PERFORMANCE OF DC TO DC DUAL ACTIVE BRIDGE CONVERTER DRIVING SINGLE PHASE INVERTER
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1 Asian Research Publishing Nework (ARPN). All righs reserved. PERFORMANCE OF DC TO DC DUAL ACTIVE BRIDGE CONVERTER DRIVING SINGLE PHASE INVERTER Digvijay B. Kanase, H. T. Jadhav and R. A. Meri Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Rajarambapu Insiue of Technology, Rajaramnagar, Islampur. Sangli (MS), India ABSTRACT Solid sae ransformer is a high frequency ransformer can be used as power elecronic converer. The hree sage SST configuraion includes ac o dc recifier, isolaed dc o dc dual acive bridge converer, dc o ac inverer. The swiching frequency of inverer par is greaer han DAB par so inverer sage is model for double line frequency i.e. a 10 Hz. The second harmonics are dominan a his frequency. For beer performance of DAB converer PI conrol is used bu a 10 Hz i has limied gain. To proposed mehods are PI plus feed forward and PI plus Resonan conroller. Keywords: Solid Sae ransformer (SST), DAB converer, pi conroller, pi plus feed forward conrol, pi plus resonan conroller. 1. INTRODUCTION In order o reduce he dependency on non renewable energy here is increasing in demand for renewable energy sources. Connecion of hese renewable energy sources o grid lead o he developmen of power elecronic converer. The dual acive bridge converer is used o inerface hese sources o grid. Dual acive bridge converer inerconnecs medium volage disribuion and low volage disribuion nework [1]. The SST is imporan elemen for fuure renewable elecric energy. SST manages he renewable energy ransfer from grid o disribuion side [3]. The disribuion ransformer is fundamenal componen and is inexpensive, highly reliable and efficien []. SST provides acive power flow conrol. Bu due o presence of power converer here are conducion and swiching losses [4]. The oupu of DAB converer is dc whereas he oupu a inverer side is ac so he power flucuaes a 10 Hz. So in order ha DAB converer o drive such inverer i is necessary o selec he capacior ha can absorb such 10 Hz harmonics. As he second order harmonics is less, o compensae i, capacior bank should be conneced a he oupu of DAB, bu he sysem becomes ineffecive also cos increase [6] [9]. So as o decrease he capacior bank i is necessary o make DAB converers operae a 10 Hz. The PI conroller is used o conrol DAB converer bu he limiaion of PI conroller is ha a 10 Hz frequency i has limied gain whereas for dc i has infinie gain i resuls in seady sae error a 10 Hz [1] [5]. There is limiaion associaed wih convenional PI conroller when driving single phase inverer. Two mehods are proposed firs is feed forward and second one is Resonan conroller ha achieves high gain a 10 Hz. The PR conroller is equivalen o PI in roaing frame. PR conroller can also be used in hree phase sysem o reduce seady sae error and harmonics [7] [11]. Resonan conroller is used o rack posiive and negaive sequence componens a given frequency [10] [1]. The paper discusses he design of dual acive bridge converer a 10 Hz double line frequency and he eliminaion of second order harmonics. Deail sudy of conroller design issues for DAB converer is carried ou.. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Figure-1 shows SST configuraion, firs sage is ac o dc recifier. Second par is isolaed dc o dc dual acive bridge converer, power is ransferred beween wo dc buses using ransformer in his par. The hird sage is dc o dc inverer. Figure-1. Muli-sage configuraion of SST. Figure-. Power ransfer using mulisage SST. Figure- shows he novel power flow of DAB converer. The solid line indicaes he acive power flow and he dashed line is double frequency line. The oupu power from recifier and inverer is average power (dc) and ripple power (second order harmonics 10Hz). w I sinw VI1 cos w p V sin (1) s s The main aim is design of DAB converer in SST following assumpions is made (1) recifier sage is designed o provide sable dc inpu o DAB converer () inverer is designed such ha oupu volage is sinusoidal nearly equal o 10 V (3) swiching frequency of inverer is more han converer. In his sudy he swiching s 197
