Study of Various Interleaved Boost Converter Controlling Techniques
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1 Sudy of Various Inerleaved Boos Converer Conrolling Techniques Mr. Sandip Ape 1, Mr.Ashfaque Khan 2 1Ass.Professor MIETR Wardha 2Ass.Professor Bhopal *** Absrac Renewable energy imporance increases all over he world. Conversion of power from one level o anoher level achieved by using power swiching devices. The performance of he converers mosly depends on is swiching process. For mainaining he volage a oupu consan irrespecive of variaions in C inpu volage and he load curren, a conrol sysem mus be required for he converer. This paper gives reviews of various conrol echniques for C-C Inerleaved Boos Converer for power level conversion. Various conrol schemes, including linear and nonlinear conrol. In addiion, various conrol echniques are compared in erms of heir respecive advanages and disadvanages. Keywords Boos Converer, Buck Converer, C-C Inerleaved Boos converer(ibc), PI conroller, Sliding Mode Conrol(SMC), Wind energy conversion sysem(wecs). I. INTROUCTION Imporance of renewable energy is increasing worldwide. Convenional fossil fuel has a limied reserve capaciy, high price and environmenal concerns. ue o his reason renewable energy is an alernaive source for convenional energy. Overall he world, exploraion and research communiy is discovering all opporuniies for he efficien energy conversion from freely available generous renewable energy sources [1]. Mos of he popular renewable energy sources wind energy conversion sysem (WECS) has gain more ineres due o is no carbon emission during operaion and less space requiremen [1]. From a fas few decades Wind energy conversion sysem (WECS) has been upgraded from he minimum ens of kilo was o numerous megawas. Overall he world invesmen in wind energy conversion sysem (WECS) is going o be expanded [2]. Power elecronics deals wih variey of converers ha are used no only for signal level bu more effecively for power level. The performance of he converers mosly depends on is swiching process. For mainaining he oupu volage consan irrespecive of variaions in C source volage Vin and he load curren required a conrol sysem for he converer [3]. A suiable C-C converer is proposed for exremely efficien renewable energy sysems. Inerleaved Boos Converer applied for renewable energy applicaions. The advanages of inerleaved boos converer are low inpu curren ripple, faser ransien response, and high efficiency, improved reliabiliy and decreased elecromagneic emission. C-C Boos Converers can be improved as beer componens are developed. This encourages invesigaion in he areas of conrollers for example o obain high performance conrol of a sysem for his a good model of he sysem is required [3]. This paper focus on he differen conrol echniques, including linear and nonlinear conrol, such as curren mode conrol, PI conrol and sliding mode conrol (SMC), model predicive conrol, fuzzy conrol, hybrid conrol, for C-C boos converers have been sudied [4]. Model predicive conrol (MPC) and fuzzy conrollers are nonlinear conrollers. These conrollers are effecive, mos are complex. These conrollers are difficul and expensive for pracical applicaion [4]. Now a day s curren-mode scheme and linear conrol mehods are mos commonly used for conrolling C-C boos converer bu designing of curren mode conroller is no easy and linear conrol effecs are limied [4]. II. CONVERTERS TOPOOGY A) C - C BOOST CONVERTER A boos converer also known as sep-up converer, i seps up he inpu C volage and gives high C volage a he oupu. Boos converer mainly consis of a swiching device like ransisor, diode and one elemen is for energy sorage. Ripple presen in he oupu volage reduce by connecing capacior a he oupu, many of he imes inducor are also conneced [5]. S U P S A P y Fig.1. Boos Converer O 2017, IRJET Impac Facor value: ISO 9001:2008 Cerified Journal Page 987
