Direktbefestigung. Technology. Manual Direct Fastening Technology Manual Edition May 2015 I

Transcription

1 Hiti = registered trademark of Hiti Corp., Schaan W en 1 Printed in Germany 2015 Right of technica and programme changes reserved S. E. & O. Direct Fastening Technoogy Manua 2015 Handbuch Direct Fastening der Direktbefestigung Technoogy 2014 Manua Edition May 2015 I

2 Contents Contents Hiti Direct Fastening System Part 1: Fastener seection guide Fastener seection guide 6 Nais and Stud designation 12 Part 2: Trade appication guide A Stee and Meta 16 Petrochemica, Power, Mining, Shipbuiding, Industria 24 Mechanica and Eectrica 32 Buiding Construction 40 Interior Finishing 50 Wood Framing 54 Part 3: DX & GX toos and equipment B DX 460 Genera Purpose Too 61 DX DX E72 67 DX 36, DX 2 68 DX 76 PTR 69 DX DX-860 Too for Decking 75 Cartridges 76 GX 90 WF 77 GX 100, GX 100-E Gas Too for Interior Finishing and for Eectrica Appications 78 GX 120, GX120-ME Gas Too for Interior Finishing and for Eectrica Appications 79 Tips for users ( Troube Shooting ) 80 Part 4: DX and GX fasteners Siding and Decking Nais C X-ENP Siding and Decking Nai 87 SDK2, PDK2 Seaing Caps for Cadding Fastening 95 ENP2K Siding and Decking Nai 97 X-HSN 24, X-EDNK 22 THQ12, X-EDN19 THQ12 Diaphragm Decking Nais 103 NPH Siding and Decking Nais to Concrete 107 1

3 Contents Shear Connectors X-HVB Shear Connectors 111 Genera Purpose Nais D X-U Genera Purpose Nais for Concrete and Stee 119 X-C Nais for Concrete and Sand-ime Masonry 129 X-S Drywa Fasteners to Stee 135 X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN GX Fasteners 139 DS Heavy Duty Genera Purpose Nais for Concrete and Stee 145 EDS Nais for Fastening Stee to Stee 151 Appication Specific Nais E X-CR Stainess Stee Nais for Fastening to Stee 157 X-CR Stainess Stee Nais for Concrete, Sand-ime Masonry and Stee 161 X-CT Nais for Forming or other temporary uses 167 DNH, X-DKH DX-Kwik Nais 171 Threaded Studs F X-M6H, X-M8H DX-Kwik Threaded Studs 171 X-M6, X-W6, X-M8, M10 / W10 Threaded Studs for Concrete 177 X-EM6H/EW6H, X-EF7H, X-EM8H, X-EM10H/EW10H Threaded Studs for Stee 181 X-BT Stainess Stee Threaded Studs 187 X-CR M Stainess Stee Threaded Studs for Concrete and Stee 195 Grating and Pate Fastening System F X-FCM Grating Fastening System 201 X-GR Grating Fastening System 209 X-PGR-RU Grating Fastening System (Pre-dried) 213 X-MGR Grating Fastening System 217 X-FCP Checker Pate Fastening System 221 Fasteners for insuation soft materia and formwork G X-IE Wa Insuation Fastener 227 X-SW Soft Washer Fastener 231 X-FS Form Stop 235 C 2

4 Contents Hanger fasteners X-HS, X-CC Threaded Hanger and Loop Hanger Systems 237 X-EHS MX, X-ECC MX Eectrica Hanger Systems 243 X-HS-W Wire Hanging System 247 Eectrica fasteners G X-EKB, X-ECH Eectrica Cabe Fasteners 251 X-FB, (X-DFB/X-EMTC) Eectrica Conduit Fasteners 257 X-ECT MX, X-UCT MX, X-EKS MX Eectrica Cabe Tie, Conduit Cip Fastener 261 X-ET Fastening Pastic Eectrica Cabe Trays and Junction Boxes 265 Wood Nais H GX-WF Wood Framing Nais 269 Part 5: Direct fastening principes and technique 1. Introduction 281 G 1.1 Definitions and genera terminoogy Reasons for using powder or gas-actuated fastening Direct fastening appications The direct fastening system Fasteners Manufacturing process Fastener raw materia Powder- and gas-actuated toos Cartridges (powder oads, boosters) Heath and safety Operator safety Fastening safety Functiona safety DX Cartridge safety DX Toos safety Corrosion Corrosion protection of direct fastening systems Fastener seection 304 3

5 Contents 5. Stee base materia Anchoring mechanisms Factors infuencing pu-out resistance Suitabiity of the stee for fastening Appication imit diagrams Thin stee base materia Types of oad and modes of faiure Effect of fasteners on structura stee Concrete base materia Anchoring mechanisms Factors infuencing the resistance to pu-out Effect of time on pu-out resistance Effect on concrete components Masonry base materia Genera suitabiity Temperature effects on the fastening Effect of ow temperature on fasteners Effect of ow temperatures on fastenings to stee Fire rating of fastenings to stee Fire rating of fastenings to concrete Design concepts Determination of technica data for fastening design Fastenings to stee Profied sheet fastenings Fastenings to concrete (standard DX / GX) DX fastenings to concrete (DX-Kwik) Fastener design in the USA and Canada 352 Summary of Approvas Direct Fastening Approvas Nais 353 Nais Approvas 356 Aphabetica List of DX and GX Fasteners 362 4

6 Fastener seection guide Part 1: Fastener seection guide 5

7 Fastener seection guide Fastener seection guide Seecting the right fastener There are six fastener seection charts corresponding to six trade groups: Stee meta (e.g. siding and decking, cadding, grating) Petrochemica and industria (e.g. instaations, off-shore) Interior finishing (e.g. drywa, suspended ceiings) Genera construction (e.g. concrete forming, insuation) HVAC, pumbing and eectrica Wood framing To find a DX- or GX fastener for an appication, enter the appropriate trade group chart with the appication: Appication or materia to Base materia Environmenta Other conditions or conditions be fastened requirements DX fastener GX fastener Detaied technica information for the seected fastener famiy is found on its product information sheet. For some appications, two or more fastener famiies are isted as suitabe. The fina seection is infuenced by technica data found on the product sheets. Regiona differences in buiding methods, materias, trade preferences, avaiabe toos, etc. aso infuence fastener seection. Therefore, designers and specifiers are advised to consut the current Hiti cataogue and make use of the oca Hiti technica advisory service. Corrosion Corrosion has a major infuence on the suitabiity of a fastener and therefore aso on fastener seection. In order to provide a basis for judging the suitabiity of fasteners, it is usefu to categorise appications in three casses: Safety reevant, permanent appications: (e.g. profied meta sheet fastenings in roofs and was) Non-safety reevant, permanent fastenings (e.g. meta track fastenings for drywa) Non-safety reevant, temporary fastenings (e.g. fastenings of wooden sis, kickers, etc. in concrete forming). For non-safety-reevant appications, zinc-pated fasteners made of norma carbon stee can be used without restriction / 2013

8 Fastener seection guide For safety-reevant, permanent fastenings the restrictions described beow appy: In any case there is a restriction to the use of gavanized carbon stee fasteners if they are exposed to weather or if they are inside and subject to repeated wetting as from condensation. The gavanization (typicay in a range from 5 to 20 microns of Zn) provides corrosion protection during transport and construction, during which exposure to weather can never be competey prevented. If the fastenings are exposed to repeated wetting or weather during their service ife, the use of gavanized carbon stee fasteners is prohibited and stainess stee fasteners must be used. This safety measure must be observed without exception because the corrosion of gavanized stee fasteners eads not just to materia oss but aso to hydrogen embrittement. Hydrogen embrittement can easiy resut in fracture of the fastener at very ow oad. Referring to the above-mentioned exampe of profied meta sheet fastening for roofs and was, the use of gavanized stee fasteners is aowabe ony where wetting of the fastener is not to be expected. This appies in genera to inside skins of two skin, insuated roofs and was encosing dry and cosed rooms. This is the cassic appication area for X-ENP19 gavanized fasteners. Contact corrosion is taken into consideration by observing common rues concerning acceptabe materia combinations. Parts made of ess nobe metas are subject to increased corrosion if they are in eectrochemica contact with a arger part made of a more nobe meta, provided of course that an eectroyte is present. Fasteners that are used in wet areas must be at east as nobe or better, nober than the fastened part. The effect of contact corrosion is shown in the tabe beow. This information is especiay appicabe to stainess stee X-CR fasteners because ony the X-CR is suitabe for safety-reevant, permanent appication in outdoor areas or areas otherwise exposed to corrosion. Powder- and gas-actuated fastener: Fastened part Zinc-pated carbon stee X-CR stainess stee Construction stee (uncoated) Gavanized stee sheet Auminum aoy Stainess stee sheet Negigibe or no corrosion of fastener Heavy corrosion of fastener The acceerated corrosion of a fastener due to contact corrosion can take pace ony in the presence of an eectroyte (moisture from precipitation or condensation). Without this eectroyte e.g. in dry inside rooms zinc-pated fasteners can be used in connection with more nobe metas. 12 /

9 Fastener seection guide Design concepts The recommended working oads (N rec and V rec ) are suitabe for use in typica working oad designs. If a partia safety factor design method is to be used, the N rec and V rec vaues are conservative when used as N Rd and V Rd. Exact vaues for N Rd and V Rd can be determined by using the safety factors where given and/or by reviewing test data. Design oads (characteristic strength, design resistance and working oads) for the X-HVB shear connector are isted and ordered as per design guideine. Wordwide the designer may encounter two main fastening design concepts: Working oad concept Partia factors of safety N S N rec = N Rk γ GLOB N Sk γ F = N Sd N Rk γ M = N Rd where γ GLOB is an overa factor of safety incuding aowance for: errors in estimation of oad deviations in materia and workmanship and N S is, in genera a characteristic acting oad. N S N Sk where: γ F is a partia factor of safety to aow for errors in estimation on the acting oad. γ M is a partia factor of safety to aow for deviations in materia and workmanship. Structura anaysis of the fastened part (e.g. roof deck pane or pipe hung from a number of fastenings) eads to cacuation of the oad acting on a singe fastening, which is then compared to the recommended oad (or design vaue of the resistance) for the fastener. In spite of this singe point design concept, it is necessary to ensure that there is sufficient redundancy that the faiure of a singe fastening wi not ead to coapse of the entire system. The od saying one bot is no bot appies aso to DX and GX fastening / 2013

10 Fastener seection guide Nomencature / symbos Foowing is a tabe of symbos and nomencature used in the technica data. Fastener test data and performance N and V F N s and V s F s N u and V u N u,m and V u,m S N test,k and V test,k N Rk and V Rk N Rd and V Rd Tensie and shear forces in a genera sense Combined force (resuting from N and V) in a genera sense Tensie and shear forces acting on a fastening in a design cacuation Combined force (resuting from N s and V s ) in a design cacuation Utimate tensie and shear forces that cause faiure of the fastening; statisticay, the reading for one specimen Average utimate tensie and shear forces that cause faiure of the fastening, statisticay, the average for a sampe of severa specimens The standard deviation of the sampe Characteristic tensie and shear resistance of test data, statisticay, the 5 % fractie. Characteristic tensie and shear resistance of the fastening used for fastening design; statisticay, the 5 % fractie. For exampe the characteristic strength of a fastening whose utimate strength can be described by a standard Gauss type distribution is cacuated by: N Rk = N u,m k S where k is a function of the sampe size, n and the desired confidence interva. Tensie and shear design force on the fastener shank N Rd = N Rk γ M and V Rd = V Rk γ M where γ M is a partia safety factor for the resistance of the fastening N rec and V rec Recommended tensie and shear force on the fastener shank N rec = N Rk γ GLOB and V rec = V Rk γ GLOB where γ GLOB is an overa factor of safety M rec Recommended working moment on the fastener shank M M rec = Rk γ where M GLOB RK is the characteristic moment resistance of the fastener shank and γ GLOB is an overa factor of safety. Uness otherwise stated on the product data sheets, the M rec vaues in this manua incude a safety factor of 2 for static oading. 12 /

11 Fastener seection guide Fastening detais h ET Penetration of the fastener point beow the surface of the base materia h NVS Nai head standoff above the surface fastened into (with nais, this is the surface of the fastened materia, with threaded studs, the surface of the base materia). t Thickness of the base materia t Thickness of the fastened materia Σt Tota thickness of the fastened materia (where more than one ayer is fastened) Characteristics of stee and other metas f y and f u Yied strength and utimate tensie strength of metas (in N/mm 2 or MPa) Characteristics of concrete and masonry f c f cc f c,100 / f cc,200 Compressive strength of cyinder (150 mm diameter, 300 mm height) Compressive strength of cube (150 mm edge ength) Compressive strength of 100 mm diameter cyinder / cube with 200 mm edge ength In some cases buiding materia grades are used to describe the suitabe range of appication. Exampes of European concrete grades are C20/25, C30/35, C50/55. Approvas, technica assessments and design guideines are given on the product information sheets as abbreviations of the names of the issuing institutes or agencies. Foowing is a ist of abbreviations: Abbreviation Name of institute or agency / description Country FM Factory Mutua (insurers technica service) USA UL Underwriters Laboratories (insurers technica service) USA ICC Internationa Code Counci USA SDI Stee Deck Institute (technica trade association) USA CSTB Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (approva agency) France DIBt Deutsche Institute für Bautechnik (approva agency) Germany SOCOTEC SOCOTEC (insurers technica service) France ÖNORM Österreichische Norm / Austrian Nationa Standard Austria SCI Stee Construction Institute Great Britain / 2013

12 Fastener seection guide ABS LR GL DNV American Bureau of Shipping (internationa cassification society for ship and marine structures) Loyd s Register (internationa cassification society for ship and marine structures) Germanischer Loyd (internationa cassification society for ship and marine structures) Det Norske Veritas (internationa cassification society for the marine and energy industry) 12 /

13 Nais and stud designation Nai designation X-C 32 P8 S23 T Appication: X-ENP Siding and Decking Nais X-ENP2K X-EDNK22 Diaphragm Decking Nais X-EDN19 NPH Siding and Decking Nais to Concrete X-U Universa Nais X-C Nais for Concrete and Sand ime-masonry X-S Drywa Fasteners to Stee X-EGN Gas Nais X-GHP X-GN DS Heavy Duty Nais for Concrete and Stee EDS Heavy Duty Nais for Fastening Stee to Stee X-CR Stainess Stee Nais for Concrete, Sand ime Masonry and Stee. And Stee ony. X-CT Nais for Forming or other Temporary uses DNH DX-Kwik Nais for Concrete X-DKH (pre-dried) Washer type (in mm): P Pastic washer e.g. P8 = pastic washer Ø 8 S Stee washer e.g. S36 = stee washer Ø 36 D Two washers L Two domed washers TH Top Hat THQ Top Hat and high shear washer MX Coated for DX too/ composite fasteners for GX too MXR Coated for DX 860-ENP T For tunneing appications Dimensions: Length in mm (For detais, pease refer to product data) Exampes: X-U 52 P8 X-U 52 MX / 2013

14 Nais and stud designation Threaded stud designation X-M6H FP8 Appication: X-M6H DX-Kwik Threaded Studs for X-M8H Concrete (pre-dried) X-M6 Threaded Studs for Concrete X-W6 X-F7 X-M8 M10 W10 X-EM6H Threaded Studs for Stee X-EW6H X-EF7H X-EM8H X-EM10H X-EW10H X-BT Stainess Stee Threaded Studs X-CRM Stainess Stee Threaded Studs for Concrete and Stee Washer type and (in mm): P S D F SN12-R Pastic washer e.g. P8 = pastic washer 8 Stee washer e.g. S8 = stee washer 8 Two washers Pastic guidance seeve Stainess stee washer for seaing purposes Dimensions: Thread Length and Shank Length in mm where M, W, F refer to the thread type: M W F Metric Whitworth French Exampes: X-BT W SN12-R X-BT M SN12-R 12 /

15 Nais and stud designation Wood nai designation GX - WF 51x2.8 (R) (D) 34 (HDG) Technoogy: GX Gas driven Profie: R Profied ( ) Non Profied Appication: WF Wood Framing Head shape: D D-Head Shape ( ) Round Head Shape Dimensions Length and Nai Diameter in mm Coation: Coation ( ) Round Head Shape Designation of corrosion protection on the box/abe Suffix Type of protection Service Cass (EN ) Bright no coating 1 Gav 12 μm zinc 1, 2 HDG 55 μm hot dip gavanized 1, 2, 3 Stainess A2 or A4 1, 2, / 2013

16 Appication overview A Part 2: Trade appication guide 15

17 A Appication overview A Base materia Stee and meta Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist, inays Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Roof decking: doube skin and fat roof insuated X-ENP Standard decking pin for structura stee 6 mm 87 X-EDN19 Decking pin for 5 10 mm ( 3 / 16 3 / 8 ) bar joist or stee construction / diaphragm design (USA) 103 DX X-EDNK22 Decking pin for 3 6 mm ( 1 / 8 1 / 4 ) bar joist or stee construction / diaphragm design (USA) 103 X-ENP2K Decking pin for 3 6 mm base materia 103 NPH2 Fastening with pre-driing / /

18 A Appication overview A Base materia Stee and meta Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist, inays Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Roof decking: singe skin non insuated DX X-ENP Standard decking pin for structura stee 6 mm, X-ENP with SDK2 ceiing cap 87 Appication on the wa: doube skin insuated X-ENP Standard decking pin for structura stee 6 mm 87 DX X-ENP2K Decking pin for 3 6 mm base materia 97 NPH2 Fastening with pre-driing / /

19 A Appication overview A Base materia Stee and meta Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist, inays Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Appication on the wa: Singe skin non insuated DX DX Composite foor decking: with shear connectors X-ENP X-HVB + X-ENP-21 HVB Standard decking pin for structura stee 6 mm, with SDK2 or PDK2 seaing cap Shear connector with X-ENP nai / /

20 A Appication overview A Base materia Stee and meta Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist, inays Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Tacking of composite decks X-ENP Standard decking pin for structura stee 6 mm ( 3 / 16 3 / 8 ) 87 X-EDN19 Decking pin for 5 10 mm ( 3 / 16 3 / 8 ) bar joist or stee construction / diaphragm design (USA) 103 DX DX Fastening meta brackets, cips, meta tracks, etc. to stee X-EDNK22 X-ENP2K X-U15 X-U EDS X-CR Decking pin for 3 6 mm ( 3 / 16 3 / 8 ) bar joist or stee construction / diaphragm design (USA) Decking pin for 3 6 mm base materia Step shank fastener Pin ength: mm, 4 mm shank diameter Pin ength: mm, 4.5 mm shank diameter Outdoor appications, corrosion-resistant fastener required; pin ength: mm, 3.7 mm shank dia X-EM_H Threaded connection 181 X-BT Threaded connection, corrosion-resistant fastener required, through penetration of base stee not permitted 187 X-CRM Threaded connection, corrosion-resistant fastener required / /

