Family of Single-Inductor Multi-Output DC-DC Converters

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1 PEDS009 Family of Single-Inducor Muli-Oupu DC-DC Converers Ray-ee in Naional Cheng Kung Universiy No., a-hseuh Road ainan Ciy, aiwan Chi-Rung Pan Naional Cheng Kung Universiy No., a-hseuh Road ainan Ciy, aiwan Kuang-Hua iu Green Mark Inc. Shindian Ciy, aipei Couny, aiwan Absrac - his paper presens he family of he singleinducor muli-oupu DC-DC converers. Convenional ransformer-based muli-oupu DC-DC converers are proposed o provide muliple oupu volages, which, however, have he drawbacks of high cos and large volume. herefore, he single-inducor muli-oupu hree-erminal configuraion is developed in order o reduce he componen coun and cos for muli-oupu DC-DC converers, including he boos, buck, buck-boos, and flyback DC-DC converers. In his paper, he boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer is inroduced and analyzed. Furhermore, he family of he single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converers is presened. V I S S D p D p I C I O C R I C I O C R V O Figure. Boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer [6]. V O Index erms single inducor; muli-oupu; DC-DC; converer I. INRODUCION In recen years, he muli-oupu DC-DC converers [- ] have been used in many porable and handheld consumer applicaions, such as MP players and digial cameras for he requiremen of small-size and ligh-weigh [4-7]. Convenionally, he ransformer-based muli-oupu DC-DC converers are widely employed o provide muliple oupu volages. However, he drawbacks of hese ransformer-ype converers include he amoun and cos of elecronic componens and circui volume [8-]. he single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converers [-6] were developed o effecively reduce he amoun of elecronic componens for providing muliple oupu volages, as shown in Figure []. In order o furher save he swich S a or S b from he single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converer showed in Figure, he prior work in [6] presened a novel boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer, as shown in Figure. S a D a D b II. BOOS-YPE SINGE-INDUCOR DUA-OUPU DC-DC CONVERER A. Operaional Principles he operaion of he boos-ype single-inducor dualoupu DC-DC converer can be divided ino hree operaing sages a seady sae, as shown in Figure. A Sage, he swiches S and S are urned on simulaneously a ime 0. he inducor is charged by he inpu DC source and he inducor curren increases, as shown in Figure 4(a. A Sage, he swich S is urned OFF a ime bu swich S is sill kep ON unil. Meanwhile, he inducor discharges o he low-volage side wih oupu capacior C and load resisor R hrough diode D p, such ha he inducor curren decreases, as shown in Figure 4(b. A Sage, he swich S is urned OFF a ime bu swich S is sill kep OFF unil. Meanime, he inducor discharges o he high-volage side wih oupu capacior C and load resisor R hrough diode D p, which makes he inducor curren decrease more rapidly, as shown in Figure 4(c. B. Derivaion of Volage Raios A Sage, he incremenal inducor curren Δ I, as shown in Figure 5, can be obained from Equaion (. C a R a S S b C b R b V Ob V Oa Vg D Δ I=, ( where D is he duy cycle of he swich S, and is he swiching period. Figure. Single-inducor muli-oupu swiching converers []. 6

2 PEDS009 V O V O I C I C Sage Sage Sage V O Q Q V I,max I I,min S D S D V O I Figure. Key waveforms for boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC- DC converer. During Sage, o fulfill he requiremen of he volsecond balance a seady sae, he decrease Δ I in inducor curren can be calculaed by Equaion (. (VO- (D-D Δ I=, ( where D is he duy cycle of he swich S. Similarly, during Sage, he decrease Δ I in inducor curren can be obained, as shown in Equaion (. (VO- (-D Δ I=, and ( A seady sae, he increase in he inducor curren Δ I is equal o he summaion of he decreases, ( Δ I + Δ I, in he inducor curren. herefore, he volage raio relaionship in beween, V O and V O can be obained, as shown in Equaion (4. V g=v O (-D +V O (D-D. (4 I V I I I V O - S D p D p V O - C R V O - S C R V O (a Sage ( 0 ~ S D D p S D p C R V O S C R V O S D (b Sage ( ~ D p Figure 5. Waveform of indicor curren and volage for boos-ype singleinducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. S S D p (c Sage ( ~ Figure 4. Operaional principle of boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. C R V O C R V O C. Derivaion of Minimum Inducance in CCM In order o ensure he operaion of CCM condiion, he inducance mus be greaer han a minimum value, as shown in Figure, which can be derived by uilizing he principles of energy conservaion, as shown in Equaion (5. VO VO P in =V g I = P O = +. (5 R R 7

