YS%,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd ckrcfha md¾,sfïka;=j

Transcription

1 1 YS%,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd ckrcfha md¾,sfïka;=j 1980 wxl 46 ork fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk; [iy;slh igyka lf,a 1980 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 29 jk Èk h'] wdkavqfõ kshuh mßè uqøkh lrk, ' 1980 Tlaf;danrA ui 31 jeks Èk Y%S,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd ckrcfha.eiü m;%fha 11 jeks fldgfia w;sfralhla jyfhka m< lrk,

2 wxl 46 ork fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk; [iy;slh igyka lf,a 1980 Tlaf;daïn¾ ui 29 jk Èk] t,a' ã' ' 49$78 fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo, hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq,nk wruqo,la msysgqùu i`oyd úêúodk ie,eiaùu msksi o Bg iusnkao fyda wdkqix.sl lrekq i`oyd úêúodk ie,eiaùu msksi o jq mk;ls' Y%S,xld m%cd;ka;%sl iudcjd ckrcfha md¾,sfïka;=j úiska fufia mkjkq,efí (- 1' fï mk; 1980 wxl 46 ork fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk; hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq,efí' 2' wud;hdjrhd úiska idok,ÿj.eiü m;%fhys m< lrkq,nk kshuhl i`oyka jq o rdch wxyfha fyda fm!oa.,sl wxyfha fyda hï mx;shl ke;fyd;a j¾.hl jhjidhhkag whs;s jq o rdch wxyfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxyfha ieu jhjidhlg u fï mkf;a úêúodk wod< úh hq;= h' yq`vq kduh fï mk; wod< ùu' I jk fldgi fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a ukav,h msysgqùu 3' ^fuys ñka u;= wruqo, hkqfjka i`oyka lrkq,nk& fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo, hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq,nk wruqo,la msysgqjkq,eìh hq;=h' fiajdkshqla;hka f.a Ndr wruqo, msysgqùu' 4' ^1&.eiÜ m;%fhys m< lrkq,nk ksfõokhla u.ska wud;hjrhd úiska kshu lrkq,nk hï Èkhl isg l%shd;aul jk mßè" ^fuys ñka u;= ukav,h hkqfjka i`oyka lrkq,nk& fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a ukav,h hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq,nk ukav,hla msysgjkq,eìh hq;= h' fiajdkshqla;hka f.a Ndr wruqo,a ukav,h msysgqùu'

3 3 ^2& ukav,h wúñýkak meje;aula yd fmdÿ uqødjla we;s ixia:djla úh hq;= w;r ukav,h úiska iajlsh kdufhka kvq mejíu o tls kdufhka ukav,hg úreoaoj kvq mjrkq,eîu o lrkq,eìh yels h' ^3& wruqof,a mrsmd,kh" l<ukdlrkh yd md,kh ukav,h fj; mejfrkafkah' 5' ^1& wud;hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq,nk my; oelafjk idudðlhka kj fokdf.ka ukav,h iukaú; úh hq;= h (- mk;ska ixfydaokh lr ukav,fha idudðlfhda ^w& ^wd& wud;hjrhd úiska kï lrkq,nk idudðlhka y;rfokl= uqo,a úihh Ndr wud;hjrhd úiska kï lrkq,nk tla idudðlhl= ^we& fj<`o úihh Ndr wud;hjrhd úiska kï lrkq,nk tla idudðlhl= ^we&,xld fiajdfhdaclhkaf.a ix.uh úiska kï lrkq,nk tla idudðlhl= iy ^b& idudcslhka tla,laihlg jeä ixlhdjla we;s ieu jd;a;sh iñ;shlu úodhlh úuid wud;hjrhd úiska kï lrkq,nk idudcslhka fofofkl= mk;ska ixfydaokh lr fï fpaofha ldrah i`oyd úodhlh hkak jd;a;sh iñ;shla yd iïnkaoj fhfok úg thg jd;a;sh iñ;s wd{dmkf;a os we;s w¾:h u we;af;a h' tfia jqjo" m%:u ukav,h iïnkaofhka fuu Wmj.ka;sfhys ^b& fþofhys i`oyka idudcslhka tla tla jd;a;sh iñ;sfhys idudðl;ajh 1"00"000 lg jeä jd;a;sh iñ;sj, idudðlhka w;=rska wud;hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq,eìh hq;= w;r" l,ska bj;a lrkq,enqjfyd;a ñi" Tjqka m;a lrk,o ld, isudj bl=;a jk f;la iajlsh OQr orkafka h' ^2& ukav,fha m%odk úodhl ks,orhd jk ukav,fha indm;sjrhd" wud;hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq,nkafka h' mk;ska ixfydaokh lr

4 4 ^3& ukav,fha hï idudðlhl= OQrfhka bj;a lsíu wud;hjrhd iqÿiq hhs l,amkd lr;fyd;a wud;hjrhd úiska lsisu fya;=jla fkdolajd tfia lrkq,eìh yels h' ^4& OQrfhka bj;a lrkq,en we;s ukav,fha idudðlhl= ukav,fha idudðlhl= jyfhka kej; m;a lrkq,eîu i`oyd fyda fjk;a hï ;;a;ajhlska ukav,hg fiajh lsíu i`oyd fyda iqÿiq fkdúh hq;= h' ^5& wud;hjrhd fj; lrkq,nk,så; oekqï ula u.ska ukav,fha idudðlhl=g ljr fyda úgl iajlsh OQrfhka b,a,d wiaúh yels h' ^6& frda.d;=rùu fyda Y%S,xldfjka neyerj isàu fyda fjk;a hï fya;=jla ksid ;u OQrfhys ld¾h bgq lsíug indm;sjrhd fyda ukav,fha hï idudðlhl= ;djld,slj wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a Tyq fjkqfjka l%shd lsíu msksi fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= wud;hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq,eìh yels h' ^7& ñh hdfuka" b,a,d wiaùfuka fyda bj;a lrkq,eîfuka OQrh l,ska ysia lr;fyd;a ñi ukav,fha ieu idudðlhl== u wjqreÿ foll ld,hla ;u OQrh orkafka h' ld,h bl=;aùfuka OQrh ysia lrk ukav,fhys hï idudðlhl= kej; m;a lrkq,eîu i`oyd iqÿiq jkafka h' ^8& ;u OQr ld,h bl=;a ùug fmr ukav,fha hï idudcslhl= úiska ;u OQrh ysia lrkq,enqjfyd;a" Tyqf.a wkqm%dma;slhd úiska ;u OQrh l,ska ysia lrkq,nkafka kï ñi" Tyq wkqm%dma; lrkq,nkafka hï ;eke;;al= o ta ;eke;a;df.a OQr ld,fhka bl=;a fkdjq fldgi i`oyd ta wkqm%dma;slhd úiska OQrh oeßh hq;= h' ^9& ukav,fha idudðlhka w;r hï mqrmamdvqjla mej;su fyda tys idudðlhl= m;a lsífï,d hï wl%ñl;djla mej;su fyda mukla fya;=fldgf.k ukav,fha lsisu l%shdjla fyda lghq;a;la wj,x.= fkdúh hq;= h' ^10& iajlsh lghq;= mj;ajd f.k hdu i`oyd ukav,h úiska Í;s u.ska úêúodk i,iajkq,eìh yels h'

5 5 6' uqo,a úihh Ndr wud;hjrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj wud;hjrhd úiska ksyaph lrkq,nk wdldrfhka iy tfia ksyaph lrkq,nk wkqm%udk wkqj ukav,fha idudðlhkag mdßy%ñl f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' 7' ^w& uq,h iïmdokhg yd wdfhdackhg iynd.s ùfuka fiajl whs;sh" fiajl iqnidokh" wdraól m%cd;dka;%slh m%j¾okh lsíu ukav,fha idudðlhkaf.a mdßy%ñl' ukav,fha wruqkq ^wd& jhjidhkays idudkh fldgia w;alr.eksfuka l<ukdlrkfhys fiajl iynd.s;ajh m%j¾okh lsíu ^we& fiajd kshqla;hkag úy%du.eksfï odhl fkdjk m%;s,dnhla,nd.eksu i`oyd úêúodk ie,eiaùu iy ^we& fï j.ka;sfha ^w&" ^wd& iy ^we& fþoj, i`oyka wruqkq idlaid;a lr.eksu i`oyd wjyh úh yels fyda WmldÍ úh yels wka ish l%shd fyda foaj,a lsíu" ukav,fha wruqkq jkafka h' 8' ^w& fï mk; hgf;a odhl uqo,a" wêndr"kh" m%odk" fmd,s",dndxy" idudcslhka úiska fyda Tjqka fjkqfjka fiajdfhdaaclhka úiska f.jk ;ekam;a uqo,a" nexl= j,ska fyda fjk;a m%njhkaf.ka.kakd Kh iy wdfhdackj,ska yd ksyap, fyda pxp, foam< úlsksfuka,nd.kakd ish,q uqo,a fyda fjk;a ljr jq fyda wdldrhl f.ùï ukav,h úiska Ndr.; hq;= w;r" ukav,h úiska ta ish,q uqo,a wruqo,g ner l< hq;= h' ukav,fha n,;, iy ld¾h' mk;ska ixfydaokh lr ^ww& ukav,h úiska hï pxp, fyda ksyap, foam<la ljr jq fyda wdldrhlska w;a lr.eksu" oersu" noaog fyda l=,shg.eksu fyda osu" Wlia lsrsu" Tvmkh lsrsu úlsksu fyda wkhdldrhlska neyer lsrsu l< yels h ^wd& wruqof,a uqo,aj, Ndrldr;ajh ukav,hg ;sìh hq;= h ^we& ukav,h úiska iy;sl lrkq,enq ;eke;a;kag fï mk; hgf;a ta ;eke;a;ka ysñlï,nk m%;s,dn ukav,h úiska f.úh hq;= h