21 A Appication overview A Base materia Petrochemica, Power, Mining, Shipbuiding, Industria Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee < 3 mm, profies, inays HTU) Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Meta / fibergass grating to stee for upstream and high corrosive environment DX X-BT M8 X-FCM-R Stainess stee stud for not for through-penetration ; stee thickness 8 mm, coated and uncoated stee, high strength stee Stainess stee grating disc Meta / fibergass grating to stee for downstream / Industria appications and medium corrosive X-CR M8 Stainess stee stud 195 X-FCM-M Grating disc, hot dip gavanized 201 DX X-GR Removabe grating fastener 209 X-PGR-RU Removabe grating fastener 213 X-MGR Removabe grating fastener / /

22 A Appication overview A Base materia Petrochemica, Power, Mining, Shipbuiding, Industria Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Fastening stee pate (chequerpate) 5 13 mm to stee / high corrosive resistance X-CR M8 Stainess stee stud 195 DX X-FCP-R Stainess stee disc 221 Fastening stee pate (chequerpate) 5 13 mm to stee / medium corrosive resistance X-CR M8 Stainess stee stud 195 DX X-FCP-F Disc dupex coated / /

23 A Appication overview A Petrochemica, Power, Mining, Shipbuiding, Industria Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Base materia Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Mechanica and eectrica for petro chemica industry, shipbuiding, etc. DX X-BT M10 X-BT W10 X-BT M6 X-BT W6 Stainess stee stud for not for through-penetration ; stee thickness 8 mm, coated and uncoated stee, high strength stee Stainess stee stud for not for through-penetration ; stee thickness 8 mm, coated and uncoated stee, high strength stee Eectrica connections DX X-BT-ER M10 X-BT-ER W10 X-BT-ER M8 X-BT-ER M6 X-BT-ER W6 Stainess stee eectrica connector for bonding stee eements and discharging current to stee, min thickness of base materia 8mm, coated and uncoated stee, high strength stee, suitabe for singe connections Stainess stee eectrica connector for bonding stee eements and discharging current to stee, min thickness of base materia 8mm, coated and uncoated stee, high strength stee, suitabe for singe and doube connections Avaiabe in separate documents / /

24 A Appication overview A Petrochemica, Power, Mining, Shipbuiding, Industria Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Base materia Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Tagging DX X-U15 Step shank fastener / /

25 A Appication overview A Base materia Mechanica and eectrica Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Pastic / fexibe conduit and meta conduits DX/GX X-FB MX Singe conduit fastener coated for mm diameter 257 DX X-FB Singe conduit fastener premounted for mm diameter 257 DX/GX X-DFB MX Doube conduit fastener coated for mm diameter 257 DX X-DFB Doube conduit fastener premounted for mm diameter 257 X-EKS MX Conduit cips for mm diameter 261 DX / GX X-EKSC MX Conduit cips for mm diameter 261 X-ECT MX To use with cabe tie 261 Meta pipes X-M6 X-M8 M10 Metric threaded studs for use with pipe ring 177 DX X-W6 W10 X-EM6H X-EM8H X-EM10H X-EW6H X-EW10H Whitworth threaded studs for use with pipe ring Metric threaded studs for use with pipe ring Whitworth threaded studs for use with pipe ring X-M6H X-M8H DX-Kwik threaded studs for use with pipe ring / /

26 A Appication overview A Base materia Mechanica and eectrica Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Eectrica cabes DX/GX X-EKB MX Eectrica cabe tie, coated version 251 X-EKB Eectrica cabe tie, premounted version 251 DX X-ECH Eectrica cabe tie, premounted version 251 X-ECH MX Eectrica cabe tie, premounted version 251 Trunking DX/GX X-ET MX DX X-ET UK Fasteners for eectrica cabe trays and junction boxes, premounted version / /

27 A Appication overview A Base materia Mechanica and eectrica Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Junction boxes DX/GX X-ET MX Fasteners for eectrica cabe trays and junction boxes, coated version 265 Cabe trays DX X-HS 237 X-EHS MX Threaded hanger for ight eectrica appications 243 X-HS-W X-EM6H X-EM8H X-EM10H X-M6 X-M8 M10 Threaded hanger for ight eectrica appications Threaded studs, metric Threaded studs, metric / /

28 A Appication overview A Base materia Mechanica and eectrica Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Lighting DX DX/GX DX X-CC Loop hanger X-ECC MX Loop hanger for ight eectrica appications 243 X-HS-W Threaded hanger for ight eectrica appications Air ducts X-EM8 X-EM10 Threaded studs, metric X-M8 M10 Threaded studs, metric DX W10 Whitworth threaded studs X-HS M6, M8 X-HS W6, W10 Threaded hanger X-M6H X-M8H DX-Kwik threaded studs for use with pipe ring / /

29 A Appication overview A Base materia Buiding construction Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Formwork positioning X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter 119 DX X-C X-CT Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter Temporary, removabe, pin ength mm, 3.7 mm shank diameter X-FS MX Form stop to use with X-U, X-C 235 Safety barriers / generic wood fastenings DX X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter X-C Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter / /

30 A Appication overview A Base materia Buiding construction Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Hardwood fooring DX X-U X-C Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter Wa-tie (Facade wa) X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter 119 DX X-C Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter 129 X-CR Stainess stee, pin ength mm, 3.7 mm shank diameter / /

31 A Appication overview A Base materia Buiding construction Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Wire mesh DX X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter X-C Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter 129 Window and door frames DX X-U X-C Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter / /

32 A Appication overview A Base materia Buiding construction Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Therma insuation DX X-IE XI-FV Wa insuation for mm thickness Water drainage membrane X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter 119 DX X-C Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter 129 X-SW Soft washer fastener / /

33 A Appication overview A Base materia Buiding construction Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Water seaing / sweing strip DX X-U X-C Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter Water seaing / injection hose X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter 119 DX X-C Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter 129 X-FB MX For fixing pipes, to use with X-U, X-C / /

34 A Appication overview A Base materia Interior finishing Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Meta track (hat track) DX X-U X-C Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter X-GHP Pin ength mm 139 GX X-EGN Pin ength 14 mm 139 X-GN Pin ength mm 139 Wood track DX X-U X-C Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter GX X-GN Pin ength mm / /

35 A Appication overview A Base materia Interior finishing Technoogy Green / fresh concrete Concrete Od / high strength concrete Stee 3 mm, bar joist Stee 6 mm, beams Sand-ime stone, masonry Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Suspended ceiings and ceiing grid X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter 119 X-C Pin ength mm, 3.5 mm shank diameter 129 DX X-CC Ceiing cip for suspension with wire 237 X-HS Ceiing hanger with suspension for threaded rods 237 DNH DKH DX Kwik, singe fastening with pre-driing 171 Perimeter wa / exterior wa X-U Pin ength mm, 4 mm shank diameter 119 DX EDS Pin ength mm, 4.5 mm shank diameter 151 X-ENP Pin diameter 4.5 mm / /

36 A Appication overview A Technoogy Base materia Wood Framing Fastener Fastener Description Wa framing Sheeting Roof framing Roof paneing Cavity battens Trim, cadding, fencing, decking Approvas Page Dry indoor service GX-WF GX-WF smooth bright GX-WF profied bright D-head stye No coating (bright nai) Smooth shank 269 No coating (bright nai) Profied shank for increased pu-out resistance 269 Mosty dry indoor service GX-WF GX-WF smooth gavanized GX-WF profied gavanized D-head stye Zinc gavanized nai (12 μm) Smooth shank D-head stye Zinc gavanized nai (12 μm) Profied shank for increased pu-out resistance / /

37 A Appication overview A Base materia Wood Framing Technoogy Wa framing Sheeting Roof framing Roof paneing Cavity battens Trim, cadding, fencing, decking Fastener Fastener Description Approvas Page Outdoor service GX-WF GX-WF smooth HDG GX-WF profied HDG GX-WF stainess cipped head A2 GX-WF stainess fu round head A2 GX-WF stainess cipped head A4 GX-WF stainess fu round head A4 D-head stye Hot dip gavanized nai (55 μm) Smooth shank D-head stye Hot dip gavanized nai (55 μm) Profied shank for increased pu-out resistance D-head stye A2 Stainess stee nai Profied shank for increased pu-out resistance Fu round head stye A2 Stainess stee nai Profied shank for increased pu-out resistance D-head stye A4 Stainess stee nai Profied shank for increased pu-out resistance Fu round head stye A4 Stainess stee nai Profied shank for increased pu-out resistance / /

38 A 58

39 Toos and equipment Part 3: DX & GX toos and equipment B 59

40 Toos and equipment B 10 / 2014

41 Toos and equipment DX 460 Genera Purpose Too DX 460-MX Fastener: X-U MX X-C MX X-CT MX X-ET_MX X-ECT_MX X-EKS_MX, X-FB_MX X-HS_MX X-CC_MX X-HS-W_MX X-EKB_MX Piston: X-460-P8 X-460-P8W for fastening wood Cartridges: 6.8/11M back, red, yeow, green B DX 460-F8 Fastener: X-U P8 / P8 TH DNH 37 P8S15 X-DKH 48 P8S15 X-C P8 X-CR P8/ P8S12 X-CR M8 X-CT DP8 X-FS, X-SW X-FB X-EM6H/EW6H- - FP8 X-EF7H/- - FP8 X-M6/W6- - FP8 F7- - FP8 X-EM8H- - P8 X-M8- - P8 X-HS, X-CC X-HS-W_P8 Piston: X-460-P8 X-460-P8W for fastening wood Cartridges: 6.8/11M back, red, yeow, green 12 /

42 Toos and equipment B DX-Kwik method: pre-driing into concrete Fastener: X-M6H- -37 FP8 X-M8H- 37 P8 X-CRM8-42 FP8 Piston: X-460-P Kwik Fastener guide: X-460-F8N15 Narrow access fastener guide ( 15.2 mm x 53.2 mm) Fastener: X-U P8 X-C X-CR P8 X-CRM P8 Piston: X-460-P8 Fastener guide: X-460-F8N10 Narrow access fastener guide (bxdxl 10.4x25.9x50 mm) Fastener: X-U P8 X-C X-CR P8 X-CRM P8 Piston: X-460-P8 Fastener guide: X-460-F8GR Grating fastener guide Fastener: X-GR X-PGR-RU X-CR M8 X-EM 8H Piston: X-460-PGR Fastener guide: X-460-F8S12 S12 fastener guide Fastener: X-U S12 Piston: X-460-P / 2015

43 Toos and equipment Fastener guide: X-460-F8SS 8 mm stop spa fastener guide Fastener: X-M6- - FP8 X-W6- - FP8 X-F7- - FP8 X-M8- - P8 Piston: X-460-P8 B Fastener guide: X-460-F10 Fastener: M10 (possibe) Piston: X-460-P10 Fastener guide: X-460-F10SS 10 mm stop spa fastener guide Fastener: M10 (possibe) Piston: X-460-P10 Fastener guide: X-460-FIE-L Fastener: X-IE Insuation fastener Piston: X-460-PIE-L 12 /

44 Toos and equipment DX 460-SM B Fastener: X-EDNK22-THQ12M X-EDN19-THQ12M X-HSN 24 Piston: X-460-PSM Cartridges: 6.8/11M back, red, yeow / 2013

45 Toos and equipment DX 351 DX 351 with X-MX27 Interior Finishing Too Fastener: Piston: X-P 8S-351 B Cartridges: 6.8/11M red, yeow, green, white DX 351-F8 Fastener: X-C_P8/TH/THP X-U15 P8TH X-CC-U_-P8 X-HS -U_P8S15 Piston: X-P 8S-351 Cartridges: 6.8/11M red, yeow, green, white Fastener guide: X-FG 8L-351 narrow access fastener guide Piston: X-P 8L-351 X-FG 8ME-351 standard fastener guide 12 /

46 Toos and equipment DX 351-BT B Fastener: X-BT M SN12-R X-BT M R X-BT W SN12-R X-BT W R X-BT M SN12-R X-BT W SN12-R X-BT-ER M10/3 SN4 X-BT-ER W10/3 SN4 X-BT-ER M8/7 SN4 X-BT-ER M6/7 SN4 X-BT-ER W6/7 SN4 Piston: X-351 BT P 1024 Fastener guide: BT FG M1024 (M10) BT FG W1024 (W10) Fastener Guide dimensions bxdxl = 17.5x22x29.5 mm Cartridges: 6.8/11M high precision - brown DX 351-BTG Grating Fastener: X-BT M SN12-R X-BT M R Piston: X-351 BT P G Fastener guide: X-352 BT FG G (M8) Fastener Guide dimensions bxdxl = 17.5x22x56 mm Cartridges: 6.8/11M high precision - brown / 2015

47 Toos and equipment DX E72 DX E72 Fastener: X-U X-C X-CT Drywa fasteners X-SW X-FS X-M6/W6/F7 X-FB, X-DFB X-CR Cartridges: 5.6/16ND (ca.22nc) red, yeow, green, white (brown), grey B 12 /

48 Toos and equipment DX 36 B DX 36 Fastener: X-U X-C X-CR X-CT X-M6/W6/F7/M8 X-FS X-SW X-FB X-DKH DNH X-M6H, X-M8H X-HS X-CC X-CRM Cartridges: 6.8/11M red, yeow, green DX 2 DX 2 Fastener: X-U X-C X-CR X-CT X-M6/W6/F7/M8 X-FS X-SW X-FB X-DKH DNH X-M6H, X-M8H X-HS X-CC X-CRM Cartridges: 6.8/11M red, yeow, green / 2014

49 Toos and equipment DX 76PTR DX 76 PTR MX 76-PTR Fastener: X-ENP-19 L15 MX Piston: X-76-P-ENP-PTR B Piston brake: X-76-PB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red, bue Fastener: X-ENP2K-20 L15 MX Piston: X-76-P-ENP2K-PTR Piston brake: X-76-PB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M red, bue, green DX 76 PTR (Siding and decking) Fastener: X-ENP-19 L15 Fastener guide: X-76-F-15-PTR Piston: X-76-P-ENP-PTR Piston brake: X-76-PB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red, bue Fastener: X-ENP2K-20 L15 Fastener guide: X-76-F-15-PTR Piston: X-76-P-ENP2K-PTR Piston brake: X-76-PB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M red, bue, green 12 /

50 Toos and equipment B DX 76 PTR (Siding and decking on concrete DX-Kwik) Fastener: NPH2-42 L15 Fastener guide: X-76-F-Kwik-PTR Piston: X-76-P-Kwik-PTR Piston brake: X-76-PB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M bue, yeow DX 76 PTR (X-HVB shear connectors) Fastener: X-ENP-21 HVB Piston: X-76-P-HVB-PTR Connector: X-HVB shear connectors Piston stop: X-76-PB-PS Fastener guide: X-76-F-HVB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red / 2013

51 Toos and equipment DX 76 PTR (Grating and chequer pate) Grating fastener: X-CRM P8 X-EM8H_P8 Chequer pate fastener X-CRM P8 X-CRM P8 Fastener guide: X-76-F-8-GR-PTR ( 19 mm 58 mm) Piston: X-76-P-8-GR-PTR Piston brake: X-76-PB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M bue, yeow For X-GR and X-GRRU: red, bue, yeow B DX 76 PTR (Heavy duty) Fastener: EDS19 22 P10 X-EM10H P10 X-EM8H FP10 X-CR M FP10 X-CR M FP10 DS27 37 P10 Fastener guide: X-76-F-10-PTR ( 19 mm 58 mm) Piston: X-76-P-10-PTR Piston brake: X-76-PB-PTR Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red, bue 07 /

52 Toos and equipment B DX 76 DX 76 MX (Siding and decking) with magazine Fastener: X-ENP-19 L15 MX Piston: X-76-P-ENP Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red, bue Fastener: X-ENP2K-20 L15 MX Piston: X-76-P-ENP2K Cartridges: 6.8/18M red, bue, yeow, green DX 76 F15 (Siding and decking) Fastener: X-ENP-19 L15 Piston: X-76-P-ENP Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red, bue Fastener: X-ENP2K-20 L15 Piston: X-76-P-ENP2K Cartridges: 6.8/18M red, bue, yeow, green / 2013

53 Toos and equipment DX 76 F15 (Siding and decking on concrete DX-Kwik) Fastener: NPH2-42 L15 Fastener guide: X-76-F-Kwik Piston: X-76-P-Kwik Cartridges: 6.8/18M bue, yeow B DX 76 F15 (X-HVB shear connectors) Fastener: X-ENP-21 HVB Piston: X-76-P-HVB Connector: X-HVB shear connectors Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red Fastener guide: X-76-F-HVB 12 /

54 Toos and equipment B DX 76 F15 (Grating and checker pate) Grating fastener: X-CRM FP10 EM FP10 Checker pate fastener X-CRM FP10 X-CRM FP10 Piston: X-76-P-GR Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red, bue, yeow, green Fastener guide: X-76-F-10 DX 76 F15 (Heavy duty) Fastener: (for nai) EDS P10 Piston: (for nai) X-76-P-10 Fastener: (for stud) X-EM P10 Piston: (for stud) X-76-P-GR Fastener guide: X-76-F-10 for nais and studs Cartridges: 6.8/18M back, red, bue, yeow, green / 2013

55 Toos and equipment DX-860 Too for Decking DX 860-ENP Fastener: X-ENP-19 L15 MXR Piston: X-76-P-ENP B Cartridges: 6.8/18M40 back, red, bue DX 860-HSN Fastener: X-EDNK22-THQ12M X-EDN19-THQ12M X-HSN 24 Piston: X-860-P10 Piston and piston brake spare part: DX 860-HSN spare part pack Cartridges: 6.8/11M40 back, red, yeow 12 /

56 Toos and equipment B Cartridges Cartridge 6.8/11M10 and 6.8/11M40 1 (.27 caiber short) Cartridge 6.8/18M10 (.27 caiber ong) Cartridge 6.8/18M40 (.27 caiber ong) Cartridge 5.6/16ND (caiber.22nc) Coor Power Fastening toos: code* eve** DX 36, DX 460 DX 351 DX 860-HSN 1 DX 2 High precision brown 2 [2] no no 4 no white [brown] 2 [2] no no 4 no green 3 [3] no yeow 4 [4] no red 6 [5] back [purpe] 7 [6] no 4 no no Coor Power Fastening toos: code* eve** DX 76 / DX 76 PTR green 3 4 yeow 4 4 bue 5 [4.5] 4 red 6 [5] 4 back [purpe] 7 [6] 4 Coor Power Fastening toos: code* eve** DX 860-ENP bue 5 [4.5] 4 red 6 [5] 4 back [purpe] 7 [6] 4 Coor Power Fastening toos: code* eve** DX-E 72 [grey] [1] 4 white [brown] 2 4 green 3 4 yeow 4 4 red /18 (.27 caiber ong) 1 Coor Power Fastening toos: code* eve** DX 600N 1 green 3 4 yeow 4 4 red 5 4 back [purpe] 7 [6] 4 * Coor code according to DIN 7260, in brackets e.g. [purpe] according to PATMI (USA and Canada) ** Power eve as used on Hiti packaging. Without brackets refers to eve used in Europe, in brackets e.g. [6] refers to number according to PATMI and as used in USA and Canada / 2015

