Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean AILAC. Ad-Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP)
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1 Independent Assciatin f Latin America and the Caribbean AILAC Ad-Hc Wrking Grup n the Durban Platfrm fr Enhanced Actin (ADP) Submissin n the ex-ante infrmatin requirements fr the cmmunicatin f INDCs and ex-ante assessment prcess 1. Fllwing the invitatin frm the ADP t Parties t make submissins with infrmatin, views and prpsals n the wrk f the Ad Hc Wrking Grup n the Durban Platfrm (ADP), AILAC presents this submissin in rder t advance the discussins under the ADP. This is ne f a set f three submissins, as fllws: Submissin n the ex-ante infrmatin requirements fr the cmmunicatin f INDCs and ex-ante assessment prcess Submissin n the legal architecture and structure f the elements f the 2015 agreement Submissin n Wrkstream 2 2. AILAC presents its views n the ex-ante infrmatin requirements fr the cmmunicatin f INDCs in three main sectins: A) General cnsideratins n the nature f INDCs; B) Specific ex-ante infrmatin requirements fr INDCs t be included in a decisin f the COP20 in Lima; and C) Prcess fr the ex-ante assessment f the INDCs. 3. The cnsideratins included here n INDCs and the ex-ante infrmatin stem frm the verarching visin that AILAC has f the 2015 agreement. The present submissin shuld be read in cnjunctin with AILAC s submissin n the legal architecture and structure f the elements f the 2015 agreement. 4. AILAC welcmes the draft decisin text presented by the C-Chairs n July 7 n Intended natinally determined cntributins f Parties in the cntext f the 2015 agreement. This submissin presents AILAC s views and prpsals with the aim f furthering the cllective wrk arund this matter. 1
2 A) General cnsideratins n the nature f the INDCs 5. AILAC has stated that the scpe f INDCs shuld include cntributins n mitigatin, adaptatin and means f implementatin. 6. Yet, mitigatin, adaptatin and means f implementatin shuld nt be treated symmetrically. They are different in nature and this difference must be reflected in the way we treat them under the new agreement. Sectins B and C belw n infrmatin requirements and ex-ante prcess will reflect the difference in treatment acrss the three issues. 7. The definitin f INDCs n issues ther than mitigatin shuld nt be at the expense f the required mitigatin ambitin t achieve the 2ºC/1.5ºC gal. 8. In fact, the effrts that a party undertakes n ne issue must nt substitute r cmpensate fr the effrts undertaken n ther issues. In that sense, the effrts made by parties n adaptatin and means f implementatin d nt substitute fr r cmpensate fr the effrts that they must undertake n mitigatin. 9. All cntributins are natinally determined; cuntries will determine what they can and want t put frward. The principles f svereignty and CBDR-RC are inherent in this prcess. 10. The definitin f INDCs shuld nt impse an unfair burden n the mst vulnerable cuntries, and shuld always take int accunt each cuntry s capabilities, and respnsibility, including, in particular, histric respnsibilities; INDCs shuld enhance cllabratin and universal participatin. 11. Fllwing the mandate frm decisin 1.CP/19, the Lima COP needs t decide n the minimum exante infrmatin required when Parties cmmunicate their INDCs. 12. In AILAC s view, the Lima COP shuld als make prgress n the ex-ante assessment prcess that wuld fllw the cmmunicatin f INDCs in rder t evaluate and inscribe them. Sectins B and C belw include specific cnsideratins n each f these issues. B) Specific ex-ante infrmatin requirements fr INDCs t be included in a decisin f the COP20 in Lima 13. The different nature f the tpics t be part f the INDCs translates int a need fr differentiated exante infrmatin requirements. 2