6 6 ^we& wruqof,a uqo,a w;=ßka fï mkf;a ld¾hh i`oyd jyd wjyh fkdjk uqo,a ukav,h iqÿiq hhs i,lk fldgiaj, fyda iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackh lsíu yd ta fldgia iy iq/l=ïm;a úlsksu ukav,h úiska lrkq,eìh yels h ^b& wruqo, iïnkaofhka fmdÿ.skqula o" wruqof,a tla tla idudðlhd iïnkaofhka ^fï mkf;ys "fm!oa.,sl.skqu" hkqfjka i`oyka lrkq,nk& fjku.skqula o ukav,h úiskaa mj;ajd f.k hkq,eìh hq;= h ^B& wruqo,g wod<.skqï fmd;a tla tla j¾ifha foieïn¾ ui ;sia tla jk Èkh jk úg ;=,kh lrkq,eîug ukav,h úiska i,iajkq,eìh hq;= h ^W& tla tla j¾ih i`oyd wruqo, ms<sn`oj,eîï yd f.ùï ms<sn`o m%ldyhla o wdodhu yd úhou ms<sn`o m%ldyhla o j;alï yd nerlï ms<sn`o m%ldyhla o tla tla wdfhdackfha m%ldys; w.h".ekqï ñ, iy fj<o w.h oelafjk wdfhdack m%ldyhla o ms<sfh, lrkq,eìug ukav,h úiska i,iajkq,eìh hq;= h ^W!& tla tla j¾ih iïnkaofhka ^W& fþoh hgf;a ms<sfh, lrkq,enq tla tla m%ldyhka ys msgm;la B<`. j¾ifha iema;eïn¾ ui ;siajk Èkg fmr ukav,h úiska wud;hjrhd fj; hjkq,eìh hq;= h ^t& by;ska jq j¾ih wjidkfha iajlsh fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg we;s uqo, tla tla j¾ifha iema;eïn¾ ui ;sia jk Èkg fmr wruqof,a tla tla idudðlhd fj; ukav,h úiska ksfõokh lrkq,eìh hq;= h ^ta& wruqof,ka uqo,a wdfhdackh lsífuka tla tla j¾ih fjkqfjka,enqk wdodhfuka ta jarifha fï mkf;a úêúodk l%shd;aul lsífuys,d ukav,h úiska ork,o úhoï ukav,h úiska wvq lrkq,eìh hq;= h ^T& fï mk;g wkkql+, fkdjkakdjq o fï mk; hgf;a idok,o ksfhda. u.ska ukav,h fj; mjrkq,eìh yels yd kshu lrkq,eìh yels jq o wruqo, iïnkaofhka fjk;a n,;, yd ld¾h ukav,hg ;sìh hq;= h'

7 7 ukav,fha uqødj 8w' ukav,fha uqøj ^w& ukav,h úiska l,ska l, ;SrKh lrkq,nk ;eke;a;ka Ndrfha ;sìh hq;= h mk;ska ixfydaokh lr ^wd& ukav,h úiska ;SrKh lrkq,nk wdldrhlg fjkia lrkq,eìh yels h ;jo wdfhdack ^we& hï f,alkhlg ;eîu" ukav,fha wkque;sh we;sj iy ;uka meñk isgs njg ixfla;hla jyfhka ta f,alkfhys w;aika ;eìh hq;= ukav,fha idudcslhka fofofkl= bosrsmsg os yer fkdl, hq;= h' 9' ukav,h úiska fiajd kshqla;hka fjkqfjka hï jhdmdrhl" ta jhdmdrfha l<ukdlrkfhys,d iynd.s ùu m%jraokh lsífï woyiska fldgia,nd.eksfus ld¾h ioyd ke;fyd;a fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a w¾:,dnh Wfoid wdodhu bmoùfus woyiska" wud;h ukav,fha wkqu;h we;sj" jdkscuh fyda ld¾ñl jhjidhhka wdrïn fldg mj;ajdf.k hdfï ldrahh ioyd fydaa ksyap, foam< ixjraokh i`oyd wruqo,ska hï uqo,la m%fhdackhg.kq,eìh yels h ' ukav,fha.skqï ú.kkh lsíu 10' ^1& tla tla j¾ih fjkqfjka wruqof,a.skqï ú.kldêm;sjrhd úiska ú.kkh lrkq,eìh hq;= h' ^2& ^1& jk Wm j.ka;sfhys úêúodk flfia jqj o" uqo,a úihh Ndr wud;hjrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj yd ú.kldêm;sjrhdf.ka úuid wud;hjrhd úiska ukav,fha.skqï ú.kkh lsíu msksi iqÿiqlï,;a ú.kljrhl= fyda ú.kljrhka m;aa lrkq,eìh yels h' wud;hjrhd úiska tjeks m;aùula lrkq,en we;s wjia:djl" ukav,h iïnkaofhka" ú.kldêm;sjrhd úiska ;u ld¾h yd l¾;jh bgqlsíu i`oyd tls ú.kljrhdf.a fyda ú.kljrekaf.a fiajh m%fhdackhg.eksug ;ud woyia lrk nj Tyqg fyda Tjqkag,sÅ;j okajk,eìh yels w;r" bka miqj tls ú.kljrhd fyda ú.kljreka ú.kldêm;sjrhdf.a fufyhùu yd md,kh hgf;a lghq;= l< hq;= jkafka h'

8 8 ^3& ^w& ú.kldêm;sjrhd úiska ukav,fha.skqï ú.kkh lsífï ;udg iydh,nd.eksfï ldrahh i`oyd ;u fufyhùu yd md,kh hgf;a lghq;= l< hq;= iqoqiqlï,;a ú.kljrhl=f.a fyda ú.kljrhkaf.a fiajh,nd.; yelafla h ; ^wd& ukav,fha.skqï ú.kkhg wod< hïlsis ;dlaiksl" jd;a;sh fyda úohd;aul.eg`:jla mílaid lsífï ^ & ukav,fha fiajd kshqla;hl= fkdjk ;eke;a;l=f.a" fyda ^ & ukav,fha lghq;= l<ukdlrkfhys,d ljr fyda iïnkao;djla we;s wdh;khla fkdjk hïlsis ;dlaiksl fyda jd;a;sh fyda úohd;aul wdh;khl iydh,nd.eksu wjyh nj ú.kldêm;sjrhdf.a u;h jkafka kï" Tyq úiska tmßofoka ta fiajh,nd.; yelaflah' ;jo" ta ;eke;a;d fyda wdh;kh ú.kldêm;srjrhdf.a fufyhùu yd md,kh hgf;a l%shd l< hq;af;a h' ^4& ^w& ú.kldêm;sjrhdg fyda Tyqf.a wêldrh,;a ljr fyda ;eke;a;l=g" ukav,fha.skqï ú.kkh lsífï ^ & ^ & ^ & ukav,fha ish fmd;am;a" jd¾;d" jdr jd¾;d iy fjk;a,shlshú,s,nd.eksfï o" ukav,fha.nvdj,g iy fjk;a foam<j,g msúisfï o" iy ukav,fha.skqï ú.kkh lsíu i`oyd wjyh úh yels f;dr;=re yd lrekq meyeè,s lrjd.eksu ukav,h fyda tys ks,orhka,jd imhd.eksug o ysñlu we;af;a h'

9 9 ^wd& ukav,fha.skqï ú.kkh lsíu i`oyd m;a lrk,o ieu iqÿiqlï,;a ú.kljrhl=g u ke;fyd;a Tyqf.a wêldrh,;a ieu ;eke;a;l=g u" ukav,h iïnkaofhka wjyh úh yels msúisulg" f;dr;=re,nd.eksulg iy lrekq meyeè,s lrjd.eksulg tjeksu ysñlula we;af;a h' ^5& ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sfha úêúodk hgf;a m;a lrk,o ieu iqÿiqlï,;a ú.kljrhl= u úiska" ;u jd¾;dj wud;hjrhd fj; bèßm;a l< hq;= w;r" tys msgm;la ú.kldêm;sjrhd fj; o bèßm;a l< hq;af;a h' ^6& fuu j.ka;sfha ld¾h i`oyd iqÿiqlï,;a ú.kljrhd hk fhÿfuka ^w& Y%S,xld jr,;a.kldêldíkaf.a wdh;kfha fyda ks;sfhka msysgqjk,o fjk;a hï wdh;khl fyda idudðlhl= jq o.kldêldrsjrhl= o jyfhka jd;a;sfhys fh ug ta wdh;kfha indj úiska ksl=;a lrk,o iy;slhla orkakd jq o ;eke;af;la fyda ^wd& hï.kldêldí iud.ul tla tla fkajdisl yjq,alre Y%S,xld jr,;a.kldêldíkaf.a wdh;kfha fyda ks;sfhka msysgqjk,o fjk;a hï wdh;khl fyda idudðlhl=j isákafka o tfukau.kldêldíjrhl= jyfhka jd;a;sfhys fh u i`oyd tls wdh;kfha indj úiska ksl=;a lrk,o iy;slhla orkafka o tjeks jr,;a.kldêldí iud.ula fyda woyia fõ' ^7&' ú.kldêm;ssjrhd úiska iajlsh jd¾;dj ukav,h fj; bèßm;a l< hq;= h'

10 10 jd¾;d md¾,sfïka;=fõ ind.; l< hq;= nj' wud;hjdrhdf.a úodk' 11' ukav,fha jev lghq;= ms<sn`o jd¾;djla ukav,h úiska jd¾islj ms<sfh, fldg" ta jd¾;dj ú.kldêm;sjrhdf.a jdra;dj o iu." ta jd¾;d wod< jk jraihg blaì;sj u t<fuk j¾ih bl=;aùug fmr" ukav,h úiska wud;hjrhd fj; bèßm;a l< hq;= w;r" wud;hjrhd úiska ta jdra;d md¾,sfñka;=fjs ind.; lrkq,eìh hq;= h' 11 w fï mk; hgf;a ukav,fha ld¾h bgq lsrsu iy n,;, l%shd;aul lsrsu iïnkaofhka wud;hjrhd úiska l,ska l, ukav,hg,så;j fmdoq fyda úfyai úodk fokq,eìh yels w;r ukav,h úiska ta jsodk l%shd;aul l, hq;= h' 1982 wxl 3 ork mk;ska ixfydaokh lr taldnoao wruqo,ska ukav,hg f.ùu' 12 ^1& ^w& fï mk; l%shd;aul jk Èkfhka wdrïn jk udi fod<fya ld,h ;=< fï mkf;a úêúodk l%shd;aul lsífuys,d ukav,h úiska ork,o m%d.aok úhoï o we;=`:j ish úhoï iy ^wd fï Wmj.ka;sfha ^w& fþofhys i`oyka ld,h wjikajk Èkhg blaì;sj u t<fuk Èkfhka wdrïnjk udi úis y;f¾ ld,h ;=, fï mkf;a úêjodk l%shd;aul lsífuys,d ukav,h úiska ork,o ish m%d.aok úhoï f.ùu i`oyd md¾,sfïka;=fõ fhdackd iïu;hla u.ska ksyaph lrkq,nk uqo,a taldnoao wruqo,ska ukaav,hg f.jkq,eìh hq;=h' ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a taldnoao wruqo,ska f.jkq,nk ieu uqo,la u wdkaavqfjka ukav,hg,efnk Khla úh hq;= w;r uqo,a úihh Ndr wud;hjdrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj wud;hjrhd úiska ksyaph lrkq,nk kshu yd fldkafoaisj,g wkql+,j ta uqo, wdmiq f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' ³ 14' ukav,h úiska" wruqof,a uqo,a wdfhdackhkaf.ka,nd.;a,dnj,ska,dndxy m%ldy lrkq,eìh hq;= w;r" tls,dndxy wruqof,a tla tla idudðlhdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqug ner lrkq,eìh hq;= h' ³ 1982 wxl 03 ork ixfydaê; mk; u.ska 13 j.ka;sh bj;a lr we;,dndxy