57 Toos and equipment GX 90 WF (Wood framing) GX 90 WF (Wood framing) Fastener: GX-WF smooth bright MX 34 GX-WF profied bright MX 34 GX-WF smooth gavanized MX 34 GX-WF profied gavanized MX 34 GX-WF smooth HDG MX 34 GX-WF profied HDG MX 34 GX-WF profied A2 stainess D-head GX-WF profied A2 stainess fu round head GX-WF profied A4 stainess D-head GX-WF profied A4 stainess fu round head Energy: GC 32 B GX - WF 15x2.8 (R) D 34 (HDG) Technoogy: GX Gas driven Profie: R Profied ( ) Non Profied Coation: Coation ( ) Round Head Shape Appication: WF Wood Framing Head shape: D D-Head Shape ( ) Round Head Shape Dimensions: Length and Nais Diameter in mm Corrosion protection: Suffix Type of protection Service Cass (EN ) Bright no coating 1 Gav 12 mm cinc 1, 2 HDG 55 mm hot dip gavanized 1, 2, 3 Stainess A2 or A4 1, 2, 3 12 /

58 Toos and equipment B GX 100 Gas Too for Interior Finishing and GX 100-E for Eectrica Appications GX 100 Fastener: X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 16 MX X-GHP 18 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX X-GN 20 MX X-GN 27 MX X-GN 32 MX X-GN 39 MX Energy: GC 11 used internationa GC 12 used ony in USA GX 100-E Fastener: X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 16 MX X-GHP 18 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX X-GN 20 MX X-GN 27 MX X-GN 32 MX X-GN 39 MX X-EHS MX X-ECC MX X-HS-W MX X-EKB MX X-FB MX X-DFB MX X-ECT MX X-ET MX X-EKS MX X-EMTSC Energy: GC 11 used internationa GC 12 used ony in USA / 2015

59 Toos and equipment GX 120 Gas Too for Interior Finishing and GX 120-ME for Eectrica Appications GX 120 Fastener: X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 16 MX X-GHP 18 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX X-GN 20 MX X-GN 27 MX X-GN 32 MX X-GN 39 MX Energy: GC20. GC 21 and GC 22 B GX 120-ME Fastener: X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 16 MX X-GHP 18 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX X-GN 20 MX X-GN 27 MX X-GN 32 MX X-GN 39 MX X-EHS MX X-ECC MX X-HS-W MX X-EKB MX X-FB MX X-DFB MX X-ECT MX X-ET MX X-EKS MX X-EMTSC X-G M6/W6 X-UCT MX X-SW 30, X-SW 60 Energy: GC20. GC 21 and GC /

60 Tips for users Tips for users ( Troube Shooting ) B DX fastenings on concrete Faut Cause Fastener propery fixed n Proper*) ength of fastener n Proper cartridge n Proper power setting Possibe remedia measures 4 Fastener penetrates too deep n Fastener too short*) n Too much driving power n Use onger fastener n Reduce power setting n Use ighter cartridge Fastener does not penetrate deep enough n Fastener too ong*) n Too itte driving power n Use shorter fastener n Increase power setting n Use heavier cartridge *) Rue of thumb: The higher the compressive strength of concrete, the shorter the fastener Proper ength (mm): L s = 22 + t (compare, Fastening Technoogy Manua Part Product section) / 2013

61 Tips for users DX fastenings on concrete Faut Cause Possibe remedia measures Nai is bending n Hard and/or arge aggregate in concrete n Rebar cose to surface of concrete n Hard surface (stee) n Use shorter nai n Use DX-Kwik (predri) n Use co-acting principe/ fastener guide n Use stepped shank nai X-U 15 n Change cartridge B Base materia is spaing n High strength concrete n Hard and/or arge aggregate in concrete n Od concrete n Stud appication: Use spa stop X-460- F8SS / - F10SS n Nai appication: Use shorter nai Use DX-Kwik (predri) Use X-U 15 (for highstrength precast concrete) Damaged nai head n Too much driving power n Wrong piston used n Damaged piston) n Reduce power setting n Use ighter cartridge n Check nai-piston-combination n Change piston Wrong pistons can cause a the above fauts: match pistons to nais! Fastener Piston Piston head X-U, X-C Use piston X-460-P8 12 /

62 Tips for users DX fastenings on stee B Nai Faut Cause Possibe remedia measures does not penetrate surface n Too itte driving power n Appication imit exceeded (very hard surface) n Unsuitabe system n Try higher power setting or heavier cartridge n Short nai appication: Try X-U 15 n Long nai appication: Try X-U n Use co-acting principe/ fastener guide n Switch to heavy system ike DX 76 PTR Nai does not hod in base materia n Excess driving energy in thin stee base materia (3 to mm stee) n Try different power setting or different cartridge n Try X-ENP2K or X-EDNK22 THQ 12 for fastening sheet meta Nai is breaking n Too itte driving power n Appication imit exceeded (very hard surface) n Try higher power setting or heavier cartridge n Use shorter nai n Use X-ENP19 n Use stronger nai (X-...-H) n Use stepped shank nai: X-U / 2013

63 Tips for users DX fastenings on stee Faut Cause Possibe remedia measures Nai head penetrates through materia fastened (meta sheet) n Too much driving power n Reduce power setting n Use ighter cartridge n Use nai with Top Hat n Use nai with washer e.g. X-U...S12 B Damaged nai head n Too much driving power n Wrong piston used n Worn-out piston n Reduce power setting n Use ighter cartridge n Check nai-piston-combination n Change piston Wrong pistons can cause a the above fauts: match pistons to nais! Fastener Piston Piston head X-U Use piston X-460-P8 12 /

64 84

65 Part 4: DX and GX fasteners C 85

66 C 86

67 X-ENP X-ENP Siding and Decking Nai Product data Dimensions Appications Exampes Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 58 Zinc coating: 8 16 μm Recommended fastening toos Singe nai: DX 76 F15, X-ENP-19 L15 DX 76 PTR with X-76-F15-PTR fastener guide DX 76 MX, Coated nais: DX 76 PTR X-ENP-19 L15 MX, white magazine strip DX 860-ENP X-ENP-19 L15 MXR, grey magazine strip See Toos and equipment for more detais. Approvas ETA-04/0101 (Hiti-DX-DoP001), UL R13203, FM , ICC ESR-2197, ESR-2776 (USA), MLIT (Japan), ABS, LR 97/00077 C Roof decking Foor decking Wa iners The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For out-door appications, that can be ensured by using SDK 2 seaing caps. During construction exposure to externa atmosphere must not exceed 6 months. Fastening of auminum sheeting is generay recommended ony for indoor conditions. 12 /

68 X-ENP C Load data Characteristic oads stee sheeting Sheeting Trapezoida profie Liner trays 1) thickness (symmetric oading) (asymmetric oading) t I [mm] Char. resistance Char. resistance according to ETA-04/0101 keeping to ETA-04/0101 Shear Tension Shear Tension nomina V Rk [kn] N Rk [kn] V Rk [kn] N Rk [kn] NRk and VRk are vaid for stee sheet with minimum tensie strength 360 N/mm 2 ( S280 EN 10346). For intermediate sheet thicknesses, use recommended oad for next smaer thickness or inear interpoation. 1) Required oad reduction is taken into account in accordance with EN : 2006, section 8.3 (7) and fig See aso construction rues under spacings and edge distances. Recommended oads stee sheeting Sheeting Trapezoida profie Liner trays 1) thickness (symmetric oading) (asymmetric oading) t I [mm] Recommended oads Recommended oads Shear Tension Shear Tension nomina V rec [kn] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] N rec [kn] , Nrec and Vrec are vaid for stee sheet with minimum tensie strength 360 N/mm 2 ( S280 EN 10346). For intermediate sheet thicknesses, use recommended oad for next smaer thickness or inear interpoation. Recommended oads Nrec and Vrec are appropriate for Eurocode 1 wind oading design with a partia safety factor γ F =1.5 for wind oad and a partia resistance factor γ M = 1.25 for the fastening. 1) Required oad reduction is taken into account in accordance with EN : 2006, section 8.3 (7) and fig See aso construction rues under spacings and edge distances / 2013

69 X-ENP Recommended oads auminum sheeting 1) with f u 210 N/mm 2 Trapezoida profie (symmetric oading) Thickness Shear Tension t I [mm] V rec [kn] N rec [kn] ) Ony recommended for indoor appications. Constraint forces and corrosion aspects have to be considered. For intermediate sheet thicknesses, use recommended oad for next smaer thickness. Recommended oads N rec and V rec are appropriate for Eurocode 1 wind oading design with a partia safety factor of γ F =1.5 for wind oad and a partia resistance factor γ M = 1.25 for the fastening. C Recommended oads other appications V rec [kn] N rec [kn] Fastened parts: cips, brackets, etc.; thick stee parts (t,max = 2.5 mm). Redundancy (mutipe fastening) must be provided. The possibiity of prying effects has to be considered Faiure of the fastened part is not considered in these vaues of N rec, V rec. Vaid for predominanty static oading Goba factor of safety is 2 based on 5% fractie vaue Design Depending on the verification concept, the corresponding design criteria are given as foowing. Working oad concept Partia safety concept Tensie oads N Sk N rec N Sd N Rd Shear oads V Sk V rec V Sd V Rd N-V Interaction For combined tensie and shear forces on the fastener, a inear function has to be used. ( V Sk V rec ) + ( N Sk N rec ) 1 ( V Sd V Rd ) + ( N Sd N Rd ) 1 with: with: V Sk, N Sk unfactored characteristic oad acting V Sd, N Sd Design oad with γ F = 1.5 on the fastening (= working oad) V Rd, N Rd Design resistance of the fastening V rec, N rec recommended (aowabe) oad with with γ M = 1.25 γ GLOB = V Rd = V Rk / 1.25 N Rd = α cyc N Rk / 1.25 α cyc = 1.0 according to ETA-04/ /

70 X-ENP Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Stee thickness t II t II 6 mm tii C Thickness of fastened materia Σt, tot 4.0 mm Sheet thicknesses and overap types (a) singe (b) side ap (c) end overap (d) side ap and end overap Nomina sheeting thickness t I [mm] Aowabe overap types a, b, c, d > a, c > a With the above recommended sheet thickness and overap types, it is not necessary to take into account the effect of constraints due to temperature for stee grades up to S320 (EN 10346). For stee grade S350 (EN 10346) it sha be considered for design. Sheets of grade S350 on base materia t II 8 mm have been verified by Hiti, forces of constraint can be negected / 2013

71 X-ENP Spacing and edge distances (mm) Stee base materia Trapezoida profies C Centre fastenings in ribs 20 Cearance to end of sheet Doube fastenings (asymmetric) Note: Reduce tensie resistance per fastener to 0.7 N Rk or 0.7 N rec. Liner trays c c (1) c Cearance to side of sheet Cearance to side of sheet When driving the fastener, the fastening too needs to be positioned perpendicuar to the surface. If c > 75 mm, it is recommended to drive an additiona fastener at the other side of the tray. This additiona fastener is indicated with (1) in the graph above. Cearance to end of sheet Fastener spacing aong sheet Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For outdoor appications that can be ensured by using SDK 2 seaing caps. During construction exposure to externa atmosphere must not exceed 6 Month. Fastening of Auminum sheeting is generay recommended ony for indoor conditions. 12 /

72 X-ENP Appication imit X-ENP-19 with DX 76, DX 76 PTR and DX 860-ENP C Stee thickness tii [mm] Appicabe range of base materias S 235 S 275 S Stee strength Rm [N/mm 2 ] Fastener seection and system recommendation Fasteners Toos Fastener guide Designation Item no. Designation Designation Singe nai: X-ENP-19 L DX 76 PTR X-76-F15-PTR DX 76 F15 Coated nais: X-ENP-19 L15 MX, DX 76 PTR white magazine strip DX 76 MX X-ENP-19 L15 MXR, DX 860-ENP grey magazine strip Piston: X-76-P-ENP-PTR DX 76 PTR X-76-P-ENP DX 76 DX 860-ENP / 2013

73 X-ENP Cartridge seection and too energy setting DX 76, DX 860-ENP >20 DX 76 PTR > Red 4 or Back 2 Back Stee thickness tii [mm] Red 3 or Back 1 Back 3 Stee thickness tii [mm] Red 4 or Back 2 Back 4 C Bue 4 or Red 2 Red 4 or Back 2 Bue 3 Red 3 S 235 S 355 Fine adjustment by instaation tests on site. Note for S275: Start with recommendation for S355. In case of too much energy: reduction of too energy setting or change of cartridge coour ti correct nai head stand-offs h NVS are achieved Bue 4 or Red 2 Bue 3 or Red 1 S 235 Red 4 Red 3 S 355 S /

74 X-ENP Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection tii hnvs ΣtI,tot 4 mm C h NVS = mm for t I,tot 4 mm In order to aow the stee sheeting to be in direct contact with the stee supporting structure in the area of connections the X-ENP-19 fastener shoud be instaed 30mm away from the edges of insuation / isoation tapes that are 3 mm thick. X-ENP-19 L15 X-ENP-19 L15 X-ENP-19 L15 Max Min Max Min Max Min h NVS = mm h NVS > 9.8 mm (washers are not compressed) h NVS < 8.2 mm (washers are strongy damaged by the too piston) Visibe inspection: Propery driven fastener. Piston mark ceary visibe on the washer / 2013

75 SDK2, PDK2 SDK2, PDK2 Seaing Caps for Cadding Fastening Product data Dimensions SDK2 seaing cap stainess stee (DIN ,) ASTM 316) neoprene Genera information Compatibe DX fasteners X-ENP-19 L15 Base materia thickness t II 6 mm Fastening too SW/SDK2 setting too SDK2 SW/PDK2 setting too PDK2 C PDK2 seaing cap Appications Exampes A Roof and wa cadding on singe skin buidings A A A SDK2, stainess stee seaing cap for roof and wa cadding Stainess stee cap not affected by atmospheric corrosion Space under the cap isoated from the atmosphere Neoprene washer insuates against contact corrosion and seas the space under the cap-off from the atmosphere Pressure on the washer seas the gap between the sheet and the base stee PDK2, pastic seaing cap for wa cadding Corrosion protection 12 /

76 SDK2, PDK2 Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection For detaied information on X-ENP-19 L15 pease see the according product pages. X-ENP-19 L15 C Maximum thickness of singe ayer (type a): t, max = 1.5 mm Tota thickness of end overap (type c): Σt, tot 2.5 mm h NVS = mm Note: It has to be ensured, that the fastened sheet is propery compressed to the base materia and no gap remains at fastening point ocation. Instaation mm 6 Position the DX too so that nai incination is imited to max. 10 from perpendicuar to surface Centre fastening in vaey. 38 mm min. vaey width Minimum roof sope 6 These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product / 2013

77 X-ENP 2K X-ENP 2K Siding and Decking Nai Product data Dimensions o 7.4 o 3.7 o Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 55.5 Zinc coating: 8 16 μm Recommended fastening toos Singe nai: DX 76 PTR with X-ENP 2K-20 L15 X-76-F-15-PTR fastener guide DX 76 MX with X-76-FN15 fastener guide Coated nais: DX 76 PTR. X-ENP 2K-20 L15 MX DX 76 MX (green magazine strip) See Toos and equipment for more detais. C Appications Exampes Approvas BUtgb (Begium), ABS, 13/0172 (Hiti-DX-DoPo003), LR 97/00077 Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. Roof and foor decking Roof and foor decking Wa iners 10 /

78 X-ENP 2K C Load data Caracteristic oads Overap 3 mm t I < 4 mm 4 mm t I 6 mm Sheeting thickness Types T ypes t I [mm] V Rk [kn] N Rk [kn] of conn. V Rk [kn] N Rk [kn] of conn a, c a, b, c, d a, c a, (b)*, c, d, a, c a, (b)*, c, d a, c a, c a * Fastening type (b) covered for 5 mm t I < 6 mm, if N Rk is reduced to 6.6 kn Fastening type (b) fuy covered for t I = 6 mm For a, b, c, d pease refer to Appication requirements, Sheet thicknesses and overap types Design Design shear and tension resistance V Rd and N Rd V Rd = V Rk / γ M N Rd = α cyc V Rk / γ M with α cyc = 1.0 for a sheeting thickness t α cyc considers the effect of repeated wind oads γ M = 1.25 in the absence of nationa reguations Characteristic tension resistances n Rk [kn/m] and shear resistances v Rk [kn/m] per unit ength, taking the effect of therma constraints into account N Rk and V Rk characteristic shear and tension resistance w width of the pane sheet n Rk = N Rk / W v Rk = 2 V Rk / W n Rk = N Rk / W v Rk = 3 V Rk / W / 2014

79 X-ENP 2K n Rk = N Rk / W v Rk = 4 V Rk / W n Rk = N Rk / W v Rk = 5 V Rk / W C n Rk = 3 N Rk / W v Rk = 3 V Rk / W The same characteristic resistances can aso be appied aong supports at end-overaps, if connection type d is not covered in the oad tabe. Appication requirements Thickness of base materia tii = 4-6mm t II = mm for genera shapes Fastening to cod-formed C- and Z-sections with a thickness from 2.9 to 4.0 mm Fastening to U-shape concrete inays with a nomina thickness t II of 3 mm. t II = 3.0 ± 0.3 mm 60mm 20mm tii = mm 10 /

80 X-ENP 2K Sheet thicknesses and overap types Type (a) Type (b) singe side ap Type (c) end overap Type (d) side ap and end overap C Edge distances (mm) Roed I or wide fange shapes 10 Anges b x** t II = 4-6* 10 * For t II = 3 to 4 mm, restrictions on appication. See approva or contact Hiti. ** Maximum recommended b x 8 x t II however, jobsite verification advisabe. Trapezoida profies Centre fastenings in ribs Cearance to end of sheet Doube fastenings Note: Reduce tensie resistance per fastener to 0.7 N rec. Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see corresponding chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section / 2014

81 X-ENP 2K Appication imits Fastener seection and system recommendation Fasteners Toos Fastener guide Designation Item no. Designation Designation Singe nai: X-ENP 2K-20 L DX 76 PTR X-76-F-15-PTR DX 76 MX X-76-FN15 Coated nais: X-ENP 2K-20 L15 MX DX 76 PTR DX 76 MX Piston: X-76-P-ENP2K-PTR DX 76 PTR X-76-P-ENP2K DX 76 MX C Cartridge seection and too energy setting DX 76 PTR DX 76 Fine adjustment by instaation tests on site. 10 /