3 ADAPTATION 14. Having natinal cntributins n adaptatin serves multiple purpses and these purpses will shape the ptential UFI. These purpses include: 1. T cmmunicate hw parties will cntribute t the glbal gal n adaptatin 2. T help the internatinal cmmunity further understand the actins t be undertaken by parties, thereby facilitating cllabrative effrts amngst cuntries. 3. T fster natinal ambitius actin n climate change 4. T recgnize parties effrts t cmbat climate change 5. T facilitate ptential adaptatin actin as Parties distinguish adaptatin cntributins made with their wn resurces frm additinal adaptatin effrts they wuld carry ut with supprt. 15. At this juncture, AILAC des nt fresee mandatry minimum infrmatin requirements fr INDCs n adaptatin; hwever, Parties can be invited t prvide sufficient infrmatin n their planned adaptatin actins, accrding t their natinal capacities. 16. Cuntries can als be invited t prvide infrmatin n hw their planned adaptatin actins help prgress twards the achievement f the glbal adaptatin gal t be determined under the 2015 agreement. 17. Develped cuntries shuld als prvide pathways fr their prvisins fr climate finance fr adaptatin as part f their cntributins n means f implementatin - this pint is further develped belw under the sectin n means f implementatin. 18. Infrmatin n the planned adaptatin actins f Parties culd include basic details f the scpe f the natinal adaptatin cntributin, such as: the sectrs r gegraphic areas, the plicies included, and whether it is a Natinal Adaptatin Plan (r segment(s) f a NAP), a Lcal Adaptatin Plan (r segment(s) f a LAP) r a Natinal Adaptatin Prgramme f Actin (r segment(s) f a NAPA). 19. Whenever pssible, the exercise f determining adaptatin actins shuld take int accunt climate change scenaris and their freseen prjected impacts. 3
4 20. We d nt fresee an ex-ante assessment prcess ccurring beynd a natural cllabrative understanding f ther Parties adaptatin effrts in rder t explre frms f leveraging each ther s adaptatin actins. MITIGATION 21. It is fundamental t define clear mandatry minimum infrmatin requirements in rder t make mitigatin cntributins transparent, cmparable, and aggregatable at the glbal level. 22. T achieve this, cuntries shuld prvide the fllwing minimum infrmatin n each f their mitigatin cntributins: Type f target (inter alia, fixed level belw a baseline year, carbn budget, reductin in GHG intensity, reductin in emissins relative t BAU, prgram r plicy); Scpe f the target (s) (inter alia, ecnmy-wide, sectrial, territrial); Timeframe (baseline year, time cvered by the cntributin trajectry f the target); Gases cvered; Expected emissins reductins r remvals; Methdlgy used fr accunting including, where applicable, the treatment f emissins and remvals frm the land sectr; Estimated use f internatinal market mechanisms, including hw they will ensure envirnmental integrity and avid duble cunting f units. 23. In additin, fr develping cuntries: Identificatin f the level f ambitin t be achieved thrugh natinal actins, and the level f additinal ambitin that culd be reached with internatinal supprt. 24. Cuntries shuld als be invited t include infrmatin n hw their mitigatin cntributin respnds t the principle f equity and is based n the requirements defined by science in rder t achieve the 2ºC glbal gal, including the indicatrs used. 4
5 MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION 25. It is als necessary t define sme general infrmatin requirements fr cntributins n means f implementatin, which will help cuntries better cmmunicate their effrts in this area, and clarify the basis upn which actins n adaptatin and mitigatin are made pssible. 26. T achieve this, cuntries shuld prvide the fllwing infrmatin n their means f implementatin cntributin: Plicies and measures n hw cuntries pan t prgress n the pathway t achieving the cllective glbal gal t be defined fr the prvisin f means f implementatin in the 2015 agreement; Effrts t mbilize and prvide means f implementatin fr dmestic climate actin, and/r effrts t enhance the natinal enabling envirnment fr increasing the means f implementatin fr climate actin; Any infrmatin available n the internatinal prvisin f any means f implementatin (finance and/r technlgy transfer and/r capacity building), t be prvided by develped cuntries and ther cuntries in a psitin t d s. 27. In additin, develped cuntries and ther cuntries in a psitin t d s shuld include infrmatin n: Their respective shrt-term quantified gal n the prvisin f public finance, t be set fr the same time perid as the ne set fr the mitigatin cntributins, and t be revised upwards at the same time intervals; The annual expected levels f climate finance that define the pathway twards achieving the shrt-term cllective quantified gal t be defined as part f the 2015 agreement which shuld sustain and surpass the already agreed USD $ 100 billin gal, including the specific surces f the funds t be prvided. Detail n their future cntributins t the GCF and GEF (grants and grant cmpnents f cncessinal lans); cntributins t the Adaptatin Fund, LCDF and SCCF; cntributins t the Climate Investment Funds (CIF); cntributin t ther Trust Funds managed by Multilateral, Reginal r Natinal Develpment Banks; grants and grant cmpnents f cncessinal lans prvided t develping cuntries by Natinal Develpment Banks and 5