3 PEDS009 where P in is he inpu power, and P O is he oupu power. Based on Equaion (4 and he minimum level of inducor curren I,min in Figure, he minimal inducance min can be obained, as shown in Equaion (6. [V D (-D +V (D -D -D +D ] [V (-D +V (D -D ] R R. O O O O min (R V O +R V O (6 D. Derivaion of Oupu-Volage Ripples Since he capaciors C and C are conneced o he wo oupu erminals of he boos-ype single-inducor dualoupu DC-DC converer, he oupu volage ripples V O and V O of he oupu capaciors C and C can be calculaed by uilizing he amp-second balance principle, as shown in Equaions (7 and (8, respecively. Δ (-D V O= V O. C R (7 Δ [-(D-D ] V O = V O. C R (8 III. FAMIY OF SINGE-INDUCOR MUI-OUPU DC-DC CONVERERS Based on he single-inducor muli-oupu hreeerminal configuraion, as shown in Figure 8, he family of he single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converers can be presened by uilizing he configuring single-inducor mulioupu hree-erminal in able [5], as follows. DC converer can be obained, as shown in Figure. By using he configuraion number 6, he buck-boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer can be obained, as shown in Figure 0. Generally speaking, he flyback converer can be developed as he exension of he buck-boos converer by replacing he inducor wih he ransformer. hus, he flyback-ype single-inducor dualoupu DC-DC converer is presened, as shown in Figure. S D p C S R D p V O Figure 9. Buck-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. S S C V O Figure 0. Buck-boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. D p D p C R C R R V O V O _ D p _ D p Figure 8. Single-inducor muli-oupu hree-erminal configuraion. R m N S S C R V O C V O able I CONFIGURING SINGE-INDUCOR MUI-OUPU HREE-ERMINA [5] Configuraion Numbers Common Inpu Oupu By using he configuraion number, he buck-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer [6] can be obained, as shown in Figure 9. By using he configuraion number, he boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC- Figure. Flyback-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. A. Buck-ype Single-inducor Dual-oupu DC-DC Converer By uilizing he single-inducor muli-oupu hreeerminal configuraion in Figure 8, he buck-ype singleinducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer [6] can be obained, as shown in Figure 9. he volage raio of he buck-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer is shown in Equaion (9. A he beginning of each cycle, he swiches S and S are urned ON simulaneously. he inducor and he low-volage side wih C and R are charged by he inpu 8