2 Boos converer operaes mosly of wo differen condiions: Swich S close and as a resuling in increase of inducor curren during he ON period When Swich is open, inducor curren flow hrough he flyback diode, load and he parallel combinaion of capacior during he OFF period. uring ON Period Capacior gained energy enables o ransfer o load [5]. The inpu volage is always greaer han he oupu volage; his can be seen from Eq. 2 S i is v I VS C S R V0 Vin C VC A Son O R Fig. 4. Buck Converer Fig. 2. ON Mode I V s-v 0 0 -V 0 i O Vin CVC A R i C Fig. 3. OFF Mode B) Buck Converer Buck converer is a sep down C-C converer as shown in fig. 4. Buck converer consiss of Vs as a dc volage source as inpu, inducor for filer, swich S, diode and resisive load R. Waveforms of he buck converer are shown in fig. 5, inducor curren is a all imes posiive as per assumpion. As per circui diagram when he swich S is on, he diode is reverse biased. When he swich S if OFF, diode is conduc o provide coninuous curren o he inducor. According o Faraday s law he inducor vol-second produc is zero, during he seady sae operaion. For he buck converer (VS VO)T = VO ( )T (1) So, he ransfer funcion of dc volage is given as he raio of he oupu volage and he inpu volage, is below given MV=VO/VS= (2) i S 0 2 T T 2T Fig. 5. Buck Converer Waveform C) Buck Boos Converer Buck-boos converer non isolaed opology is shown in fig. 6. Buck-boos converer is a cascade connecion of buck and boos converer. I consis of volage source S as inpu C volage, swich S, capacior C as a filer, diode and resisance R as a load. iode is OFF, when he swich S is on and he inducor curren increased. 2017, IRJET Impac Facor value: ISO 9001:2008 Cerified Journal Page 988
3 S i0 is i ic VS v C R V0 Fig. 6. Buck-Boos Converer MV=VO/VS= /( ) (4) The magniude of oupu volage can be higher or lower (same a = 0.5) han he inpu volage as per he converer name specified. V0 is he oupu volage which is negaive wih reference o he ground. The boundary beween he coninuous conducion mode and disconinuous conducion mode is decided by he value of he inducor b ) R (5) V s-v 0 0 -V 0 The value of he filer capacior can be obained from Eq. 5, as he oupu par of he buck boos converer is similar o ha of boos converer. III. CONTRO TECHNIQUES i i s A. Proporional, Inegral, ifferenial Conrollers (PI) In various indusrial applicaions proporional, inegral and differenial conrollers organizaion is mos commonly use o improve he performance of he seleced conrol sysem. Various combinaion of proporional (P), inegral (I) and differenial () conrollers are shown below: a) Proporional and Inegral Conrollers (PI) b) Proporional and erivaive conrollers(p) c) Proporional Inegral and erivaive Conrollers ic -i c 0 T T 2T Fig. 7. Buck Boos Converer Waveform When swich S is urned off, he diode provides pah for he inducor curren. Waveform of he converer is shown in fig. 7. For he inducor in a seady sae yields he condiion of a zero vol-sec produc VS()T = ( VO) ( )T (3) Transfer funcion of he converer is given as below ha is for Buck-Boos converer Proporional conrollers in which he acual signal is direcly proporional o an error signal. An Inegral conroller in his conroller acual signal is direcly proporional o he inegral of he error signal. erivaive conroller in his conroller acual signal is direcly proporional o he derivaive of he error signal [3] [6] [7]. Proporional derivaive (P) conroller improves he ransien response of he sysem. Proporional inegral (PI) conroller reduces seady sae error presen in he sysem. The combinaion of PI and P conroller forms he PI conroller, i involves P, I and hree differen consan parameers. Signal which is presen in beween desired oupu and acual oupu is an error signal. PI conroller operaes direcly on error signal. Advanages of PI conroller are as faser response o change in he conrol inpu; conrol signal increases o lead seady sae error owards zero and eliminaes oscillaions [6]. By uning he hree consan he conroller can provide he conrol acion for he specific process. he facors on which he response of he conroller depends are he responsiveness of conroller for error, degree of sysem oscillaion and he degree a which conroller overshoos he se poin [7]. 2017, IRJET Impac Facor value: ISO 9001:2008 Cerified Journal Page 989
4 Proporional u + e Conrolled y ou ifferenial Objec _ Inegral Fig. 4. Block iagram for PI Conroller Typical uning mehods wih heir advanages and disadvanages are given in he following able TABE II. TYPICA TUNNING METHOS Mehods Advanages isadvanages (ry and error) Manual Tunning Online mehod and No mah required. Experienced personnel. neede For uning o he PI conroller, increasing parameer Kp, Ki and Kd have is own effecs, i can be summarized as [7] Ziegler Nichols Online mehod and Proven mehod. Process upse, very aggressive uning, and some rialand-error. TABE I. MANUA TUNING SYSTEM Paramee Rise Time Over Time for Error Sabiliy r shoo Seling Seady Sae Sofware Tools Consisen uning. Online or offline mehod. Can suppor non-seady sae (NSS) uning. Allow simulaion before downloading Training as well as Some cos involved. Kp Rise Time Incr No ecrease egrade ecreases ease efinie (Minor Changes Ki ecrease Incr Increase Eliminae egrade ease Kd No ecr ecrease No Improve ) s efinie ease efinie if