Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï wdrlaid lsífï hdka;%k ms<sn`o úu¾ykhla

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1 Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï wdrlaid lsífï hdka;%k ms<sn`o úu¾ykhla uoqixl i`okqjka pkaosl l=,r;ak 2 ixfëamh wkdosu;a ld,hl isg Y%S,xldj ldisld¾ñl wd¾ól jhqyhla ;=<ska f.dvkef`.kakdjq rdchhla jk w;r ldisld¾ñl ck iudch ;=< ore iïm; w.h l< w;r th wd¾ól jyfhka jákd iïm;la f,i i<lk,os' fï ;;a;ajh iu`. l%ufhka j¾okh jq <ud ck.ykh iïnkaoj Y%S,xldj ;=< ks;s" wkmk;a iy m%{ma;s wdosh ;=<ska <ud whs;sjdislï iqrës; lsíug iy m%j¾okhg hdka;%khka ia:dms; lrk,os' ta wkqj Y%S,xld rch úiska ia:dms; lr we;s <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï hdka;%kh iy tajdfha l%shdldß;ajfha m%udkd;aulndjh fidhd n,d m%j¾okh úh hq;= wxy y`ÿkd.ksñka ta ms<sn`o m¾fhaikd;aul woyila iudc.; lsíu fuu,smsfha uq,sl wruqkhs',smsh i`oyd wjyh f;dr;=re iïmdokh lr.eksfïos oaú;shsl o;a; Wmfhda.s lr.;a w;r úyaf,aikh isÿ lr;q,enqfõ úia;rd;aul l%ufõoh Wmfhda.S lr.ksñks' fuu,smsfha wjidk ks.ukh jkafka" YS%,xld rch úiska <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug yd m%j¾okh i`oyd ks;s" wkmk;a iy m%{ma;s ia:dms; fldg we;s kuq;a ta ;=<ska <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï os we;sjkakd jq m%dfhda.sl ndodjka ksid fïjd yqfola ks;s" m%{ma;s iy m%;sm;a;sj,g mukla isud ù we;s njhs' uqlh mo( <ud whs;sjdislï" ldisld¾ñl" wd¾ólh" ck iudch ye`oskaùu Y%S,xldj nyq jd¾.sl" nyq NdId iy nyq wd.ñl rdchhla jk w;r ck ixlhdj 20"359"439 ls ^ck yd ksjdi ix.kk jd¾;dj" 2012( 37&' fuu ck ixlhdfjka ishhg 74'9 la isxy, o" ishhg 15'4 la fou< o" ishhg 9'2 la uqia,sï o iy fjk;a ckj¾. ishhg 0'5 la jdih lrk njg tu jd¾;dj ;=<ska ;jÿrg;a fmkajd os ;sfí ^ck yd ksjdi ix.kk jd¾;dj" 2012( 127&' Y%S,xldfõ iuia; ck ixlhdfjka <ud ck.ykh ishhg 33'4ls ^ck yd ksjdi ix.kk jd¾;dj" 2012( 53&' w;s;fha iïm%odhsl Wreuhka ;=<ska ìysjq ldisld¾ñl csjk rgdj uq,a lr.ksñka we;sjq wd¾ól rgdj;a" fi!lhh yd iksmdrëk m%;syla;slrk fëa;%fha j¾okh;a iy ngysr ffjoh úohdfõ wd.ukh iu`. <ud ck.ykh l%ufhka Y%S,xldj ;=< j¾okh ùu isÿ úh' ta iu`. YS%,xld rdch jhqyh ;=< <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï wjyh;djh mokï lr.ksñka <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï hdka;%k ia:dms; ùu isÿ fõ' fï wkqj ks;s" wkmk;a iy m%{ma;s wdosh ;=<ska Y%S,xld rdch jhqyh ;=< <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug úêu;a hdka;%khla f.dvk`.d ;sfnk w;r foaysh yd úfoaysh jyfhka rdch fkdjk ixúodk fuka u" cd;hka;r jyfhka o" <ud whs;sjdislï iqrës; lsíug iy m%j¾okhg bv i,id ;sfí' fufia cd;sl iy cd;hka;r m%ñ;skag wkqj <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug hdka;%k f.dvk`.d ;snqk;a tajd fld;rï ÿrg m%udkj;a o" hk.eg j mj;s' ta wkqj fuu hdka;%kj, ixj¾okh úh hq;= ;;a;ajhka fmkajd os tajdfha l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn`o oekqula,nd osu fuu,smsh ;=<ska wruqkq lrf.k ;sfí' ta wkqj <uhd hkq ljfrla o hkak y`ÿkajdosu;a" <ud whs;sjdislï ms<sn`oj;a iy tu whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug we;s hdka;%k ms<sn`oj;a fuu,smsh ;=<ska jeä ÿrg;a idlépd flf¾' 2 Ydia;%fõoS foaymd,k úohd ^úfyai& f;jk jir 16

2 <uhd hkq ljfrlaoezhs y kd.eksu iudch kue;s foayfha khiaáh <ud mrmqr fõ' f,dalh f.dvkef`.kafka wo l=vd l< isg csj úohd;aul jyfhka j¾okh jkakd jq <uhskaf.ks' ta wkqj <uhd hkq ljfrla o" hkak ms<sn`o meyeos,s jq ks¾jpkhla fkdue;' úúo ks¾jpk ;=< <uhd úúodldrfhka w¾:l:kh lsrsu ksid tu ks¾jpk ;=< jhdl+,ndjhla mj;s' flfia fj;;a jhi ks¾kdhlhla lr.ksñka <uhd hkak ks¾jpkh flf¾ ^talkdhl" 1998( 18&' ta wkqj 1989 fkdjeïn¾ 20 fjksod tlai;a cd;skaf.a uy iïfï,khg bosßm;a lr 1990 iema;eïn¾ 02 fjksod n,d;aul jq tlai;a cd;skaf.a <ud m%{ma;sfha m<uqjk j.ka;sfha <uhd ms<sn`o ks¾jpkh flf¾' jhi wjqreÿ 18 g wvq keu wfhl= <ufhls ^jkakswdréñ" 2003( 22&' tfiau csj úohd;aul w¾:l:kfhka <uhd hkq Wmf;a isg jeäúh meñksu olajd ld,h ;=< miqjk csúhdh ^talkdhl" 1998( 18&' weußldkq ixl%uk ks;shg wkqj wjqreÿ 20 lg wvq keu wfhl= <ufhl= njhs ^is;=ju ixj¾ok wohdmk yd mqyqkq ixúodkh" 2000( 12&' Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï m%{ma;sh ;=< jhi wjqreÿ wvq keu wfhl= <ufhl= njhs tfiau okav ks;s ix.%yh ;=< <uhd hkak ks¾jpkhg 8" 10" 12" 14 iy 16 hk úúo jhia uügï olajd ;sfí' ^is;=ju ixj¾ok wohdmk yd mqyqkq ixúodk jd¾;dj" 2000( 13&' Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï <ufhl=g <ud úfha os bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï <ud whs;sjdislï f,i y`ÿkd.; yelsh' fufia <ud mrmqr fj; whs;sjdislï ysñ ùfï os" ta iu`.u Tjqkag uq uy;a úyajhgu bgq l< hq;= j.lsï o" fõ' tu ksid <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd ùu ;=< os" <uhska o" Bg wkqremsj ;u j.lsï bgq l< hq;= fõ ^lrekd;siai" 2000( 24&' ta wkqj <ud whs;sjdislï iïnkaoj iuia; f,dalhgu mq¾jdo¾yhka,enqfka 1989 fkdjeïn¾ ui 20 fjksod tlai;a cd;skaf.a uyd ukav,h iïu; lsífuka wk;=rej 1990 iema;eïn¾ 02 fjksod isg l%shd;aul l< tlai;a cd;skaf.a <ud whs;sjdislï ms<sn`o m%{ma;sh ;=<sks ^jkakswdréñ" 2003( 24&' fï jk úg fuu m%{ma;shg rgj,a 190 la w;aika ;nd ;sfí' Y%S,xldj fï i`oyd 1991 cq,s 12 w;aika ;enq w;r weußld tlai;a ckmoh yd fidaud,shdj yer wfkl=;a ieu idudcsl rgla u" fuhg w;aika ;nd ;sfí ^iurfldaka" 2007( 32&' fuu m%{ma;shg w;aika lsífuka miq tys idudcsl rgj,a tu