11 11 11 jk fldgi odhl uqo,a 15' ^1& fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq,nk hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iïnkaofhka wruqo,g odhl uqo,a f.ùug fï mkf;a úêúodk hgf;a ta fiajd fhdaclhd m<uqfldg hg;a jkakd jq wjia:djl" ta fiajdkshqla;hd túg wruqof,a idudcslhl= úh hq;= w;r" wruqof,ys Tyqf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg hï uqo,la we;s;dla l,a Tyq fkdlvjd wruqof,a idudðlhl=j isáh hq;= h' wruqof,a idudðl;ajh' ^2& fï mkf;a fyda ta hgf;a idok,o hï ksfhda.hl úêúodk u.ska yer wkhdldrfhka ke;fyd;a ta úêúodk j,g wkql+,j ñi" wruqof,ys lsisu idudðlhl=g fyda ta idudcslhd fjkqfjka ysñlï mdk fjk;a ;eke;a;l=g fyda wruqof,ys uqo,a flfrys hï iïnkao;djla fyda tys,d hï ysñlï meula fyda fkd;sìh hq;= h' ^3& fï mkf;a fï fldgfia úêúodk hgf;a uqo,a lsisjlg hï fiajdkshqla;hl= fyda Tyq fjkqfjka l%shd lrk hï ;eke;a;l= fyda úiska kshñ; wdldrfhka ysñlï meula lsrsu" ta uqo,a iïnkaofhka ta fiajdkshqla;hdg we;s whs;sjdislug fldkafoaishla úh hq;= h' 16' ^1& fï mkf;a fï fldgi wod< jk ieu fiajdkshqla;hl=g fiajd fhdacl úiska ta fiajdkshqla;hd ;u fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq,nk tla tla udih fjkqfjka" ta udih we;=<; ta fiajd fhdaclf.a fiajfhys kshqla; ùfuka ta fiajdkshqla;hd Wmhk uq`: bmhsïj,ska ishhg ;=klg muk jk odhl uqo,la B<`.g t<fuk udifha wjidk Èk fyda tèkg fmr ta fiajd kshqla;hd iïnkaofhka wruqo,g f.ùug ta fiajd fhdaclhd hg;a úh hq;= h' fiajd kshqla;hl= iïnkaofhka fiajdfhdacl úiska f.jkq,nk odhl uqo,a' ^2& fï j.ka;sh hgf;a fiajd fhdaclhl= úiska odhl uqo,a f.ùfï j.lsu tls fiajd kshqla;sh iïnkaofhka wud;hjrhd úiska.eiü m;%fha m< lrk,o kshufhka kshu lrk,o Èkhg blaì;sj u miqj jq Èkfhys wdrïn úh hq;= h'

12 12 ^3& hï fiajd kshqla;hl= iïnkaofhka ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a f.jk,o hï odhl uqo,la" ukav,h úiska" wruqof,a tls fiajdkshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqug ner lrkq,eìh hq;= h' 1958 wxl 15 ork mk; wod, jk we;eï fiajd fhdaclhka úiska f.úh hq;= odhl uqo,a' 17' ^1& fï mkf;a 29 jk j.ka;sfha úêúodkj, l=ula i`oykaj we;o" 1958 wxl 15 ork fiajl w¾:idol wruqo,a mk; wod< jk fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq,enq tla tla fiajdkshqla;hd iïnkaofhka ta mk; hgf;a msysgqjk,o fiajl w¾:idol wruqo,g fyda ta mk; hgf;a wkqu; lrk,o w¾:idol wruqo,la jyfhka m%ldy lrk,o w¾:idol wruqo,lg ta mk; hgf;a kshu lr we;s m%udkhg jvdjeäs m%;sy;hla wkqj.kka n,kq,enq m%udkhl odhl uqo,la f.ùug ta fiajd fhdacl úiska ta mkf;a 11 jk j.ka;sfha úêúodk hgf;a f;dard f.k we;s wjia:djl ta m%;sy;h wxl 03 ork mk;ska ixfydaokh lr ^w& ta fiajdfhdaclhd hgf;a jq ;u fiajdkshqla;sfhka ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a tla udihl uq`: bmhsïj,ska ishhg ;=klg iudk fjf;d;a fyda Bg jeä fjf;d;a ta jeä m%;sy;fhka ishhg ;=kla ieu udihlos u wvqlr ta ishhg ;=k fï mk; hgf;a msysgqjk,o wruqo,g fm%aikh l< yels h ;jo ta wvq lsrsfuka miq b;srs jk m%udkh fiajl w¾:idol wruqo,g fyda wkqu; lrk,o w¾:idol wruqo,g f.ùu lrf.k hd yelsh ke;fyd;a ^wd& ta fiajdfhdaclhd hgf;a jq ;u fiajdkshqla;sfhka ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a tla udihl uq`: bmhsïj,ska ishhg ;=klg wvq fjf;d;a tu mkf;a 10 jk j.ka;sfha kshñ; m%;sy;hg jeäfhka we;s uqo,a m%udkh iy" ta iu`." ta bmhïj,ska ishhg ;=kl uq`: tl;=jla iefok mrsos ta fiajdfhdaclhd úisska fokq,nkakdjq w;sf¾l odhl uqo,la ta fiajdfhdaclhd úsiska" fï mk; hgf;a msysgqjk,o wruqo,g fm%aikh lrkq,eìh yels w;r" 1958 wxl 15 ork fiajl w¾:idol wruqo,a mk; hgf;a kshñ; m%udkh fiajl w¾:idol wruqo,g fyda wkqu; lrk,o w¾:idol wruqo,g f.ùu os.gu lr f.k hd yels h'

13 13 ^2 & fï mk; hgf;a msysgqjk,o wruqo,g ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh m%ldr fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska lrk,o hï f.ùula 16 jk j.ka;sfha úêsúodk j,g wkql+,j lrkq,enq fia i,lkq,eìh hq;= h'³ iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;l= úiska wruqof,a idudðlhl= ùug we;s ;u leue;a; ukav,h fj; oekqï Èh hq;= nj' 18' wruqof,a idudðlhl= ùug woyia lrk iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;l= fyda ixl%uksl lïlrejl= úiska tjeks idudðlhl= ùug we;s ;u leue;a; ukav,h fj; hjk,o,så; oekaùulska oekaúh hq;= h' ork mk;ska ixfydaokh ù 18 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a oekaùu hjk ;eke;a;df.ka jdr jd¾;djla le`oùug ukav,hg we;s n,h' 19' ^1& 18 jk j.ka;sfha úêúodk hgf;a oekaùula ukav,h fj;,efnk wjia:djl" fï mkf;a ld¾h i`oyd" ;u fiajd kshqla;sh iïnkaofhka úia;r we;=<;a kshñ; wdld;sfhka jq jdr jd¾;djla ta úodkfhys ioyka Èkhg fmr" ukav,h fj; imhk f,i ta oekaùu hjk hï ;eke;a;l=g,så; úodk l< yels h' ;j o ta ;eke;a;d úiska ta úodkh ms<smeèh hq;= h' ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a jdr jd¾;djla imhk hï ;eke;a;l= úiska" ta jdr jd¾;dfjys we;=<;a lrekq ryih f,i i,lkq,eìh hq;= njg,så; b,a,sula ta jdr jd¾;dj iu. hjkq,eìh yels h' ;j o tjeks b,a,sula lrkq,en we;s wjia:djl" ta ;eke;a;df.ka l,ska,nd.;a leue;a; fkdue;sj jdr jd¾;dfõ we;=<;a lrekq wkdjrkh fkdl< hq;= h' ^3& fï mk; yer hï,så; ks;shl úêúodk u.ska fyda ta hgf;a fyda tjeks wkdjrkh lsíula fyda bèßm;a lsíula fyda ;ykï lrkq,en we;s ljr fyda úgl hï jdr jd¾;djl lrekq wkdjrkh lsíug fyda bèßm;a lsíug fyda hï ;eke;a;l=g fï j.ka;sfhys by;ska jq úêúodk lsisjlska kshu fj;ehs ke;fyd;a bv fokq,efn;ehs i,lkq fkd,eìh hq;= h' ³ 1982 wxl 03 ork mkf;a 4 jk j.ka;sh u.ska m%odk m%{ma;shg lrk,o ixfydaokh 1981 ud¾;= 1 jkod isg l%shd;aul jq f,i ish ld¾h i`oyd i,lkq,eìh hq;= h'

14 14 20' ^1& hï ;eke;a;l= úiska 18 jk j.ka;sfha úêúodk hgf;a oekaùula hjkq,en" ta ;eke;a;d jsiska 19 jk j.ka;sfha úêúodk hgf;a imhk,o jdr jd¾;dj ukav,h úiska i,ld ne,sfuka miq" ta ;eke;a;d wruqof,a idudcslhl= f,i ukav,h úiska Ndr.kq,nk wjia:djl" ta Ndr.ekSu ms<sn`oj ta ;eke;a;dg ukav,h úiska,så;j oekqï Èh hq;= h' ^2& hï ;eke;a;l="^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha úêúodk hgf;a wruqof,a idudðlhl= jk wjia:djl" Tyq úiska tla tla udih i`oyd" miqj t<fuk udifha wjidk Èkfha fyda ta Èkhg fmr remsh,a úismylg fyda tys.=ks;hlg iudk uqo,la jk odhl uqo,la f.úh hq;= h' tfy;a udisl odhl uqo,,s;a j¾ih ;=<os fkdfjkiaj mej;sh hq;= h; ^3& ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sfha úêúodk hgf;a wruqo,g odhl uqo, f.jk hï ;eke;a;l=" Tyqf.a iajhx /lshd kshqla;sh k;r jqfha fyda Y%S,xldfjka msg; fiajdkshqla;sh k;rjqfha fyda hï Èkhl os o ta Èk isg ta odhl uqo,a f.ùu" ukav,h fj;,så;j oekqï fuka miq k;r úh hq;= h' ^4& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a wruqof,a idudcslhl= njg m;ajk ;eke;a;l= úiska hï,s;a j¾ihl wkql%ñl udi ;=kla fyda,s;a j¾ihla ;=, tl;=j udi myla jk uq`: ld,hla fyda odhl uqo,a f.jkq fkd,enq úgl" wruqof,a ta idudcslhdf.a odhl uqo,a u; ta,s;a j¾ih fjkqfjka hï fmd<shla fyda,dndxyla,eîug Tyq ysuslï fkd,eìh hq;= h' iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;ka úiska odhl uqo,a f.ùu' mk; u.ska ixfydaokh ù mk; ixfydaokh ù mk; ixfydaokh ù m%;s,dn f.jkq,nk ld,h' " 21 ^1& wruqof,a hï idudcslfhl=f.a mqoa.,sl.skqfï nerg we;s hï uqo,la wruqo, msysgqùfï osk isg wjqreoq folla bl=;a jk;=re f.jkq fkd,eìsh hq;= h' ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha i`oyka wjqreoq foll ld,h bl=;a ùfuka miq" hï idudcslfhl=f.a mqoa.,sl.skqfï nerg we;s uq`: uqo,a m%udkh" 23 jk" 24 jk iy 25 jk j.ka;sj, úêsúodkj,g hg;aj ta idudcslhdg f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' ^3& ^1& jk iy ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sj, úêúsodkj, l=ula i`oykaj we; o" 1967 wxl 14 ork bkaoq,xld.súiqu ^l%shd;aul lsrsfï& mk; hgf;a ishrg hjkq,nk hï idudcslhl=f.a mqoa.,sl.skqfï nerg we;s uq`: uqo,a m%udkh ta idudcslhd Y%S,xldfjka msg;ajk oskhg fmr Tyqg f.jkq,eìsh hq;=h' 1982 wxl 03 mk; u.ska ixfydaokh ù