82 X-ENP 2K Fastening quaity assurance hnvs h NVS = 7 11 mm X-ENP2K-20 L15 X-ENP2K-20 L15 X-ENP2K-20 L15 C Max Min Max Min Max Min h NVS = 7 11 mm h NVS > 11 mm h NVS < 7 mm / 2014

83 X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 THQ12, X-EDN19 THQ12 X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 THQ12, X-EDN19 THQ 12 Diaphragm Decking Nais Product data Dimensions X-HSN 24 Ø 8.2 Ø 4.0 Ø 12.0 X-EDNK22 THQ12 M o 8.2 o 3.7 o X-EDN19 THQ12 M o 8.2 o 3.7 o Appications Exampes Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 55.5 Zinc coating: 5 13 μm Recommended fastening too DX 860-HSN Coated nais: X-HSN 24 red magazine strip X-EDNK22 THQ12 M, grey magazine strip X-EDN19 THQ12 M, white magazine strip See Toos and equipment for more detais. Approvas FM, SDI X-HSN 24 FM, UL, ICC, SDI (USA), ABS, LR X-EDN 19, X-EDNK22 Note: Technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. C Roof decking (diaphragm design) Foor decking (diaphragm design) 12 /

84 X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 THQ12, X-EDN19 THQ12 Load data C Design data for use in the U.S.A. Diaphragm strength Approvas provide oad tabes or cacuation procedures for determination of the aowabe strength (in bs/ft or kn/m) of a stee deck diaphragm. The aowabe diaphragm strength depends on the type, strength and thickness of the decking, the span of the decking, the type and pattern of the deck to frame fasteners (X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 or X-EDN19) and the type and spacing of the sideap connectors (e.g. Hiti sideap connectors S-SLC 01 and S-SLC 02). For more detais it is refered to the technica iterature of Hiti North America ( Stee Deck Fastening Systems 2013 Suppement to Hiti North America Product Technica Guide) and the Decking Design Center offered on the website as we as the respective approvas. Recommended shear bearing oads V rec Sheeting thickness t I X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 and X-EDN19 V rec [Gauge] [mm] [bs] [kn] Vaid for stee sheet with a minimum tensie strength of 45 ksi (310 N/mm²). Vaues refer to faiure controed by the singe sheet meta attached. For intermediate sheet thicknesses, inear interpoation is aowed. Recommended oads incude safety factor 3.0 appied to mean shear resistance Q f. An equation for Q f is pubished in the SDI (Stee Deck Institute) Diaphragm Design Manua, 3 rd edition. Recommended tension oad N rec Sheeting thickness t I X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 X-EDN19 N rec N rec [Gauge] [mm] [bs] [kn] [bs] [kn] Vaid for stee sheet with minimum tensie strength of 45 ksi (310 N/mm²). Vaues are either controed by puover of sheet or by minimum vaue of fastener puout of base meta. Vaues require fastener point penetration for X-EDNK22 and X-EDN19, of 1 / 2 0 (12.7 mm). Higher recommended vaues be appicabe for X-HSN24 (see Hiti North America Stee Deck Fastening Systems ) Recommended oads incude a safety factor 3.0 appied to mean puover resistance or a safety factor 5.0 appied to the mean vaue of puout resistance / 2013

85 X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 THQ12, X-EDN19 THQ12 Design data for use in Europe Currenty, the X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 and the X-EDN19 fasteners are ony used in North America. Therefore, no design data is pubished evauated in strict compiance with the provisions for European Technica Approvas. For European markets, the fastener X-ENP2K-20 L15 in connection with the fastening too DX 76 PTR is recommended for sheet meta fastenings to thin base materias (3 to 6 mm). Appication imits and requirements Fastening too DX 860-HSN Fastener Base materia properties Thickness Utimate tensie strength [inch] [mm] [ksi] [N/mm 2 ] X-EDNK22 1 / 8 0 to 1 / to to X-EDN19 3 / 16 0 to 5 / to to / 16 0 to 3 / to to Comment on fastening too DX 460-SM: This fastening too is recommended for base materia thickness from 3 / 16 0 to 3 / 8 0 (4.8 to 8.0 mm). The same strength imits appy as with the DX 860-HSN. C X-HSN24 covers fu range of the fasteners X-EDNK22 and X-EDN19. Thickness of fastened materia, fastener patterns, spacings and edge distance (a) singe (b) side ap (c) end overap (d) side ap and end overap As part of a stee deck diaphragm, a four fastening types (a), (b), (c) and (d) are executed with the X-EDNK22 and the X-EDN19. The sheet meta thickness typicay varies between 22 Gauge (0.76 mm) and 16 Gauge (1.52 mm). Dependent on the base materia thickness and the frame fastener pattern, restrictions on the use of thicker decking might appy. For corresponding detais of these provisions, it is referred to the quoted technica iterature pupished by Hiti North America. This iterature aso contains detais with respect to fastener patterns, spacings and edge distance adequatey addressing the specifics of the diaphragm components used in the North American market. 12 /

86 X-HSN24, X-EDNK22 THQ12, X-EDN19 THQ12 Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. Fastener seection and system recommendation C Fasteners Designation Item no. Too Coated nais X-HSN DX 860-HSN X-EDNK22 THQ12 M, grey magazine strip X-EDN19 THQ 12 M, white magazine strip Cartridge seection and too energy setting 3/8" 9.6mm Back 2 Stee thickness tii [inch/mm] 5/16" 1/4" 3/16" Yeow 4 Red 4 or Back 1 Red 2 8.0mm 6.4mm 4.8mm Yeow 4 1/8" X-EDN-19 X-EDNK-22 HSN24 3.2mm Fine adjustment by instaation tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection X-HSN 24 X-HSN 24 hnvs = 5-9 mm X-EDNK22 THQ12 / X-EDN19 THQ mm Stee Deck Pane Bar Joist or Structura Stee Shape / 2013

87 NPH NPH siding and decking nais to concrete Product data Dimensions o 7.4 Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 58 Zinc coating: 8 16 μm o 4.5 o Recommended fastening toos: Cartridges: DX 76 PTR 6.8/18M bue, yeow with DX 76-F-Kwik-PTR fastener guide DX 76 with X-76-F-Kwik fastener guide See Toos and equipment for more detais. C Approvas SOCOTEC (France) BUtgb (Begium) Note: Technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. Appications Exampes Roof decking Wa iners 12 /

88 NPH C Load data Recommended oads Sheeting thickness Trapezoida profie Liner trays t I [mm] (symmetric (asymmetric) nomina N rec [kn] V rec [kn] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] Recommended working oads vaid for stee sheets with a minimum tensie strength of 360 N/mm 2. For intermediate sheet thicknesses, use recommended oad for next smaer thickness. Recommended oads are appropriate for EC1 (or simiar) wind oading designs. The safety factor incuded is at east 2.0 appied to the static 5 % fractie vaue and 1.3 to the cycic (5000 cyces) 5 % fractie vaue. Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Minimum thickness of concrete member h min = 160 mm hmin Thickness of fastened materia Sheet thicknesses and overap types (a) singe (b) side ap (c) end overap (d) side ap and end overap Nomina sheeting thickness t I [mm] Aowabe overap types a, b, c, d > a With the above recommended sheet thickness and overap types, the effects of temperature induced forces of constraint during construction can be negected. These recommendations are vaid for sheets up to S350GD. With other sheets or overaps or when unusuay arge forces of constraint are expected, anayse the structura system to ensure that the shear force acting on the nai does not exceed V rec / 2013

89 NPH Spacing and edge distances (mm) Trapezoida profies to girders or purins Liner trays to coumns Σ tin 5 mm: a 150 mm z 150 mm a z z k k 200 k k d k k d a k k 200 C k 80 mm a 80 mm d 160 mm Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. Appication imits Types of concrete Precast and cast-in-pace pre-stressed concrete Precast and cast-in-pace reinforced concrete Concrete design strength Minimum C20/25 (f c = 20 N/mm 2, f cc = 25 N/mm 2 ) Maximum C45/55 (f c = 45 N/mm 2, f cc = 55 N/mm 2 ) The NPH/DX-Kwik system has been successfuy used in concrete having an in-pace cube strength of 70 N/mm 2 Minimum strength/age at C20/25 concrete must be 28 days od time of fastening C45/55 concrete must be 15 days od Minimum dimensions Minimum width = 180 mm of concrete member Minimum thickness = 160 mm 12 /

90 NPH Fastener seection Fasteners Too Fastener guide Piston Designation Item no. Designation Designation Designation NPH2-42 L DX 76 X-76-F-Kwik X-76-P-Kwik DX 76 PTR X-76-F-Kwik-PTR X-76-P-Kwik-PTR C Cartridge seection and too energy setting Cartridges 6.8/18 M bue Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site Fastening quaity assurance Instaation 23 Pre-dri with TX-C-5/23 dri bit (Item no.: ) Pace fastener with DX 76 PTR or DX 76 Fastening inspection NPH2-42 L mm Check for conformity with recommendations (detaiing spacing and edge distances for fastening) Check the naihead standoff of competed fastenings These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product / 2013

91 X-HVB X-HVB shear connectors Product data Dimensions X-HVB 140 X-HVB 125 Genera information Materia specifications X-HVB Carbon stee: R m = N/mm 2 Zinc coating: 3 μm X-ENP-21 HVB Carbon stee shank: HRC58 Zinc coating: 8 16 μm Recommended fastening toos C Too DX 76 DX 76 PTR X-HVB 110 X-HVB Fastener guide X-76-F-HVB X-76-F-HVB-PTR Piston X-76-P-HVB X-76-P-HVB-PTR Cartridges 6.8/18M back, red (for detais see appication imit X-ENP-21 HVB) See Toos and equipment for more detais Approvas and design guideines ETA-15/0876, design according to X-HVB 80 X-HVB 50 Eurocode 4 (EN , EN ) and Eurocode 8 (EN ) MLIT / BCJ (Japan) With regard to composite design according to AISC (American Institute of Stee Construction), pease refer to the technica iterature of Hiti North America (Product Technica Guide) X-HVB 40 X-ENP-21 HVB Ø Ø Ø15 05 /

92 X-HVB Appications Exampes Typica appication of X-HVB shear connector with stee deck, e.g. new construction. C Typica appication of X-HVB shear connector with jack arch system (without stee deck), e.g. rehabiitation project. Duckwak Characteristic and design resistance (ETA-15/0876) in composite beams with soid sabs Shear Connector Characteristic Resistance P Rk [kn] Design Resistance P Rd [kn] Minimum base materia thickness [mm] X-HVB X-HVB X-HVB X-HVB X-HVB X-HVB X-HVB X-HVB positioning duckwak 8 *) parae with beam Ductiity assessment Ductie according to EN *) Reduction to 6 mm possibe, with regards to required reduction of design resistance see annex C3 of ETA-15/0876. Conditions: Norma weight concrete C20/25 to C50/60 Light weight concrete LC20/22 to LC50/55 with a minimum density ρ = 1750 kg/m³ / 2016

93 X-HVB Design resistance in composite beams with decking ribs transverse to beam axis X-HVB positioning Design Resistance P Rd,t [kn] Ductiity assessment PPPP RRRRRRRR,tttt, = kkkk tttt, PPPP RRRRRRRR X-HVB positioning ongitudina with the beam kkkk tttt, = 0.66 nnnn rrrr bbbb 0 h pppp h SSSSSSSS h pppp PPPP RRRRRRRR,tttt,tttt = 0.89 kkkk tttt,tttt PPPP RRRRRRRR kkkk tttt,tttt = 1.18 nnnn rrrr bbbb 0 h pppp h SSSSSSSS h pppp Ductie according to EN C X-HVB positioning transverse with the beam Conditions: Appicabe for X-HVB 80, X-HVB 95, X-HVB 110, X-HVB 125, X-HVB 140 n r corresponds to the number of X-HVBs per rib (n r 3) Design resistance in composite beams with decking ribs parae to beam axis X-HVB positioning Design Resistance P Rd,t [kn] Ductiity assessment kkkk = 0.6 bbbb 0 h pppp PPPP RRRRRRRR, = kkkk PPPP RRRRRRRR h SSSSSSSS h pppp Ductie according to EN X-HVB positioning ongitudina with the beam Conditions: Appicabe for X-HVB 80, X-HVB 95, X-HVB 110, X-HVB 125, X-HVB 140 X-HVB are to be positioned parae with beam Decking geometric parameters 05 /

94 X-HVB Design information Connector pacement aong the beam The X-HVB is a ductie shear connector according to EN , section 6.6, and may be uniformy distributed between critica sections. These critica sections, where arge changes in shear fow occur, may be at supporting points, points of appication of point oads or areas with extreme bending moments. C Partia shear connection Strength: The minimum connection depends on the design code used: In EN design, N/N f must be at east 0.4. This increases depending on span ength and decking geometry. Defection contro ony If the shear connection is needed for defection contro ony, there is no minimum degree of connection. However, minimum aowabe connector spacing appies and the stee beam must have enough strength to carry the sef-weight and a imposed oads. Further specific design topics covered in the ETA-15/0876 Coverage of seismic oading according to Eurocode 8 (EN ) Design resistance in case of use of od stee with an utimate strength greater than 300 N/mm² and ess than 360 N/mm² Effect of reduced base materia thickness ess than 8 mm for X-HVB 80 to X-HVB 140 Design of end anchorage of composite sabs Design in case of a fire Appication requirements Thickness of base materia t II,min For beams with composite decking: minimum thickness t II = 8 mm. For beams with soid concrete sabs: minimum thickness t II = 6 mm, especiay reevant in renovation projects in order to take the thin fange thickness of sma I-sections (e.g. IAO 100, I 100, IPE 100) into account. Thickness of fastened materia Maximum tota thickness of fixed sheeting t fi x : 2.0 mm for X-HVB 80, X-HVB 95 and X-HVB mm for X-HVB 125 and X-HVB 140 tfix / 2016

95 X-HVB Positioning of X-HVB connectors in soid concrete sabs X-HVB are to be positioned parae with beam 1 row of connectors 2 row of connectors Maximum 3 row of connectors C Positioning of X-HVB connectors with composite deck (deck positioned transverse to; and X-HVB positioned parae with beam axis) Spacing and positioning a t 50 mm for compact profied decking with b 0 /h p 1.8 a t 100 mm for other decking 1 row of connector - Minimum rib width and spacing to decking Rib width < 105mm Rib width 105mm Mutipe rows of connector - Minimum rib width 05 /

96 X-HVB Positioning of X-HVB connectors with composite deck (deck and X-HVB positioned transverse to beam axis) Spacing 2 rows: a t 100 mm for a types decking 3 rows: a t 50 mm for compact profied decking with b 0 /h p 1.8 a t 100 mm for other decking C 1 row 2 rows 3 rows Positioning - 1 row of connectors Without rib stiffener With rib stiffener (X-HVB in contact with rib stiffener) Center in rib Preferred position in compression zone of concrete rib Positioning - 2 and 3 rows of connectors Minimum width of deck rib Contact with rib stiffener OR equi-spacing Positioning of X-HVB connectors with composite deck (deck parae with beam axis) X-HVB are to be positioned parae with beam Spacing and positioning If a centric positioning within the concrete rib is not possibe due to the shape of the composite decking, the decking needs to be spit / 2016

97 X-HVB Duckwak positioning of X-HVB 40 and 50 in combination with thin soid sabs for renovation construction Profie I 80 Profie I 100 Profie IAO 100 Profie IPE 100 C Minimum section width = 40 mm (e.g. od section IAO 100) Minimum center distance of stee sections = 400 mm Appication imits Appication imits are vaid ony if correct cartridge and power setting are used! Appication imits X-ENP-21 HVB Cartridge preseection and power setting In thermo-mechanicay roed construction stee, e.g. S 355M per EN the appication imit is reduced by 50 N/mm 2 Fine adjustment by carrying out instaation tests on site Minimum section covered: IPE 100 Minimum base materia thickness for beams with composite decking: 8 mm 05 /

98 X-HVB Fastener seection Minimum sab thickness C Minimum sab thickness h [mm] X-HVB Without effect of corrosion With effect of corrosion Maximum decking height h p, dependent on decking geometry Maximum height of composite decking h p [mm] X-HVB bbbb oooo h pppp < bbbb oooo h pppp < 1.8 bbbb oooo h pppp 1.0 x) x) b 0 / h p 1.0 for composite decking perpendicuar to beam combined with X-HVB orientation parae with beam Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection h NVS X-HVB Meta decking Structura stee 8.2 mm h NVS 9.8 mm Ceary visibe piston mark on top washer / 2016

99 X-U X-U Genera Purpose Nais for Concrete and Stee Product data Dimensions X-U MX o Ls L o 4 X-U P8 o 8 o Ls L Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 58 HRC 59 (X-U 15) Zinc coating: 5 20 μm X-U P8 S36 o 8 o o 36 X-U P8 S15 o 8 o 4 o Ls 2 Recommended fastening toos See X-U fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. 2.4 Ls L X-U 15 P8TH o 8 dnom o 2.7 o Ls L+2.1 X-U S Ls L L ø8 ø4 ø12 Approvas ICC ESR-2269 (USA) DIBt Z (Germany) ABS, LR 97/00077, IBMB 2006/2011 Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. D Appications System formwork Wa-tie to stee and concrete Mechanica and eectrica fixtures Drywa track to concrete and stee X 6CrTi 17 (1.4510) Conventiona formwork Tagging abes Tacking of meta decks Si pates / 2x4 wood to concrete and stee The intended use for safety reevant and permanent appications ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. 10 /

100 X-U Fastening to Concrete Recommended oads D Nrec Vrec N rec [kn] V rec [kn] h ET [mm] Design conditions: For safety reevant fastenings sufficient redundancy of the entire system is required: Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit. A visibe faiures must be repaced. Vaid for concrete with strength of f cc 45 N/mm 2. Vaid for predominanty static oading. Faiure of the fastened materia is not considered in recommended oads To imit penetration of nai and to increase pu-over oad, use nais with washers / 2014

101 X-U Fastening to Concrete Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete: h min = 80 mm Thickness of fastened materia Wood: t = mm Edge distance 70 Edge distance: c 70 mm Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastening to concrete Required nai shank ength: L S = h ET + t [mm] Recommendation: h ET = 22 mm D het het het ti ti ti In case fush fastenings are required: L S = h ET + t 5 [mm] Cartridge recommendation Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site Fastening to concrete: 6.8/11M yeow cartridge on green/ fresh and standard concrete 6.8/11M red cartridge on precast, od and hard concrete 10 /