ks;s l%shd;aul lsíug úúo jhdmd;s osh;a lrk w;r tu l%shd;aul lrk jev ms<sfj,j,g wod< jhdmd;s jd¾;d csksjd lñgqj fj; bosßm;a l< hq;= fõ' fuu csksjd lñgqj rgj,a 10 lska iukaú; wëëk lñgqjls ^jkakswdréñ" 2003( 24&' flfia kuq;a úyaj jhdma; uügñka ks;s iy m%{ma;s iïmdokh l< o f,dj fndfyda oshqkq yd oshqkq fjñka mj;sk rgj, <ud ysxik" <ud wmfhdack" fufyldr fiajh" <ud.ksld jd;a;sh wdosh l%shd;aulùu j¾;udkfha mj;sk.eg jls' Y%S,xldj tlai;a cd;skaf.a <ud m%{ma;shg w;aika ;eîfuka miq foaysh f,i l%shdfõ fhoùug <ud whs;sjdislï m%{ma;shla iïmdokh lrk,os' fuu m%{ma;sh u.ska <uhskaf.a wdrëdj iy wkd.; wnsjdoaêh uq,sl lr.ksñka l%shd;aulùug m%;sm;a;s ud,djla y`ÿkajd os" ;sfí' ta wkqj 1992 iema;eïn¾ ui 08 fjksod Y%S,xldj <ud whs;sjdislï ms<sn`o m%{ma;sh ks;s.; lrñka l%shd;aul lrk,os ^lrekd;siai" 2000( 35&' tfiau jhjia:dodhlh o" <ud whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka úúo ks;s iy wkmk;a mkjd ;sfí' ta w;r 1995 wxl 22 ork okav ks;s ix.%yh ^ixfydaok& mk; fmkajdosh yelsh' <ud wmpdr i`oyd,nd fok Wmßu yd wju o`vqjï fï ;=< ú.%y lr we;' tfiau 1998 wxl 27 ork wêlrk ixúodk ^ixfydaok& mk; ;=<ska ia;%s IKh fyj;a jhi wjqreÿ 16 g wvq.eyekq <ufhl= IKh lsífï kvq yd iïnkao uq,sl idës únd.fha wjyh;dj wju lr ;sfí ^udkj ysñlï iy ixj¾okh ms<sn`o ks;sfõos ixúodkh" 2000( 10&' tfiau 1998 wxl 28 ork wmrdo kvq úêúodk ix.%yh ^ixfydaok& mk; wkqj <ud wmpdr kvq iïnkaoj jeä n,;, m%udkhla fmd,sishg mejfrk w;r kvq ld, isudj ;=< wmpdrhg m;a jq <uqka wdrës;j r`ojd ;nd 17

3 .eksug wjyh jd;djrkh fuysos imhd osfï wjyh;djh fmkajd os ;sfí ^udkj ysñlï iy ixj¾okh ms<sn`o ks;sfõos ixúodkh" 2000( 11&' tfukau 1998 wxl 29 ork okav ks;s ix.%yh ^ixfydaok& mk; u.ska udohhfõoskag,efnk <uqka iïnkaoj winh jd¾;d iïnkaoj f;dr;=re fmd,sishg oekqï osu w;hjyh fõ' fuysos fuhg wod< isÿjk jrolos jrfoa m%udkhg wod, ks;suh mshjr.kq,efí' 2005 wxl 30 ork ffjyh jd;a;sh i`oyd ldka;djka iy <uhska cdjdrï lsíu je<elaùu iy Bg tfrysj lghq;= lsíu ms<sn`o mk; u.ska <uhska.ksld jd;a;sfha fhoùug wod<j.; yels ks;suh mshjr wjodrkh fldg ;sfí' fuh 2002 ckjdß ui ol=kq wdishd;sl l,dmsh iyfhda.s;d ixúodkh yryd fkamd,fha l;aukavq kqjr we;s lr.;a.súiqfï m%;sm,hla f,i bosßhg meñks fohls ^iurfldaka" 2007( 27&' 1998 wxl 50 ork cd;sl <udrëk wêldí mk; o" YS%,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï iïnkaoj jeo.;a jq ;j;a mshjrla jyfhka y`ÿkd.; yel' fuu mk; u.ska cd;sl <udrëk wêldßh ia:dms; lrk,os' <ud wmfhdack ms<sn`o úu¾ykh lsíu yd ks;s ixfydaokh" Wmfoia iemhsu" m¾fhaik isÿ lsíu" ks;s iyh,nd osu" cd;sl yd m%dfoaysh uügfuka oekqj;a lsíu iy 1929 <ud wmfhdack ms<sn`o ËKsl ÿrl:k fiajdj mj;ajd f.k hdu wdos ld¾hhka ta w;r fõ' ^cd;sl <udrëk wêldß jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2013( 48&' tfiau mßjdi yd <ud rël fiajd fomd¾;=fïka;=j o" YS%,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíu i`oyd f.k ;j;a tla mshjrls' fuu.ska Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï m%{ma;sh l%shdfõ fhdojñka Bg wod<j jevigyka l%shd;aul lsíu isÿ fõ' ta wkqj mdie,a fkdhk <uqka mdi,a.; lsíu" úúo lemlre YsIH;aj iy wdodr jevigyka l%shd;aul lsíu" Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï m%{ma;sh m%dfoaysh lñgq yryd l%shd;aul lsíug lghq;= lsíu" mßjdi Ndrhg m;a jq <uhska kej; iudc.; lsíug wjyh jev ms<sfj, ielisu" m¾fhaik iy ióëk isÿ lsíu" mqyqkq jevigyka osh;a lsíu" <ud ñ;=re.ïudk iy <ud ksjdi i`oyd wod< fiajd,nd osu wdos ld¾hnd¾h bgq lrhs ^mßjdi yd <ud rël fiajd fomd¾;=fïka;=j ld¾hh idok jd¾;dj" 2014( 56&' tfukau <ud f,alï ld¾hd,h o" uq,a <ud úh ixj¾okhg wod< lghq;= /ila bgq lrhs' ta w;r fmr mdi,a i`oyd wjyh myiqlï,nd osu" fmr mdie,a orejkag kejqï lsß ùÿrejla,nd osfï jevigyk l%shd;aul lsíu" uq,a <ud úh /ljrk uohia:dk iy uq,a <ud úh ixj¾ok wdo¾y.ïudk i`oyd wjyh jev ms<sfj,j,a hkdosh l%shd;aul lrhs ^ldka;d iy <ud lghq;= wud;hxy jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2015( 54&' tfiau fmd,sia ldka;d iy <ud l¾hxyh o" <ud whs;sjdislï lvùï iïnkaoj l%shd;aul jk w;r th osjhsfka mj;sk m%dfoaysh fmd,sia ia:dkj, tu ld¾hxyh m%dfoaysh jyfhka <ud whs;sjdislï lv ùu iïnkaoj l%shd;aul ùug msysgqjd ;sfí ^ldka;d iy <ud lghq;= wud;hxy fmd,sia <ud yd ldka;d ld¾hxy k`.d isgq ùfï jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2014( 03&' óg wu;rj fmd,sia ldka;d iy <ud ld¾hxyh iy cd;sl <udrëk wêldßh yryd úúo wdh;k yd mqoa.,hkaf.ka kdñlj iy ks¾kdñlj,efnk <ud fiajl meñks,s únd. lr ne,su iy tu fiajdfhdaclhkag úreoaoj ks;suh lghq;= isÿ lsíu wdosh ;=<ska Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug mshjr.kq,efí ^lïlre fomd¾;=fïka;=j( ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= wxyh jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2012( 58&' ta wkqj Y%S,xldj ;=< fujeks ks;s yd hdka;%k <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíu fjkqfjka ia:dms; jqfha l%ñlj <ud ck.ykfha we;s jq j¾okhg idfmaëj Tjqkaf.a meje;au iy /ljrkh iïnkao whs;sjdislï ks¾udkh ùu iu`.h' jhia ldkav wkqj 1946 isg 2012 j¾ih olajd jhia ldkav wkqj <ud ck.ykfha iajndjh my; j.= igyk 01 mßos fõ' 18