15 15 22' wruqof,a wdfhdackfhka,efnk wdodhfuka" wud;hdjrhd iy uqo,a úihh Ndr wud;hjrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj ukav,h úiska l,ska l,g kshu lrkq,eìh yels" j¾ihlg ishhg ;=klg fkdwvq hï wkqmd;hl fmd,shla" tls j¾ifha foieïn¾ ui ;sia tla jk oskg wruqof,a tla tla idudðlhdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg ;sfnk uqo,g tla tla j¾ih i`oyd f.jkq,eìh hq;= h : tfia jqj o" wruqof,a hï idudðlhl=g fyda idudðlhl= iïnkaofhka fï mk; hgf;a hï m%;s,dnhla jyfhka hï uqo,a m%udkhla f.jkq,nk,s;a j¾ifha ckjdß ui m<uqjk Èkfhka wdrïn ù tls uqo,a m%udkh f.jk oskhg l,ska udifha wjidk oskfhka wjika jk ld, isudj i`oyd" tls ld,isudj wjika jk oskfha os tls idudcslhdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg ;sfnk uqo,g j¾ihlg ishhg ;=kl wkqmd;hl fmd<shla f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' odhl uqo,a j,g fmd,s wdèh' mk; u.ska ixfydaokh ù fiajd kshqla;sh wjika l< úg fiajd kshqla;hkag m%;s,dn f.ùu' 23' ^1& 24 jk j.ka;sfha úêúodkj,g hg;aj" iajlsh fm!oa.,sl.skqfuys hï fiajd kshqla;hl=f.a nerg ;sfnk uqo," Tyqf.a fiajd kshqla;sh wjika lrkq,enq úg" ukav,h úiska ta fiajd kshqla;hdg f.jkq,eìh hq;= h ( tfia jqj o wruqof,a idudðlhl=f.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfuys Tyqf.a nerg ;sfnk hï uqo,la ^w& ta idudcslhd jhi wjqreÿ yegg jeä jkakdjq wjia:djl yer ke;fyd;a ^wd& Y%S,xldjg wdmiq fkdmeñksfï fé;kdfjka fyda úfoayhl ia:sr mosxñh i`oyd fyda Y%SS%s,xldfjka msgù hdug isák njg ta idudcslhd úsiska f,alkuh idcis u.ska ukav,h ieysulg m;a lrkq,nk wjia:djl yer" wjqreoq myl ld, isudjla we;=,; tla jrlg jevsfhka wdmiq,nd.eksug ta idudcslhd ysuslus fkd,ensh hq;= h' ^2& fus j.ka;sfha ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha l=ula i`oyka j ;snqkso fus mk; wod< jk fiajdkshqla;hl= (i) rcfha fijfhys ;

16 16 (ii) 1974 wxl 16 ork m<d;a md,k fiajd mk; u.ska ixia:dmkh lrk,o m<d;a md,k fiajfhys ^ & 1980 wxl 35 ork ixj¾ok ind mkf;a 47 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a msysgqjk,o osid fiajdfjys fyda ^ ¹& m<d;a md,k fiajfha idudcslhl= jyfhka yer hï m<d;a md,k wdh;khl fiajfhys úy%du jegqma iys; fiajd kshqla;shla Ndr.;a wjia:djl" ta úy%du jegqma iys; m;aùu Ndr.;aa osk os ta fiajd kshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï Tyqf.a nerg ;snqkq uqo, ukav,h úiska ta fiajd kshqla;hdg f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' wylakq;djla ksid fiajd kshqla;sh wjika lrkq,enq úsg m%;s,dn f.ùu' tfia jqjo ^ & jk iy ^ ¹& jk fpaoj, i`oyka hï fiajhl fiajd kshqla;hl= úiska orkq,enq úy%du jegqma rys; ;k;=rla" miqj" ta úy%du jegqma rys; ;k;=frys Tyq m%:u jrg fiajd kshqla;sfhys fhdojkq,enq osk isg l%shd;aul jk mrsos úy%du jegqma iys; njg m;a lrkq,enq wjia:djl" ta ;k;=r úsy%du jegqma iys; ;k;=rla njg m;a lrkq,enq oskfha os wruqof,a ta fiajd kshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg ;snqkq odhl uqo,a m%udkh" Tyqf.a fiajdfhdacl fj; wdmiq f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' 24' ^1& yèis wk;=rla fyda wiksmhla fya;=fldg f.k jq wylakq;dj u; hus fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fiajdkshqla;sh wjika lrkq,enq wjia:djl" 23 jk j.ka;sfha ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha w;=re jsodkfha úêúodkj, l=ula i`oyka jqj o" ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfuys nerg ;sfnk uqo, ukav,h úiska ta fiajdkshqla;hdg f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha ld¾hh i`oyd wylakq;dj u; wjika lrkq,enq hkafkka jev lsíu `ioyd iaòr yd iïmq¾k wylakq;djhl fya;=fjka fiajd kshqla;h wjika lsíu iy ta fya;=j ksid ;jÿrg;a jev lsíu i`oyd kqiqÿiq njg,shdmèxñ ffjoh jd;a;slhl= iy;sl lsíu woyia fõ' 1993 wxl 18 ork mk;ska ixfydaokh lr we; ork mk;ska ixfydaokh lr we;

17 17 ^3& fï j.ka;sfha ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a fiajd kshqla;lhl= úiska bosrsm;a lrk,o ffjoh iy;slhl ks¾jhdc;ajh ms<sn`oj iel lsrsug ukav,fha indm;sjrhdg fya;= we;s úsg" Tyq jsiska ta fiajd kshqla;hd h:d mrsos ixhqla; lrk,o ffjoh ukav,hla fyda wdkavqfõ ffjoh ks,orhl= fyda úiska kej; mrslaid lrkq,eîu i`oyd fhduq lrkq,eìh yels w;r" tfia kej; mrslaid lsrsfusos" uq,a ffjoh iy;slh" hï jeo.;a úia;rhla iusnkaofhka wi;h nj fidhd.kq,enq wjia:djl ukav,h úsiska ta iy;slh m%;slafiam lrkq,eìh hq;= h' ;jo ta,shdmosxñs ffjoh jd;a;slhd úsiska bka miqj ksl=;a lrk ffjoh iy;sl ms<s.eksu m%;slafiam lsrsug ukav,hg ysñlu ;sìh hq;= h' mk; u.ska ixfydaokh ù fiajd kshqla;hl= ñh.sh úg m%;s,dn f.ùu' 25' ^1& hï fiajdkshqla;hl= ñh.sh úg" iajlsh fm!oa.,sl.skqfuys Tyqf.a nerg ;sfnk uqo, ta fiajd kshqla;hd f.a kdñlhdg ukav,h úiska f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' tfia kdñlhl= fkdue;s kï" ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a wka;su leu;s m;%fha fmd,au#lreg fyda ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a nqo,fha woañksia;%dislreg fyda ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a Wreulaldrhskag fyda ta uqo, f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' ^2& idudcslhl=f.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfuys ;u nerg ;sfnk uqo,g ysñlu,eîug fmr" wruqof,a idudðlhl= ñh hk wjia:djl ke;fyd;a Bg ysñlu,eîfuka miq tfy;a ta uqo, Ndr.ekSug fmr Tyq ñh hk wjia:djl iy ta idudcslhdf.a urkh isÿjq úg" ta uqo, f.úh hq;= jq lsisÿ kdñlhl= fï mk; hgf;a idok,o ksfhda. hgf;a m;alr fkdue;s wjia:djl ke;fyd;a fï mk; hgf;a idok,o ksfhda. hgf;a m;a lrk,o kdñlhd fyda kdñlhka ñh f.dia we;s wjia:djl" túg ta uqo, ^w& th woañksia;%dis l< yels nqo,hla kï wka;su leu;s m;%fha fmd,au#lreg fyda ta nqo,fhys we;=<;a lrkq,eìh hq;= ta ñh.sh idudðlhdf.a nqo,fha woañksia;%dislreg fyda f.jkq,eìh hq;= h

18 18 ^wd& th woañksia;%dis l< fkdyels nqo,hla kï" ukav,fha u;h wkqj iy;sl lrkq,eìh hq;= ;eke;a;ka w;ßka ukav,h úiska m;a lrkq,nk fyda,eìh hq;= ta uqo,g ks;sfhka ysñlu we;s ;eke;a;dg f.jkq,eìh hq;= h ;jo ^we& wruqof,a idudcslhl= úiska ta idudcslhdf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg ;sfnk uqo, Tyqf.a urkh isÿjq jsg f.úh hq;= kdñlhka fofofkl= fyda Bg jeä.kkla m;a lrkq,en we;s wjia:djl" iy ta idudðlhdg fmr tla kdñlhl= fyda tla kdñlhl=g jeä.kkla ñh hk wjia:djl túg ta idudðlhd úiska wjia:dfjdañ; mßè w ;a kdñlhl= fyda kdñlhka m;a fkd fldg ta idudcslhdf.a urkh isÿ jq úg ta uqo, ^i& Ôj;aj isák tlu kdñlhl= isákafka kï Tyqg f.jkq,eìh hq;= h ke;fyd;a ^ii& tla kdñlhl=g jeäfhka isákafka kï ta kdñlhka w;r iudk fldgia wkqj fn fuka f.jkq,eìh hq;= h' ^3& hï wjia:djl wruqof,a idudðlhl= úiska Tyqf.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfus nerg ;sfnk uqo, Tyqf.a urkh isÿ jq úg f.úh yels hï ;eke;a;l= fyda ;eke;a;ka kus l, yels h' ^3w& fï mkf;a úêúsodk hgf;a kdñlhl= kï fldg fkdue;s wjia:djl" ta idudcslhd fiajl w¾:idol wruqo,a mk; hgf;a mssysgqjkq,enq fiajl w¾:idol wruqof,a fyda ta mk; hgf;a wkqu; lrkq,enq w¾:idol wruqo,l fyda idudcslhl= o fjs kï" ta mk; hgf;a idokq,enq ksfhda. hgf;a kus lrkq,enq hï kdñlhl=" fï mk; hgf;a kï lrkq,enq kdñlhl= f,i i,lkq,ensh hq;= w;r" fus mkf;a jsosjsodk" wjyh fjkia lsrsus iys;j" ta kduslhd iusnkaofhka o wod< jkafka h' 1993 wxl 18 ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js