2 Asian Research Publishing Nework (ARPN). All righs reserved. frequency of DAB converer is 5 KHz and ha of inverer is 0 KHz. This is because he volage a inpu of DAB converer is higher han he inverer a disribuion level [1]. The solid sae ransformer acs as imporan soluion in FREED sysem o have conrol among he power grids, loads, disribued energy sources, and energy sorage devices. By separaing he load from he source, he disurbances a grid side will be absen because i is compensaed by he SSTs. Thus solid sae ransformer help is providing he isolaion beween he wo sides of he converer and o reduce he disurbances occurring. 1 RCo sin( D ) A L cos( D ) L 4 C B o I oi 4sin( D ) C o R L ws 4cos( D ) C o w s R L sin( D ) IoR cos( D ) Vo 0 cos( D ) L V o0 sin( D ) L (6) (7) Figure-3. Simplified diagram of DAB converer. The simplified diagram of converer is shown in figure above. A. Model Analysis Afer defining he problem i is imporan o model dc o dc DAB converer. For his full order discree ime model echnique is used. This model provides accurae conrol o oupu ransfer funcion [8] in marix form wrien as d d x Ax Bd () T C (8) Where vo0 oupu volage of DAB converer, L is leakage inducance of ransformer of DAB converer, R is lumped equivalen resisance of ransformer winding. w s fs, fs 5000 Hz[]-[8]. The Transfer Funcion of converer is given as s CsI A B G vd 1 (9) The power ransferred by DAB converer is Where, y Cx (3) vsvo P d1 d f L s (10) y v o0 (4) x v T o i1r i 0 1I (5) Figure-4. Schemaic diagram of closed loop DAB converer. Figure shows oupu ransfer funcion of closed loop DAB converer. 198
3 Asian Research Publishing Nework (ARPN). All righs reserved. B. Conroller design issues for DAB converer Model Various mehods for conrolling he oupu volage of DAB converer is discussed in he paper in deail viz, convenional PI conroller, PI plus feed forward, PI plus Resonan conroller I] Convenional PI conroller: Power Vols [V] Figure-5. PI conrol only. Figure-4 shows closed loop schemaic of DAB converer and PI conroller (Figure-5). Duy Raio [d] Figure-7. Simulaion resuls of PI conrol. Oupu power (P inv), Oupu volage, Duy raio for pure resisive load 30 Ω. II] PI plus feed forward: PI conroller only regulaes oupu dc volage and conrol oupu average power, while feed forward porion akes care of disurbances a 10 Hz from inverer side and racks 10 Hz ripples. Afer volage of DAB converer is sampled low pass filer whose pass band is below 10 Hz. Figure-6. Phase and Magniude using PI conroller only. Figure-6 shows he gain of PI conrol a 10 Hz (verical line is a 10 Hz). The gain is low and i is difficul o idenify and compensae he 10 Hz harmonic curren a inverer side. So i is necessary o increase he gain of K p. There are wo improvemens provided for PI conrollers namely PI plus feed forward and PI plus Resonan conroller. The main arge conrol of DAB converer is (1) o regulae oupu volage and conrol average oupu power, () o suppress he harmonics a 10 Hz from inverer and o rack 10 Hz ripples. Figure-8. Schemaic diagram of PI plus feed forward. The cu-off frequency of Low pass filer is less and PI conroller only regulaes dc volage, so band widh of PI conroller is no necessary o be large. The phase angle of inverer oupu is conrolled by he conroller used a inverer. According o equaion (1) he power angle is given by p v (11) 199
4 Asian Research Publishing Nework (ARPN). All righs reserved. Feed forward porion provides excellen ripple rejecion for uniy power facor loads. Bu he performance of converer is affeced for uniy power facor load. So o improve is performance PI conroller is combined wih resonan conroller. Power his, anoher conroller i.e. resonan conroller is combined wih PI conroller [13]. PI conroller conrols dc volage while resonan conroller ackles he disurbances a 10 Hz and reduces he ripples from inverer. The ransfer funcion of R-conroller is given by Gpr s s Kr (1) s w 50 Volage [v] D u y ra io [d ] Figure-9. Simulaion resuls of Feed Forward conrol. Oupu power (P inv), Oupu volage, Duy raio for pure resisive load 30 Ω. C] PI plus Resonan conroller: Figure-11. Bode plo of R-conrol. By using R-conroller only he loops gain is changed, as shown in Figure-6. The advanage of his sysem is ha he volage regulaion is good as compared o PI conroller a 10 Hz. The oupu impedance of he converer is low. Tha is lower ripple a 10 Hz will be caused. Power Time Volage [v] Time 0.9 Figure-10. PI plus Resonan conroller. In order o compensae flucuaion a 10 Hz, he feedback compensaor is necessary o have high gain a given frequency. So gain of PI conroller mus be increased, his reduces he phase margin. To overcome Duy Raio [d] Figure-1. Simulaion resuls of resonan conrol. Oupu power (P inv), Oupu volage, Duy raio for pure resisive load 30 Ω. 1930