4 j.= wxl 01( 1946 isg 2012 j¾ih olajd jhia ldkav wkqj <ud ck.ykfha j¾okh jhia ldkav '9] 14'9] 15'2] 13'1] 12'5] 8'5] 8'6] '2] 13'4] 13'7] 13'2] 11'3] 8'8] 8'6] '1] 11'4] 12'6] 12'7] 11'4] 9'0] 8'1] '2] 8'7] 9'7] 10'7] 10'8] 9'7] 8'1] uq,dy%h( ck yd yd ksjdi ix.kk jd¾;dj" 2012 fuf,i j¾okh jk <ud mrmqf¾ wjyh;d" meje;au yd /ljrkh ;yjqre lsíu fjkqfjka ks¾udkh jk <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï hdka;%k i`oyd mq,a ld¾hnd¾hla fï wkqj Tjqkaf.a úih m:hkag mejf¾' Y%S,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï hdka;%khkays l%shdldí;ajh Y%S,xldj ;=< <ud whs;sjdislï m%{ma;sh iïu; fldg l%shd;aul lsífuka miq ta;a iu`.u <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëkh i`oyd l%shdud¾. /ila.kq,enq w;r tajd iudcfha by< isg my<g úysos hk wdldrfhka m%dfhda.slj l%shdfõ fhoùug mshjr.kq,eîh ^talkdhl" 1998( 29&' fï wkqj Y%S,xldj tlai;a cd;skaf.a <ud m%{ma;sh l%shdjg kexùu isÿ lrhs' th lñgq 6 la yryd isÿ lrkq,efí' tkï cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj" m<d;a fufyhqï lñgqj" osia;s%lal fufyhqï lñgqj" m%dfoaysh fufyhqï lñgqj iy.%dóh fufyhqï lñgqj jyfhka tu lñgq fõ ^is;=ju ixj¾ok wohdmk yd mqyqkq ixúodkh" 2000( 33&' fuu lñgq <ud whs;sjdislï m%{ma;sh cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla f,i l%shdfõ fhdojk w;r 1991 isg 1995 w;r ld,h ;=< ta i`oyd mia wjqreÿ ie,iqï m%;sm;a;shla l%shdjg kxjd ;sfí' cd;sl fufyhqï lñgq wëëkh u; fiiq lñgq mj; ' osia;%slal fufyhqï lñgqj rdchh wxyfha fi!lhh" wohdmk iy fmd,sia wdos wdh;kj, by< ks,odíkaf.ka iukaú; jk w;r <ud whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka fmks isák rdchh fkdjk ixúodk o" fuu lñgqj ksfhdackh lrhs' <uhska iïnkao cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh osia;%slal uügñka l%shdfõ fhoùu fuys m%odk l¾;jhh fõ ^talkdhl" 1998( 37&' tfiau m%dfoaysh fufyhqï lñgqj <ud iqnidokh yd wdrëkh iïnkaoj lghq;=.%dóh uügu olajd f.k hñka.%dóh m%cdj n,d;aul lrñka jvd;a fhda.hh iqnidok lghq;= isÿ lsíu yryd m%dfoayshj <ud whs;sjdislï m%j¾okhg l%shd lrkq,efí' ta wkqj m%dfoayshj <ud whs;sjdislï ms<sn`o oekqj;a lsíu" m%{ma;sfha i`oyka ldrkd ixfydaok wjyhkï osia;%slal fufyhqï lñgqjg jd¾;d lsíu" <ud iqnidokh iy <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug wjyh fhdackd osia;%slal lñgqjg f.k hdu isÿ lrhs ^is;=ju ixj¾ok wohdmk yd mqyqkq ixúodkh" 2000( 30&' tfiau mßjdi yd <ud rël fiajd fomd¾;=fïka;=j o" úúodldrfhka <uhska iïnkaoj l%shdldíj <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug ueosy;a fõ' fï wkqj 2014 j¾ih jk úg <ud whs;sjdislï iïnkaoj l%shdldí ld¾nd¾hhla bgq lr we;s w;r Bg wod<j l%shd;aul ù ;sfí' th my; j.= igyk mßos fõ' 19