19 19 ^4& wruqof,a idudcslhl= úiska lrk,o hus kus lsíula ;ud úiska ljr wjia:djl jqj o wj,x.= l< yels h' ^5& ieu kus lsíula u iy kus lsíul ieu wj,x.= lsíula u kshñ; wdld;sfhys úh hq;= h' ^6& hus idudðlhl= úiska lrk,o ieu kus lssrsfus f,alkhla u iy kus lsíu wj,x.= lsífus ieu f,alkhla u ta f,alkh,shd w;aika lsífus Èk isg Èk ;syla we;=<; ;u fiajd fhdacl u.ska ukav,h fj; bèßm;a l< hq;= h' ^7& ;u újdyhg fmr idudðlhl= úiska lrk,o hï kus lsíula ta idudðlhdf.a újdyfha wj,x.= lrkq,enq f,i i,lkq,eìh hq;= h' ^8& újdyl idudðlhl= úiska lrk,o ieu kus lsíula u Tyqf.a mjqf,a tla idudðlhl=f.a fyda Bg jeä idudðlhka.kklf.a jdishg úh hq;= h' 111 jk fldgi ysñlï meï mßmd,kh lsíu yd ksyaph lsíu wvq l, odhl uqo,a iusnkaofhka ukav,h jsiska fiajdfhdaclhkag jsodk ksl=;a l< hq;= nj' 26' ^1& fus mk; l%shd;aul ùug fmrd;=j u mej;s tla j¾ihl ld,h ;=< fyda ta Èkfhys fyda Bg miq hus ld,hl fus mk; hgf;a f.úh hq;= hus odhl uqo,l m%udkh wvq lsrsfus ld¾hh i`oyd hus fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fiajdfhdacl úiska ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a bmehsus wvq lrkq,en we;s njg ukav,h ieysug m;ajk wjia:djl" wvq lsíug fmr ta fiajdkshqla;hd,enq bmehsus mokus lrf.k wd.kkh lrk,o kus" ta ld,h ;=< odhl uqo,a jyfhka fiajdfhdacl úiska f.úh hq;= uqo, iy ta ld,h ;=< Tyq úiska we;a; jyfhkau odhl uqo,a jyfhka f.jkq,enq uqo, w;r we;s fjki" ta wvq lrk,o bmehsus ta fiajdkshqla;hd,enq iusmq¾k ld,h iusnkaofhka oekaùfus i`oyka jdßlj,ska iy tys i`oyka Èkj,g fmr wruqo,g f.jk f,i ukav,h úiska,så; oekaùula u.ska ta fiajdfhdaclhdg úodk lrkq,eìh yels h'

20 20 ^2& ukav,h úiska ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a hus fiajdfhdaclhl= fj; úodkhla lrkq,nk wjia:djl tls fiajdfhdacl úiska ta úodkhg wkql+,j l%shd l, hq;= h' hï odhl uqo,a f.jkq fkd,enq wjia:djl fiajdfhdacl úiska wêndrh f.úh hq;= nj' 27' fï mk; hgf;a f.úh hq;= hï odhl uqo,la kshñ; Èk wruqo,g f.jkq fkd,en we;a;d jq o ;udg md,kh l< fkdyels jq fya;= ksid ta odhl uqo,a f.ùug wfmdfydi;a jq njg ukav,h ieysug m;ajk whqßka meyeè,s lsíug fiajdfhdaclg fkdyels jkakd jq o wjia:djl" ta odhl uqo,a m%udkhg w;sf¾lj my; i`oyka wdldrhg wd.kkh lrk,o wêndr uqo,a m%udkhla wruqo,g f.ùug Tyq hg;a úh hq;= h ( ^w& ta odhl uqo, osk oyhla fkdblaujk ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udkfhka ishhg myl wêndrhla ^wd& ta odhl uqo, osk oyhlaa blaujk" tfy;a tla udihla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udkfhka ishhg myf<djl wêndrhla ^we& ta odhl uqo, tla udihla blaujk" tfy;a udi ;=kla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udkfhka ishhg úiail wêndrhla ^we& ta odhl uqo, udi ;=kla blaujk" tfy;a udi yhla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udkfhka ishhg ;syl wêndrhla ^b& ta odhl uqo, udi yhla blaujk" tfy;a udi fod<yla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udkfhka ishhg y;<syl wêndrhla ^B& ta odhl uqo, udi fod<yla blaujk ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udkfhka ishhg mkyl wêndrhla ' 1982 wxl 03 mk;ska ixfydaokh ù

21 21 28 ^1& wruqo,g wh úh hq;= hï uqo,la,>q ld¾h mámdáh wkqj kvq lghq;= mjrkq,eìh yels kvqjla u.ska wh lrkq,eìh hq;= h',>q kvq ld¾h mámdáh wod< jkafka hï kvq iïnkaofhka o" ta kvqj,g wod< isú,a kvq úodk ix.%yfha úêúodk fus j.ka;sh hgf;a jq kvqjlg wod< úh hq;= h' ;jo tjeks kvqjlg ta úêúodk wod< lsífï ld¾h ioyd mukla isú,a kvq úodk ix.%yfha 8 jk j.ka;sfhys oelafjk "fus wd{dmk;ska" hk jpk fjkqjg "fï wd{dmk;ska fyda fjk;a,så; ks;shlska " hk jpk wdfoay lrkq,enqjdla fuka isú,a kvq úodk ix.%yfha 8 jk j.ka;sfhys úêúodk n,d;aul úh hq;= h' ^2& fï mk; hgf;a ;ud úiska f.úh hq;= hï uqo,a m%udkhla f.ùu fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska meyer yßk yd ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a whlr.eksu l%shd;aul l< fkdyels yd wjia:dkql+, fkdjk nj ukav,fha u;h jk wjia:djl" ukav,h úiska meyer yersu isoq lr we;af;a hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iïnkaofhka o Tyq ta meyer yers fiajdfhdaclhd úiska fiajfha kshqla; lrkq,nk fyda fiajfha kshqla; lrkq,enq hï Èia;%slalhl wêlrk n,isudj we;s Èid wêlrkh fj;" f.úh hq;= uqo,a m%udkhka ms<sn`o úia;r yd tls fiajdfhdacl mèxñ ia:dkfha ku yd ia:dkh we;=<;a iy;slhla ksl=;a l< yelsh' ;jo bka wk;=rej meyer yeß fiajdfhdaclf.a ish pxp, yd ksyap, foam< fyda tfia wh úh hq;= uqo,a m%udkh wh lr.eksu ioyd wjyh hhs msial,a úiska ie,lsh yels tys fldgila" ;ykug f.k úlsksu ioyd ta msial,ag n,hmjrñka yd kshu lrñka l%shd;aul lsífï wd{djla ta msial,a fj; ksl=;a lsíug wêlrkh úiska úodk l< hq;= w;r" ta ;ykug.eksu yd úlsksu yd ta iïnkaofhka wjyh fjkia lsíï iys;j isú,a kvqúodk ix.%yfha 226 isg 297 olajd j.ka;s wod< jkafka h' wruqo,g wh úh hq;=uqo,a whlr.kakd wkaou' mk;ska ixfydaokh ù

22 22 ^3& fï mk; hgf;a fiajdfhdaclhd úiska f.úh hq;= hï uqo,a m%udkhla f.ùu meyer yßk yd ^1& jk fyda ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a ta uqo,a m%udkh whlr.eksu l%shd;aul l< fkdyels yd wjia:dkql+, fkdjk nj ukav,fha u;h jk wjia:djl ke;fyd;a whúh hq;= uq`: uqo,a m%udkh ;ykug.eksu yd úlsksu u.ska whlr fkd.kakd,o wjia:djl" ukav,h úiska meyer yersu isoqlr we;af;a hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iusnkaofhka o" Tyqf.a fiajd ia:dkh msysgd we;s fldügdih flfrys wêlrk n, isudj we;s ufyaia;%d;ajrhl= fj; tfia wh úh hq;= uqo,a m%udkh yd meyer yeß fiajdfhdaclf.a ku yd mèxñ ia:dkh ms<sno úia;r we;=<;a iy;slhla ksl=;a l< yels h' bka wk;=rej ufyaia;%d;ajrhd úiska fus mk; hgf;a whúh hq;= uqo,a m%udkh whlr.eksu i`oyd Tyqg úreoaoj ;jÿrg;a kvq lghq;= fkdf.k hdug fya;= oelaùug ta fiajdfhdacl Tyq bèßhg le`oúh hq;= w;r tfia m%udkj;a fya;= oelaùu meyer yeßhúg ta uqo,a m%udkh ufyaia;%d;ajrhd úiska nkaokd.dr.; lsífuka o`vqjus l< yels jrola i`oyd okavk kshuhla u.ska ta fiajdfhdacl fj; kshu lrk,o ovhla f,i i,lkq,eìh hq;= h' ;jo tjeks jrola i`oyd kshu lrk,o ovhla f.ùu meyer yeíu iïnkaofhka 1979 wxl 15 ork wmrdo kvq úodk ix.%yh mkf;a 291 jk j.ka;sfha úêúodk ^tys ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha ^w&" ^B&" ^ta& fþo yer& wod< úh hq;= h ;j o tjeks okavk kshuhla lrk wjia:dfjs ta j.ka;sfha úêjsodk u.ska ;ud úiska l< yelsj ;snq hï úodk ufyaia;%d;ajrhd úiska l< yels h' ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js ^4& fï j.ka;sfha ld¾hh i`oyd ukav,h úiska ksl=;a lrk,o iy;slhl hï m%ldyhl ksrjoh;djh fï j.ka;sh hgf;a hï kvq lghq;a;l wêlrkhla úiska m%yak lrkq,eîu fyda únd. lrkq,eîu fyda fkdl< hq;= h' ;jo ta wkqj fus j.ka;sfha lsisjlska ta iy;slfha hï m%ldyhl ksrjoh;djh ms<sn`oj i,ld ne,sug fyda ;SrKh lsíug fyda wêlrkhg n,h fkd,efnkafka h' ;jo fï mk; hgf;a f.ùu meyer yßk fiajdfhdaclhl=f.ka,eìh hq;= uqo," ksis f,i.kka n,kq,enq nj iy ta uqo, meyer yßkq,en we;s njg ukav,fha iy;slh m%udkj;a idlaishla úh hq;= h'

