A Practical Primer On Motor Drives (Part 1): What New Design Engineers Need To Know

Transcription

1 ISSUE: February 2016 A Practical Primer On Mtr Drives (Part 1): What New Design Engineers Need T Knw by Ken Jhnsn, Teledyne LeCry, Chestnut Ridge, N.Y. Many excellent textbks have been written n the subject f mtr drives. But mst f these require prerequisite knwledge and/r are difficult surces f basic understanding fr newcmers. While there is als useful infrmatin n the internet, such material is typically aimed at narrw applicatins r specific prducts and markets. In additin, many f the public dmain materials lack real-wrld examples that are vital t gain a full understanding f the tpic. Bth textbks and the internet are mre useful reference surces given a brad verview. This article series aims t prvide such an verview by explaining the basics f a mtr drive frm the input signals (ac line inputs) thrugh mtr shaft sensing (mechanical pwer) and all relevant areas in between. It targets newcmers t these fields desiring a brad verview befre seeking deeper technical infrmatin frm ther surces. Amng the newcmers this series targets are: Engineering students wh are just beginning t learn abut the field Design engineers new t the field r wh wish t learn mre abut this field. This wuld include sftware (cntrl) engineers, inverter subsectin engineers, systems engineers, pwer semicnductr device engineers, and mtr engineers. Plant r field maintenance persnnel wh may wish t learn mre abut this tpic, but dn't wish t read a detailed textbk(s). Bradly speaking, these articles will address eight main tpics: AC line vltage and current Pwer semicnductrs Pwer cnversin systems Mtrs Variable-frequency mtr drives Sensing f mtr trque, speed, directin, and rtr-angle sensing Pwer measurements n sinusidal (ac line) wavefrms Pwer measurements n distrted wavefrms (e.g., pulse-width mdulated utputs frm drive systems). Naturally, within each f these tpics, there are many subtpics that need t be addressed in rder t prvide a slid fundatin in mtr drives. The fllwing utline lists the specific tpics that will be addressed in the subsequent parts f this article series. Part 2: Single-Phase AC Line Vltage Part 3: Three-Phase AC Line Vltage And Utility Vltage Classes Part 4: Single-phase AC Line Current Part 5: Three-phase AC Line Current And Winding Cnfiguratins 2016 Hw2Pwer. All rights reserved. Page 1 f 5

2 Part 6: AC Line Pwer Calculatins Pwer Cnsumed By Linear, Resistive Lads Pwer Used (Supplied And Cnsumed) By Linear, Nn-Resistive Lads Pwer Used (Supplied And Cnsumed) By Nn-Linear, Nn-Resistive Lads Single-Phase Wiring Cnfiguratins Part 7: Pwer Calculatins In Three-Phase Systems Part 8: Pwer Semicnductrs Pwer Semicnductr Device Operatin N-Channel And P-Channel Devices Pwer Semicnductr Device Materials Silicn (Si) Wide Bandgap Materials Pwer MOSFETs IGBTs IGCTs, GTOs, and SCRs Part 9: Pwer Semicnductrs As Implemented In Pwer Cnversin Devices Single Device Series Cnnectin (Half-Bridge) H-Bridge (Full-Bridge) Tplgy Cascaded H-Bridge Tplgy Multi-Level Tplgies Part 10: Mtr backgrund Basic Mtr Operatin Mtr Statr Ples And Slts Rtr Ple Pairs Mtr Operating Quadrants Part 11: AC And DC Mtr Types Inductin Mtrs (ACIM) Single-Phase ACIM 2016 Hw2Pwer. All rights reserved. Page 2 f 5

3 Three-Phase ACIM AC Permanent-Magnet Synchrnus Mtrs (PMSMs) Brushless DC (BLDC) Mtrs Brushed DC Mtrs Universal Mtrs AC (Wund-Rtr) Synchrnus Mtrs (ACSM) Switched Reluctance Mtrs (SRMs) Servmtrs Stepper Mtrs Part 12: Variable-Frequency Mtr Drives (VFDs) Architecture And Tplgies Input-Output Vltage Rating DC Bus (Link) Tplgies Pwer Semicnductr Devices VFD Inverter Subsectin Tplgy Pulse-Width Mdulatin Techniques Carrier-Based PWM Space Vectr (Pulse-Width) Mdulatin (SVM Or SVPWM) Part 13: Mtr Drive Cntrl Architecture And Algrithms Cntrl Architecture And Algrithm Overview Scalar V/Hz Cntrls Six-Step Cmmutatin (Trapezidal) Cntrl Vectr Flux- (Or Field-) Oriented (FOC) Cntrl Vectr Direct Trque Cntrl (DTC) Part 14: Pwer Measurements On Distrted Signals Advanced Cyclic Perid Detectin And Display Chsing A Sync Signal LPF Cutff Settings Hysteresis Band Settings 2016 Hw2Pwer. All rights reserved. Page 3 f 5

4 Sync Signal Display + Zm Simple Examples Fr Distrted Wavefrms Lng Acquisitins With Distrted Signals Part 15: Lw-Pass And Harmnic Filtering Of Pwer Measurements Analg Lw-Pass Filter Digital Lw-Pass Filter Selective Hardware PLL-based Harmnic Filter Selective Sftware-based FFT Digital Harmnic Filter Selective Sftware-based DFT Digital Harmnic Filter Examples Using A Selective Sftware-based DFT Digital Harmnic Filter Line-Reference Drive Output Vltage Prbing Cmbined With Harmnic Filtering Part 16: Trque, Speed, Psitin, And Directin Sensing Trque Sensrs (Lad Cells, Transducers) 0-x Vdc Output mv/v Output Analg Speed, Directin, Psitin Sensing Analg Tachmeter Signal Reslver Digital Speed, Directin, Psitin Sensing Pulse (Digital) Tachmeter Signal Hall Sensrs Quadrature Encder Interface (QEI) While this series prvides a fundatin in the subjects listed abve, readers wh fllw this series are encuraged t seek ut surces f mre-detailed infrmatin t expand their knwledge. Persns t numerus t mentin have assisted the authr by enhancing my understanding f these tpics. Fr thse wh prvided time in their labs r during a phne call, thank yu fr yur time and assistance. This article series wuld nt have been pssible withut yur help. If yu have any feedback r questins, find mistakes, r wuld like t suggest changes r additins, please d nt hesitate t cntact me. I especially welcme infrmatin related t specific and interesting applicatins f scillscpes in the areas described in this dcument Hw2Pwer. All rights reserved. Page 4 f 5

5 Abut The Authr Kenneth Jhnsn is a directr f marketing and prduct architect at Teledyne LeCry. He began his career in the field f high-vltage test and measurement at Hiptrnics, with a fcus n <69-kV electrical apparatus ac, dc and impulse testing with a particular fcus n testing f transfrmers, inductin mtrs and generatrs. In 2000, Ken jined Teledyne LeCry as a prduct manager and has managed a wide range f scillscpe, serial data prtcl and prbe prducts. He has three patents in the area f simultaneus physical layer and prtcl analysis. His current fcus is in the fields f pwer electrnics and mtr-drive test slutins, and wrks primarily in a technical marketing rle as a prduct architect fr new slutin sets in this area. Ken hlds a B.S.E.E. frm Rensselaer Plytechnic Institute. Fr further reading n mtr drives, see the Hw2Pwer Design Guide, lcate the Pwer Supply Functin categry, and click n the Mtr drives link Hw2Pwer. All rights reserved. Page 5 f 5