EGHD Position Paper Optimising ATM staff working stations in the Joint Human-Machine System 1

Transcription

1 EGHD December 2018 FINAL EGHD Psitin Paper Optimising ATM staff wrking statins in the Jint Human-Machine System 1 1 Intrductin This paper identifies principles and recmmendatins fr the Eurpean Cmmissin (EC) 2 t ensure that the human dimensin is apprpriately cnsidered in future industry develpments related t the design f Air Traffic Management (ATM) staff wrking statins. The Expert Grup n the Human Dimensin (EGHD) f the Single Eurpean Sky (SES) believes that a gd wrking envirnment will help t ptimise bth human perfrmance and the use f ATM technlgies. On the ther hand, a pr wrking envirnment may negatively impact the ability f ATM staff t carry ut their day-t-day tasks in an ptimal, safe and efficient manner. Therefre, the upgrade, develpment and mdificatin f ATM wrking statins need t be managed carefully t ensure that the ATM staff wrking envirnment is designed ptimally fr system perfrmance. 2 Scpe The EGHD has cnsidered the human dimensin impacts f the design f ATM staff wrking statins frm the fllwing ATM staff categries: Air Traffic Cntrllers (ATCOs) Air Traffic Safety Electrnics Persnnel (ATSEP) Air Traffic Cntrl (ATC) Supervisrs ATM Flw Managers Aernautical Infrmatin Service (AIS) / Aernautical Infrmatin Management (AIM) persnnel Flight Data peratrs Flight Infrmatin Service Officers (FISOs and AFISOs) The EGHD s recmmendatins fcus n cmmn issues that are applicable t all ATM staff. Hwever, recmmendatins may als be tailred fr certain ATM staff categries where necessary. 1 The Jint Human-Machine System (JHMS) is an emerging cncept that cnsiders the users and the technical system as a single system. This is further explained in Principle 3 f Sectin 3. 2 This paper may als be used t advise ther Single Eurpean Sky (SES) institutins related t the develpment f ATM technlgies. EGHD Page 1 f 14

2 3 Principles fr wrk statin design The design f ATM staff wrking statins plays a pivtal rle in cntributing t ptimal human and technlgical perfrmance. The fllwing principles have therefre been identified as recgnised gd practice relating t the design f ATM staff wrking statins. These gd practices are endrsed by the EGHD and shuld cntinue t be prmted t ensure they are applied cnsistently: 1. ATM staff are the frnt-end users f wrking statin designs, and therefre ATM staff shuld be invlved frm the beginning f the prcess t design future wrking statin cncepts and technlgies. 2. The design f ATM staff wrking statins and the perating envirnment shuld cnsider gd design practices and standards 3 that have been defined generically (i.e. nn-atm) fr use in Human-Machine Interface (HMI) design, cntrl rm layuts and envirnmental aspects. Hwever, as fr any applicatin f a standard, a refinement is required in rder t cnsider the specificities f lcal ATM peratinal and technical needs and cnstraints. 3. The achievement f the expected benefits f wrking statin design requires the successful matching f humans and systems. This crrespnds t the cncept f a s-called Jint Human-Machine System (JHMS) which cnsiders the user and the system as ne. The aim f human factrs in ATM is t match the specificatins f the wrking statin design with human capabilities and limitatins. 4. Design principles shuld meet generic standards and gd practices fr wrking statin design, whilst ensuring the design f wrking statins and the perating envirnment are tailred, frm user-centred perspective, t the lcal specificities f Air Navigatin Service Prviders (ANSPs) t ptimise human and technlgical perfrmance. The standards in questin are highlighted in the Appendix6. 5. Prject staff invlved in the delivery f changes t the ATM staff wrking statins shuld be aware f general human factrs, ergnmic principles and applicable standards. Prject staff shuld ensure that these principles are adequately cnsidered during this prcess f change. The cntinued use f human factrs and ergnmics specialists within prject teams is f high imprtance. 4 Specific recmmendatins This sectin utlines human dimensin issues that require specific attentin t ensure that the human is cnsidered apprpriately in the future design f ATM staff wrking statins. The EGHD s recmmendatins are structured int the fllwing fur sectins: 1. Strategic management f wrking statin design 2. Design f perating and technical cntrl rms 3. Design f wrking statin furniture 4. Design f the Human-Machine Interface 3 See Appendix fr a nn-exhaustive list f existing standards that the EGHD deems where gd practices may be derived frm. EGHD Page 2 f 14