K d (MinorCha (Minorcha small nge) nge) In many case, PI uning can be done by increasing he parameers Kp, Ki and Kd one by one. Firsly, he sysem needs o be deermining wha is characerisic need o be improving. Then he Kp parameer is use o decrease he rise ime. Afer ha he parameer Kd is use o reduce he overshoo, seling ime and lasly eliminae he seady seady-sae error using Ki parameer. When done uning he parameers, he sysem need o be examined eiher i obain or no accepable sabiliy. Accepable sabiliy is when he undershoo ha follow he firs overshoo of he response is small, or barely observable [7]. B. Proporional, Inegral, ifferenial Conrollers (PI) Conroller Tuning PI conroller has various ypes of uning mehods. The selecion of Proporional, Inegral and ifferenial depends upon he process model. The selecion of echnique will depends mosly on ype of he sysem wheher or no he sysem can be aken offline for uning and he response ime of inpu and measuring he oupu can be done o deermine he conrol parameers. Cohen - Coon Model of Good Process Only good for firsorder processes Offline mehod. 1) Advanages of PI conrollers PI conroller which is independen of he model, simple in design and applicable for various fields has a predominan role in indusrial conrol. Very fas response for change in he conrol inpu conrol signal increases o lead seady sae error owards zero also eliminaes oscillaions 2) isadvanages of PI conrollers PI conroller echnique canno mee increasing requiremens for fas dynamic response, high conrol precision. If here occurrence of uncerainies hen he sabiliy of his echnique canno be guaraneed. C. Sliding Mode Conrol Power elecronic converers such as C-C converers mosly used. By changing he duy cycle of he swiches in he circui converer he sources of direc curren changes from one volage o anoher volage level. For he nonlinear sysem i s become a grea challenge for design and conrol. Classical conrol mehods are no suiable for operaing poin variaions and load disurbances. Variaions in he sysem parameers and large signal ransien produce in he sysem oupu due o change in he load and large signal ransien in he sarup canno allocae wih hese echniques. A muli-loop conrol echnique such as CMC, has significanly upgraded he dynamic behavior, bu conrol sraegy remains hard specifically for higher level converer opologies [8]. For he complex sysem encompassing nonlinear dynamics wih highly coupled wih inernal variables, disurbance due o exernal and parameer suspicions, o mee his consequenly advanced nonlinear conrol sysem are needed o encouner he challenge [9]. 2017, IRJET Impac Facor value: ISO 9001:2008 Cerified Journal Page 990
5 Source Inernaional Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-issn: A his poin for C-C converer sliding mode conroller is an effecive conrol mehod, has variable srucure due o swiching characerisics. Sliding mode conrol echniques is oally free from disurbance and consrains and i can provide advanages such as sabiliy agains large disurbances, fas dynamic response and very simple implemenaion [1]. The greaes noable aspec of sliding mode conrol is he disconinuous naure of is conrol acion which provides ousanding sysem performance and insensiiviy o cerain parameer variaions and disurbances, finie ime conjuncion [9]. Sliding mode conroller mainly known for heir robusness and sabiliy agains large disurbances. I can operae a an infinie swiching frequency. This challenges he possibiliy of applying sliding mode conroller in power converers due o exreme high speed swiching in power converers effecs excessive swiching losses, inducor and ransformer core losses and elecromagneic inerference (EMI) [8]. For robo manipulaors, auomoive ransmission underwaer vehicles and engines and power sysems sliding mode conroller is successfully applied [8]. conversion of wind energy o mechanical energy wind energy is in he form of AC source for convering his AC o C recifiers are used. The volage a he oupu of he converer is higher han he inpu. oad is conneced across he boos converer. As boos converer are use some conrol echnics are used for conrolling purpose. The following block diagram illusraes he proposed work. Renewable Energy Source 3 Phase Recifier AC Recifier Recifier Boos Convere r Boos Converer Boos Converer oad Conroller CONVERTER RIVERS Of Swiches Volage and/or Curren Acive Signals Condiioning of V, i Variables Hysereic Comparaor Surface Generaion U U - U Surface Generaion U + S S(x) Fig. 5. General Block iagram Of Sliding conrolled Converer 1) Advanages of sliding mode conrol Sliding Mode Conrol is independen of disurbances