102 X-U Fastening to Stee Recommended oads Fastening of stee sheets and other stee parts with X-U 16 and X-U 19 Recommended oads X-U _ P8/MX X-U _ S12 t [mm] N rec [kn] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] D Tacking of stee sheets with X-U 15 according to ECCS-recommendation N73, Good Construction Practice for Composite Sabs Recommended oads t [mm] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] Design conditions: Recommended working oads vaid for stee sheet with minimum tensie strength 360 N/mm 2. For intermediate sheet thicknesses, use recommended oad for next smaer thickness. In case of a design based on the characteristic resistance, recommended vaues have to be mutipied by two: => N Rk = N rec 2.0 V Rk = V rec 2.0 For X-U 16 S12: base materia thickness t II,min = 8 mm for t I 1.5 mm and t II,min = 6 mm for t I 1.25 mm Other fastened parts: cips, brackets, etc. Redundancy (mutipe fastening) must be provided. Vaid for predominanty static oading Forces of constraint When fastening arge pieces of stee, the possibiity of shear oadings from forces of constraint shoud be considered. Avoid exceeding V rec for the fastener shank! Defection due to primary oading Temperature effect P P / 2014

103 X-U Fastening to Stee Fastenings of wood to stee N rec = 0.3 kn V rec = 0.6 kn Nrec Design conditions: For safety-reevant fastenings sufficient redundancy of the entire system is required. In case soft materia is fastened, its strength determines the oads. To imit penetration of nai and to increase pu-over oad, use nais with washers. Observance of edge distance and fastener spacing in compiance with recognized standards EN 1995 (see approva). With respect to detais of fastening wood, chipboard or OSB members to stee base materia, it is refered to the German approva DIBt Z Appication requirements Vrec D Thickness of base materia Stee: t 6.0 mm (fastening stee to stee) t 4.0 mm (fastening wood to stee) Thickness of fastened materia Stee: t 3 mm (fastened materia not pre-dried) 3 mm < t 6 mm (fastened materia pre-dried) Wood: t = mm Condition for thick fastened stee parts (3 mm < t 6 mm) If a gap between the fastened part and the 4.5 d nom = 18mm base materia is unacceptabe, the fastened part needs to be prepared with dried hoes. Edge distance and spacing Roed shapes: d s o d nom = 18mm Edge distance: c 15 mm Spacing: a = 20 mm 10 /

104 X-U Fastening to Stee Appication imits D Fastening of stee sheets and stee parts to stee Fastening of wood and soft materia to stee Stee thickness, tii [mm] X-U16 X-U15 10 S S S Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] X-U 16 P8, X-U 15 P8TH: For stee sheeting with 0.75 mm t I 1.25 mm sheets Stee thickness, tii [mm] S 235 / 510 N/mm 2 S 355 / 630 N/mm Wood thickness, t I [mm] For X-U 22 P8 to X-U 62 P8 Fastener seection and system recommendation Required nai shank ength: L S = h ET + t [mm] Fastening stee to stee Fastening wood to stee ti ti t I t II het t II het tii h ET Recommendation: h ET = 12 ± 2 mm h ET 8 mm Cartridge recommendation Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site Fastening wood to stee: 6.8/11M green or yeow cartridge on stee thickness t II < 6 mm 6.8/11M yeow, red or back cartridge on stee thickness t II 6 mm Fastening stee to stee: 6.8/11M cartridge / 2014

105 X-U Fastening to Stee X-U 16 >20 19 X-U 15 P8TH > Base materia thickness tii [mm] Back Red Back S 235 S 355 Base materia thickness tii [mm] Red Back Yeow Red S 235 S 355 D Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection X-U P8/MX X-U S12 X-U _ P8TH / MXSP h NVS h NVS hnvs h NVS = mm h NVS = mm h NVS = mm 10 /

106 X-U D Fastener program Standard toos Specia toos DX 460 MX DX 460 F8 DX 36, DX 2 DX E72 DX 351 MX DX 351 F8 DX 35 DX 462 F8 DX 460 F8S12 / DX 462 F8S12 Fastener Item no. L S [mm] Key appications X-U 16 MX n n Sheet meta on stee X-U 19 MX n n Sheet meta on stee X-U 22 MX n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 27 MX n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 32 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 37 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 42 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 47 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 52 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 57 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 62 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 72 MX n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 16 P n n n n n n Sheet meta on stee X-U 19 P n n n n n n Sheet meta on stee X-U 22 P n n n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 27 P n n n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 32 P n n n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 37 P n n n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 42 P n n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 47 P n n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 52 P n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 57 P n n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 62 P n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 72 P n n n Wood on concrete/stee X-U 16 P8TH n n n n n n Sheet meta on stee, *) X-U 19 P8TH n n n n n n Sheet meta on stee, *) X-U 27 P8TH n n n n n n Sheet meta on concrete, *) X-U 15 MXSP n n Sheet meta on stee X-U 15 P8TH n n n n n n Sheet meta on stee *) firm hod down / 2014

107 X-U Standard toos Specia toos DX 460 MX DX 460 F8 DX 36, DX 2 DX E72 DX 351 MX DX 351 F8 DX 35 DX 462 F8 DX 460 F8S12 / DX 462 F8S12 Fastener Item no. L S [mm] Key appications X-U 27 P8S n n n n n n High pu-over strength X-U 32 P8S n n n n n n High pu-over strength X-U 32 P8S n n n n n n Soft materia on concr./stee X-U 52 P8S n n n n n Soft materia on concr./stee X-U 72 P8S n n n Soft materia on concr./stee X-U 16 S n High pu-over strength X-U 19 S n High pu-over strength X-U 22 S n High pu-over strength X-U 27 S n High pu-over strength X-U 32 S n High pu-over strength n = Recommended n = Feasibe D 10 /

108 X-U D 128

109 X-C X-C Nais for Concrete and Sand-ime-Masonry Product data Dimensions X-C P8 o 8 o 3.5 X-C MX o 8 2 Ls L 2 Ls L X-C P8S o 3.5 Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 56.5 HRC 58 *) Zinc coating: 5 20 μm *) X-C 82, 97 and 117 P8 (d nom = 3.7 mm) Recommended fastening toos See X-C fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. X-C P8S23T (for tunneing appications) 2 D o 8 23 o 8 23 o 3.5 o 3.5 C23 o 2 Ls 2 Ls L X-C P8S L o 8 36 o 3.5 C36 2 Ls L Appications Exampes Conventiona Formwork System Formwork Drywa track to concrete 09 /

110 X-C Load data Recommended oads Nrec Vrec Fastening wood to concrete: N rec [kn] V rec [kn] h ET [mm] Fastenings to sandime masonry: N rec = V rec = 0.4 kn for h ET 27 mm D Design conditions: For safety reevant fastenings sufficient redundancy of the entire system is required: minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit. A visibe faiures must be repaced. Vaid for concrete with strength of f cc < 45 N/mm 2. Vaid for predominanty static oading. Faiure of the fastened materia is not considered in recommended oads. To imit penetration of nai in soft materia and to increase puover oad, use nais with washers. Appication requirements Thickness of base and fastened materia Edge distances [mm] 70 c 70 mm Concrete h min = 80 mm t I 50.0 mm Corrosion information The intended use for safety reevant and permanent appications ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres / 2014

111 X-C Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener seection Required nai shank ength: L S = h ET + t [mm] Recommendation: Concrete Sandime masonry h ET = 22 mm h ET = 27 mm ti het het ti ti het D In case fush fastenings are required: LS = h ET + t 5 [mm] 09 /

112 X-C Fastener program Nais Toos D Packs of 1000 pcs Item no. Packs of 100 pcs Specification DX 460 MX DX 460 F8 DX 2 DX E72 / DX 36 DX 351 MX DX 351 F8 DX 35 Fastener L s d nom description (mm) (mm) Key appications X-C 22 P Thin meta part to concrete X-C 27 P Thin meta part to concrete X-C 32 P Thin meta part to concrete X-C 37 P Thin meta part to concrete X-C 42 P Soft mat / Wood on concrete X-C 47 P Soft mat / Wood on concrete X-C 52 P Wood on concrete X-C 62 P Wood on concrete X-C 72 P Wood on concrete X-C 82 P Wood on concrete X-C 97 P Wood on concrete X-C 117 P Wood on concrete X-C 20 THP Thin meta part to concrete X-C 22 P8 S15TH Thin meta part to concrete X-C 22 P8TH Thin meta part to concrete X-C 27 P8TH Thin meta part to concrete X-C 27 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 32 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 37 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 42 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 47 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 37 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 52 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 62 P8S High pu-over strength on concrete X-C 32 P8S23T Tunneing appications X-C 37 P8S23T Tunneing appications recommended feasibe / 2014

113 X-C Nais Toos Packs of 1000 pcs Item no. Packs of 100 pcs Specification DX 460 MX DX 460 F8 DX 2 DX E72 / DX 36 DX 351 MX DX 351 F8 DX 35 Fastener L s d nom description (mm) (mm) Key appications X-C 20 MX Thin meta part to concrete X-C 27 MX Thin meta part to concrete X-C 32 MX Thin meta part to concrete X-C 37 MX Thin meta part to concrete X-C 42 MX Soft materia / Wood on concrete X-C 47 MX Soft materia / Wood on concrete X-C 52 MX Wood on Concrete X-C 62 MX Wood on Concrete X-C 72 MX Wood on Concrete MX: coated nais for magazine recommended Cartridge recommendation: Green concrete: 6.8/11M green Norma concrete: 6.8/11M yeow Od/high strength concrete: 6.8/11M red Sandime masonry: 6.8/11M green Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. D 09 /

114 D 134

115 X-S X-S Drywa Fasteners to Stee Product data Dimensions X-S13 THP o 8 d nom L s Ls o 8 X-S16 P8TH o 8 d nom Ls L s o10 Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: X-S 16 P8 TH HRC 55.5 X-S13 THP/MX HRC 52.5 Zinc coating: 5 13 μm Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 460 MX, DX 36, DX 2, DX 351, DX 351 MX, DX-E 72 See X-S fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas ICC (USA): X-S (ESR-1752) Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. D Appications Exampes Drywa tracks to stee 10 /

116 X-S Load data Recommended oads Stee 0.4 kn Nrec Vrec Design conditions: Redundancy (mutipe fastening) must be provided A visibe faiures must be repaced Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Stee D tii t 3 mm Thickness of fastened materia Wooden track: Meta track: t 24 mm t 2 mm Edge distance c 15 mm d nom = 17mm Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see corresponding chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section / 2014

117 X-S Appication imits Stee 10 (3/8 ) X-S13 THP X-S13 MX Stee thickness, tii [mm] 8 (5/16 ) 6 (1/4 ) S 235 S 275 / A36 4 (1/8 ) 3 S 355 / A DX Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener seection D Appication Base materia X-S 16 Meta track Stee X-S 13 Meta track Stee increasing strength Fastener program Standard toos Item no. Item no. Packs of Packs of Fastener 1000 nais 100 nais L S [mm] d nom [mm] DX 460 MX DX 460 F8 DX 36, DX 2 DX E72 DX 351 MX DX 351 F8 DX 35 X-S 13 THP n n n n n X-S 16 P8 TH n n n n n X-S 13 MX n n 10 /

118 X-S Cartridge seection and too energy setting Cartridge recommendation: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge on stee thickness t 6 mm 6.8/11M green or yeow cartridge on stee thickness t < 6 mm Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection Fastening to stee D h NVS X-S: h NVS = 2 4 mm ti / 2014

119 X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN: GX Fasteners Product data Dimensions Genera information X-EGN 14 Materia specifications o o X-GHP 16/18/20/24 o Ls L X-GN 20/27/32 o Ls L X-GN 39 o 5 o 3 o 3 o 2.6 Carbon stee shank: X-EGN HRC 58 X-GHP HRC 58 X-GN HRC 53.5 Zinc coating: 2 13 μm Recommended fastening toos GX 120, GX 120-ME GX 100, GX 100 E See X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas ICC-ESR 1752 (USA): X-GN 20/27/32, X-EGN 14, X-GHP 16/18/20/24 IBMB X-GHP, X-GN Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. D Appications Exampes Drywa tracks to concrete and stee Eectrica appications Temporary tacking of composite deck to stee beams 03 /

120 X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN Load data Recommended oads Nrec Vrec Design conditions: Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit A visibe faiures must be repaced Concrete N rec [kn] V rec [kn] h ET [mm] Stee N rec = V rec = 0.4 kn D Recommended oads of X-EGN 14 MX for temporary tacking of composite decks Tension Nrec [kn] Shear Nrec [kn] Conditions: The intended use of the fastenings is to secure the deck position and to ensure a safe working patform during the erection state ony. The fasteners serve as temporary fixation unti the shear connectors of the composite beams are attached. At each permanent composite deck support, it is recommended to drive at east one fastener per trough. Every deck pane must be fixed at east with two fasteners at every permanent support. Singe ayer sheet with a maximum thickness of 1.25 mm. Sheeting grade up to S450 acc. to EN Minimum base materia thickness: 6 mm. Minimum stee grade: S235 acc. to EN / 2017

121 X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete Stee tii hmin dnom h min = 60 mm (d nom = 3.0 mm) t 4 mm Thickness of fastened materia Wooden track: t 24 mm Meta track: t 2 mm Spacing and edge distances (mm) D Spacing aong track (as per U.S. Gypsum Handbook) A track ends (cut-outs for doors), secure with 2 nais Distance to edge of concrete / sandime masonry Fastener spacings on wood: d nom Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. 03 /

122 X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN Appication imits D Stee Stee thickness tii [mm] > S235Jxx Stee strength Rm [N/mm 2] X-EGN 14 S275Jxx S355Jxx For temporary tacking of composite decks Base Materia Thickness [mm] > S235 S275 S Base Materia Utimate Strength [N/mm 2] Design conditions: Singe ayer sheet with a maximum thickness of 1.25 mm. Sheeting grade up to S450 acc. to EN Minimum base materia thickness: 6 mm Minimum stee grade: S235 acc. to EN Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener seection Fastening to concrete / sandime masonry Appication X-GN 39 MX Base materia Wooden track (t I 24 mm) Concrete/sandime masonry X-GN 27MX Meta track Concrete/sandime masonry X-GN 20 MX Meta track Concrete/sandime masonry X-GHP_MX Meta track Concrete/sandime masonry increasing strength Fastening to stee Appication Base materia X-EGN 14 Meta track Stee / 2017

123 X-EGN, X-GHP, X-GN Fastener program Item no. L s [mm] L [mm] d nom [mm] X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 16 MX X-GHP 18 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX X-GN 20 MX X-GN 27 MX X-GN 32 MX X-GN 39 MX Too and gas can Designation GX 120 / GX 120 ME with gas can GC 20, GC 21 and GC 22 GX 100 / GX 100 E with gas can GC 11 and GC 12 (for USA) D Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection Fastening to concrete / sandime masonry Fastening to stee hcs h NVS t I t I h NVS t I X-GN/GHP: h NVS = 2 5 mm X-GN 39: h CS = 2 3 mm X-EGN 14: h NVS = 4 7 mm 03 /

124 D / 2017

125 DS DS Heavy Duty Genera Purpose Nais for Concrete and Stee Product data Dimensions Genera information DS P10 Materia specifications o10 o4.5 Ls o10 Carbon stee shank: Zinc coating: HRC 54 (DS) HRC 58 (DSH) 5 20 μm L s + 2 Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR See DS fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais Approvas ICC (USA) LR 97/00077 Note: Technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. D Appications Exampes Wood to stee and concrete Pastic and rubber to stee Meta parts to concrete Soft materia to stee and concrete 10 /

126 DS Load data Recommended oads Fastening wood to concrete, sandime masonry or stee Fastening wood to concrete, sandime masonry: N rec = V rec = 0.4 kn Nrec Vrec Fastening wood to stee: N rec = V rec = 0.6 kn D Design conditions: For safety-reevant fastenings sufficient redundancy of the entire system is required: minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit with norma weight concrete base materia. A visibe faiures must be repaced. Vaid for concrete and sandime masonry with strength of f cc < 40 N/mm 2. Fastened materia: wood, minimum thickness = 24 mm pywood, minimum thickness = 16 mm Soft materia: Working oads depend on strength and thickness of materia fastened. Do not use working oads in excess of those for wood. Depth of penetration and other conditions same as for fastening wood. Use R23 or R36 ( 4.5 mm hoe) washer to contro penetration and to increase pu-over strength. Separatey avaiabe from Hiti. Meta profies to concrete: N rec = V rec = 0.4 kn Nrec Vrec Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit (norma weight concrete) Increase to 600 N possibe if 8 or more fastenings in each fastened unit. A visibe faiures must be repaced t I = 1 4 mm / 2014

127 DS Appication requirements Thickness of base materia hmin tii dnom Concrete h min = 100 mm (d nom 4.5 mm) Stee t 6 mm Thickness of fastened materia t I 50.0 mm Spacing and edge distances (mm) Edge distance: concrete Edge distance: stee D Spacing a = 20 mm 4.5 d nom = 21mm Corrosion information The intended use for safety-reevant and permanent appications ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. 10 /

128 DS Appication imits Stee Shank ength, Ls [mm] DS Stee thickness, t II [mm] D Fastener seection Fastening to concrete Required nai shank ength: Wood or meta profies L S = h ET + t [mm] Soft materia L S = h ET + t 2 h cs [mm] h CS 3 mm if possibe ti h ET Required depth of penetration h ET Seect h ET h ET 27 mm ti h CS t I h ET h ET Fastening to stee h ET = mm t I h ET / 2014

129 DS Fastener program Fasteners Too 1 ) Designation Item no. L S [mm] d nom [mm] Designation DS 27 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DS 32 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DS 37 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DS 42 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DS 47 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DS 52 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DSH 57 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DS 62 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR DS 72 P DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR 1 ) Nai ength imits are for use without pre-driving into the wood. Hand-driving the nai into the wood and bringing the DX too into position over the nai head extend the nai ength range for the toos. Cartridge seection and too energy setting Cartridge recommendation: DX 460 Stee: 6.8/11M red cartridge Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Masonry: 6.8/11M green cartridge D Cartridge recommendation: DX 76, DX 76 PTR Stee: 6.8/18M red or back cartridge Concrete: 6.8/18M yeow or red cartridge Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection Fastening wood or soft materia Fastening meta profies ti ti ti Fush setting of the nais 10 /

130 D 150

131 EDS EDS Nais for Fastening Stee to Stee Product data Dimensions EDS P10 o4.5 o10 2 L S Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: EDS 19/22 HRC 55.0 EDS 27 HRC 53.5 Zinc coating: μm Recommended fastening toos DX 76, DX 76 PTR See EDS fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas ICC (USA) ABS & LR Note: Technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. D Appications Exampe Meta cips Ange bracket Mounting bracket 08 /