3 4.1 Strategic management f wrking statin design Priritisatin f technlgical Wrk Package The current SESAR 2020 prgramme has a series f Wrk Packages that are develping cncepts that will impact the design f the HMI. Existing Wrk Packages are identifying features that will supprt imprved HMI design hwever, the ttality f changes is yet t be fully cnsidered tgether as part f a single HMI prject. Intrducing a transversal SESAR Wrk Package fr the develpment and validatin f cncepts addressing wrking statin design shuld be cnsidered. This Wrk Package shuld cnsider the EGHD s recmmendatins utlined in the subsequent three sectins. Where recmmendatins reference ATM-specific guidelines, these refer t tailred ATM guidance that are supplementary t existing human factrs and ergnmics standards. This Wrk Package shuld cnsider hw the future design f HMIs can supprt the integratin f bth existing and emerging cncepts and technlgies. 4 Indeed, integrating new slutins t wrking statins by neglecting integratin aspects with existing systems may have adverse human impacts. The strategic management f wrking statin design shuld therefre be viewed hlistically, based n a smart systems-integratin apprach f the latest technlgical develpments. 5 Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld cnsider intrducing a transversal SESAR Wrk Package that crdinates the develpment and validatin f cncepts which have an impact n wrking statin design. This Wrk Package shuld cnsider the design f perating and technical cntrl rms, wrking statin furniture, and the HMI, including hw future HMIs can supprt bth existing and emerging cncepts and technlgies. Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld ensure that prcedures are in place fr Prfessinal Staff Organisatins (PSOs) t be invlved in the definitin, develpment and implementatin f any new SESAR transversal Wrk Package this cncerns the develpment and validatin f cncepts that may have an impact n wrking statin design Prmtin f timely and strategic priritisatin f wrking statin upgrades The upgrade f ATM staff wrking statins within individual ANSPs is a cmplex task. The EGHD recgnises that sme wrking statins in ne ANSP unit are mre in need f upgrade than the wrking statins f anther ANSP unit. As a result, strategic priritisatin f wrking statin upgrades (by need, and by when) shuld be a pririty within individual ANSPs. It is thus advised that clear upgrade and implementatin strategies are in place within individual ANSPs. This prcess f strategic priritisatin will mean that thse units with mre technlgically-mature wrking statins, and thereby mre ptimally designed fr human perfrmance, can be leapfrgged, meaning the units that are mst in need f upgrade can be priritised first. 4 Fr example, Remtely Pilt Aircraft Systems, Time-Based Separatin, and System Wide Infrmatin Sharing. 5 See Appendix fr SESAR develpments regarding Cntrller Wrking Psitin / Human-Machine Interface. EGHD Page 3 f 14