6 Agencies (bilateral); climate-related ODA; ther fficial flws (OOF); and data r estimates n private resurces directly mbilized by public funds. C) Prcesses fr ex-ante assessment f INDCs 28. Fr AILAC, a decisin needs t be taken by COP20 in Lima n the ex-ante assessment prcess, in rder fr this prcess t start in the secnd quarter f In its submissin n the legal architecture and structure f the elements f the 2015 agreement, AILAC explained its views n the prcess fr defining cntributins, cmmitments, and their revisin in the future. That prcess is summarized 1 here: First step: ex-ante infrmatin requirements are agreed by COP20 in Lima. Secnd step: Cuntries cmmunicate their INDCs in cuntry cntributin dcuments. Third step: an ex-ante assessment prcess takes place fr cntributins n mitigatin and means f implementatin. Furth step: After the assessment the cuntry cntributins can be mdified if necessary, and inscribed in a public repsitry f cmmitted cuntry cntributin dcuments. Fifth step: During the cntributin perid parties reprt n their prgress tward fulfilling their cntributins in their Biennial Reprts, Biennial Update Reprts and Natinal Cmmunicatins. Sixth step: an ex-pst revisin prcess takes place. Seventh step: Cuntries cmmunicate their secnd rund f INDCs fr the subsequent perid, and the same prcess described abve takes place. 30. The third step n the ex-ante assessment prcess is described belw in detail. 31. Clarificatin must be made n the difference between adaptatin, mitigatin, and means f implementatin cntributins in terms f the ex-ante assessment. Each f the three issues shuld be treated accrding t their nature, and therefre the ex-ante assessment applies differently t each f them. 1 AILAC has presented a separate submissin n the legal architecture and structure f the elements f the 2015 agreement, where this prcess is explained with detail. Bth submissins shuld be read in cnjunctin. 6
7 ADAPTATION 32. There shuld be n ex-ante assessment prcess fr adaptatin; in the lng term, an ex-pst cnsultative prcesses culd be designed as a facilitative ne, t supprt cuntries in strengthening their individual and cllective understanding f prgress made twards achieving greater resilience and effectiveness f adaptatin actins. MITIGATION 33. The prcess f ex-ante assessment f mitigatin cntributins shuld serve tw purpses: first, t assess whether a Party s INDC is equitable, and secnd, t assess whether the aggregate mitigatin level f Parties cntributins is adequate t achieve the glbal gals n mitigatin. 34. This type f ex-ante assessment is therefre nly applicable t cntributins n mitigatin. 35. The assessment prcess wuld take place as fllws: Timing: the assessment f cntributins will take place in the subsequent quarter f the year in which the INDC was cmmunicated (i.e. fr thse wh present INDCs in the first quarter f 2015, the assessment takes place during the secnd quarter; fr thse wh present in the secnd quarter, the assessment takes places in the third quarter, and s n). Mdalities: a. Fr the assessment f the adequacy f the INDCs, a mandate culd be given t a Task Frce f expert scientists selected frm the rster f experts wrking in the IPCC wrking grup III (with reginal representatin) r anther technical expert grup such as the United Natins Envirnmental Prgramme (UNEP), t cnsider the INDCs presented thrughut an entire year, and t prduce a public reprt befre the end f the subsequent quarter, n: i) the adequacy f the ttal aggregate mitigatin effrt in light f the 2ºC glbal gal and the glbal gal n mitigatin t be agreed under the 2015 agreement; and ii) facilitative recmmendatins t cuntries n hw t enhance their INDCs. b. Fr the assessment f the equity f the INDCs, a mandate culd be given t SBSTA, t cnsider the INDCs presented in every given quarter f the year, fcusing n the 7