5 Asian Research Publishing Nework (ARPN). All righs reserved. Simulaion Parameers A. Converer Design Swiching device Inducance, a inpu side Inducance, a low volage side Swiching Frequency (Recifier) Capacior, a oupu side 500µH 500µH 5KHz.7 nf ZVS Capacior 00µF Swiching Frequency (Inverer) Load Resisance B. Filer Design 0KHz 30Ω MOSFET ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Auhor express his profound graiude and deep regards o his guide Prof. H. T. Jadhav for heir exemplary guidance, monioring and consan encouragemen hroughou. Auhor also expresses a deep sense of graiude o his fellow companion Prof. R A Meri, Prof. Pradip Bamane, Mr. Sagar Sonavane and Mr. Sagar Desai for heir cordial suppor, valuable informaion which helped Auhor in compleing his ask hrough various sages. Lasly auhor hanks almighy, his parens, broher, siser and friends for heir consan encouragemen wihou which his assignmen would no be. REFERENCES [1] Huang M., Crow G., Heyd J., Zheng. and S. Dale. The fuure renewable elecric energy delivery and managemen (freedm) sysem: The energy inerne. Proc. IEEE. Vol. 99, no. 1, pp , Jan Inducance 300µH Capaciance 30 µf RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Figure-7, 9 and 1 shows simulaion resuls of PI, Feed Forward and Resonan conroller o regulae he oupu volage. The volage ripple using convenional PI conroller is high, as compared wih Feed forward and resonan conroller. The ripple volage is approximaely 0 V (Duy Raio waveform). By increasing he bus capaciance he ripple volage can be reduce. To reduce he ripple volage boh Feed Forward and Resonan conroller are used. Boh Feed Forward and Resonan conroller achieve he similar resuls, bu hey differ in ransien performance and also in handling no uniy power facor loads. CONCLUSIONS In muli sage configuraion of SST, single phase inverer has dominan second order harmonics a is inpu side. Convenional PI conroller has limied gain a 10 Hz. Two mehods are proposed o overcome he limiaions of PI conroller. Firs one is PI plus feed forward conrol and second PI plus Resonan conroller o conrol he dc oupu volage of DAB converer and o rack he disurbances a 10 Hz from inverer. Feed Forward Resonan conroller gives beer ransien response and achieves he ripple reducion a he oupu of inverer. The dynamic and ransien response of DAB converer can be improved furher by using Sliding mode conrol (SMC) echnique. [] R. Ronan., S. D. Sendoff., S. F. Glover. and D. L. Galloway. A power elecronic-based disribuion ransformer. IEEE Power Eng. Rev., vol., no. 3, pp , Mar. 00. I S Jacobs and C.P. Bean, Fine paricles, hin films and exchange anisoropy in Magneism vol. III G.T. Rado and H Suhl Eds New York: Academic. 1963, pp [3] Bhaacharya, T. Zhao, G.Wang, S. Dua, S. Baek,Y.Du, B. Parkhideh, X. Zhou, and A. Q. Huang, Design and developmen of generaion-i silicon based solid sae ransformer, in Proc. IEEE Appl. Power Elecron. Conf. Expo., Feb. 010, pp [4] Qin. and J. Kimball A comparaive efficiency sudy of silicon-based solid sae ransformers in Proc. IEEE Energy. Convers. Congr. Expo. Sep. 010, pp [5] Holmes T. Lipo., B. McGrah., and W. Kong. Opimized design of Saionary frame hree phase ac curren regulaors. IEEE Trans. Power Elecro. Vol. 4, no. 11, pp , Nov [6] Hwang, P. Lehn. and M. Winkelnkemper. A generalized class of saionary frame-curren conrollers for grid-conneced AC DC converers IEEE Trans. Power Del. Vol. 5, no. 4, pp , Oc [7] Dong T. Thacker., R. Burgos., D. Boroyevich. and F. Wang. On zero seady-sae error volage conrol of single-phase PWM inverers wih differen loadypes, IEEE Trans. Power Elecron., vol. 6, no. 11, pp Nov
6 Asian Research Publishing Nework (ARPN). All righs reserved. [8] Zhao D. D.-C. Lu. and V. G. Agelidis. Curren conrol of grid conneced boos inverer wih zero seady-sae error, IEEE Trans. Power Elecron. Vol. 6, no. 10, pp , Oc [9] T Phan. and H.-H.Lee. Conrol sraegy for harmonic eliminaion in Sand-alone DFIG applicaions wih nonlinear loads. IEEE Trans. Power Elecron. Vol. 6, no. 9, pp , Sep IEEE Appl. Power Elecron. Conf, Feb. 01, pp [15] Qin. and J. W. Kimball. Generalized average modeling of dual acive bridge DC DC converer, IEEE Trans. Power Elecron. Vol. 7, no. 4, pp , Apr [10] Loh Y. Tang., F. Blaabjerg. and P. Wang. Mixedframe and saionary frame repeiive conrol schemes for compensaing ypical load and grid harmonics. IET Power Elecron. Vol. 4, no., pp. 18 6, Feb [11] Nian. and R. Zeng. Improved conrol sraegy for sand-alone disribued generaion sysem under unbalanced and non-linear loads. IET Renewable Power Genera. Vol. 5, no. 5, pp , Sep [1] Hu. and Y.He. Modeling and conrol of gridconneced volage-sourced converers under generalized unbalanced operaion condiions. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. Vol. 3, no. 3, pp , Sep [13] Amin Hasanzadeh., Omer C. Onar., Graduae Suden Member, IEEE, Hossein Mokhari, Member, IEEE, and Alireza Khaligh, Senior Member, IEEE A Proporional-Resonan Conroller-Based Wireless Conrol Sraegy wih a Reduced Number of Sensors for Parallel Operaed UPSs IEEE ransacions on power delivery. Vol. 5, no. 1, January 010. [14] D. Wason., J. W.Kimball. and S. Aciy. Linear single phase inverer model for baery energy sorage sysem evaluaion and conroller design. in Proc. 193
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