4 Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld prmte the timely and strategic upgrade f ATM staff wrking statins in natinal ANSPs. This cncerns the design f perating and technical cntrl rms, wrk statin furniture, and the Jint Human-Machine System Harmnisatin f wrking statin design The Eurpean ATM netwrk is, in many cases, cmpsed f cuntry-based systems and prcesses. This increases fragmentatin in the prvisin f Air Traffic Services (ATS) and diversity in terms f wrking statin design. Harmnisatin will lead t greater unifrmity in wrking statin design. This will be an enabler fr enhanced efficiency when rganising ATS peratins, and imprve staff mbility in and between Air Traffic Service Units (ATSUs). Rm fr flexibility t adapt t lcal specificities shuld be maintained, even if in a mre standardised cntext. Adaptin t lcal specificities is required t ensure ptimal lcal perfrmance. Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t ensure the harmnisatin f future wrking statin designs, based n generic human factrs and ergnmics standards. This will help t enhance efficiency when rganising ATS peratins and imprve staff mbility in and between ATSUs. 4.2 Design f perating and technical cntrl rms Layut f perating and technical cntrl rms Clear and efficient cmmunicatin is paramunt within ATM. This shuld nt nly be the case between ATCOs and pilts fr ensuring the safe prvisin f ATC fr handled aircraft, but als between ATM staff within the perating rm itself, r in adjacent c-lcated rms and between ANSPs. Operating and technical rms shuld be designed in an ptimal cnfiguratin t prmte active participatin and cperatin thrugh effective verbal and nn-verbal cmmunicatin between staff. The design f perating and technical cntrl rms shuld prvide slutins fr infrmatin sharing t enhance mutual awareness (e.g. a shared vide screens / walls, r visibility f ne wrking statin t an adjacent wrking statin). Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t ensure the ptimal design f the layut f perating and technical cntrl rms. This shuld prmte active participatin, effective verbal and nn-verbal cmmunicatin between staff, and t ensure infrmatin sharing t enhance mutual awareness Envirnmental factrs Wrking cnditins in the perating and technical cntrl rms such as lighting, sund (eching), nise, heating and ventilatin can result in sub-ptimal human perfrmance if nt managed effectively. This may impact upn the health, wellbeing, cmfrt and prductivity f ATM staff. Individual cntrl ver envirnmental factrs ffers ATM staff the pssibility t refine their lcal envirnment t their preferred physical cnditins, which may differ frm the average recmmended cnditins utlined in standards. Fr example, specific actin t reduce ech issues in perating and EGHD Page 4 f 14

5 technical cntrl rms may require specific sund eching systems r sund insulatin. The EGHD endrses the benefits f this apprach as it cntributes t enhanced perfrmance f ATM staff. Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t ensure that envirnmental factrs are apprpriately cnsidered in the design f perating and technical cntrl rms. Existing standards and the lcal specificities shuld be cnsidered when defining the assciated peratinal requirements and technical specificatins Cntingency and simulatin rms As part f future perating and technical cntrl rm upgrades, cntingency and simulatin rms shuld be designed identically (as far as technically pssible) t nrmal perating rms. Cntingency rms refer t thse specifically designed fr cntinuity f peratins within the same Area f Respnsibility (AR). Fr cntingency, harmnisatin is an enabler fr service cntinuity in the case that ATM staff are required t mve t an alternative perating r technical cntrl rm. In such instances, ATM staff may be required t resume their tasks in the alternative facility at shrt ntice, in a safe and efficient manner. This will effectively cntribute t enhanced prcedural memry f ATM staff (i.e. autmated reactins within a familiar envirnment). Additinally, fr simulatin rms, harmnisatin will help t replicate real-time peratinal envirnments which will imprve the effectiveness f trials f new airspace and technlgy changes whilst helping t realise efficiencies in training-related csts. 6 Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t prmte the harmnisatin in design f cntingency and simulatin rms with nrmal perating rms. 4.3 Design f wrking statin furniture ATM staff wrking statin furniture is nt always designed ptimally fr human perfrmance. Sme f the issues with the physical ergnmics f wrking statin designs have principally cncerned the increase in the likelihd f develping musculskeletal and cmputer visin syndrme risk factrs. These include: Awkward pstures e.g. pr back psture, t many screens that result in turning the head t view a particular screen; Repetitin and duratin f a task; Envirnmental factrs e.g. lighting, nise, heat and ventilatin (see Sectin 4.2.2); Mnitr psitin e.g. number f screens, distance f screens, angle in relatin t user s eyes, and glare; Inadequate visin breaks cnstant fcusing at the same distance; Brightness and cntrast f screens. Wrking statins shuld be designed with the frnt-end user in mind (e.g. flexibility f desk height, adjustable keybard height / angle, backrest angle, screen psitin / angle, adjustable screen 6 See Article 4 f Regulatin (EU) 2015/340 fr definitins f simulatr (definitin 25) and synthetic training device (definitin 26). EGHD Page 5 f 14