4 PEDS009 DC source and he inducor curren increases. When he swich S is urned OFF bu swich S is sill kep ON, he inducor discharges o he low-volage side wih C and R hrough D p, such ha he inducor curren decrease. When he swich S is urned OFF bu swich S is sill kep OFF, he inducor discharges o he high-volage side wih C and R hrough D p and D p, which leads o he inducor curren decreases. -D D V =V ( +V (. g O O D D (9 B. Buck-boos-ype Single-inducor Dual-oupu DC-DC Converer By using he single-inducor muli-oupu hreeerminal configuraion in Figure 8, he buck-boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer can be developed, as shown in Figure 0. he volage raio of he buck-boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer is shown in Equaion (0. A he beginning of each cycle, he swiches S and S are urned ON simulaneously. he inducor is charged by he inpu DC source and he inducor curren increases. When he swich S is urned OFF bu swich S is sill kep ON, he inducor discharges o he low-volage side wih C and R hrough D p, such ha he inducor curren decrease. When he swich S is urned OFF bu swich S is sill kep OFF, he inducor discharges o he high-volage side wih C and R hrough D p, which leads o he inducor curren decreases. (-D (D -D V=V +V. g O O D D (0 C. Flyback-ype Single-inducor Dual-oupu DC-DC Converer he volage raio of he flyback-ype single-inducor dual-oupu converer is expressed in Equaion (. A he beginning of each cycle, he swiches S and S are urned ON simulaneously. he leakage inducor m is charged by he inpu DC source and he leakage inducor curren increases. When he swich S is urned OFF bu swich S is sill kep ON, he leakage inducor discharges o he lowvolage side wih C and R hrough D p, such ha he leakage inducor curren decrease. When he swich S is urned OFF bu swich S is sill kep OFF, he leakage inducor discharges o he high-volage side wih C and R hrough D p, which leads o he leakage inducor curren decreases. -D D V = [V ( +V ( ]. ( g O O N D D where N is urns raio of dual-oupu flyback converer. IV. SINGE-INDUCOR MUI-OUPU DC-DC CONVERER he boos-ype single-inducor riple-oupu DC-DC converer can be exended from he boos-ype singleinducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer, hus he boos-ype single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converer can also be exended and presened, as shown in Figure. Only a single inducor is required for providing muliple oupu volages. he oupu volage V O is always higher han he inpu volage and he oher oupu volages are higher and lower han he inpu volage, as shown in Figure. S S S N D D D N C N R N C V ON R C R V O Figure. Boos-ype single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converer. V. IMPEMENAION AND EXPERIMENA RESUS FOR BOOS-YPE SINGE-INDUCOR DUA-OUPU DC-DC CONVERER A. Implemenaion of Prooype Circui he specificaions and parameers of he prooype circui for boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer in Figure are lised in able. Based on able, he prooype circui of boos-ype single-inducor dualoupu DC-DC converer can be buil, and he experimenal resuls are shown, as follows. I V GS S S D p D p V GS C Figure. Prooype circui for boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC- DC converer. R V O C V O R V O 9

5 PEDS009 able II SPECIFICAIONS AND PARAMEERS OF BOOS-YPE SINGE-INDUCOR DUA-OUPU DC-DC CONVERER Parameer Inpu Volage ( Oupu Volages (V O Value.9 V V O = V (I O =50mA V O =5 V (I O =5mA Swiching Frequency (f 00 khz (S, S Duy Cycles (D D =50% D =80% Inducor ( =56 μh (ESR=0mΩ Capaciors (C, C Swiches (S, S Diodes (D p, D p B. Experimenal Resuls C =0μF (ESR=0mΩ C =μf (ESR=50mΩ IRF60 (R DS(ON =50mΩ N589 Figure 4 shows he measured waveforms of V GS, V GS, V O, and V O for boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC- DC converer a seady sae. he oupu volage V O equals.5 V DC and he oupu volage V O equals 4.8 V DC when he duy cycle D of V GS equals 50% and he duy cycle D of V GS equals 80%. Figure 5 shows he measured waveforms of V GS, V GS and I for boos-ype singleinducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer a seady sae. VI. CONCUSIONS his paper has presened he family of he singleinducor muli-oupu DC-DC converers. he boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer has been inroduced and analyzed, including he oupu volage ripples, he volage raios and he minimum inducance in CCM by using amp-second balance principle and volsecond balance principle. Based on he single-inducor muli-oupu hree-erminal configuraion, he family of he single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converers can be exended and presened, including boos-ype, buck-ype, buck-boos-ype, and flyback-ype single-inducor dualoupu DC-DC converers. Furhermore, he boos-ype single-inducor muli-oupu DC-DC converer can be exended from he boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. Addiionally, he experimenal resuls show he waveforms of he oupu volages, inducor curren and duy cycles for he boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. Finally, he experimenal resuls are in good accordance wih he operaion of he boos-ype singleinducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer a seady sae. ACKNOWEDGEMENS his work was suppored by he Naional Science Council (NSC, aiwan, under Award NSC 97--E MY, and also made use of Shared Faciliies suppored by he Program of op 00 Universiies Advancemen, Minisry of Educaion, aiwan. D =50%, D =80%, V O =.5V, V O =4.8V, =.9V, R =Ω, R =8Ω, f=00khz, V GS, V GS, V O and V O :0V/div, ime Base=5μs/div V GS V GS V O V O Figure 4. V GS, V GS, V O, V O waveforms of boos-ype single-inducor dual-oupu DC-DC converer. D =50%, D =80%, I,avg =650mA, =.9V, R =Ω, R =8Ω, f=00khz, V GS and V GS : 0V/div, I :00mA/div, ime Base=5μs/div V GS V GS I Figure 5. V GS, V GS, I waveforms of boos-ype single-inducor dualoupu DC-DC converer. REFERENCES [] Q. Chen, M. M. Jovanovic, and F. C. ee, Analysis and Design of Weighed Volage-Mode Conrol for a Muliple-Oupu Forward Converers, Proc. IEEE Applied Power Elecronics Conf, pp , 7- Mar. 99. [] F. Kurokawa, and H. Masuo, A new Muliple-Oupu Hybrid Power Supply, IEEE ransacions on Power Elecronics, vol., no. 4, pp. 4-49, Oc [] H. Masuo, and K. Harada, New energy-sorage dc-dc converer wih muliple oupus, IEEE rans. Magn., vol. 4, no. 5, pp , Sep [4] A. P. Dancy, R. Amirharajah, and A. P. Chandrakasan, High efficiency muliple-oupu DC-DC conversion for low-volage sysems, IEEE rans. VSI Sysems, vol. 8, no., pp. 5-6, Jun [5] J. M. Chang, and M. Pedram, Energy minimizaion using muliple supply volages, IEEE rans. VSI Sysem, vol. 5, no. 4, pp , Dec [6] Q. Chen, F. C. ee, and M. M. Jovanovic, Small-Signal Analysis and Design of Weighed Volage-Mode Conrol for a Muliple- Oupu Forward Converer, Proceedings of 99 IEEE Power Elecronics Specialiss Conference, Seale, pp , 0-4 Jun