8 criteria that each Party has included as a fundatin fr defining the fairness f their wn cntributin; the Secretariat culd be given a mandate t publish a technical reprt befre the end f the subsequent quarter, n SBSTA s cnsideratins. c. In bth the adequacy and the fairness and equity prcesses the respective bdies culd receive inputs frm nn-state actrs in written frm as valuable infrmatin t be taken int accunt fr the prcess. Outcme: the tw reprts described abve are t be made public at the UNFCCC website, and cmmunicated t the Parties whse INDCs have been subject t the assessment. Parties can decide t revise their prpsed INDCs befre these are inscribed in the repsitry, using the tw reprts as a significant input. MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION 36. Cntributins n means f implementatin shuld als underg an ex-ante assessment with fur purpses: First, t evaluate the cllective prgress thrugh all cuntries cntributins n this issue twards the achievement f the glbal lng-term gal n means f implementatin t be defined under the 2015 Agreement; Secnd, t assess the cmparability f cntributins by develped cuntries; Third, t assess the adequacy f the aggregated quantified cntributins f develped cuntries in light f the necessary pathway twards the achievement f the shrt-term cllective quantified gal t be defined as part f the 2015 Agreement; Furth, t assess the fair share f the cntributins f develped cuntries f the shrtterm cllective quantified gal t be defined as part f the 2015 Agreement. 37. Given the difference in the nature f what is assessed and in the purpse f the assessment, this exante assessment prcess is nly applicable t the area f means f implementatin. 38. The assessment prcess wuld take place as fllws: Timing: the assessment f cntributins n means f implementatin will take place in the subsequent quarter f the year in which the INDC was cmmunicated (i.e. fr thse wh present INDCs in the first quarter f 2015, the assessment takes place during the 8
9 secnd quarter; fr thse wh present in the secnd quarter, the assessment takes places in the third quarter, and s n). Mdalities: d. A mandate culd be given t the Standing Cmmittee n Finance and the Technlgy Executive Cmmittee t frm a Task Frce fr the INDC prcess. e. A mandate culd be given t the Task Frce, t cmpile and assess the cntributins n means f implementatin presented in INDCs in every given quarter f the year, and prduce a public reprt befre the end f the subsequent quarter, n: i) the cllective prgress twards the achievement f the glbal lng term gal n means f implementatin t be defined under the 2015 agreement; ii) the adequacy f the individual cntributins f develped cuntry parties in light f the necessary trajectry t achieve the shrt-term cllective quantified gal, their cmparability and their fair share; and iii) facilitative recmmendatins t cuntries n hw t enhance their INDCs. f. The Task Frce culd receive inputs frm nn-state actrs in written frm as valuable infrmatin t be taken int accunt fr the prcess. Outcme: the reprt described abve is t be made public n the UNFCCC website, and cmmunicated t the Parties whse INDCs have been subject t the assessment. Parties can decide t revise their prpsed INDCs befre these are inscribed in the repsitry, using the reprt as a significant input. THE CRUCIAL ROLE OF UP FRONT INFORMATION AND EX-ANTE ASSESSMENT FOR DELIVERING ON THE OBJECTIVE OF THE CONVENTION 39. AILAC reinfrces the imprtance f a decisin at COP20 n INDCs, up frnt infrmatin, and the exante assessment prcess, in rder t fster ur cllective prgress twards cmmn glbal gals and the bjective f the Cnventin. 40. Up-frnt infrmatin is imprtant fr understanding parties individual and aggregate rle in meeting the Cnventin s bjective and fr ensuring cmparability f effrts. It will allw parties t identify 9
10 needs and pprtunities fr cllabratin and the realizatin f enhanced actin, in respnse t the ADP s cre mandate. 41. Up-frnt infrmatin will prvide the necessary signals t the private sectr at the natinal and glbal levels, in rder t fster ambitius natinal actin n mitigatin and adaptatin, as well as t identify pprtunities fr using mechanisms such as markets, and ther varius appraches. 42. The Lima decisins n INDCs, up-frnt infrmatin and ex-ante assessment will prvide the aspects f a tp-dwn, rules-based apprach that is indispensible t the lng-term rbustness, viability and effectiveness f the pst 2020 regime. 10
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