6 brightness). They shuld als be designed in line with human factrs and ergnmics standards and existing gd practices frm ther human-centric industries (e.g. cckpits). T reduce the likelihd f the afrementined risk factrs, ATM staff need t be prvided with means t fine-tune their individual wrking statin (e.g. t enable gd psture). Ultimately, gd design practices shuld lead t the apprpriate use f such designs. Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing human factrs and ergnmics standards t ensure that wrking statin furniture is ptimally designed fr human perfrmance. T d s, it is necessary t cnsider lcal specificities when defining assciated peratinal requirements and technical specificatins. 4.4 Design f the Human-Machine Interface The HMI (e.g. screens, devices, alerting systems) must be apprpriately designed and validated frm a user s pint-f-view. The EGHD believes that the fllwing areas require specific attentin: Size f screens ATM staff shuld be presented with clear, cncise and apprpriate infrmatin t perfrm their peratinal tasks. This is fundamental t ensuring that ATM staff have the highest degree f situatinal awareness. One ntable example is the surveillance picture which is a fundamental requirement within an ATCO staff wrking statin. The size f the screen shuld be fit-fr-purpse by ensuring screens display key pieces f infrmatin in the crrect rientatin and scale. T demnstrate this, the shape f the screen may mean that the entire sectr cannt be fully r clearly displayed. Oversized screens may als blck the line-f-sight f the ATM staff actr. T ensure an apprpriate level f situatinal awareness, ATM staff shuld be prvided with all relevant infrmatin useful fr the executin f their tasks. T avid screen vercrwding, the ATM staff actr shuld als have the means t display and hide certain infrmatin (e.g. squawk, ruting, aircraft type, wake turbulence categry). Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing human factrs and ergnmics standards t ensure the clarity f infrmatin presented n screens Number f display screens and input devices One f the greatest issues facing the existing design f ATM staff wrking statins are the number f screens and input devices, such as mice and keybards, that ATM staff rely n t execute their peratinal tasks. Currently, there are cases in Eurpe where ATM staff actrs are expsed t at least five display screens at a single wrking statin. ATSEP face a unique issue where infrmatin is ften presented by up t a dzen display screens acrss multiple wrking statins. This results in ATM staff being unable t quickly access the infrmatin they require, and at the time they require it. In additin, this creates the risk f errrs when selecting equipment during highpressured situatins. This ver-crwding f the wrking statin will lead t a sub-ptimal rganisatin f the devices n the desk which have, in sme cases, negatively impacted an ATM staff actr s wrking efficiency. EGHD Page 6 f 14

7 Timely, apprpriate, accurate and an adequate amunt f infrmatin must therefre be presented t the ATM staff actr fr the ptimal fulfilment f tasks. If infrmatin prvided by a nn-ptimal number r cnfiguratin f screens verwhelms the ATM staff actrs cgnitive capacities, critical infrmatin culd either be missed r misinterpreted. This culd have a detrimental impact n perfrmance and safety. Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing generic human factrs and ergnmics standards that ensure the number f screens n a wrking statin des nt hinder the ATM staff actr s ability t carry their tasks safely and efficiently Presentatin f infrmatin The manner in which infrmatin is presented is a key cncern fr the EGHD, as this is clsely related t the efficiency and safety f an ATM staff actr s task accmplishment. Infrmatin presentatin n screens shuld ensure gd accessibility, awareness, intuitiveness and understanding by users. Despite the variety in ATM staff wrking statin designs, the HMI shuld be designed in such a way that infrmatin is presented accrding t a set f cmmn functinal capabilities required f the JHMS. Therefre, cnsistency, unifrmity, clarity and usefulness f the infrmatin being presented shuld be ensured. This is particularly pertinent fr ATSEP wrking statins. It is cmmn fr ATSEP t interpret infrmatin frm multiple HMIs (each with their wn unique layut). These differences can cause errrs and the misinterpretatin f infrmatin, and thus the HMI f different systems shuld be unifrm by adhering t a standard layut t ensure that infrmatin presented is as clear as pssible. This can be achieved by the definitin f a generic integrative HMI that applies the same design rules fr all systems. This is a key enabler fr safe and efficient ATM peratins. Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing generic human factrs and ergnmic standards t ensure that HMI design allws an efficient presentatin f infrmatin based n a set f defined functinal capabilities. This includes ensuring that the infrmatin presented is cnsistent, unifrm, clear, nn-ambiguus, useful and intuitive Alerting and mnitring tls fr ATM staff ATCO The detectin f alerts in a timely fashin is a key safety cncern fr ATCO peratins. In sme instances, alerts may nt be relevant in a given cntext. In ther instances, alerts may nt be perceived in time fr executing the recvery actin. T mitigate sme f these adverse impacts, smart and efficient alerting systems shuld be integrated int the ATCO wrking statin. Sme examples are included belw: Alerting f safety-nets must be perceived. Alert levels culd be increased when an alert, that requires a timely recvery actin, is nt detected in time. The type f alert culd be adapted t the cntext and urgency f the situatin. The type f alert shuld be adapted t the wrking envirnment f the ATCOs invlved t avid startling and unintended distractin fr ther ATCOs (e.g. use f sunds and visuals). EGHD Page 7 f 14

