëdjka jhjia:djg we;=<;a úh hq;= fkdfõ cd;sl m%yafk iïnkaofhka wms 1986 È mëhla úèhg ú.%yhla l<d' tys wms meyeè,sj u i yka lr, ;shkjd,xldfõ jeäfhka u msvdjg m;afjk ck fldgi j;=lr ckhd lsh,d' W;=re kef.kysr fou< ck;djg uqyqk fokak jqk iene m%yakhla ;shkjd' Bg;a jvd nrm;, m%yakhla ;ud j;= ck;djg ;sfhkafka' W;=f¾ l;d lrkafka NdId m%yafk we;= j whs;sjdislï.ek' j;=lrfha wo;a isákjd,ë.kkla Pkao whs;shj;a ke;s' Wmamekak iy;slhj;a ke;s' Wmamekafk ;ju,shkafk;a bkaèhdkq fou< lsh,d' tfyu,shk tlu jerèhs' t;ek isg u Tjqkag,dxlsl lshk yeõsula tkafka keye' Tjqkaf.a wd¾ól" ksjdi m%yak wdèh b;du nrm;,hs' wfma wd¾ólh iïmq¾kfhka fufyh jkafka" wdodhu f.aakafka j;= ck;dj" ta jf.a u jeäfhka msvdjg m;a fjkafk;a j;= ck;dj'tjqka fjkqfjka y`vla kõkak;a f,dl= msßila keye' j;=lrfha foaymd,k{hska lrkafka ck;djf.a m%yak mdúéñ lr, Tjqka Ôj;a fjktl' tu ckhdf.a iene m%yafk úi kak ueèy;aùula Tjqkag keye' n¾.¾" uef,a jeks ck;djf.a wkkh;djka ixiald;sl fjkialï.ek fjku l;d nyla isÿ jkafka keye' jhia:dfjka iy ks;sj,ska u ta foaj,a ;yjqre úh hq;=hs' ta ckhd.ek l;d lrkjkï" n;a;ruq,a, jeks m%foaylh cd fyda uef,a flfkla uerefkd;a Tjqkag fidfydkla keye' tjeks foaj,a fmakafka keye' tfia fkdfmfkk m%yak rdyshla ;sfnkjd' whs;ska ;yjqre fjoaè ish ck;djf.a whs;ska ms<sn ie<ls,su;a úh hq;=hs' kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djg we;=<;a lsíu i yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqkg ;sfnk fhdackdj,shla ;sfí o@ oekgu;a wmsg hï hï fhdackd ;sfnkjd'wms ;ju ksyañ;j ms<sfj,lg tjeks fhdackdj,shla ilia lr keye' oekg wms fhdackd 20la bèßm;a lr, ;sfhkjd'tajd cd;sl uügñka hï ixjdohlg,la lr, ;sfnkjd' th jhjia:djla tk;=re isáh hq;= foaj,a fkdfjhs' läkñka l%shd;aul l< hq;= foaj,a' jhjia:djla ye u i yd wdkavqj hï wdrïnhla fokjkï wmg mq jka we;=<;a úh hq;= fhdackd ta fjkqfjka bèßm;a lrkak' ixjdoh <ysre ls;,.u welaihsia fmd;lska brd.;a lúhla lsßn;a iqj hs isxy, wjqreoafoa lkaèß fnokjd yðÿka ux.,af,a nqßhdks hi iqj -rdu,dka i myk.;= lshhs mqrjrg- fkdb,a h u;l fmd; fudfyduâf.a wiksfm - isßfiak Wru; h is;a;s Wïuf. fldkafo - f;,a.dk ue.s,ska h fou< l,n, ldf,a - lkldf.a je,ms,a, fmdä fkdakd ;=ref,a u - kdokag iqj kskao fnda.fia is,s is,s h - f.fkk Èú iqú ießh m,a,sfha mslf¾ - w,a,dyq wlan¾ h fldaúf,a ñ iskq - foúhkaf. hdè,a, ìfok b ysg idu - meiafik wreuh o ksu,a u,a ys úoafo - fciañkaf. yoj;g *Ívf.a meÿfr bv - fidafuhg iqj hyk ks¾u,d mek.sfha - Wjhsiag fmï lr h.dñ t<dr,d- tl fmdèfh.=á fl<s h? mdfka j;= ueoafo - t<s ñfok i o myk fnokjd lsß n k - ieug wvqjeä ke;sj ojfi msßm; fidhk fyg Èkl iqn isysk cd;shla l=ulg o@ is,a,rhs Ôú;h'''' wkqrisß fyüáf.a ika;nia;shï ùèh ldjh ix.%yfhka Wmqgd.eksK'

99 97 iajhx md,kh mokï lr.;a jhjia:d fjkila wjyhhs wksjd¾hfhka u kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyhhs' wdkavql%u jhjia:djla i yd ish ñksiqka ksfhdackhla úh hq;=hs' 72 iy 78 jhjia:d i yd fou< ksfhdackhla ;snqfka keye' thg fya;=j jqfka fou< ñksiqkaf.a woyia ms<sfkd. eksuhs' ta ksid 72 fou< foaymd,k ksfhdað;hska md¾,sfïka;=fjka bj;a fjkjd' 78 È;a tfia u fjkjd' ta wkqj,xldfõ ;sfnk lsisÿ jhjia:djlg fou< ck;dj iïnkao fj,d keye' th ;uhs we;a;' isxy, kdhlhska úiska isxy, ñksiaiqkag yomq wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ;ud wo ;sfhkafka' fn!oao wd.ug uq,a ;ek" isxy, rdch NdIdj' fou< NdIdj rdch NdIdj lsh, miqj lssjg tajd kslka u mqjd fkfï' wr., lr,,nd.;a;= foaj,a' iqf¾ia fm%aupkaøka fou< cd;sl ikaodkh kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyh jkafka wehs@ wksjd¾hfhka u kj wdkavql%u jhjia:djla wjyhhs' wdkavql%u jhjia:djla i yd ish ñksiqka ksfhdackh úh hq;=hs' 72 iy 78 jhjia:d i yd fou< ksfhackhla ;snqfka keye' thg fya;=j jqfka fou< ñksiqkaf.a woyia ms<sfkd.eksuhs' ta ksid 72 fou< foaymd,k ksfhdað;hska md¾,sfïka;=fjka bj;a fjkjd' 78 È;a tfia u fjkjd' ta wkqj,xldfõ ;sfnk lsisÿ jhjia:djlg fou< ck;dj iïnkao fj,d keye' th ;uhs we;a;' isxy, kdhlhska úiska isxy, ñksiaiqkag yomq wdkavql%u jhjia:djla ;ud wo ;sfhkafka' fn!oao wd.ug uq,a ;ek" isxy, rdch NdIdj' fou< NdIdj rdch NdIdj lsh, miqj lssjg tajd kslka u mqjd fkfï' wr., lr,,nd.;a;= foaj,a' fueks fndfyda ldrkd mejish yelshs' th mokï lrfg.k n,kfldg,xldfõ nrm;, hqoaohla isoao jqkd' thg tla fya;=jla ;uhs fou< ckhdg iudk whs;sh fkd,eîu' fou< ck;djf.a wd.u" NdIdj " ixiald;sh" wd¾ólh" Ôj;aùfï whs;sh wd ish foaj,a wdkavqj ms<s.;af;a keye' fou<