6 PEDS009 [7] Y.. Chen, D. Y. Chen, and Y. P. Wu, Conrol-oop Modeling of Muliple-Oupu Feedback of Forward Converers, IEEE rans. on Power Elecronics, vo. 8, no., pp. 0-8, July 99. [8] Yie-one Chen, Dan Y. Chen, Y. P. Wu, and F. Y. Shih, Small- Signal Modeling of Muliple-Oupu Forward Converers wih Curren-Mode Conrol, IEEE rans. on Power Elecronics, vol., no., pp.-, Jan [9] M. C. ee, J. B. io, D. Y. Chen, Y.. Chen, and Y. P. Wu, Small- Signal Modeling of Muliple-Oupu Flyback Converers in Coninuous Conducion Mode wih Weighed Feedback, IEEE rans. on Indusrial Elecronics, vol. 45, no., pp. 6-48, Apr [0]. i, Single Inducor Muliple Oupu Boos Regulaor, U.S. Paen No. 6,075,95, Jun [] A. Sharma, and Y. S. Pavan, A single inducor muliple oupu converer wih adapive dela curren mode conrol, In Proceedings of IEEE Inernaional Symposium on Circuis and Sysems, pp , 006. [] Wing-Hung Ki, and Dongsheng Ma, Single-inducor mulipleoupu swiching converers, Power Elecronics Specialiss Conference, PESC. 00, vol., pp. 0-04, 6-9 May. 00. [] D. Ma, W. H. Ki, and C. Y. sui, Single-inducor muliple-oupu swiching converers wih ime-muliplexing conrol in disconinuous conducion mode, IEEE Journal of Solid Sae Circuis, vol. 8, no., pp , Jan. 00. [4] K. iu, Muliple-Oupu DC-DC Converer and he Conrol of he Same, US Paen No , May [5] R. ymerski, and V. Vorperian, Generaion and Classificaion of PWM DC-o-DC Converers, IEEE rans. on Aerospace and Elecronic Sysems, vol. 4, no. 6, pp , Nov [6] K. -Y. in, C.-S. Huang, D. Chen, and K.-H. iu, Modeling and design of feedback loops for a volage-mode single-inducor dualoupu buck converer, IEEE Power Elecronics Specialis Conference, Rhodes, Greece, pp , Jun. 008.

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