8 Infrmatin cding fr alerts culd be intrduced. This culd mean that, in sme instances, alerts r warnings culd be autmatically inhibited t reduce infrmatin verlading. AIS / AIM persnnel T ensure the safe, dynamic and integrated management f aernautical infrmatin, AIS / AIM persnnel require smart alerting and mnitring tls t prvide and exchange quality-assured digital aernautical data with all relevant stakehlders. Sme examples are included belw: ATSEP Alerting f safety-critical peratins must be perceived. Alert levels culd be increased when an alert, that requires a timely recvery actin, is nt detected in time. The type f alert culd be adapted t the cntext and urgency f the situatin. The type f alert shuld be adapted t the wrking envirnment f the AIS / AIM persnnel invlved t avid startling and unintended distractin fr ther AIS / AIM persnnel (e.g. use f sunds and visuals). Under nrmal perating cnditins, the respnsibility f the ATSEP is t mnitr the perfrmance f the HMI prcess and als f the wider ATM system. Hwever, in the case that a system begins t fail r tends twards a mre degraded mde f peratin, the ATSEP n duty will take cntrl f the technical prcesses, leave aside his / her mnitring f the functining system(s), fcus and divert their attentin t the prblematic system(s) at hand. T adequately manage the ptential adverse impacts f the increasing digitalisatin f ATM (e.g. cyber-attacks), the future design f the HMI shuld ffer technical staff the necessary supprting tls and infrmatin t perfrm their tasks. In particular, there is a need fr rbust smart alerting and mnitring tls t infrm ATSEP f ptential threats t the ATM system with the intentin f facilitating service cntinuity. Fr example: T alert and assist in the case f a system malfunctin, the HMI shuld be equipped with sftware tls t supprt infrmatin sharing and easy debriefing between ATSEP during the handver f shifts. Specific alerting tls shuld be integrated int the HMI t infrm the ATSEP f ptential malfunctins, degradatins, r threats that culd negatively impact the ATM system. Specific tls shuld be integrated int the HMI t lg all previus technical malfunctins, degradatins r threats (including the causes and effects). This can help t prmte lessns learnt, and fr ATM staff actrs t better prepare fr, and manage, such risks in future. T facilitate system-wide technical situatinal awareness, specific cybersecurity mnitring tls shuld be integrated int existing mnitring systems. This shuld be a transversal service t be mnitred distinctly by an ATSEP with apprpriate cybersecurity cmpetence in accrdance with Annex XIII Subpart A f Cmmissin Implementing Regulatin (EU) 2017/ The type f alert culd be adapted t the cntext and urgency f the situatin. The type f alert shuld be adapted t the wrking envirnment f the ATM staff invlved t avid startling and unintended distractin fr ther ATM staff (e.g. use f sunds and visuals). 7 Annex XIII Subpart A AIR TRAFFIC SAFETY ELECTRONIC PERSONNEL EGHD Page 8 f 14