132 EDS Load data Recommended oads ( predominanty static) Stee sheet fastening EDS _ P10 t I [mm] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] Recommended oads vaid for stee sheet with minimum tensie strength 360 N/mm 2. For intermediate sheet thicknesses, use recommended oad for next smaer thickness. N rec and V rec incude an overa safety factor of 3.0 appied to the characteristic test data. Static test: N rec = N test,k / 3.0, V rec = V test,k / 3.0 D Forces of constraint When fastening arge pieces of stee, the possibiity of shear oadings from forces of constraint shoud be considered. Avoid exceeding V rec for the fastener shank! Defection due to primary oading Temperature effect P P / 2014

133 EDS Appication requirements Thickness of base materia t (mm) EDS 6 tii 6 mm Thickness of fastened materia t I 3 mm Stee fastened materia 3 mm thick, usuay deforms with the dispaced base materia to aow a tight fit between fastened stee and base materia without pre-driing. Because conditions may vary, tria fastenings are recommended 3 D t I > 3 mm Without pre-driing: stee fastened materia > 3 M mm thick is too stiff to deform entirey with the dispaced M base materia. The gap, which increases with increasing t I, can resut in bending moments being appied to the nai shank. 3 To prevent imposition of a moment on the shank of fastener, use three fasteners in a group. With pre-driing: If a gap between the fastened part and the base materia is unacceptabe, the fastened part can be prepared with dried hoes. 20mm d s o /

134 EDS Spacing and edge distances (mm) Base materia Fastened materia tii Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. D Appication imits Sheet thickness, tii [mm] EDS S 235 S 275 S Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] À EDS with DX76 and DX 76 PTR Limit ine vaid for stee, t I 3 mm For stee t I > 3 mm and without pre-driing, either make tria fastenings or adjust t I to t I + t I before using the chart / 2014

135 EDS Fastener program Base materia Fixed materia thickness t I [mm] Fastener Item no. L s h ET DX toos thickness [mm] [mm] t II,min 6 mm n n n n EDS 19 P n recommended thickness n n n n EDS 22 P n n n EDS 27 P L s = h ET + t DX 76, DX76PTR Cartridge recommendation Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site Fastener Cartridge seection and too energy setting EDS Cartridge recommendation: 6.8/18M red or back Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection D EDS P10 h NVS h NVS = mm 08 /

136 D 156

137 X-CR X-CR Stainess Stee Nais for Fastening to Stee Product data Dimensions X-CR P8 o Ls L X-CR 14 D12 o3.7 o5.6 o L s L o8 o5.6 o L s L o3.7 X-CR S12 Genera information Materia specifications Nai shank: CR-500 (CrNiMo aoy) f u 1800 N/mm 2 Stee washers: X2CrNiMo Pastic washers: poyethyene Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 450 See X-CR fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas DIBt (Germany): ABS, LR, IBMB: X-CR 14 P8 fastening of gas facades with DX 450 (125%) a types E Appications (for fastenings exposed to weather or other corrosive conditions) Exampes Wa ties Fastening of gas facades 12 /

138 X-CR Load data Recommended oads Stee sheet fastening Carbon stee sheet, f u 370 N/mm 2 Auminium sheet, f u 210 N/mm 2 X-CR P8 X-CR D12/S12 X-CR P8 X-CR D12/S12 t [mm] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] t [mm] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] Recommended working oads vaid for fastened materias as shown above. For intermediate sheet thicknesses, use recommended oad for next smaer thickness. For stainess stee sheet, use same oads as for carbon stee sheet. Recommended oads incude an overa safety factor appied to the characteristic strength. Static test: N rec = N test,k / 3.0 V rec = V test,k / 3.0 These recommended oads are appropriate for Eurocode 1 (or simiar) wind oading designs. E Other appications* X-CR P8 / X-CR 14 D12 / X-CR S12 N rec [kn] V rec [kn] M rec [Nm] * Fastened parts: thicker stee components (cips, brackets, etc.) Faiure of fastened materia is not considered in N rec and V rec. Loads vaid for predominanty static oading. Forces of constraint When fastening arge pieces of stee or auminium, the possibiity of shear oadings from forces of constraint shoud be considered in the fastening design. Either aow for movement or avoid exceeding V rec! Defection due to primary oading Temperature effect P P / 2013

139 X-CR Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Using DX 450 too: t 5.0 mm 1) Using DX 460 too: t 6.0 mm 1) t 4 mm possibe for specific types of hoow sections Thickness of fastened materia t I 12.0 mm (detais see fastener seection) Spacing and edge distances (mm) Roed shapes Cod formed shapes Fastened materia 20 bx** t II = tii tii Corrosion information ** max. aowabe b x 8 x t II (however, jobsite trais advisabe) For fastenings exposed to weather or other corrosive conditions. Not for use in highy corrosive surroundings ike swimming poos or highway tunnes. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. E Appication imits DX 450, DX S235Jxx S275Jxx S355Jxx Stee strength, Rm [N/mm2] Stee thickness, t [mm] À X-CR16 (t I 3 mm) with DX 450 too Á X-CR14 (t I 2 mm) with DX 450 too  X-CR14 (t I 1 mm) with DX 450 too à X-CR14 (t I 1 mm) with DX 460 too DX 450: Stee thickness t I 5 mm DX 460: Stee thickness t I 6 mm 12 /

140 X-CR Fastener progam Fastening of stee sheets Fixed materia thickness t [mm] Fastener L s h ET Too Designation Item no. [mm] [mm] n n X-CR 14 P DX 450, DX 460 n X-CR 16 P DX 450, DX 460 n X-CR 14 D DX 450 n n X-CR 16 S DX 450 Fastening of wood or soft materia Fixed materia thickness t [mm] Fastener L s h ET Too Designation Item no. [mm] [mm] n n X-CR 18 P DX 450, DX 460 n n X-CR 21 P DX 450, DX 460 n n X-CR 18 S DX 450 n n X-CR 21 S DX 450 n n X-CR 24 S DX 450 n = recommended thickness L s = h ET + t for X-CR P8 L s = h ET + t + 1 for X-CR D12/S12 E Cartridge recommendation DX /11M red or back cartridge DX /11M yeow cartridge (t I 5 6 mm) 6.8/11M red cartridge (t I > 6 mm) Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection X-CR P8 X-CR 14 D12 X-CR S12 t II hnvs t I h ET t II h NVS t I h ET tii h NVS t I h ET h NVS = mm h NVS = 4 5 mm h NVS = 4 5 mm / 2013

141 X-CR X-CR Stainess Stee Nais for Concrete, Sand ime Masonry and Stee Product data Dimensions X-CR P8 o Ls L X-CR P8 o4 o8 o8 Genera information Materia specifications Nai shank: CrNiMo Aoy f u 1800 N/mm 2 (49 HRC) Zinc coating: X-CR 48 P8S15 has 5 13 μm Zinc coating to improve anchorage in concrete 2.4 Ls L X-CR P8 S12 o4 Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E72 See X-CR fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais o Ls L Approvas DIBt (Germany): X-CR 48 P8 S15 X-CR _P8 S15 o4 2.4 Ls o15 ICC (USA): ABS, LR, IBMB: X-CR with d nom = 3.7 mm a types E L Appications Exampes Treated umber HD E Stainess stee A Exposure to weather or otherwise corrosive conditions Nobe or corrosive fastened materia 10 /

142 X-CR Load data DX Standard: Recommended oads Fastening wood to concrete, sandime masonry or stee Fastening wood to concrete, sandime masonry: N rec = V rec = 0.4 kn Nrec Vrec Fastening wood to stee: N rec = V rec = 0.6 kn Design conditions: For safety reevant fastenings sufficient redundancy of the entire system is required: minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit with norma weight concrete base materia. A visibe faiures must be repaced. Vaid for concrete and sandime masonry with strength of f cc < 40 N/mm 2. Vaid for predominanty static oading. E Soft materia: Working oads depend on strength and thickness of materia fastened. Do not use working oads in excess of those for wood. Depth penetration and other conditions same as for fastening wood Use R23 or R36 ( 4.5 mm hoe) washer to contro penetration and to increase pu-over strength. Separatey avaiabe from Hiti. DX-Kwik (with pre-driing): Recommended oads N rec,1 [kn] N rec,2 [kn] V rec [kn] M rec [Nm] X-CR 39/ X-CR Conditions: N rec,1 : concrete in compressive zone. N rec,2 : concrete in tension zone. Static or cycic (5000 oad appications) oading. f cc 25 N/mm 2. For higher concrete strengths, higher oadings may be possibe if supported by testing. A sufficient redundancy has to be ensured, that the faiure of a singe fastening wi not ead to coapse of the entire system. Recommended oads are based on faiure of the fastener anchorage in the concrete. Thickness and quaity of the fastened materia may ower the oadings. Observance of a pre-driing requirements, fastened thickness imits, and recommended detais / 2014

143 X-CR Appication requirements Thickness of base materia hmin dnom Concrete h min = 80 mm (d nom = 3.7 mm) h min = 90 mm (d nom 4.0 mm) tii Stee t 5 mm for fastening of wood Thickness of fastened materia t I 25.0 mm (detaied information see fastener seection) Spacing and edge distances (mm) Pairs Row aong edge Genera (e.g. group of fasteners) 200 c c c c a c c a E reinforced* non-reinforced c reinforced* non-reinforced c * Minimum 6 mm reinforcing stee continuous aong a edges and around a corners. Edge bar must be encosed by stirrups. reinforced* non-reinforced c a d nom = 18mm Corrosion information For fastenings exposed to weather or other corrosive conditions. Not for use in highy corrosive surroundings ike swimming poos or highway tunnes. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. 10 /

144 X-CR Appication imits Stee 59 Shank ength, LS [mm] S 355 S Fastener seection Stee thickness, t II [mm] E DX Standard fastening wood or soft materia Required nai shank ength Wood: L S = h ET + t [mm] Soft materia: L S = h ET + t 2.4 h cs [mm] h CS 3 mm if possibe 2.4 Required depth of penetration h ET Norma weight concrete NWC h ET according to concrete strength f cc f cc [N/mm 2 ] h ET [mm] o3.7 L s L o8 Sandime masonry SLM h ET according to concrete strength f cc f cc [N/mm 2 ] h ET [mm] Light weight concrete LWC: h ET = mm Stee h ET 10 mm t I h cs t I t I h ET het Norma weight concrete NWC Sandime masonry SLM Stee / 2014

145 X-CR Fastener program Fasteners Too Designation Item no L S [mm] d nom [mm] Designation X-CR 24 P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 1 ) X-CR 29 P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 1 ) X-CR 34 P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 1 ) X-CR 39 P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 1 ) X-CR 44 P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 1 ) X-CR 54 P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 1 ) X-CR 39 P8 S DX 460, DX 36, DX 2 2 ) X-CR 44 P8 S DX 460, DX 36, DX 2 2 ) X-CR 48 P8 S DX 460, DX 36, DX 2 2 ) X-CR 52 P8 S DX 460 Method: 1 ) DX Standard (without pre-driing) 2 ) DX-Kwik (with pre-driing) Cartridge seection DX Standard Stee: Concrete: Masonry: 6.8/11M yeow, red or back cartridge 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge 6.8/11M green cartridge E DX-Kwik Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow or red or back cartridge Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. 10 /

146 X-CR Fastening quaity assurance Instaation instruction DX-Kwik Pre-driing detais (not through fastened materia) o 5 o 5 18 X-CR 39 / X-CR 44 Fastener t I [mm] Dri bit Item no X-CR 39 2 TX-C-5/ X-CR TX-C-5/18 X-CR 48 Fastener t I [mm] Dri bit Item no X-CR 48 5 TX-C-5/ Detais vaid for C20/25 C45/55 (f cc = N/mm 2 / f c = N/mm 2 ) Pre-driing detais (through fastened materia) o 5 E 23 t I X-CR 48 Fastener t I [mm] Dri bit Item no X-CR 48 2 TX-C-5/ Detais vaid for C20/25 C50/60 These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product / 2014

147 X-CT X-CT Nais for Forming or other Temporary uses Product data Dimensions X-CT MX, X-CT DP8 o 5 Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 53 Zinc coating: 5 20 μm o 3.7 Recommended fastening toos DX 460-F8, DX 460 MX, DX 36, DX Ls See X-CT fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. 22 o 8 E Appications Exampes Conventiona Formwork System Formwork To position and hod concrete formwork Fasten pastic, netting, etc. 10 /

148 X-CT Load data Recommended oads Vrec Conditions: Static oading ony (pacing and vibration of concrete does not affect design). Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit. V rec = 0.3 kn for h ET 22 mm Appication requirements Thickness of base and fastened materia Edge distances 70 E h min = 80 mm t = mm Edge distances c 70 mm Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener seection Required nai shank ength: L S = h ET + t [mm] ti Recommendation: Concrete h ET = 22 mm het / 2014

149 X-CT Fastener program Fasteners Item no. Packs of L S d nom Designation 1000 nais 100 nais [mm] [mm] Toos DX 460 MX DX 460 F8 DX 36, DX 2 DX E72 Key appications X-CT 47 MX n Wood to concrete X-CT 52 MX n Wood to concrete X-CT 62 MX n Wood to concrete X-CT 72 MX n Wood to concrete X-CT 47 DP n n n Wood to concrete X-CT 52 DP n n n Wood to concrete X-CT 62 DP n n n Wood to concrete X-CT 72 DP n n n Wood to concrete X-CT 97 DP n n n Wood to concrete MX: coated nais for magazine n recommended Cartridge recommendation: Green concrete: 6.8/11M green Norma concrete: 6.8/11M yeow E 10 /

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151 DX-Kwik DX-Kwik X-M6H, X-M8H Threaded Studs and DNH, X-DKH Nais Product data Dimensions Genera information X-M6H- -37 FP8 Materia specifications M6 o 3.7 Carbon stee shank: HRC 58 L g 37 o 8 Zinc coating: 5 20 μm L Recommended fastening toos X-M8H -37 P8 o 5.5 M8 o 4.5 o 8 DX 460, DX 36 See DX-Kwik fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. 3.5 L g L DNH 37 P8S15 o 8 2 o L s L X-DKH 48 P8S15 2 o 4 L s o 15 Approvas IBMB 3041/8171 X-M8H, X-DKH, X-M6H SOCOTEC (France): DNH, X-M8H Note: Technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. E o 8 o 15 2 Ls L Appications Exampes Base pates, rais for piping Radiator brackets Foor stands, meta fixtures to concrete Suspended ceiings 12 /

152 DX-Kwik Load data Recommended oads N rec,1 [kn] N rec,2 [kn] V rec,1 [kn] M rec,1 [Nm] X-M6H, DNH X-M8H, X-DKH Conditions N rec,1 : concrete in compressive zone. N rec,2 : concrete in tension zone. Predominanty static oading. Concrete C20/25 C50/60. A sufficient redundancy has to be ensured, that the faiure of a singe fastening wi not ead to coapse of the entire system. Recommended oads are based on faiure of the fastener anchorage in the concrete. Thickness and quaity of the fastened materia may ower the oadings. Observance of a pre-driing requirements, fastened thickness imits, and recommended detais. The recommended oads in the tabe refer to the resistance of the individua fastening and may not be the same as the oads F N and F V acting on the fastened part. Note: If reevant, prying forces need to be considered in design, see exampe. Moment acting on fastener shank ony in case of a gap between base and fastened materia. E Arrangements to prevent moment on shank: Couper tight against concrete Z F V F N Non-symmetric arrangement Z2 Z3 F N Z1 F V Moment on fastened part Prying effect must be considered in determining oads acting on fastener Resutant forces on nai / 2013

153 DX-Kwik Appication requirements Thickness of base materia X-M6H, DNH 37: X-M8H, X-DKH 48: h min = 100 mm h min = 100 mm Thickness of fastened materia X-M6H: X-M8H: DNH 37: X-DKH 48: t L g - t washer - t nut up to 13.5 mm t L g - t washer - t nut up to 14.0 mm t 2.0 mm t 5.0 mm or t 2.0 by pre-driing through fastened materia Spacing and edge distances (mm) Pairs Row aong edge Genera (e.g. group of fasteners 200 c c c c a c c a Reinforced Non-reinforced c Reinforced Non-reinforced c Reinforced Non-reinforced c a E Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. 12 /

154 DX-Kwik Fastener program Fastened Fastener thickness t I,max [mm] Designation Item no. L g [mm] L s [mm] L [mm] X-M6H FP X-M8H P X-M8H/ P X-M8H/ P DNH 37 P8S * X-DKH 48 P8S *) with pre-driing through fastened materia t I,max = 2.0 mm Toos, cartridge seection and too energy setting Designation DX 460, DX 36: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. E Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection X-M6H, X-M8H DNH 37, X-DKH 48 hnvs Pace nais so that heads and washers bear tighty against each other and against the fastened materia t I h NVS h NVS = L - h ET, h ET = mm h NVS 4 mm / 2013

155 DX-Kwik Instaation X-M6H, X-M8H DNH 37, X-DKH 48 o 5 23 Trec ti Pre-driing detais (not through fastened materia) DNH 37 t I [mm] Dri-bit Item no. 2 TX-C5/ o 5 Pre-dri with dri bit Designation Item no TX-C-5/23B or TX-C-5/ Tightening torque Designation T rec [Nm] X-M6H 6.5 X-M8H 10.0 X-DKH 48 t I [mm] Dri-bit Item no. 5 TX-C-5/23B or TX-C-5/ o 5 E Detais vaid for C20/25 C50/60 Pre-driing detais (through fastened materia) t I X-DKH 48 t I [mm] Dri-bit Item no. 2 ony TX-C5/ Detais vaid for C20/25 C50/60 These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product. 12 /

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157 X-M6, X-W6, X-M8, M10, W10 X-M6, X-W6, X-M8, M10, W10 Threaded Studs for Concrete Product data Dimensions Genera information X-M6/W6 FP8 X-M8 P8 Materia specifications M6/W6/F7 o 3,7 o 3,8 o 8 o 3,8 M8 o 4,5 o 8 Carbon stee shank: HRC ,2 Lg L Ls 2 Lg L L s Zinc coating: 5 20 μm M P10 M10 o 4.5 o L o 10 W10 P10 W10 o 5.2 o 6.8 Lg Ls L o 10 Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 351, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72, DX 76, DX 76 PTR, DX 600 N See X-M6, X-W6, X-M8, M10, W10 fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas ICC (USA): X-W6, W10 UL, FM: W10 Note: Technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. Appications Exampes F Pates for pipe rings Hangings with threaded coupers Eectrica boxes Misceaneous attachments 04 /