5 j.= wxl 02( 2014 j¾ih ;=< mßjdi yd <ud wdrëk fomd¾;=fïka;=jg,enqkq meñks, iy Bg wod<j.;a l%shdud¾. meñks,af,a iajndjh,o meñks,s IxLHdj úiªï$ ks;suh iyk,nd ÿka meñks,s fjk;a wdh;k fj; fhduq lsíï mdie,a fkdheùu ,sx.sl wmfhdackh ldhsl wmfhdackh nd, jhia újdy fkdi<ld yeíï tl;=j uq,dy%h# mßjdi yd <udrël fiajd fomd¾fïka;= ld¾h idok jd¾;dj" 2014 tfukau fuu wdh;kh ;=<ska <ud iynd.s;ajh j¾okh lsíu i`oyd cd;sl <ud indj" osia;%slal <ud indj" m%dfoaysh <ud indj iy <ud iudc jyfhka by< isg my<g hdka;%khla ilia lr ;sfí' tfiau orejka yodjvd.eksug osu" mßjdi lghq;= fuuõska osh;a lrkq,efí ^mßjdi yd <ud wdrëk fomd¾fïka;= ld¾h idok jd¾;dj" 2014( 22&' ta wkqj cd;sl uügfï isg ìï uügfï <ud iudc olajd f.dvk`.d we;s <ud iynd.s;aj hdka;%kfha jhqyh my; rem igyk 01 mßos fõ' rem igyk 01( mßjdi yd <ud rël fiajd fomd¾;=fïka;=j úiska cd;sl uügfï isg <ud iudc olajd f.dvk`.d we;s <ud iynd.s;aj hdka;%kfha jhqyh uq,dy%h( <ud yd ldka;d lghq;= wud;hxy jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2015 <ud wmfhdack iïnkaofhka jk whs;sjdislï lvùï ms<sn`o fidhd n,k m%odk hdka;%kh jkafka cd;sl <ud rëk wêldßh fõ' thg meñks,s,efnk wdldr lsysmhls' tkï 1929 <ud ÿrl:k fiajdj yryd o" jdñlj iy,sms u`.ska o" meñks,s jd¾;d fõ' ta wkqj 2013 j¾ifha os" <ud wmfhdack ms<sn`o meñks,s jd¾;d ù we;s w;r jeäu meñks,s ixlhdjla jd¾;d ù we;af;a <ud ysxikh iïnkaojhs' tkï" meñks,s 2030 ls' wksjd¾h wohdmkh fkdosu ms<sn`o meñks,s 1263 la o" ia;%s IKhg wod< meñks,s 691 la o" fkdi,ld yeíï ms<sn`o meñks,s 1101 la o",sx.sl wmfhdackhg wod< meñks,s 681 la o" iy 20

6 ,sx.sl ysßyer lsíï ms<sn`o meñks,s 400 la o",eî ;sfí' läkñka fï meñks,s i`oyd l%shd;aul fjñka yß wvlg jvd jeä ixlhdjla i`oyd wod< mshjr f.k ;sfí ^cd;sl <udrëk wêldí jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2013&' <ud fufyldr fiajhg wod< meñks,s Bg wod< ks;s iy l%shdud¾..kq,nkafka lïlre fomd¾;=fïka;=fõ ldka;d iy <ud lghq;= wxyh u.sks' ta wkqj 2014 jir ;=< lïlre fomd¾;=fïka;=fõ ldka;d iy <ud lghq;= wxyhg,enqkq meñks,s yd.;a l%shdud¾. my; mßos fõ' j.= igyk 03( 2014 j¾ifha <ud fufyldr fiajh ms<sn`o meñks,s iy mßëk fomd¾;=fïka;=jg,enqkq meñks,s 232 ks;suh mshjr f.k wjika lr we;s ixlhdj 01 ks;suh mshjr.eksug lghq;= lrñka isák ixlhdj 04 <ud fiajhla wkdjrkh fkdjq ixlhdj 108 úu¾ykh fjñka mj;sk ixlhdj 119 uq,dy%h# lïlre fomd¾;=fïka;= ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= wxyh jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2014 tfukau cd;sl <ud wdrëk wêldßh <uhska fjkqfjka <ud iqnidok lghq;= i`oyd mq,a jev ms<sfj,la osh;a lrkq,efí' ta wkqj <uhskaf.a wdrëdj iy hym; uq,a lr.ksñka úúo uohia:dk mj;ajd f.k hkq,efí' ta w;ßka iq/ls mshi <ud iq/l=ï uohia:dkhg m%odk ;ekla ysñ fõ' úkaos; <uhskaf.a Wmßu hym; fjkqfjka l%shd lsíu ioyd 1998 wxl 50 ork cd;sl <ud wdrëk wêldß mkf;a 14 ^b& iy ^ta& j.ka;s m%ldrj lghq;= lrñka Tjqkf.a /ljrkh fjkqfjka fjku ia:dkhla cd;sl <ud wdrëk wêldßh úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq,efí' fuysos