and consrains. For large disurbances i can provide fas dynamic response and very simple implemenaion and sabiliy. This can be achieved due o propery of acing on all sysem sae variables concurrenly. IV. PROPOSE WORK The proposed work base on conversion of renewable energy sources like wind energy. Renewable energy sources are freely available in naure. Maximum uilizaion of hese available energy sources mus be done for fuure increasing demand of elecrical energy. In his proposed work wind energy use as an ulimae source for his wind urbine going o use for X TABE III. Fig. 6. Proposed work Block iagram COMPARISON TABE BETWEEN THE SIING MOE AN PI CONTROER Parameer Sliding Mode PI conroller Conrolle r esign Independen Very simple in design of model and implemenaion and simple in design Operae Operaing Poin Respond saisfacorily s direcly on variaions for he operaing poin error signals and didn variaions and load respond on operaing poin load disurbances Response Sliding mode conrol is PI conroller canno disurbances variaions and fre e from disurbances mee increasing an requiremen d consrains and s for fas provide agains disurbances and dynamic response sabiliy dynamic response, high conrol large precision Seling ime Seling ime is lowes Seling im e is higher han sliding mode conroller V. CONCUSION The above paper is reviews of various conrol echniques of C-C Boos Converers. Nonlinear conrollers like model predicive conrol (MPC) and fuzzy conrollers are effecive while mos are complex and hey are difficul and expensive for pracical applicaions. Curren mode conroller designing is no an easy ask and he linear conrol effecs are limied. PI Conroller echnique canno mee increasing requiremens for fas dynamic response, fas 2017, IRJET Impac Facor value: ISO 9001:2008 Cerified Journal Page 991
6 high conrol precision and if here are uncerainies hen he sabiliy of his echnique canno be guaraneed. Agains he large disurbance slide conrol mehod provide sabiliy, very simple o implemen and fas dynamic response, due o propery of acing on all sysem sae variables concurrenly. References [1] Jakeer Hussain, Mahesh K. Mishra, Adapive Maximum Power Poin Tracking conrol Algorihm for Wind Energy conversion Sysems, IEEE Transacion On Energy Conversion, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp , June2016 [2] Seyed Mehdi Mozayan, Maarouf Saad, Hani Vahedi, Handy Forin Blanchee and Mohsen Solani, Sliding Mode Conrol of PMSG Wind Turbine Based on Enhanced Exponenial Reaching aw, IEEE Transacion On Indusrial Elecronics, Vol. 63, No. 10, pp , Ocober 2016 [3] Ms. Kashmira Rahi & r. M.S. Ali, esign and simulaion of PI Conroller for Power Elecronics Converer Cicuis, Inernaional Journal Of Innovaive And Emerging Research In Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp , 2016 [4] Jianwei Zhang, avid G. orrell, i i and Ahmadreza Argha, Jianwei Zhang, avid orrell and Ahmadreza Argha, A Novel Sliding Mode Conroller For C-C Boos Converers Under Inpu/oad Variaions, IECON2015-Yokohama, pp , November 9-12, [5] opamudra Mira, Nibedia Sain, Closed oop Conrol of Soalr Powered Boos Converer wih PI Conroller, IEEE Inernaional Conference on Power Elecronics, rives and Energy Sysem(PEES), 2014 [6] Hari Priya T., Alicelu M. Parimi, U. M. Rao, evelopmen of Hybrid Conroller for Phoovolaic Based C-C Boos Converer in C Grid Conneced Applicaion, Inernaional Conference O Circui, Power and Compuing Technologies, 2016 [7] Ankia Nayak, Mahesh Singh, Sudy Of Tunning Of PI Conroller by Using Paricle Swam Opimizaion, Inernaional Journal Of Advanced Research And Sudies, pp , March 2015 [8] Sumia hali, P. Nageshwara Rao, Praveen Mande, K. Venkaeswara Rao, Pwm-Based Sliding Mode Conroller For C-C Boos Converer, Inernaional Journal Of Engineering Research And Applicaion (Ijera), Vol. 2, Issue1, pp , Jan-Feb 2012 [9] Carolina Evangelisa, Alessandro Pisano, Paul Puleson & Eli Usai, Time-Based Adapive Second Order Sliding Mode Conroller for Wind Energy Conversion Opimizaion, IEEE Conference On ecision And Conrol, pp , ecember 15-17, 2014 [10] Andrzej Baroszewicz and Pior esniewski, Reaching aw Approach o he Sliding Mode Conrol of Periodic Review Invenory Sysems, IEEE Transacions on Auomaion Science and Engineering, Vol.11, No.3, pp , July 2014 [11] Robero Giral, uis Marinez-Salamero, Ramon eyva, Javier Maixe. Sliding-Mode Conrol of Inerleaved Boos Converers, IEEE Transacion on Circui and Sysems-I; Fundamenal Theory And Applicaions, Vol. 47, No. 9, pp , Sepember , IRJET Impac Facor value: ISO 9001:2008 Cerified Journal Page 992
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