6. OpAmp Application Examples
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1 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 1/31 6. OpAmp Application Examples Francesc Serra Graells Departament de Microelectrònica i Sistemes Electrònics Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona paco.serra@imb-cnm.csic.es Integrated Circuits and Systems IMB-CNM(CSIC)
2 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 2/31 1 Pre-Amplification 2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC 3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters 4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
3 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 3/31 1 Pre-Amplification 2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC 3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters 4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
4 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 4/31 Pre-Amplification Stages General usage in analog signal processing systems: sensor e.g. microphone pre amp AGC anti alias ADC decimator Transducer frontend clock generator DSP actuator e.g. loudspeaker DAC interpolator power amp reconstruction
5 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 5/31 Pre-Amplification Stages General usage in analog signal processing systems: to save source signal integrity (SNDR) against circuit non-idealities (e.g. noise, interference) sensor e.g. microphone pre amp AGC anti alias ADC decimator Transducer frontend information clock generator DSP actuator e.g. loudspeaker DAC interpolator power amp reconstruction
6 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 6/31 Instrumentation Amplifiers safety rules (e.g. no net charge interchange!) OpAmp requirements for sensor read-out fronteds: strong common interferer weak differential signal e.g. biosignal amplifiers for ECG, EEG and EMG
7 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 7/31 Instrumentation Amplifiers safety rules (e.g. no net charge interchange!) OpAmp requirements for sensor read-out fronteds: strong common interferer weak differential signal Shielding and floating supply for external interference rejection Infinite DC input impedance Low equivalent input noise Very high CMRR Reduced bandwidth (typ. khz-range) Moderate output full scale e.g. biosignal amplifiers for ECG, EEG and EMG Specific OpAmp circuits and feedback topologies
8 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 8/31 Classic Differential Preamplifiers 3-OpAmp topology: first stage: second stage:
9 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 9/31 Classic Differential Preamplifiers 3-OpAmp topology: 2-OpAmp circuit:
10 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 10/31 Classic Differential Preamplifiers 3-OpAmp topology: 2-OpAmp circuit: matching group CMRR losses due to technology mismatching!
11 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 11/31 Specific OpAmps for Preamplifiers Non-differential floating gain elements: M3 M4 M15 M16 M5 M6 M1 M2 M13 M14 M10 M9 M12 M8 M7 M11
12 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 12/31 Specific OpAmps for Preamplifiers Non-differential floating gain elements: M3 M4 M15 M16 M5 M6 M1 M2 M13 M14 M8 M10 M7 M9 M12 M11 Null contributions of resitors to CMRR Input stage technology mismatching seen as static offset Input stage noise Output full-scale
13 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 13/31 1 Pre-Amplification 2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC 3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters 4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
14 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 14/31 Automatic Gain Control Also known as programmable/variable gain amplifier (PGA/VGA) General usage in analog signal processing systems: sensor e.g. microphone pre amp AGC anti alias ADC decimator Transducer frontend information clock generator DSP actuator e.g. loudspeaker DAC interpolator power amp reconstruction
15 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 15/31 Automatic Gain Control General usage in analog signal processing systems: Also known as programmable/variable gain amplifier (PGA/VGA) Amplitude matching with ADC full-scale: sensor e.g. microphone pre amp AGC anti alias ADC decimator No distortion at cycle scale (unlike limiters)! Transducer frontend information clock generator DSP actuator e.g. loudspeaker DAC interpolator power amp reconstruction
16 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 16/31 Programmable Gain Based on MOS resistive circuits (MRC):
17 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 17/31 Programmable Gain Based on MOS resistive circuits (MRC): small signal large signal matched devices operating in strong inversion conduction (non-saturation):
18 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 18/31 Programmable Gain Based on MOS resistive circuits (MRC): Compact area Electronically tunable gain Technology sensitivity MOSFET flicker noise Distortion due to larger device mismatching
19 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 19/31 1 Pre-Amplification 2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC 3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters 4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
20 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 20/31 Continuous-Time Filters General usage in analog signal processing systems: before entering into discrete time (DT) domain sensor e.g. microphone pre amp AGC anti alias ADC decimator Transducer frontend information clock generator DSP actuator e.g. loudspeaker DAC interpolator power amp reconstruction Also common in high-frequency filters...
21 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 21/31 Gm-C Integrator Based on wide-range input MOS transconductors: not OTA! (finite Gm)
22 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 22/31 Gm-C Integrator M11 M12 Cross-coupled CMOS circuit realization: I max I max M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M7 I tun I tun M9 M10 matched devices operating in strong inversion saturation:
23 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 23/31 Gm-C Integrator M11 M12 Cross-coupled CMOS circuit realization: I max I max M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M7 I tun I tun M9 M10 +I max Linear differential transconductance Built-in limiter I tun Technology dependence -I max
24 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 24/31 1 Pre-Amplification 2 MRC-Amplifiers for AGC 3 Continuous-Time Gm-C Filters 4 Switched-Capacitor Filters
25 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 25/31 Switched-Capacitor Filters General usage in analog signal processing systems: discrete time (DT) but still analog domain, e.g. Delta-Sigma modulators sensor e.g. microphone pre amp AGC anti alias ADC decimator Transducer frontend information clock generator DSP actuator e.g. loudspeaker DAC interpolator power amp reconstruction also reused as SC amplifiers for flash stages
26 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 26/31 SC Integrator The very basic building block: gain function integration function Analog circuit realization (ADC) Digital circuit realization (DAC)
27 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 27/31 SC Integrator The very basic building block: SC-OpAmp compact implementation: gain function integration function for initialization purposes single-ended circuit version Analog circuit realization (ADC) non-overlapping phases clock S I
28 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 28/31 SC Integrator SC-OpAmp compact implementation: clock S I
29 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 29/31 SC Integrator SC-OpAmp compact implementation: clock S I
30 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 30/31 SC OpAmp Optimization Discrete time dynamic biasing: M4 M3 M5 M6 M1 M2 M7 M8 M9 M10 clock S I time
31 Preamp MRC GmC Switched-Cap 31/31 SC OpAmp Optimization Discrete time dynamic biasing: M4 M3 M5 M6 Synchronous Class-AB operation Static power savings M7 M1 M2 M8 OpAmp fast on/off recovery time required M9 M10 Biasing peak value is technology dependent Ripple induced in the power rails (digital-like) time
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