úkaos; orejka iqrës;j ;nd.ksñka" Tjqkaf.a whs;ska Wmßufhka wdrëd lr foñka" Tjqkag ufkdaiudcsh iyh,nd foñka iy Tjqkaf.a udkisl uügï hym;a lrñka ukd fm!reihlska fyì orejka iudc.; lsífï moku ilia lrkq,nhs' ta wkqj fuu iq/ls mshi <ud uohia:dkh hgf;a 2012 j¾ifha os <uqka 88 fofkl=g o iy 2013 j¾ifha os <uhska 95 fofkl=g /ljrkh imhd we; ^cd;sl <ud wdrëk wêldß ld¾h idok jd¾;dj" 2013( 56&' tfiau mßjdi yd <udrël fiajd fomd¾;=fïka;=j o <ud iqnidokh wdy%s;j lghq;= /ila isÿ lrkq,efí' ta w;ßka mdi,a fkdhk <uqka mdi,a heùu uq,a lr.ksñka m%odk jhdmd;s lsysmhla isÿ lrkq,efí' ta wkqj mdi,a fkdhk jhfia miq jqjka wd¾ól ÿialr;d u; wohdmkh kj;d oud we;s fyda úúo fya;+ka u; läka lv mdi,a hk orejka m%dfoaysh f,alï fldügy uügñka y`ÿkdf.k ta i`oyd n,mdk fya;= fidhd Tjqka mdi,a.; lsíu;a iy W.;a mdvï yd m%;sikaodk fldñifï ks¾foay wkqj j;= wdy%s; <uhskaf.a wohdmkh k`.d isgq ùu i`oyd mdi,a WmlrK wdosh,nd osu fï yryd isÿ lrkq,efí ^mßjdi yd <udrëk fiajd fomd¾;=fïka;= ld¾h idok jd¾;dj" 2014( 50&' fijk irk lemlre udmsh l%uh" lemlre fo.=re jevigyk iy kek osßh wohdmk YsIH;aj l%uh hkdosh yryd orejkaf.a wohdmk lghq;= j¾okh i`oyd uq,huh Wmldr m%dfoaysh f,alï fldügdy uügñka isÿ lrkq,efí' f;dard.;a orejka msßila fj; udislj remsh,a 500 la fyda remsh,a 750l uqo,la m%dfoaysh f,alï fldügdy uügñka isák mßjdi ks,odíkaf.a ud¾.fhka f.jkq,efí ^mßjdi yd <udrël fiajd fomd¾;=fïka;= ld¾h idok jd¾;dj" 2014( 53&' <ud f,alï ld¾hd,h yryd o uq,a <ud úh iqnidok lghq;= l%shdjg kxjkq,efí' ta wkqj uq,a <ud úh ixj¾ok uohia:dk yd osjd iq/l=ï uohia:dk ixj¾okh lrñka Bg wod< m%ñ;ska ;SrKh lr tu uohia:dk wëëkh lsrsu <ud f,alï ld¾hd,h yryd isÿ lrhs' tfiau osjhsfka mj;sk m%dfoaysh f,alï fldügdij, f;dard.kakd,o.ïudkhla uq,a <ud 21

7 úh wdo¾y.ïudkhla njg m;a lrñka tys mj;sk fmr mdie,a wdo¾y fmr mdi,a jyfhka ixj¾okh lrñka wod, m%foayfha fmd,sia ia:dkh <ud ñ;=re ia:dkhla jyfhka j¾okh lr jevigyka l%shd;aul lsíu fï yryd isÿ lrkq,efí' óg wu;rj fmdaik uxfm; kñka uq,a <ud úfha orejkaf.a fmdaik wjyh;d j¾okh lsíu ioyd osh;a lrkq,efí ^<ud yd ldka;d lghq;= wud;hxy jd¾isl jd¾;dj" 2015( 67&' fuu hdka;%k Tiafia <ud whs;sjdislï fjkqfjka m%odk ld¾hnd¾hla bgq lrkq,enqj o" 1977 j¾ifha os" y`ÿkajd ÿka újd; wd¾ól m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a Y%S,xldj iuia; f,dlhg u" újr ùu iu. ixpdrl jhdmdrh iy ;r`.ldí csjk rgdj ;=< <ud,sx.sl wmfhdack" <ud.ksld jd;a;sh" úfoayslhskag <uhska úlsksu wdosh j¾okh úh' úfyaifhka ó.uqj uqyqÿ ;Srfha îé fndahsiã iy îé.