23 23 ^5& wruqo,g,eìh hq;= hï uqo,a wh lr.eksu i`oyd kvq lghq;= ukav,h úiska fyda ta fjkqfjka n,h fok,o ukav,fha hus ks,orhl= úiska fyda mjrkq,eìh yels h' ;jo Bg mgyeksj fjk;a hus,så; ks;shl l=ula i`oyka j we;o ukav,h úiska fyda ta ks,orhd úiska fyda ta kvq lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hkq,eìh hq;= h' ^6& fï mk; hgf;a odhl uqo,a fyda wêndrhla jyfhka f.úh hq;= hï uqo,la wh lr.eksug ld,dm.uk wd{dmkf;a úêúodk wod< fkdúh hq;= h' odhl uqo,a f.ùu msksi fiajdfhdacl úiska fiajd kshqla;hl=f.a bmehsus wvq fkdl< hq;= nj' 29' fï mk; hgf;a hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iïnkaofhka hï odhl uqo,la fyda wêndrhla f.ùug ;udg we;s ne`osu fya;= fldg f.k lsisu fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska" ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a bmehsï wvq lsíu fyda hï,så; ks;shl úêúodk hgf;a fyda ;u fiajdkshqla;sfha kshuhka yd fldkafoais hgf;a fyda ta fiajdkshqla;hd ysñlu,nk hï m%;s,dnhla Tyqg ydkslr wkaoñka fjkia lsíu fyda fkdl< hq;= h' fiajdfhdacl úiska f.úh hq;= hus uqo,la Tyq úiska wvq fkdl< hq;= nj' 30' fï mkf;a fï fldgfiys úêúodk hgf;a odhl uqo,la fyda wêndrhla fyda jyfhka hï fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fiajdfhdacl úiska f.úh hq;= hï uqo,la ta fiajdfhdacl úiska ta fiajd kshqla;hdf.a bmehsusj,ska wvq fkdlrkq,eìh hq;= h' hï fiajdfhdaclhl= f.ka whúh hq;= uqo,a m<uq jeh nrla úh hq;= nj' fiajdkshqla;hd f.a nerg we;s uqo,a mejíu n, rys; nj' 31' fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska hï uqo,la f.jkq,eìh hq;= f,i fï fldgiska kshu lrkq,en we;af;a hï ld,hla we;=<; o ta ld,h wjika ùfuka blaì;sj u t<fuk ld,fha ta fiajdfhdaclhdf.ka whúh hq;= ta uqo," fjk;a hï,så; ks;shl mgyeksj l=ula i`oykaj we; o Tyqf.a j;alï ms<sn`oj m<uq jeh nrla úh hq;= h' 32' wruqof,a idudðlhl=f.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg we;s uqo,l ieu mejíula fyda wh lsíula iy tjeks hï uqo,la mejíu fyda whlsíu ms<sn`o jq ieu.súiqula u jia;=nx.;aj wd{dmkf;a i`oyka úêúodk flfia jqjo" ta idudðlhdf.a Kh ysñhka fjkqfjka l%shd lrk hus mejreï,dnshl=g w;a fkdúh hq;= h'

24 24 ysñlï meï" ukav,h úiskafyda ukav,h úiska n,h fokq,enq ksyaph l, hq;= nj' ukav,fha kshuhg úreoaoj wnshdpkh' 33' ^1& wruqof,ka hï f.ùula i`oyd jk ish,q ysñlï meï" fyda ;;a ldrahh i`oyd ukav,h n,h fok,o hï ks,orhl= jsiska fyda ksyaph lrkq,eìh hq;= w;r" ukav,fha fyda tjeks ks,orhl=f.a fyda ksyaph lsrsus" Bg jsreoaoj lrk wnshdpkhlos fokq,ensh yels ;SrKhlg hg;aj" wjikd;aul jsh hq;= h' ^2& ukav,fha ks,orhl= jsiska ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a lrk,o ksyaphlska w;d;am ljr fyda ;eke;a;l=g ta ksyaph lsrsu okajkq,eîfuka ojia ;syla we;=<; ta ;eke;a;d úiska Bg úsreoaoj ukav,h fj; wnshdpkhla l< yels h' hus wnshdpkhl os ukav,h jsiska ta ks,orhdf.a ksyaph lsrsu" ia:sr lsrsu" fjkia lsrsu fyda W;aidrKh lsrsu l< yels w;r tjeks hus wnshdpkhl os ukav,fha ;SrKh 34 jk j.ka;sfha ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha ldrah i`oyd ukav,fha ksyaph lsrsula f,i ie,lsh hq;= h' 34' ^1& ukav,fha ksyaph lsíu iusnkaofhka w;dma;shg m;a hï ;eke;a;l= úiska ks;sh ms<sn`o m%yakhla u; ta ksyaph lsíug úreoaoj wnshdpkfha fjk;a ieu mdrayjlrejl= u j.w;a;rlrejl= jyfhka i`oyka lrkq,nk,så; fm;aiula u.ska wnshdpkdêlrkhg wnshdpk lrkq,eìh yels h' ^2& újdohg Ndck lrkq,nk ks;sh ms<sn`o m%yakh wnshdpk fm;aifuys i`oyka úh hq;= w;r" ta m%yakh wnshdpkdêlrkh úiska úksyaph lrkq,eîug iqÿiq jq m%yakhla njg ks;s{jrhl= úiska fokq,nk iy;slhla o thg we;=<;a úh hq;= h' ^3& wnshdpk fm;aiu" wnshdplg ksyaph lsrsu oekqï fokq,eîfuka" osk ;syla we;=<; bosrsm;a lrkq,eìh hq;= h' 33 jk j.ka;sfha ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sfha iy fï j.ka;sfha ldrah i`oyd" hï ;eke;a;l=g ksyaph lsrsu oekqus fokq,enq oskh f,i ie,lsh hq;af;a ta ksyaph lsrsu ta ;eke;a;dg,shdmosxps ;eme,a u.ska ;eme,a lrkq,enq oskh h' 35' wruqo, mßmd,kh lsíu iusnkaofhka jq ish f,alk" wdld;s m;% yd jdr jdra;d kshu lrkq,eìh hq;= h' ork mk;ska ixfydaokh ù ork mk;ska ixfydaokh ù f,alk" wdld;s m;% yd jdr jd¾;d'

25 25 IV jk fldgi ukav,fha ldrah ukav,h 36' ^1& iajlsh lra;jhhka ldrahlaiu f,i bgq lsíu i`oyd wjyhhhs ukav,h úiska i,lkq,nkakd jq ks,orhka yd fiajlhka ukav,h úiska m;a lrkq,eìh yels h' ks,orhka yd fiajlhka m;a lsrsu ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a m;a lrkq,enq ks,orhka g yd fiajlhka g ukav,h úiska ksyaph lrkq,nk wdldrfhka yd wkqm%udk wkqj mdßy%ñl f.jkq,eìh hq;= w;r ukav,h úiska ksyaph lrkq,nk fiajd fldkafoaisj,g o Tjqka hg;a úh hq;= h' ^3& rdch fiajfha kshqla; hus ks,orhl=" ukav,fha b,a,su msg ta ks,orhdf.a iy rdch mßmd,k úihh mjrkq,en we;s wud;hjrhdf.a wud;hdxyfha f,alusjrhdf.a o leue;a; we;sj" ukav,h úiska tjeks leue;a; we;sj ksyaph lrkq,nk ld, isudjla i`oyd ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq,eìh yels h ; ke;fyd;a ta ldrah ukav,hg iaórj m;a lrkq,eìh yels h' ^4& rdch fiajfha kshqla; hus ks,orhl= ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq,enq wjia:djl" cd;sl rdch indfjs 1978 wxl 19 ork.ukd.uk ukav, mkf;ys 13 jk j.ka;sfha ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sfhys úêúodk wjyh fjkia lsíus iys;j" ta ks,orhdg iy Tyq iusnkaofhka wod< úh hq;= h' ^5& rdch fiajfha kshla; hus ks,orhl= ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg iaórj m;a lrkq,enq wjia:djl" cd;sl rdch indfjs 1978 wxl 19 ork.ukd.uk ukav, mkf;a 13 jk j.ka;sfha ^3& jk Wmj.ka;sfhys úêúodk wjyh fjkia lsíus iys;j" ta ks,orhdg iy Tyq iusnkaofhka wod< úh hq;= h' ^6& ksyañ; ld, isudjla i`oyd wdkavqjg fiajh lsíug tl`. ù hus ;eke;a;l= ukav,h úiska fiajfhys fhdojd.kq,nk wjia:djl" ta ;eke;a;d úiska ukav,hg fiajh lrkq,nk hus ld, isudjla ta.súiqfus ne` us bgq lsífus ldrahh i`oyd wdkavqjg lrkq,nk fiajh f,i i,lkq,eìh hq;= h'

26 26 ^7& ukav,fha b,a,su msg m<d;a md,k fiajfha hus idudðlhl= fyda hus m<d;a md,k wdh;khl fjk;a hus ks,orhl= fyda fiajlhl=" wjia:dfjdañ; mßè" ta idudðlhdf.a" ks,orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a iy m<d;a md,k fiajd WmfoaYl ukav,fha fyda m<d;a md,k wdh;kfha leue;a; we;sj" tjeksu leue;al we;sj" ukav,h úiska ksyaph lrkq,eìh yels ld, isudjla i`oyd" ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq,eìh yels h ke;fyd;a" wjia:dfjdañ; mßè" úy%du jegqma fyda wra:idol wruqo,a whs;sjdislus ms<sn`o kshuhka yd fldkafoais o we;=`:j ukav,h yd m<d;a md,k fiajd WmfoaYl ukav,h fyda ta m<d;a md,k wdh;kh úiska.sjsi.kq,eìh yels úy%du jegqma fyda wra:idol wruqo,a whs;sjdislus ms<sn`o kshuhka yd fldkafoais msg ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg iaórj m;a lrkq,eìh yels h' ^8& ukav,fha b,a,su msg" rdch ixia:djl hus ks,orhl= fyda fiajlhl=" ta ks,orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a leue;a; we;sj" tjeksu leue;a; we;sj ukav,h úiska ksyaph lrkq,eìh yels ld,isudjla i`oyd ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq,eìh yels h ke;fyd;a úy%du jegqma fyda wra:idol wruqo,a whs;sjdislus ms<sn`o kshuhka yd fldkafoais o we;=`:j ukav,h iy tls rdch ixia:dj úiska.súi.kq,eìh yels úy%du jegqma fyda wra:idol wruqo,a whs;sjdislï ms<sn`o kshuhka yd fldkafoais msg ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg iaórj m;a lrkq,eìh yels h' ^9& ^7& jk Wmj.ka;sh fyda ^8& jk Wmj.ka;sh wkqj hï ;eke;a;l= ukav,fha ldrah ukav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq,enq wjia:djl" ta ldrah ukav,fha fjk;a hus idudðlhl= hg;a jk úkh md,khg u ta ;eke;a;d hg;aúh hq;= h' ukav,h úsiska fyda th úsiska n,h fokq,enq ks,orhl= úsiska fiajdfhdaclg úodk ksl=;a l, yels nj V jk fldgi úúo lrekq 37' ukaav,h úiska fyda th úsiska n,h fokq,enq hï kss,orhl= úiska fyda úsodkhla lsrsfuka ta úsodkfhys i`oyka lrkq,nk oskhlg fmr ukav,h fyda ta ks,orhd fj;