158 X-M6, X-W6, X-M8, M10, W10 Load data Recommended oads Shank diameter Fastener designation d s [mm] M rec [Nm] X-M6/W X-M8, M W X-M6/W6, X-M8, M10, W10 N rec = V rec = N rec = V rec = N rec = V rec = 0.4 kn for h ET 27 mm 0.3 kn for h ET 22 mm 0.2 kn for h ET 18 mm Arrangements to prevent moment on shank: Couper tight against concrete Non-symmetric arrangement: Moment on fastened part Prying effect must be considered in determining oads acting on fastener Z Z 3 Z2 F V Z 1 F V F N F N F Conditions Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit (norma weight concrete) A visibe faiures must be repaced. With ightweight concrete base materia and greater oading may be possibe, pease contact Hiti. Predominanty static oading. Observance of a appication imitations and recommendations. N The recommended oads in the tabe refer to the resistance of the individua fastening and may not be the same as the oads F N and F V acting on the fastened part. Note: If reevant, prying forces need to be considered in design, see exampe. Moment acting on fastener shank ony in case of a gap between base and fastened materia. V M / 2015

159 X-M6, X-W6, X-M8, M10, W10 Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete h min = 80 mm (d nom = 3.7 mm) h min = 100 mm (d nom 4.5 mm) Thickness of fastened materia M6: t I L g t washer t nut up to 15 mm W6: t I L g t washer t nut up to 33 mm M8: t I L g t washer t nut up to 15 mm M10: t I L g t washer t nut up to 19 mm W10: t I L g t washer t nut up to 25 mm Spacing and edge distances (mm) Pairs Row aong edge Genera (e.g. group of fasteners 200 c c c c a c c a Reinforced * Non-reinforced Reinforced * Non-reinforced Reinforced * Non-reinforced c c c a * Minimum 6 reinforcing stee continuous aong a edges and around a corners. Edge bars must be encosed by stirrups. Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. F Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener seection Required thread ength L g t + t washer + t nut [mm] 04 /

160 X-M6, X-W6, X-M8, M10, W10 Fastener program Fasteners Too Standard Standard threading 2 ) shank engths 2 ) Group 1 ) Designation Item no. L g [mm] L S [mm] Designation M6 X-M FP DX 460, DX 351, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 W6 X-W FP DX 460, DX 351, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 X-W FP DX 460, DX 351, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 X-W FP DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 M8 X-M P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 X-M P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 X-M P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 M10 M P DX 76, DX 76 PTR W10 W P DX 600 N W P DX 600 N W P DX 600 N 1 ) Type threading: M = metric; W6, W10 = Whitworth 1/4 ; 3/8 2 ) Standard threading and shank engths. Other engths and combinations avaiabe on specia order. Cartridge seection Cartridge recommendation: M6, W6, M8: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge M10: 6.8/18M bue or red W10: 6.8/18 yeow, red or back Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. F Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection X-M6 / W6 X-M8, M10, W10 Penetration depth Tightening torque Penetration depth Tightening torque hnvs Trec het ti hnvs Trec het ti h NVS = L g ± 2 T rec 4 Nm h NVS = L g ± 2 T rec 6 Nm / 2015

161 X-EM / X-EW X-EM6H, X-EW6H, X-EF7H, X-EM8H, X-EM10H, X-EW10H Threaded Studs for Stee Product data Dimensions X-EM6H/EW6H- -9 FP8 X-EF7H-7-9 FP8 Genera information Materia specifications M6/W6 o 3.7 o 3.8 o Lg 9 L X-EM8H- -12 P8 o F7 o X-EM8H FP10 o 8 Carbon stee shank: HRC 56.5 Zinc coating: 1 ) 5 13 μm 1 ) Zinc coating (eectropating for corrosion protection during construction and service in protected environment) o 5.5 M8 o 4.5 o 8 o 5.5 M8 o 4.5 o 10 Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR, DX 600 N 3.5 L g 12 L X-EM10H P X-EW10H P10 See X-EM/ X-EW fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. o M o o 10 W10 o For dimension detais see chapter fastener seection o 10 Approvas ICC-ES ESR-2347 (USA): FM : UL: EX2258: ABS, LR: X-EW6H, X-EW10H, X-EW6H, X-EW10H X-EW6H, X-EW10H a types Appications Exampes F Base pates for pipe rings Hanging with threaded coupers Eectrica boxes Misceaneous attachments 07 /

162 X-EM / X-EW Load data Recommended oads Fastener Shank designation d s x L s [mm] N rec [kn] V rec [kn] M rec [Nm] X-EM6H, X-EW6H, X-EF7H 3.7 x X-EM8H, X-EM10H 4.5 x X-EW10H x Conditions Redundancy (mutipe fastening) must be provided. Goba factor of safety for static pu-out >3 (based on 5% fractie vaue). Predominanty static oading. Strength of fastened materia must be considered. Observance of a appication imitations and recommendations. The recommended oads in the tabe refer to the resistance of the individua fastening and may not be the same as the oads F N and F V acting on the fastened part. V M N Note: If reevant, prying forces need to be considered in design, see exampe. Moment acting on fastener shank ony in case of a gap between base and fastened materia. Z 3 Z 2 Arrangement to prevent moment on shank: Couper tight against stee Z1 F V F N Z F F V F N / 2015

163 X-EM / X-EW Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Minimum stee thickness: X-EM6H/EW6H, X-EF7H X-EM8H/EW8H, X-EM10H/EW10H t 4 mm 6 mm tii Thickness of fastened materia t I L g t washer t nut mm T rec ti Spacing and edge distances Edge distance and spacing: c = s 15 mm c c s s tii Corrosion information The intended use ony comprises fastenings which are not directy exposed to externa weather conditions or moist atmospheres. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. F 07 /

164 X-EM / X-EW Appication imits X-EM6H, X-EW6H, X-EF7H S235Jxx 8 S275Jxx 6 4 S355Jxx Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2] Stee thickness tii, [mm] DX 460 too: À X-EF7H- -9 Á X-EM6H- 9, X-EW6H- -9 X-EM8H Stee thickness, tii [mm] S235Jxx S275Jxx Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2] 1 S355Jxx 2 DX 460 too: À X-EM8H- -12 DX 76 / DX 76 PTR too with X-76-F10-PTR fastener guide: Á X-EM8H F X-EM10H / EW10H Stee thickness tii, [mm] S235Jxx 10 S275Jxx 8 S355Jxx Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] DX 76 / DX 76 PTR too: À X-EM10H DX 600 N too: Á X-EW10H P / 2015

165 X-EM / X-EW Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener program Base materia Fastened Fastener Threading Shank DX toos thickness thickness Designation 1 ) Item no. ength engths t,min [mm] t,max [mm] L g [mm] L s [mm] X-EM6H-8-9 FP DX X-EM6H-11-9 FP DX X-EM6H-20-9 FP DX X-EW6H-11-9 FP DX X-EW6H-20-9 FP DX X-EW6H-28-9 FP DX X-EW6H-38-9 FP DX X-EF7H-7-9 FS DX X-EM8H P DX X-EM8H P DX X-EM8H FP DX 76 PTR, DX X-EM10H P DX 76 PTR, DX X-EW10H P DX 600 N 1 ) Type of threading: M = metric; W6, W10 = Whitworth 1 / 4 ; 3 / 8 ; F7 = French 7 mm Cartridge recommendation Too energy adjustment by instaation tests on site Fastener Too Base materia Base materia thickness (mm) Cartridge seection X-EM6H, X-EW6H DX 460 S /11M green /11M yeow S /11M green /11M yeow S /11M yeow X-EF7H DX 460 S /11M green /11M yeow S /11M green /11M yeow S /11M yeow X-EM8H DX 460 S235, S /11M red /11M back S /11M back F 07 /

166 X-EM / X-EW Fastener Too Base materia Base materia thickness (mm) Cartridge seection X-EM8H DX 76 PTR S /18M bue /18M red S /18M bue /18M red /18M back S /18M red /18M back X-EM10H DX 76 PTR S /18M yeow S /18M yeow /18M bue /18M red S /18M red /18M back X-EW10H DX 600 N S /18 bue /18 red /18 back S /18 bue /18 red Fastening quaity assurance /18 back S /18 red /18 back Fastening inspection X-EM6H, X-EW6H, X-EF7H X-EM8H, X-EM10H, X-EW10H F hnvs T rec ti hnvs Trec ti Nai standoff Tightening torque h NVS T rec Fastener [mm] [Nm] X-EM6H X-EM6H- / X-EW6H X-EM6H- / X-EW6H X-EW6H X-EW6H X-EF7H Nai standoff Tightening torque h NVS T rec Fastener [mm] [Nm] X-EM8H X-EM8H X-EM10H X-EW10H / 2015

167 X-BT X-BT stainess stee threaded studs Product data Dimensions X-BT W SN12-R X-BT M SN12-R M10/ W10 24 [0.945"] [1.232"] o 4.5 [0.177"] o 12 [0.472"] X-BT W SN12-R X-BT M SN12-R 1 5 M6/ W [0.787"] [1.232"] Appications Exampes Ø 4.5 [0.177"] X-BT M SN12-R M [0.551"] 21.3 [0.839"] Ø 12 [0.472"] o 4.5 [0.177"] o 12 [0.472"] Genera information Materia specifications À Shank: CR 500 (CrNiMo aoy) equivaent to A4 / S31803 (1.4462) AISI grade 316 materia N (1.4529) 1 Avaiabe on request Á Threaded seeve: X5CrNiMo H, Â SN12-R washers: S (X2CrNiMo , ) Ã Seaing washers: Eastomer, back * Ä Guide seeve: Pastic * Resistant to UV, sat water, water, ozone, ois, etc. 1 ) For High Corrosion Resistance HCR materia inquire at Hiti Designation according to Unified Numbering System (UNS) Recommended fastening toos DX 351-BT / BTG See X-BT fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas ICC ESR-2347 (USA), ABS, LR, UL, DNV, BV 23498/A1, GL HH, Russian Maritime Register R F Threaded stud appications especiay for: High strength stee Coated stee structures Through penetration of base stee is not aowed mm 8 mm Grating with X-FCM-R 07 /

168 X-BT Base pates Instaation rais Junction box, etc. Load data Recommended oads stee Stee grade: S235, S355, Grade 50 Europe, USA A36 and stronger stee Tension, N rec [kn/b] 1.8 / / 517 Shear, V rec [kn/b] 2.6 / / 764 Moment, M rec [Nm/bft] 8.2 / / 6 Torque, T rec [Nm/bft] 8 / / 5.9 Recommended oads cast iron * Tension, N rec [kn/b] 0.5 / 115 Shear, V rec [kn/b] 0.75 / 170 Moment, M rec [Nm/bft] 8.2 / 6 N V M Exampe: Z1 F V Z 3 Z 2 F N F Conditions for recommended oads: Goba factor of safety for static pu-out > 3 (based on 5% fractie vaue) Minimum edge distance = 6 mm [ 1 / 4 ]. Effect of base meta vibration and stress considered. Redundancy (mutipe fastening) must be provided. The recommended oads in the tabe refer to the resistance of the individua fastening and may not be the same as the oads F N and F V acting on the fastened part. Note: If reevant, prying forces need to be considered in design, see exampe. Moment acting on fastener shank ony in case of a gap between base and fastened materia. *Requirements of spheroida graphite cast iron base materia Subject Requirements Cast iron Spheroida graphite cast iron according to EN 1563 Strength cass EN-GJS-400 to EN-GJS-600 acording to EN 1563 Chemica anaysis and mass percentage amount of carbon Mictrostructure Form IV to VI (spherica) according to EN ISO 945-1:2010 Minimum size 7 according to Figure 4 of EN ISO 945-1:2010 Materia thickness t 20 mm / 2015

169 X-BT Design resistance stee Stee grade: Europe S235 S355 Tension N Rd [kn] Shear V Rd [kn] Moment M Rd [Nm] Design resistance cast iron * Tension N RD [kn] 0.8 Shear V RD [kn] 1.2 Moment M RD [Nm] 13.1 Recommended interaction formua for combined oading - stee and cast iron base materia Combined oading situation Interaction formua V N (shear and tension) V M (shear and bending) V V rec + V V rec + N N rec 1.2 with M M rec 1.2 with V V rec 1.0 and V V rec 1.0 and N N rec 1.0 M M rec 1.0 N M (tension and bending) V N M (shear, tension and bending) N M N rec M rec V V rec + N N rec + M M rec 1.0 F Cycic oading: Anchorage of X-BT-R threaded stud in stee base materia is not affected by cycic oading. Fatigue strength is governed by fracture of the shank. Inquire at Hiti for test data if high cyce oading has to be considered in the design. 07 /

170 X-BT Appication requirements Thickness of base materia > 8mm [5/16"] Base materia corrosion protection ayer Thickness of base materia corrosion protection ayer 0.4mm. For thicker coatings, pease contact Hiti. Thickness of fastened materia X-BT M8: 2.0 t I 7.0 mm X-BT M10 / X-BT W10: 2.0 t I 15.0 mm X-BT M6 / X-BT W6: 1.0 t I 14.0 mm tnut Lg twasher ti Note: For X-BT with SN 12R seaing washer t 2.0 mm For X-BT M6 / W6 with SN 12R seaing washer t 1.0 mm Spacing and edge distances Edge distance: 6 mm > 6 [0.236"] > 6 [0.236"] > 15 > 6 > 15 [0.591"] [0.236"] [0.591"] Spacing: 15 mm > 6 > 15 [0.236"] [0.591"] > 15 [0.591"] F > 8mm [5/16"] Corrosion information > 8mm [5/16"] The corrosion resistance of Hiti CR500 and S31803 stainess stee materia is equivaent to AISI 316 (A4) stee grade. Studs made of N (HCR) materia with higher corrosion resistance, e.g. for use in road tunnes or swimming poos, are avaiabe on specia order / 2015

171 X-BT Appication imit > 8mm [5/16"] t II 8 mm [ 5 / 16 ] No through penetration No imits with regards to stee strength Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener program Too Designation Item no. Designation X-BT M SN12-R DX 351-BTG X-BT M SN12-R DX 351-BT X-BT W SN12-R DX 351-BT X-BT W10 without washer DX 351-BT X-BT M SN12-R DX 351-BT X-BT W SN12-R DX 351-BT Note: For High Corrosion Resistance HCR materia inquire at Hiti Cartridge seection and too energy setting 6.8/11 M high precision brown cartridge Fine adjustment by instaation tests on site F 07 /

172 X-BT Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection hnvs X-BT M8 h NVS = mm X-BT M10 / X-BT W10 and X-BT M6 / X-BT W6 h NVS = mm Instaation X-BT with washer Fastened materia hoe 13 mm X-BT M6 / X-BT W6 Fastened materia with pre-dried hoe diameter < 7 mm Fastened materia with pre-dried hoe diameter 7 mm F / 2015

173 A X-BT Pre-dri with TX-BT 4/7 step shank dri bit Tighten using a screwdriver with torque cutch Pre-dri unti the shouder grinds a shiny ring (to ensure proper driing depth) Tightening torque: T rec 8 Nm (5.9 ft-b)! Trec Before fastener instaation: the dried hoe must be cear of iquids and debris. The area around the dried hoe must be free from iquids and debris. Hiti Torque screwdriver: setting: SF 121-A 11 SF 150-A 9 SF 180-A 8 SF 144-A 9 SF 22A 9 F These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product. 07 /

174 F 194

175 X-CRM X-CR M Stainess Stee Threaded Studs for Concrete and Stee Product data Dimensions X-CR M P8 (DX-Kwik) Threaded seeve: A4 (ASi 316) M8 o 6.3 o 4.5 o 8 Lg 42 L X-CR M FP10 X-CR M P8 Threaded seeve: A4 (ASi 316 Threaded seeve: A4 (ASi M8 o 4 M8 o 4 Genera information Materia specifications Shank: CrNiMo aoy f u 1800 N/mm 2 (49 HRC) Threaded seeve: A4 (ASI 316) Zinc coating to faciitate anchoring in concrete (X-CR M8- -42): 5 13 μm Washers/ guidance seeve: poyethyene o 10 o 8 Recommended fastening toos L g L g DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX 76, DX 76 PTR See X-CR M fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas DIBt (Germany): ICC ESR-2347: ABS, LR: X-CR M P8 (DX-Kwik) X-CR M8-9-12, X-CR M a types F Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. 10 /

176 X-CRM Appications Exampes Base pates for pipe rings Instaation rais Facade brackets Specia purpose connections Load data Recommended oads Fastening to stee N rec [kn] V rec [kn] M rec [Nm] X-CR M Conditions: For safety-reevant fastenings sufficient redundancy of the entire system is required. F Fastening to concrete DX-Kwik method (pre-driing) N rec,1 [kn] N rec,2 [kn] V rec [kn] M rec [Nm] X-CR M P Conditions: N rec,1 : concrete in compressive zone N rec,2 : concrete in tension zone f cc 20 N/mm 2 A sufficient redundancy has to be ensured, that the faiure of a singe fastening wi not ead to coapse of the entire system. Observance of a pre-driing requirements Arrangements to reduce or prevent moment on shank: Z F V F N / 2014

177 X-CRM Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete DX-Kwik h min = 100 mm Thickness of fastened materia X-CR M8 Stee t 6 mm t L g - t washer - t nut up to 13.0 mm tii Spacing and edge distances (mm) Fastening to stee c c s s c, s 15 mm tii Fastening to concrete Pairs Row aong edge Genera (e.g. group of fasteners 200 c c c c a c c a Reinforced * Non-reinforced Reinforced * Non-reinforced Reinforced * Non-reinforced c c c a * Minimum 6 reinforcing stee continuous aong a edges and around a corners. Edge bars must be encosed by stirrups F Corrosion information For fastenings exposed to weather or other corrosive conditions. Not for use in highy corrosive surroundings ike swimming poos or highway tunnes. 10 /

178 X-CRM Appication imits Concrete: No genera restrictions existent. Limitations are dependent on appication and user requirements. Stee: DX 76, DX 76 PTR Stee:DX Stee thickness, tii [mm] Stee thickness, tii [mm] Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] À X-CRM FP10 / DX 76 (impact) Á X-CRM FP10 / DX 76 (co-acting) Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] À X-CRM P8 / DX 460 (impact) Á X-CRM P8 / DX 460 (co-acting) Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener program F Fastened thickness Fastener Toos t I,max [mm] Designation 1 ) Item no. L g [mm] L s [mm] Base materia concrete, DX-Kwik method 5.0 X-CR M P DX 460, DX 36, DX X-CR M P DX 460, DX 36, DX 2 Base materia stee 6.0 X-CR M P DX X-CR M P DX X-CR M FP DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR 6.0 X-CR M FP DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR 1 ) Type threading: M = metric; W6 = Whitworth 1/4 Cartridge seection and too energy setting Base materia Designation Too Concrete 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge DX 460, DX 36, DX 2 Stee 6.8/11M red cartridge DX 460 Stee 6.8/18M cartridge DX 76, DX 76 PTR Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site / 2014

