Notified Body Office, VUZ a.s. Novodvorská 1698, Praha 4, Czech Republic

Transcription

1 RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference Electrmagnetic cmpatibility at train-track track interface - lw frequency dmain Karel Beneš Ntified Bdy Office, VUZ a.s. Nvdvrská 1698, Praha 4, Czech Republic benesk@cdvuz.cz, RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

2 Train-track interface lw frequency enc dmain Lw frequency up t 20 khz RAILCOM space fr lw frequency dmain WP2 WP2 = Cmpatibility between vehicles and track circuits Main bjectives: Prvide a set f fully validated characteristics and technically sund testing methds and appraches t achieve and demnstrate electrmagnetic cmpatibility between vehicles and track circuits fr future interperable lines The specificatin and methds shall becme generally accepted and recmmended tls fr the design and acceptance prcesses (Eurpean Standards) RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

3 Main slved tasks I Inventry f pssible interference mechanisms influencing track circuits Selectin f the knwledge gaps t be slved in relatin t future harmnisatin: Fcus n a harmnised rlling stck test methd Remark CENELEC WGA4-2 selectin f a list f existing track circuits intended t be used as interperable including their limits defined pursuant t existing natinal rules and methds Inputs necessary t cver knwledge gaps related t the vehicle test methd and further EMC aspects have been discussed with CENELEC WGA4-2 (inputs t pr15360/en ) RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

4 Main slved tasks II Selected knwledge gaps: Characterisatin f interperable test infrastructure Summatin rules Transient effects influencing track circuits Time vs. frequency dmain analyses RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

5 Main slved tasks III Prpsal f the structure f the unified test methds fr vehicles Selectin f suitable vehicle and netwrk cnfiguratins fr tests t cver knwledge gaps related t characterisatin f interperable test infrastructure Analyses and evaluatin f data recrded during the test campaigns Specificatin f the prpsals f the unified test methds fr vehicles inputs t pr15360/en RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

6 Characterisatin f interperable test infrastructure I Requirements t the cmpatibility test infrastructure are nt harmnised in Eurpe Main gal simplificatin f vehicle cmpatibility measurements. Cmpatibility test infrastructure characteristics have t be knwn and defined well Measurements shuld be dne nly nce per pwer supply system RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

7 Characterisatin f interperable test infrastructure II Imprtant parts (seen frm the train) in the characterisatin f the infrastructure: Surce vltage versus frequency Impedance versus frequency Theretical system analysis Test campaigns: Verificatin f theretical ti results Identificatin f surce vltage in different netwrks (i.e. mainly influence f ther trains) RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

8 Summatin rules I Multiple surces (N) in ne train: Synchrnised t cmmn reference K=N Synchrnisatin t Line frequency Cmmn internal clck Examples: Harmnics frm substatin Steps in line vltage Nn-interlaced PWM harmnics synchrnus t AC line vltage Synchrnised t independent clcks K = f(n) Synchrnisatin t Independent clcks Mtr angular psitin Examples: Harmnics frm fixed frequency PWM Mtr inverter harmnics with phase depending n the mtr angular psitin nly Cmpletely uncrrelated K = N N synchrnisatin at all Examples: High rder harmnics, depending d n cnverter parameters Interference frm pantgraph bunces, neutral sectins, gaps RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

9 Summatin rules II RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009 Table and figure valid fr PWM cnverters UIC550 valid fr harmnics generated by dide and phase angle cntrlled cnverters

10 Transient effects influencing track circuits Include bth slw and rapid changes f peratin pints f a device and the crrespnding shape f a signal, e.g. the return current f a train The full signal prcessing methd can be defined as: In time dmain: filter functin,,plus averaging gmethd and time windw In frequency dmain: windw length and verlap time, windwing functin, frequency reslutin filter functin (r number f lines) t build RMS value f the signal Remark - If ne f these parameters is nt clearly defined, results f an interference current evaluatin are unclear and may vary frm applicatin t applicatin RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

11 Time vs. frequency dmain analyses Requirement t deal with bth steady state and transient behaviur Methds available: Time dmain analyses track circuit it centre frequencies, current limit at the centre frequency which als encmpasses currents at all influencing frequencies within the bandwidth f the filter using RMS technique, filter curve and integratin time have t be knwn Frequency dmain analyses used fr existing and new audi frequency track circuits with an integratin time f 0.5 secnds RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

12 Track circuits test signals I T cnfirm and prve cmpatibility f track circuits and railway vehicles a set f typical test signals has been prpsed These test signals are intended t be used fr (future) interperable track circuits first f all Demnstratin f immunity f track circuits against transients RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

13 Track circuits test signals II Test f steady state behaviur against the whle frequency range between supply frequency and 20 khz, t check the validity f the filter curve Test f transient behaviur with typical wavefrms f the return current f a train: Filter pre-charging g current Transfrmer inrush current Ramp up f tractin pwer Lss f lad Sinus f variable frequency RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