27 27 ^w& ta úsodkfhys i`oyka lrkq,nk ta fiajdfhdaclf.a ish,q fiajdkshqla;hka fyda hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iusnkaofhka úia;r we;=<;a jdr jd¾;djla ^wd& ta fiajdfhdacl úsiska imhkq,enq hï jdr jd¾;djl we;=,;a hï úsia;r iusnkaofhka ta jsodkfhys i`oyka lrkq,nk hï f;dr;=rla fyda meyeos,s lsrsula iy ^we& ta fiajdfhdacl úsiska ;nd.; hq;= njg fï mk;ska fyda fjk;a hï ks;shla hgf;a fyda kshu lrkq,enq hï f,alkhl ke;fyd;a jd¾;djl i;h msgm;la fyda WOD;hla fyda ta f,alkfha ke;fyd;a jd¾;dfõ hï fldgila ork mk;ska ixfydaokh ù imhk f,i fiajdfhdaclhl=g jsodk lrkq,ensh yels h' meyeryers fiajdfhdaclhka úihfhys wêndrhla mekjsu 37 w odhl uqo,a j,g wod< jdr jdra;djla imhk f,i fï mk;ska fyda ta hgf;a idokq,enq hï ksfhda.hlska fyda ukav,h jsiska ksl=;a lrkq,enq hus jsodkhlska kshu lrkq,enq" fiajd fhdaclhl=" tls mkf;a" ksfhda.fha fyda jsodkfha i`oyka ld,isudj we;=<; ta jdra;dj iemhsu meyer yershfyd;a fyda idjoh fyda wiusmqrak jdra;djla iemhqjfyd;a iy tls ld, isudj we;=<;" wjia:dfjdañs; mrsos" ta jd¾;dj iemhsu meyer yersug fyda idjoh fyda wiusmq¾k jd¾;djla iemhsug fya;=j ukav,hg ta;a;= hk mrsos ke;fyd;a ;;a ld¾hh i`oyd ukav,h jsiska n,h fokq,enq ks,orhl=g ta;a;= hk mrsos oelaùug ta fiajdfhdaclhdg fkdyels jqjfyd;a" ta jdra;dj iemhsh hq;= jkafka hï oskhl os o ke;fyd;a hus oskhlg fmr o" tosk isg h:d mrsos iïmq¾k iy ksrjoh jdra;djla ukav,h fj;,efnk oskh olajd ld,h fjkqfjka ta jd¾;djg iusnkao odhl uqo,a m%udkh iusnkaofhka ieu iïmq¾k udihlg fyda bka fldgilg ishhg tl ne.ska jq wêndrhla wruqo,g f.ùug ta fiajdfhdaclhd hg;a jkafka h' 1993 wxl 18 ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js

28 28 38' ukav,fha hï idudcslhl= úiska ke;fyd;a ukav,h úsiska my; oelafjk ld¾h i`oyd,shús,a,lska n,h fokq,enq hï ks,orhl= úiska fï mkf;a ld¾h i`oyd ^w& hus fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a bmehsusj,g wod< hus f,alkhla fyda jd¾;djla mrslaid lsrsu i`oyd osjd fydaa rd;%s ld,fha ish,q hqla;siy.; fjs,djkays os hus ia:dkhlg fyda ;eklg we;=,ajs mrslaid lsrsu ia:dk wdosh mrslaid lsrsu ukav,fha idudcslhl= fyda n,h,;a ks,orhl= i;= n,;,' ^wd& tjeks hus f,alkhl fyda jdra;djl fyda bka fldgil msgm;a.eksu ^we& fiajdfhdaclhl= fyda fiajdkshqla;hl= njg jsyajdi lsrsug ;udg idodrk fya;= we;s hus ;eke;a;l= mrslaid lsrsu iy ^we& hus wra: idol wruqo,lg f.jkq,nk odhl uqo,aj,g wod< hus jdra;d fyda fjk;a f,alk mrslaid lsrsu l< yels h' 39' ^w& fus mkf;a jsosjsodk fyda ta hgf;a idok,o hus ksfhda. lsisjla lv lrk fyda ta wkqj l%shd lsrsu meyer yrsk fyda jeros iy okavk ^wd& fus mk; hgf;a lrk,o ke;fyd;a fok,o hus jsodkhla fyda kshuhla fyda wkqj l%shd lsrsu meyer yrsk fyda ^we& fus mkf;a 37 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a iemhsug kshu lrkq,enq hus jdr jdra;djla fyda f;dr;=rla wi;h nj oekoeku imhk fyda iemhsug i,iajk ieu ;eke;a;l= u" jrola lrk w;r" ufyaia;%d;ajrhl= bosrsfha os jrolre lrkq,enq jsg" remsh,a tla oyila fkd blaujk ovhlg fyda udi yhla fkdblaujk ld,hla fohdldrfhka tla wdldrhl jq nkaokd.dr.; lsrsulg fyda ta ovh iy nkaokd.dr.; lsrsu hk o`vqjus folg u fyda Tyq hg;a jsh hq;= h'

29 29 40' fus mk; hgf;a jq hus jrola mqoa., ukav,hla jsiska isoq lrkq,nk wjia:djl ^w& ta mqoa., ukav,h ixia:d.; ukav,hla kus ta ixia:d.; ukav,fha ieu wohlaijrfhla u iy ks,orfhla u" ^wd ta mqoa., ukav,h jhdmdrsl wdh;khla kus ta jhdmdrsl wdh;kfha ieu yjq,alrefjla u" ^we& ta mqoa., ukav,h jd;a;sh ix.uhla kus ta jd;a;sh ix.ufha ieu ks,orfhla u" ixia:d.; lrk,o fyda ixia:dms; lrkq fkd,enq mqoa., ukav, jsiska isoq lrk,o jeros iusnkaofhka we;eus ;eke;a;kaf.a j.lsu ^we& ta mqoa., ukav,h ixia:d.; lrkq fkd,enq mqoa., ukav,hla jk wjia:djl" ta ixia:d.; lrkq fkd,enq ukav,fha indm;s" l<ukdlre" f,alus iy fjk;a ieu ks,orfhla u" ta jrog jrolre f,i i,lkq,ensh hq;= h: tfia jqj o ta jro isoq lrk,oafoa ;udf.a oekqu fkdue;sj nj fyda ta jro isoq lsrsu je<elajsu msksi ;ud ksis Woafhda.fhka l%shd l< nj fyda hus ;eke;a;l= jsiska Tmamq lrkq,enqjfyd;a Tyq ta jrog jrolre f,i i,lkqq fkd,ensh hq;= h' ukav,fha idudcslhka" ks,orhka iy fiajlhka i`oyd wdrlaidj 40w' idudcslhdf.a" ks,orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a n,;, l%shd;aul lsrsfuys,d hk mrsl,amkh u; fyda fus mk; hgf;a ;udf.a ldrah bgq lsrsfuys,d fyda ioandjfhka l%shd lsrsfus os ukav,fha hus idudcslhl=" ks,orhl= fyda fiajlhl= jsiska lrk,o fyda fkdlr yrsk,o lssisjla iusnkaofhka ta idudcslhd" ks,orhd fyda fiajlhd isjs,a ne`osulg fyda idmrdos ne`osulg hg;a fkdjkafka h' ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js 40wd' idudcslhdf.a" ks,orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a jsiudpdrh fyda fps;kdkajs; meyer yersu fya;=fldgf.k isoqjs hehs ukav,h jsiska i,lkq,nk w,dn iy jshous yer" ukav,fha ieu idudcslhl=" ks,orhl= fyda fiajlhl= jsiska Tyqf.a ldrah bgq lsrsfus os fyda bgq lsrsu yd iusnkaofhka fyda ork,o ish,q w,dn iy jshoï i`oyd" ta idudcslhdg" ks,orhdg fyda fiajlhdg wruqo,ska ydksmqrkh l< hq;= h'

30 30 ukav,fha,så; wkqu;h fkdue;sj jrola i`oyd kvq mjrkq fkd,eìh hq;= nj' 41' ukav,fha,så; wkqu;h u.ska fyda,så; wkqu;h we;sj fyda yer" fï mk; hgf;a jrola iïnkaofhka lsisu kvq mejrsula lrkq fkd,ensh hq;= h' fus mk; hgf;a kvq mejrsula isús,a kvqjlg ndodjla fkdjk nj' ksfhda.' 42' fï mk; hgf;a hï jrola i`oyd hï ;eke;a;l=g úreoaoj fï mk; hgf;a mjrkq,enq lsisu kvqjla fï mk;ska Woa.; jk hï lrekla iïnkaofhka ta ;eke;aa;dg úreoaoj mjrkq,enq hï isú,a kvqjlg ndodjla fkdúh hq;= h' 43' ^1& wud;hjrhd jsiska ^w& kshus; ldrkd jyfhka fus mkf;a i`oyka fyda fus mk;ska kshu lr we;s fyda ish,q ldrkd iusnkaofhka ^wd& ksfhda. ieosug fus mk;ska kshu lr fyda n,h os fyda we;af;a hus ldrkd iusnkaofhkao" ta ish,q ldrkd iusnkaofhka ^we& fus mk; hgf;a odhl uqo,a iy fjk;a f.jsus tl;= lsrsug iusnkao fyda Bg wdkqidx.sl jk ish,q ldrkd iusnkaofhka ^we& jerosulska wruqo,g f.jk,o hus uqo,a m%udk wdmiq f.jsu iusnkaofhka ^b& fus mk; hgf;a hus m%;s,dnshl=g ysuslus mdkakl= jk orejl= ke;fyd;a ;;ald,fhys l%shd lsrsug fkdyels jsh yels ;eke;a;l= fjkqfjka" fus mk; hgf;a ysuslus mdk ;eke;a;l= jsiska l%%shd;aul lsrsug ysuslus,ensh yels jq hus whs;sjdislula l%shd;aul lsrsu i`oyd ;eke;a;l= m;a lsrsug yels jkq msksi iy ysuslus mdk ;eke;a;l= ysuslus,nk ta m%;s,dnh Ndr.ekSug iy ta iusnkaofhka iqoqiailaa lsrsug tfia m;a lrkq,nk ;eke;al=g n,h osu msksi ^B& wruqof,ys" hus idudcslhl=f.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfus ta idudcslhdf.a nerg we;s uqo," ta idudcslhdf.a urkh isoq jqjfyd;a f.jkq,ensh yels ;eke;;al= fyda ;eke;a;ka ta idudcslhd jsiska kus lsrsu iy ta kus lsrsu m%;hdosiag lsrsfus wdldrh iusnkaofhka