9 Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld ensure that ATM-specific guidelines are intrduced t ensure that smart alerting and mnitring tls are integrated int future Human-Machine Interfaces t supprt ATM staff during the executin f their day-t-day tasks Management f wrklad and fatigue It is essential that ATM staff understand the ptential risks f fatigue, the range f human capabilities, and hw t manage r mitigate these risks and limitatins thrugh imprvements t the JHMS. ATM staff wrklad is a crucial indicatr that ANSP s shuld cnsider during shift changes. Additinally, ANSP s may als wish t mnitr varius aspects f human perfrmance such as cgnitive wrklad, inattentinal blindness and fatigue, the latter f which cmes under Cmmissin Implementing Regulatin (EU) 2017/373 fr ATM / ANS prviders. 8 T mnitr an ATM staff actr s human perfrmance, new tls may be integrated int wrking statin designs. These tls may include: Dedicated tls n the supervisr s wrking statin t ensure they are able t anticipate an ATM staff actr s wrklad and fatigue. Dedicated tls n the wrking statin t allw an ATM staff actr t mnitr their wn wrklad (e.g. lg-in access t retrieve bth subjective and bjective infrmatin). Future research and develpment activities fr the design f wrk statins shuld als fcus n the way human perfrmance neurmetrics tls culd be integrated int the HMI. Tls such as vice analyser, drwsiness meters (linked t mental wrklad), pupil diameter measurers (linked t mental wrklad / fatigue), and eye-tracking slutins (t address inattentinal blindness) may help t supprt the transitin t higher autmatin levels in ATM. At the same time, these tls may help t analyse and manage the ptential adverse impacts n human perfrmance. The EGHD supprts the use f any utput frm mnitring tls t implement psitive change in the wrkplace in particular, the effective management f the wrklad f all ATM staff, and ensuring the safe and cntinuus prvisin f the ATM service. As a result, infrmatin retrieved frm mnitring tls shall nly be used within EU General Data Prtectin laws and nt be used fr the purpses f administrative actin against ATM staff. Recmmendatin The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld develp rules t manage the intrductin f human perfrmance mnitring tls that are integrated int the future design f Human-Machine Interfaces. These tls shuld ensure that the wrklad and fatigue f ATM staff are mnitred, and infrmatin is nly used t imprve the safety f the ATM service, and nt be made available fr the purpses f administrative actin against ATM staff. 5 Cnclusin The EGHD requests that the Cmmissin cnsiders the five human dimensin principles identified as fundamental t the design f ATM staff wrking statins, and the fllwing 13 recmmendatins n tpics that require specific attentin t ensure that the ptential impacts n the human dimensin are adequately managed. 8 Cmmissin Implementing Regulatin (EU) 2017/373 ATS.OR.315 Fatigue EGHD Page 9 f 14

10 5.1 Principles Principle 1 Principle 2 Principle 3 Principle 4 Principle 5 ATM staff are the frnt-end users f wrking statin designs, and therefre ATM staff shuld be invlved frm the beginning f the prcess t design future wrking statin cncepts and technlgies. The design f ATM staff wrking statins and the perating envirnment shuld take int accunt gd design practices and standards that have been defined generically (i.e. nn-atm) fr use in Human-Machine Interface design, cntrl rm layuts and envirnmental aspects. Hwever, as fr any applicatin f a standard, a refinement is required in rder t cnsider the specificities f the ATM peratinal and technical needs and cnstraints. The achievement f the expected benefits f wrking statin design requires the successful matching f humans and systems. This crrespnds t the cncept f a s-called Jint Human-Machine System (JHMS) which cnsiders the user and the system as ne. The aim f human factrs in ATM is t match the specificatins f the wrking statin design with human capabilities and limitatins. Design principles shuld meet generic standards and gd practices fr wrking statin design, whilst ensuring the design f wrking statins and the perating envirnment are tailred, frm user-centred perspective, t the lcal specificities f Air Navigatin Service Prviders (ANSPs) t ptimise human and technlgical perfrmance. The standards in questin are highlighted in the Appendix. Prject staff invlved in the delivery f changes t the ATM staff wrking statins shuld be aware f general human factrs, ergnmic principles and applicable standards. Prject staff shuld ensure that these principles are adequately cnsidered during this prcess f change. The cntinued use f human factrs and ergnmics specialists within prject teams is f high imprtance. EGHD Page 10 f 14