¾,aiã kñka <ud.ksld jd;a;sh j¾okh ù ;sfí ^iurfldaka" 2007( 42&' u;a øjh fnod yeíug fhdod.eksu" IKh lr urd oeóu iy isú,a hqoao iy wdmod ksid wld,fha ñh hdu yd wkd: ùu wdosh fïjk úg;a YS%,dxlSh iudc rgdj ;=< <uhskag tfrysj j¾okh ù ;sfí' fï ksid rdchh ks;suh hdka;%k ;sìhos;a wj;eka fjñka foudmsh /ljrkh wysñ wirk yd ysxikhg f.dÿre jq <uhska fjkqfjka wkd: l`ojqre" <ud ksjdi iy <ud.ïudk úyd, jyfhka j¾okh fjñka mj;s ^l=f¾" 2005( 33&' ks.ukh YS%,xld rch úiska <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsíug yd m%j¾okh i`oyd ks;s" wkmk;a iy m%{ma;s ia:dms; fldg ;sfí' kuq;a fïjd ;=<ska <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï os we;sjkakd jq m%dfhda.sl ndodjka ksid fïjd yqfola ks;s" m%{ma;s iy m%;sm;a;sj,g mukla isud ù ;sfí' tfiau cd;sl iy my< uügfï lñgq wdosh i`oyd <ud iynd.s;ajh ksyañ; f,i fhdod fkd.eksu iy tu lñgqj, ÿ¾j,;d <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï l%shdj,sh ukao.dó fldg we;' tfukau rdchh iy rdchh fkdjk ixúodkj, iyh wjyh ;rug fhdod fkd.eksu;a cd;sl iy m%dfoaysh uügfuka <ud whs;sjdislï ms<sn`o oekqj;a lsíï isÿ fkdlsíu yryd <ud whs;sjdislïj, m%udkd;aul m%j¾okhla o" isÿ fkdfõ' fï ksid <ud whs;sjdislï f.dvke`.sug hdka;%khka yd ffk;sl rduqjla f.dvk`.d ;snqk o" ta ms<sn`o ck;djf.a oekqj;andjh wju ù ;sfí' tfukau.%dóh uügfuka isÿjk <ud whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Khùï iy.dy tall ;=< isÿjk <ud whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Kùï wod< wdh;kj,g jd¾;d ùula isÿ fkdjk w;r jd¾;d jk isÿùï i`oyd o" wod< wxy l%shd;aulùu ÿ¾j, uügul mj;s' fï ksid <ud whs;sjdislï wdrëd lsífï iuyr wdh;k ms<sn`o ck;djf.a úyajdiksh;ajh m ÿ ù hdu isÿ ù ;sfí' flfia kuq;a fmdÿfõ.;a úg YS%,xldfõ <ud whs;sjdislï ms<sn`o j.lsj hq;= wxy iy hdka;%kj, wjodkh wvq ù hdu fï jk úg olakg,efnk fmdÿ.eg jls' wdy%s;.%ka: kdudj,sh chiqkaor,,d,a." (2009). <ud whs;sjdislï yd ffk;sl m%;smdok, l;d m%ldyk. udkj ysñlï ixj¾okh ms<sn`o ks;sfõos ixúodkh'" ^2000&' <ud wmfhdackh iy ks;sh" fld<u# udkj ysñlï ixj¾okh ms<sn`o ks;sfõos ixúodkh" <ud wxyh' jkakswdréñ" fca'is'" ^2003&' uõmsh ore j.lsï iy <ud whs;sjdislï" tia f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda' iurfldaka" is'" ^2007&' <ud whs;sjdislï ir,j' uyr.u# ;rxcs m%skag¾ia' is;=ju ixj¾ok wohdmk yd mqyqkq ixúodkh'" ^2000&' <ud whs;sjdislï W,a,x>Khùï" fld<u # is;=ju ixj¾ok wohdmk yd mqyqkq ixúodkfha m%ldyk' 22

8 Grime, J. M., (2000). Children in between: Child rights and child placement in Sri Lanka. University of Warwick Jayathilake, R., & Amarasuriya, H. (2005). Home truths: Children's rights in institutional care in Sri Lanka: Full report, Colombo# Save the Children in Sri Lanka. M, D. L., (1981). Princes in all the earth: A study of children in society and their rights in Sri Lanka, Kandy# De Lanerolle. 23