31 31 ^W& fus mk; hgf;a jq hus m%;s,dnhlg ysuslus meu ms<sn`o ;SrKh wnshdpkdoslrkh jsiska iudf,dapkh lrkq,nk f;la" ta m%;s,dnh m%odkh lsrsu w;aysgqjsu i`oyd ^W!& fus mk; hgf;a iudf,dapkhla fyda wnshdpkhla ms<sn`o hus ;SrKhla n,meje;ajsh hq;af;a ke;fyd;a n,meje;ajsh hq;= f,i i,lkq,ensh hq;af;a hus oskhl isg o ta oskh iusnkaofhka ^t& fus mk; hgf;a lrk,o hus ;SrKhla hgf;a fyda hus ksfhda.hl jsosjsodk m%ldr hus ;eke;l=g f.jk,o tfy;a f.jkq fkd,ensh yels njg miqj ;SrKh lrkq,enq hus uqo,la ksis f,i f.jk,o njg ie,lsu i`oyd fyda ta uqo, ta ;eke;a;d jsiska wdmiq f.jsu i`oyd fyda Tyqf.ka wh lr.eksu i`oyd ^ta& fus mkf;a jsosjsodk l%shd;aul lsrsfus os fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq,enq ks,orhka g iy fiajlhkag osukd f.jsu iy ta osukd wd.kkh lsrsfus l%uh iusnkaofhka kssfhda. idokq,ensh yels h' ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a wud;hjrhd jsiska idokq,nk ieu ksfhda.hla u.eigs m;%fha m< lrkq,ensh hq;= w;r" tfia m< lrkq,enq jsg" fyda ksfhda.fha i`oyka lrkq,nk hus miq oskhl fyda th l%shd;aul jsh hq;= h' ^3& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a wud;hjrhd jsiska idokq,nk ieu ksfhda.hla u th m< lrkq,ensfuka miq yels myiq blaukska" wkqu;h i`oyd mdra,sfuska;=j fj; bosrsm;a lrkq,ensh hq;= h' tfia wkqu; lrkq fkd,enq hus ksfhda.hla th hgf;a l,ska lrk,o lsisjl=g ydkshla fkdue;sj tys wkkqu;fha osk isg mrspspskak lrkq,enq f,i i,lkq,ensh hq;= h' w¾: ksremkh 44' mo iïnkaofhka wkhd¾:hla wjyh jqjfyd;a ñi" fus mkf;ys h:d mrsos ixhqla; lrk,o ffjoh ukav,h hkafkka hus ;eke;a;ka jsiska bosrsm;a lrk,o ffjoh iy;sl idodrk ielhla u;= lrhs o" ta ;eke;a;ka mrslaid lsrsfus ldrah i`oyd" ukav,fha indm;sjrhd jsiska lrk b,a,sula wkqj fi!lh fiajd

32 32 wohlai ckrd,ajrhd jsiska kus lrk,o ffjoh ukav,hla woyia fõ bmehsï hkafkka my; oelafjk foa woyia fõ: ^w& fõ;k" jegqma fyda.dia;= ; ^wd&ôjk úhoï Èukdj" úfyai Ôjk úhoï ukd iy fjk;a hï ukd; ^we& ksjdvq Èk iïnkaofhka lrkq,nk f.ùï; 1993 wxl 18 orkfiajd kshla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a 3 ^ixfydaok& mk; ^we& fiajl w¾:idol wruqo,a mk; hgf;a idokq,enq ksfhda.j,ska úêúodk i,iajd we;s mßè"fiajd fhdaclhd úiska fiajfha kshqla; fldg we;s fiajd kshqla;hkag imhkq,enq msisk,o fyda fkdmsisk,o hï wdydrhla ñ,g.eksfï f.jk,o jákdlï iy tfia imhk,o hï wdydrhla ms<sfh< lsífï fyda ixfhda. lsífï Ndjs;d lrk,o hï øjhhla ñ,g.eksfï f.jk,o jákdlu" ;j o" ta jákdlu lïlre flduidßiajrhd fj; wnshdpkh lrkq,eîug hg;aj"fiajdfhdaclhd úiska ;lafiare lrkq,eìh hq;= w;r"tjeks wnshdpkhla iïnkaofhka lïlre flduidßiajrhdf.a ;SrKh wjidkd;aul jkafkah' ^b& wdydr i`oyd Èukd ; iy ^B& fiajl w¾: idol wruqo,a mk; hgf;a idokq,enq ksfhda.j,ska kshñ; fjk;a wdldrfha mdßy%ñl ; fiajd kshqla;hd hkafkka" fiajd kshqla;sh ms<sn`o.súiqu m%ldys; fyda.uh udk ke;fyd;a jdñl fyda,så;j jqjo ta.súiqu fiajh iïnkaofhka fyda wdoqksl;ajh iïnkaofhka fyda.súiqula jqjo ke;fyd;a Y%uh iïnkaofhka jq hï jevla fm!oa.,slju l%shd;aul lsíu msksi jq.súiqula jqjo ljr jq fyda hï ;;ajhlska fiajd fhdaclhl= iu..súiqulg we;=`m jq fyda.súiqula hgf;a jevlrk hï ;eke;a;l= woyia jk w;r hï ;eke;af;l= hï úfyai wjia:djl fiajfhys kshqla; jqjo fiajfhys kshqla; fkdjqjo tjeks hï.súiqula hgf;a idudkhfhka fiajfhys kshqla; ta ;eke;a;d o Bg we;=,;a fõ; ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js we;

33 33 fiajdfhdacl hkafkka" hï lïlrejl== fiajfha kshqla; lrk hus ;eke;af;l= fyda hus ;eke;a;l= úiska fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= fjkqfjka lïlrejl= fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq,efí o ta fjk;a hï ;eke;a;d fyda woyia jk w;r" fiajdfhdacl ukav,hla ^ta ukav,h"jhdmdßl wdh;khla" iud.ula" ixia:dj"m<d;a md,k wdh;kh fyda jd;a;sh ius;shla jqj o& ta ukav,h o fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= fjkqfjka hï lïlrejl= fiajfha kshqla; lrk hï ;eke;a;l= Bg we;=,;a fõ';jo hï,så; ks;shla hgf;a wdkavqj fj; i;= lrkq,enq fj<`o wdh;khl ksis n,orhl="ks;hdkql+, Wreulre"kS;sh wkqj wkqm%dma;slhd fmd,au#ldrhl= fyda woañksia;%dislrejl= iy iud.ul wejrlreo we;=<;a fõ; ;jo ixia:d.; fkdl, ukav,hla iusnkaofhka jk úg ta ukav,fhaindm;sjrhd fyda f,alusjrhd o"yjq,a jhdmdrhla iusnkaofhka jk úg tys l<ukdldr yjq,alrejl= fyda l<ukdlrejl= o we;=,;a fjs ; m<d;a md,k wdh;kh hkafkka hï uy k.r indjla" k.r indjla" fyda m%ddfoaysh indjla woyia jk w;r ta hï indjla úiska l%shd;aul lrk" lrk yd bgqlrk hï n,;,j,g" ldarhj,g fyda l¾;jhj,g wkqrem fyda iudk n,;,"ld¾h iy l¾;jh l%shd;aul lsßu" lsíu iy bgqlsíu i`oyd hï ks;shla u.ska fyda hgf;a we;s lrk,o yd msysgqjk,o ljr fyd wêldßhla Bg we;=,;a fõ; ork m;ska ixfydaokh js 1993 wxl 18 ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js we; ixl%uksl lïlrejd hkafkka Y%S,xldfõ mqrjeishl= jkakd jq tfy;a Y%S,xldfjka msg; fiajfhys kshqla;j we;s hï ;eke;af;la" tfia fiajfhys kshqla;j we;s ;dla l,a woyia fõ ; ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js we; kshñ; hkafkka"ksfhda.hla u.ska kshu lsíu woyia fõ ; fm!oa.,sl wxyfha jhjidh hkafkk"a fm!oa.,sl wxyfha fiajd fhdclhl= úiska mj;ajd f.k hkq,nk hï jhjidhla iy iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;l= úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq,nk hï jhhidhla woyia fõ;

34 34 rdch ixia:djz hkafkka" iud.us wd{dmk; hgf;a yer fjk;a huslsis,sls; ks;shlska fyda,sls; ks;shla hgf;a msysgqjk,oaod jq o wdkavqj jsiska m%odkhla fyda Khla jyfhka ke;fyd;a fjk;a wdldrhlska uq`: wruqo, fyda uq`: m%d.aokh ke;fyd;a wruqof,ka fldgila fyda m%d.aokfhka fldgila fyda imhkq,nkakdjq o ixia:djl" ukav,hla fyda fjk;a wdh;khla woyia fjs ;,shdmosxps ffjoh jd;a;slh hkafkka" ffjoh wd{dmk; hgf;a,shdmosxps jq ffjoh jd;a;slhl= fyda 1961 wxl 31 ork wdhq¾fjso mk; hgf;a,shdmosxps jq wdhqrafjso ffjoh jd;a;slhl= fyda woyia fjs ; rdch jhjidh hkafkka hus rdch ixia:djla fyda hus,sls; ks;shla hgf;a wdkavqj i;= lrkq,enq hus fjf<`o jhjidhla fyda ta ixia:dj fyda fjf<`o jhjidfha YdLdjla fyda fldgila fyda woyia fjs' wka;¾ld,sk úêúsodk' m%odk m%{dma;sfha l=ula i`oykaj ;snqk o" ^w& 1978 wxl 16 ork úyaj úohd, mk; u`.ska msysgqjk,o úyaj úohd, m%;smdok fldñika indfõ fyda ta mkf;a w¾:dkql+, Wiia wodhdmk wdh;khl fyda; ^wd& 1971 wxl 19 ork cd;sl wdoqksl;aj mk; u`.ska msysgqjk,o cd;sl woqksl;aj ukav,fha fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fm!oa.,sl.skqfï nerg" fï mk; l%shd;aul ùu wdrïn jk Èkfha we;s uqo," fï mk; l%shd;aul ùu wdrïn jk Èkfha isg udi yhla we;=<; ta fiajd kshqla;hdg ukav,h úiska f.jkq,eìh hq;=h ' ork mk;ska ixfydaokh js wkkql=,;djhla we;sjqjfyd;a" túg isxy, NdId mdgh n,meje;aúh hq;=h' fï mkf;a isxy, iy fou< NdId mdg w;r hï wkkql+,;djhla we;sjqjfyd;a" túg isxy, NdId mdgh n,meje;aúh hq;=h' 1993 wxl 18 ork m;ska ixfydaokh js