11 5.2 Recmmendatins Recmmendatin 1 Recmmendatin 2 Recmmendatin 3 Recmmendatin 4 Recmmendatin 5 Recmmendatin 6 Recmmendatin 7 Recmmendatin 8 Recmmendatin 9 The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld cnsider intrducing a transversal SESAR Wrk Package that crdinates the develpment and validatin f cncepts which have an impact n wrking statin design. This Wrk Package shuld cnsider the design f perating and technical cntrl rms, wrking statin furniture, and the HMI, including hw future HMIs can supprt bth existing and emerging cncepts and technlgies. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld ensure that prcedures are in place fr Prfessinal Staff Organisatins (PSOs) t be invlved in the definitin, develpment and implementatin f any new SESAR transversal Wrk Package this cncerns the develpment and validatin f cncepts that may have an impact n wrking statin design. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld prmte the timely and strategic upgrade f ATM staff wrking statins in natinal ANSPs. This cncerns the design f perating and technical cntrl rms, wrk statin furniture, and the Jint Human-Machine System. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t ensure the harmnisatin f future wrking statin designs, based n generic human factrs and ergnmics standards. This will help t enhance efficiency when rganising ATS peratins and imprve staff mbility in and between ATSUs. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t ensure the ptimal design f the layut f perating and technical cntrl rms. This shuld prmte active participatin, effective verbal and nn-verbal cmmunicatin between staff, and t ensure infrmatin sharing t enhance mutual awareness. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t ensure that envirnmental factrs are apprpriately cnsidered in the design f perating and technical cntrl rms. Existing standards and the lcal specificities shuld be cnsidered when defining the assciated peratinal requirements and technical specificatins. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t prmte the harmnisatin in design f cntingency and simulatin rms with nrmal perating rms. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing human factrs and ergnmics standards t ensure that wrking statin furniture is ptimally designed fr human perfrmance. T d s, it is necessary t cnsider lcal specificities when defining assciated peratinal requirements and technical specificatins. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing human factrs and ergnmics standards t ensure the clarity f infrmatin presented n screens. EGHD Page 11 f 14

12 Recmmendatin 10 Recmmendatin 11 Recmmendatin 12 Recmmendatin 13 The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing generic human factrs and ergnmics standards that ensure the number f screens n a wrking statin des nt hinder the ATM staff actr s ability t carry their tasks safely and efficiently. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t supplement existing generic human factrs and ergnmic standards t ensure that HMI design allws an efficient presentatin f infrmatin based n a set f defined functinal capabilities. This includes ensuring that the infrmatin presented is cnsistent, unifrm, clear, nnambiguus, useful and intuitive. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld intrduce ATM-specific guidelines t ensure that smart alerting and mnitring tls are integrated int future Human-Machine Interfaces. This will supprt ATM staff in their executin f day-t-day tasks. The EC, with the relevant authrities, shuld develp rules t manage the intrductin f human perfrmance mnitring tls that are integrated int the future design f Human-Machine Interfaces. These tls shuld ensure that the wrklad and fatigue f ATM staff are mnitred, and infrmatin is nly used t imprve the safety f the ATM service, and nt be made available fr the purpses f administrative actin against ATM staff. EGHD Page 12 f 14