14 Unified test methds fr vehicles I Influencing units cnfiguratins under which the train has t be measured: Cmpletely switched ff (reference measurement) Auxiliaries nly Auxiliaries plus train busbar Tractin in nrmal cnfiguratin, n train busbar Tractin in nrmal cnfiguratin plus train busbar All credible degraded mdes (e.g. ne bgie ut f peratin) which might ccur during peratin Faults inside the influencing unit and crrespnding effects are nt within the scpe f this specificatin RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

15 Unified test methds fr vehicles II Operating cnditins fr measurements: Start-up and switching ff f vehicle at standstill Running thrugh neutral sectins (AC) r gaps (DC) Acceleratin / braking at 100 % and 50 % f available tractive effrt / pwer limitatin Cnditins with wrst case interference generatin shall be included in these test cycles Abrupt changes f tractive / braking effrt, bth perated manually and by autmatic speed cntrl (if applicable) Casting at different speeds Acceleratin and braking (100 %) under bad adhesin RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

16 Unified test methds fr vehicles III Effects f current cllectr bunces All abve cycles in the frm f shrt test runs. Each cycle shall be carried ut three times t give cnfidence that the results are reprducible Infrastructure requirements fr measurements: Verificatin measurements fr characterisatin t be dne n a test t track as pre-test t fr peratin in nrmal netwrk; therefre, cnditins n infrastructure side must be knwn and cntrlled, but a fully clsed line sectin is nt mandatry Infrastructure requirements fr avidance f duplicatin f tests in different cuntries RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

17 Unified test methds fr vehicles IV Test setup fr measurements (hardware): Separate current sensr at cmmn feeding pint (pantgraph) fr all n-bard equipment f ne influencing unit Anti aliasing filter Digital recrding device (DAT recrder, PC based r ther electrnic equipment); extractin f selected parts f a test run and cnversin t digital data files in a widely used frmat (ASCII, Matlab,...) must be pssible easily Reslutin f A/D cnversin at least 16 bit, with the target f 24 bit (depending n interference limit t fundamental current rati) Accuracy f the whle chain (with respect t individual limits) 5 % r better RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

18 Unified test methds fr vehicles V Useful frequency 20 khz, i.e. sampling rate 48 khz fr the current channel. Higher useful frequencies may be required in sme cuntries if crrespnding trackside equipment exists Additinal recrding f vehicle status and lcatin (speed, tractive effrt, line vltage fundamental, kilmetrage etc.), with an adequate (eventually lwer) time reslutin, but easy link t current signal must be pssible during measurement and fr pst prcessing and evaluatin Verificatin f the measurement chain in the train under test required prir t the measurements RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

19 Unified test methds fr vehicles VI Evaluatin methd: Time dmain analysis and FFT FFT On-line visualisatin f spectrum, n-line cmparisn with gabarit Detailed evaluatin f cmpatibility with each track circuit channel in time dmain except FFT fr DC r AC 50 Hz supply & track circuit respnse time 500 ms Cmpatibility is reached if the limit is never exceeded fr lnger time than specified fr the crrespnding track circuit In case f nn-cmpatibility: the time spans where the limit is exceeded will be analysed using the spectrum (FFT), which shall shw the cause f the exceedance All evaluatin is dne digitally it RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

20 Unified test methds fr vehicles VII Dcumentatin: The measured data shall be stred in an easily accessible, digital frmat r must be cnvertible easily fr further evaluatin als nce the tests have been cmpleted and the vehicle is accepted Overall schematics diagram (tractin and auxiliaries) Main parameters f the pwer circuits and cnverters Descriptin f test equipment used Definitin f infrastructure n which the tests were perfrmed Descriptin f test cnditins (lad, travelling directin, weather, etc.) RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

21 Unified test methds fr vehicles VIII One typical steady state spectrum fr each cnfiguratin with indicatin f the crrespnding peratin pint Peak hld spectrum per test cycle (excluding majr transients) Speed, tractive effrt and line vltage as well as time dmain results fr each track circuit channel (utput f evaluatin methd as defined abve) versus time fr each test cycle RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

22 Test campaign Characterisatin f the infrastructure several railway infrastructures within Eurpe with respect t the surce vltage versus frequency by registratin f the catenary vltages Measurements and further data evaluatin: Test campaigns in several Eurpean cuntries Germany, Switzerland, France, Pland, data frm Italy Test cnditins different railway vehicles (ICE, Re 460, TGV, E 499.3), different infrastructure cnditins (lw/high traffic density, clse/far frm substatins) A PC based autnmus data-acquisitin system Data evaluatin based n time dmain analyses and bandpass filtering RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

23 Further steps? Reasnable frequency management between track circuits and railway vehicles (as a lngterm future idea) pssibility t reduce number f track circuit types used fr interperable lines available frequency bands fr the tractin units culd be extended Harmnisatin f natinal differences in definitin f basic requirements and cnditins f track circuit parameters this step wuld allw t define track circuits limits n the same bases and, subsequently, have the harmnised Eurpean track circuits it limits it fr given track circuit classes RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009

24 End f presentatin Thank yu fr yur kind attentin RAILCOM Final Reprting Interactive Cnference, Paris - UIC, 21st April 2009