13 6 Appendix Develpments in SESAR Prject ID: PJ16 Cntrller Wrking Psitin / Human Machine Interface Prject Duratin: 1 st Nvember 2016 t 31 st December 2019 PJ16 aims t reduce develpment and perating csts f ANSPs. These savings will ultimately benefit airlines and their custmers. It achieves this by delivering the ATM Master Plan gals, and updated as part f the 2018 ATM Master Plan campaign, fr a mre efficient deplyment f human resurces, a prgressive increase in autmatin supprt, the implementatin f virtualisatin technlgies and the use f standardised and interperable systems whilst increasing the safety level. This will be achieved via six cncepts: autmatic speech recgnitin, user prfile management, attentin guidance, multi-tuch inputs, efficient develpment prcesses and CWP virtualisatin. It shuld be nted that PJ16 des nt lk hlistically at HMI design. Applicable standards Applicable standards t the design f ATM staff wrk standards exist in bth civil and military dmains. The fllwing prvides a nn-exhaustive list f existing standards that the EGHD deems where gd practices may be derived frm: SESAR P D the Human Perfrmance (HP) Assessment Prcess serves t ensure that HP aspects are systematically identified and cnsidered in SESAR develpments. EASA CS 25 establishes certificatin specificatins and Acceptable Means f Cmpliance fr Large Aerplanes. The CS and assciated AMC Installed systems and equipment fr use by the flight crew fcus n human factrs aspects. FAA Guidance HF-STD-001 Human Factrs Design Standard prvides reference infrmatin t assist in the selectin, analysis, design, develpment, and evaluatin f new and mdified Federal Aviatin Administratin (FAA) systems and equipment. ICAO s Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) prvide air peratrs with infrmatin fr implementing an FRMS that is cnsistent with ICAO Standards and Recmmended Practices (SARPs). ICAO Human Factrs Training Manual (Dc 9683) summarises Human Factrs issues acrss multiple stages in the aviatin industry, including within ATM systems and air traffic cntrl prcesses. It als lists recmmended training fr all ATM staff. Cuncil Directive frm the Eurpean Cmmunity issued n 29 May 1990 addresses the minimum safety and health requirements fr wrk with display screen equipment. Defence Standard cmprises human factrs guidelines fr designers f military equipment. ARP4754 is a guideline frm SAE Internatinal, dealing with the develpment prcesses which supprt certificatin f Aircraft systems. ISO Ergnmics f human-system interactin describes the prcess and the assciated steps t cnsider human factrs issues frm design t peratins. EGHD Page 13 f 14

14 ISO 1503 Spatial rientatin and directin f mvement utlines design principles fr cntrls and displays. It emphasises the necessary uses f human perceptin characteristics, part f the bdy which perates the mvement and the task t be perfrmed when a cntrl, display r wrkplace is t be designed. ISO 9241 Ergnmics f human-system interactin prvides guidance n human-centred design thrughut the life-cycle f any cmputer-based interactive system and addresses the ergnmic requirements fr bth hardware and sftware. This includes: Part 100: Intrductin t standards related t sftware ergnmics Part 110: Dialgue principles Part 112: Principles fr the presentatin f infrmatin Part 125: Guidance n visual presentatin f infrmatin Part 129: Guidance n sftware individualizatin Part 161: Guidance n visual user interface elements Part 171: Guidance n sftware accessibility Part 210: Human-centred design fr interactive systems Part 300: Intrductin t electrnic visual display requirements Part 302: Terminlgy fr electrnic visual displays Part 303: Requirements fr electrnic visual displays Part 304: User perfrmance test methds fr electrnic visual displays Part 400: Principles and requirements fr physical input devices Part 410: Design criteria fr physical input devices ISO Ergnmic design f cntrl centres establishes a generic framewrk fr applying requirements and recmmendatins relating t ergnmic and human factrs in designing and evaluating cntrl centres with the view t eliminating r minimising the ptential fr human errrs. The ISA101 Cmmittee will establish standards, recmmended practices, and / r technical reprts pertaining t HMIs in manufacturing applicatins. ARINC 661 is a standard used by aircraft manufacturers t address many f the cncerns related t cckpit avinics displays design. It aims t nrmalise the definitin f a Cckpit Display System (CDS), and the cmmunicatin between the CDS and User Applicatins (UA) which manage aircraft avinics functins. BME 207 Intrductin t Bimechanics prvides anthrpmetric data (e.g. nrmalised mass and length f bdy segments) that are useful t the design f wrking psitins. EGHD Page 14 f 14