179 X-CRM Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection Fastening to concrete Fastening to stee hnvs DX-Kwik (pre-driing) Fastener h NVS [mm] X-CR M P X-CR M P Fastener h NVS [mm] X-CR M P X-CR M P X-CR M FP X-CR M FP Instaation Fastening to concrete DX-Kwik (pre-driing) X-CR M P8 Trec Fastening to stee Trec 23 ti o 5 ti Pre-dri with dri bit TE-C-5/23B (Item-no ) or TE-C-5/23 (Item no ) Tightening torque T rec = 10 Nm Tightening torque X-CR M8 T rec = 8.5 Nm F These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product. 10 /

180 F 200

181 X-FCM X-FCM Grating Fastening System Product data Dimensions X-FCM 8.6 [0.339"] o 50 [1.969"] o 18 1 [0.709"] o 10.3 [0.406"] 5 [0.197"] 1. 5 [0.049"] 3 16 [0.630"] 19.5 [0.768"] L L + 4 [0.157"] X-FCM-M_L Genera information Materia specifications See fastener seection for more detais. Recommended fastening toos See X-FCM fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. HILTI X-CRM FP M8 o 4 X-CRM P8 M8 o 4 Approvas DNV GL, BV: X-FCM-M, X-FCM-R ABS, LR: a types No approvas for X-FCM-M_L o 10 o 8 L g X-EM8H FP10 L g X-EM8H P8 X-BT M SN12-R S-BT-GF M8/7 AN 6 S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 5 S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 AL M8 o 4.5 M8 o M8 o 4.5 [0.177"] 1or2 3or4 Ø 5.8 [0.23"] Ø 10/12 [0.39/0.47"] o o8 14 [0.551"] [0.839"] o 12 [0.472"] M8 SW 5.3 [0.21"] [0.67"] 23.2 [0.91"] F Appications Exampe Grating (stee and fibregass reinforced) 07 /

182 HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI X-FCM Load data Recommended tensie oads N rec [kn] Grating opening type Rectanguar Square Grating opening type Rectanguar Square Bar spacing [mm] Bar spacing [mm] X-FCM 0.8 2) 0.8 2) 1.8 1)3) 0.8 2) Bar spacing [mm] Bar spacing [mm] X-FCM-M_L 0.8 2) 0.8 2) 1.8 1)3) 0.8 2) X-FCM-M 0.8 2) 0.8 2) 1.8 1)3) 0.8 2) X-FCM-R 1.4 2)3) 1.0 2) 1.8 1)3) 1.0 2) 1) Loading is imited by recommended oad for threaded stud. 2) Loading is imited by eastic imit of the X-FCM disk. Exceeding recommended oads can resut in pastic deformation of disk. 3) N rec = 1.0 kn For S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 5 in stee S235 (A36) base materia and S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 AL in auminum base materia (piot hoe) For S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 in stee base materia 3 mm t < 5 mm (dri through hoe) For S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 AL in auminum base materia 5 mm t < 6 mm (dri through hoe) Notes: X-FCM, X-FCM-M, X-FCM-R, X-FCM-M_L resist shear by friction and are not suitabe for expicit shear oad designs, e.g. diaphragms. Depending on surface characteristics, shear oads of up to about 0.3 kn wi not resut in permanent deformation. Therefore sma unexpected shear oads can generay be accommodated without damage. F Characteristic tensie oads N Rk: X-FCM-R with X-BT X-CRM Grating S235 / S355 / Type bar spacing A36 stee Grade 50 stee Rectange 18 mm 4.2 kn / 945 b* 4.2 kn / 945 b* 4.2 kn / 945 b* Rectange 30 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b* Square 18 mm 5.4 kn / 1215 b 6.9 kn / 1550 b 5.4 kn / 1215 b Square 30 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b* * Loading is imited by eastic imit of the X-FCM disc. X-FCM-R with S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 5, piot hoe, 5 mm t < 6 mm Grating S235 / S355 / Type bar spacing A36 stee Grade 50 stee Rectange 18 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b 3.9 kn / 875 b Rectange 30 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b 3.0 kn / 675 b* Square 18 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b 3.9 kn / 875 b Square 30 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b 3.0 kn / 675 b* * Loading is imited by eastic imit of the X-FCM-R disc / 2016

183 HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI HILTI X-FCM Characteristic tensie oads N Rk : X-FCM-R with S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6, piot hoe, t 6 mm Grating S235 / S355 / Auminum Type bar spacing A36 stee Grade 50 stee R m 270 N/mm 2 Rectange 18 mm 4.2 kn / 945 b* 4.2 kn / 945 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b Rectange 30 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b Square 18 mm 5.4 kn / 1215 b 6.9 kn / 1550 b 3.0 kn / 675 b Square 30 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b* 3.0 kn / 675 b * Loading is imited by eastic imit of the X-FCM-R disc. X-FCM-M with S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 5, piot hoe, 5 mm t < 6 mm Grating S235 / S355 / Type bar spacing A36 stee Grade 50 stee Rectange 18 mm 2.4 kn / 540 b* Rectange 30 mm 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* Square 18 mm 3.0 kn / 675 b 3.9 kn / 875 b Square 30 mm 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* * Loading is imited by eastic imit of the X-FCM-M disc. X-FCM-M with S-BT-GF M8/7 AN 6, S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6, piot hoe, t 6 mm Grating S235 / S355 / Auminum Type bar spacing A36 stee Grade 50 stee R m 270 N/mm 2 Rectange 18 mm 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* Rectange 30 mm 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* Square 18 mm 5.4 kn / 1215 b 6.9 kn / 1550 b 3.0 kn / 675 b Square 30 mm 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* 2.4 kn / 540 b* * Loading is imited by eastic imit of the X-FCM-M disc. Load dispacement behaviour exampes: Tensie oad Shear oad N [kn] X-FCM-R rectanguar 30 mm X-FCM-R 45/50 square 30 mm V [kn] F Dispacement [mm] Dispacement [mm] 07 /

184 X-FCM Appication requirements Thickness of base materia X-BT S-BT-GF M8/7 AN 6 S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 AL*) S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 5 X-CRM and X-EM8H t tii t t t II 8 mm t II 6 mm piot hoe *) for use in auminum base materia stee: 3 mm t II < 6 mm, auminum: 5 mm t II < 6 mm dri through hoe 5 mm t II < 6 mm piot hoe t II 6 mm Thickness of fastened materia Grating height: mm with standard X-FCM. For other dimensions specia X-FCM are avaiabe on demand. Spacing and edge distances X-CRM, X-EM8H Edge distances: c 15 mm X-BT, S-BT Edge distance: c 6 mm Spacing: s 15 mm Spacing: s 15 mm c c s s F Corrosion information The carbon stee X-EM8H fasteners are gavanized zinc coated. The maximum thickness of the coating is 5-13 µm. The use of this coating is imited to the corrosion category C1 and C2 according the standard EN ISO The S-BT, X-BT and X-CRM stainess fasteners are made from the dupex stainess stee type , which is equivaent to AISI 316 (A4) stee grade. This grade of stainess stee is cassified in the corrosion resistance cass IV according to DIN EN :2015, which makes the materia suitabe for aggressive environments ike in coasta and offshore appications. The coating of the carbon stee S-BT fasteners consists of an eectropated Zn-aoy for cathodic protection and a top coat for chemica resistance (Dupex-coating). The maximum thickness of the coating is 35 µm. The use of this coating is imited to the corrosion category C1, C2 and C3 according the standard EN ISO For higher corrosion categories stainess stee fasteners shoud be used. In case of a dri through hoe, rework of the coating on the back side of the pate / profie may be needed / 2016

185 X-FCM Appication imits DX 76, DX 76 PTR DX Stee thickness, tii [mm] Stee thickness, tii [mm] Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] À X-CRM FP10 / DX 76, DX 76 PTR (impact) Á X-CRM FP10 / DX 76, DX 76 PTR (co-acting) Â X-EM8H FP10 / DX 76, DX 76 PTR (impact) Ã X-EM8H P8 / DX 76, DX 76 PTR (impact) Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] À X-CRM P8 / DX 460 (impact) Á X-CRM P8 / DX 460 (co-acting) Â X-EM8H P8 / DX 460 (impact) X-BT: No appication imits using in high strength stee No through penetration t II 8 mm [ 5 / 16 ] S-BT: The base materia is imited to stee grade with a maximum tensie strength f u = 630 MPa (91 ksi). The minimum tensie strength of stee is f u 340 MPa (49 ksi). The minimum tensie strength of auminum is f u 270 MPa (39 ksi). Minimum thickness of base materia t II : refer to section Thickness of base materia Maximum thickness of base materia t II : no imits F S235 Auminum S275 S355 A36 A572 Grade 50 A572 Grade 60 A572 Grade 65 Base materia tensie strength f u 07 /

186 X-FCM Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener program F Appication areas Indoors, dry and non Indoors, midy corrosive Marine, offshore, corrosive environment environment, or for imited petrochemica, caoric ifetime use (coa, oi) power pants, etc. X-FCM system Dimensions Toos Grating X-FCM X-FCM-M X-FCM-R L height Zinc pated Item no. Dupex coated Item no. Stainess stee Item no. [mm] [mm] X-FCM 25/ X-FCM-M 25/ X-FCM-R 25/ or or or ) X-FCM / X-FCM-M / X-FCM-R / or or or ) X-FCM 35/ X-FCM-M 35/ X-FCM-R 35/ or or or ) X-FCM 45/ X-FCM-M 45/ X-FCM-R 45/ or or or ) X-FCM-M 31/36 L * ) *For use ony with X-BT M SN12-R Note: Not for use in marine atmosphere or in heaviy pouted environment. Note: Not for use in automobie tunnes, swimming poos or simiar environments 1 ) SF 100-A, SF 11-A, SF 150-A, SF 121-A, SF 14, SF 14-A, SF 18-A, SFC 18-A, SF 22-A, SFC 22-A Threaded studs Item no. X-EM8H P ) X-EM8H FP ) 2 ) DX 76 PTR, DX ) DX 351-BTG 4 ) SF BT 18-A, SF BT 22-A for driing the hoe 5 ) SFC 18-A, SFC 22-A for screw-in the fastener X-BT M SN12-R ) X-CR M P ) X-CR M FP ) Toos S-BT-GF M8/7 AN ), 5 ) S-BT-GR M8/7 SN ), 5 ) S-BT-GR M8/7 SN ), 5 ) S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 AL ), 5 ) / 2016

187 X-FCM Cartridge seection and too energy setting X-BT: 6.8/11M high precision brown cartridges X-CRM: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridges with DX /18M bue cartridges with DX 76 and DX 76 PTR X-EM8H: 6.8/11M red or back cartridges with DX /18M bue, red or back cartridges with DX 76 and DX 76 PTR Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Materia specifications and coatings X-FCM system X-FCM-R X-FCM-M+X-FCM-M_L X-FCM A systems À Á À Á À Á  Disk Threaded stem Disk Threaded stem Disk Threaded stem Absorber 1 ) Materia X2CrNiMo17122 X2CrNiMo17122 DC 04 11SMNPB30+C DC 04 11SMNPB30+C Poyurethane designation Back Coating none none Dupex * Dupex * 20μm Zn μm Zn 1 ) resistant to: UV, satwater ozone, oi, grease *) comparabe to 45 µm HDG stee (480 h Sat spray test per DIN 50021) Threaded studs X-BT X-CRM8 X-EM8H Threaded seeve Á Seaing Shank À SN12-R washer  washer 1 ) à Shank Threaded seeve Materia Stainess stee X2CrNiMo17132 Eastomer, Stainess stee X2CrNiMo17132 Carbon stee designation CR 500 X5CrNiMo H back CR 500 X5CrNiMo H (A4 / AS316) (A4 / AS316) (A4 / AS316) (A4 / AS316) Ck 67 MOD Coating none none none none 5 13 μm Zn 2 ) 1 ) resistant to: UV, satwater ozone, oi, grease 2 ) Zinc appied by eectropating. Intended for corrosion protection during shipment, storage, construction and service in protected environment. It is not adequate for protection against corrosion in outside or otherwise corrosive appications F Threaded studs S-BT-_R S-BT-_F Threaded SN 12-R Seaing Threaded AN 10-F Seaing Shank À washer  washer  Shank Á washer à washer à Materia Stainess stee Stainess stee Eastomer, Carbon stee Auminum Eastomer, designation back 1038 back (A4 / AS316) (A4 / AS316) Coating none none none Dupex-coating none HDG 07 /

188 Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection X-BT M SN12-R X-CRM X-EM8 H hnvs hnvs h NVS = mm h NVS = mm h NVS = mm S-BT- /7 6 h NVS = 18.6 mm mm [ ] hnvs S-BT- /15 6 h NVS = 29.3 mm mm [ ] S-BT- /7 5 h NVS = 19.6 mm mm [ ] S-BT- /15 5 h NVS = 30.3 mm mm [ ] Tighten the disk F Tightening torque T rec = max. 8 Nm T rec = max. 5 Nm 1) 1) For S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 5 and S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 AL For S-BT-GR M8/7 SN 6 and S-BT-GF M8/7 AN 6 in stee base materia 3 mm t II < 5 mm (dri through hoe) Tightening too: Screwdriver with torque reease couping (TRC) 5 mm Aen-type bit Hiti screwdriver T rec 5 Nm 8 Nm Torque setting SF 121-A SF 150-A SF SF 14-A SF 18-A SFC 18-A SF 22-A SFC 22-A / 2016

189 X-GR X-GR Grating Fastening System Product data Dimensions X-GR L 40 [1.575"] 18 [0.709"] 28 [1.102"] 5 [0.197"] X-R Zn P8 Ø8 [0.315"] Ø4 [0.157"] 20 [0.787"] 22.2 [0.874"] Ø8 [0.315"] Genera information Materia specifications Screw: Carbon stee Zinc coating: Dupex* coated Nai: Stainess stee: CrMnMo Aoy and zinc coated Upper part: Carbon stee: DD11 Zinc coating: Dupex* coated Bottom part: Carbon stee: S315MC Zinc coating: Dupex* coated *) 480 h sat spray test per DIN and 10 cyces Kesternich test per DIN 50018/2.0 (comparabe to 45 μm HDG stee) Recommended fastening toos DX 460 GR with X-460-F8GR fastener guide See X-GR fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Appication For fastenings exposed to weather and midy corrosive conditions. Not for use in marine atmospheres (upstream)! F Fastening of grating 07 /

190 X-GR Load data Recommended tensie oads N rec [kn] N rec = 0.8 kn (180 b) Notes/Conditions: Tensie oading is imited by pastic deformation of the sadde cip X-GR resists shear by friction and is not suitabe for expicit shear oad designs Appication requirements Thickness of base materia t II 4 mm (0.157 ) Thickness of fastened materia Grating height: H G = mm ( ) Grating opening types Bearing bar spacing (a) Cross bar spacing (b) b Edge distances c 15 mm (0.59 ) c tii a a b a from 25 to 32 mm (1 to 1 1 / 4 ) b 30 mm (1.18 ) F Corrosion information For fastenings exposed to weather and midy corrosive conditions. Not for use in marine atmospheres (upstream) or in heaviy pouted environments / 2015

191 X-GR Appication imits X-GR with DX 460 Stee thickness, tii [mm] > S235 Jxx 6 S275 Jxx 5 S355 Jxx Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2] Stee thickness, tii [mm] > Fu stee S 235 S 275 S 355 S235: No appication imit S275: Fu coverage of grade up to 14mm base materia thickness S355: Fu coverage of grade up to 12mm base materia thickness Fastener seection Fastener Item no. L Grating height mm (inch) mm (inch) X-GR 25/ (1.26 ) ( ) X-GR 1 1 / (1.34 ) ( ) X-GR 35/ (1.65 ) ( ) F 07 /

192 X-GR Cartridge seection and too energy setting > Back 3-4 Back 4 Stee thickness, tii [mm] Back 4 9 Back 1-3 Back Red 1 Red 1-2 Fastening quaity assurance F Tighten the screw T = 3-5 Nm T rec = 3 5 Nm ( ft-b) Tightening too: Screwdriver with torque reease couping (TRC) 6 mm Aen-type bit Fastening inspection hnvs Back 2-4 S 235 S 275 Red 1-3 S 355 DX 460 with 6.8/11M cartridges Hiti screwdriver Torque setting SF 121-A 4 7 SF 150-A 3 5 SF SFC 14-A 4 7 SF 18-A 3 5 SFC 18-A 3 5 h NVS = mm ( ) The sadde of the fastener shoud not been bent, see instaation instruction above / 2015

193 X-PGR-RU X-PGR-RU Grating Fastening System (Pre-dried) Product data Dimensions X-PGR-RU L 40 [1.575"] 18 [0.709"] 28 [1.102"] 5 [0.197"] X-CR R P8 ø 8 [0.315"] ø 4.5 [0.177"] 20 [0.787"] 22.2 [0.874"] ø 8 [0.315"] Genera information Materia specifications Screw: Carbon stee Zinc coating: Dupex* coated Nai: Stainess stee: CrNiMo Aoy Upper part: Carbon stee: DD11 Zinc coating: Dupex* coated Bottom part: Carbon stee: S315MC Zinc coating: Dupex* coated *) 480 h sat spray test per DIN and 10 cyces Kesternich test per DIN 50018/2.0 (comparabe to 45 μm HDG stee) Recommended fastening toos DX 460 GR with X-460-F8GR fastener guide See X-PGR-RU fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Appication For fastenings exposed to weather and midy corrosive conditions. Not for use in marine atmospheres (upstream)! F Fastening of grating 11 /

194 X-PGR-RU Load data Recommended tensie oads N rec [kn] N rec = 0.8 kn (180 b) Notes/Conditions: Tensie oading is imited by pastic deformation of the sadde cip X-PGR-RU resists shear by friction and is not suitabe for expicit shear oad designs Appication requirements Thickness of base materia t II 6 mm (0.24 ) Thickness of fastened materia Grating height: H G = mm ( ) Grating opening types Bearing bar spacing (a) Cross bar spacing (b) b Edge distances c 15 mm (0.59 ) c tii a a b F a from 25 to 32 mm (1 to 1 1 / 4 ) b 30 mm (1.18 ) Corrosion information For fastenings exposed to weather and midy corrosive conditions. Not for use in marine atmospheres (upstream) or in heaviy pouted environments / 2014

195 X-PGR-RU Appication imits Appication imits X-PGR-RU with DX 460 (pre-dried) > 6 mm [0.24"] t II 6 mm [0.24 ] 350 N/mm 2 Stee strength, R m 630 N/mm 2 Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener program Fastener Item no. L Grating height mm (inch) mm (inch) X-PGR-RU 25/ (1.26 ) ( ) X-PGR-RU 1 1 / (1.34 ) ( ) X-PGR-RU 35/ (1.65 ) ( ) Cartridge seection and too energy setting DX 460 with 6.8/11M red cartridges, power setting 1 2 F 11 /

196 X-PGR-RU Fastening quaity assurance Instaation Pre-dri Tighten the screw T = 3-5 Nm Pre-dri with TX-PGR-RU-4/10-93 step shank dri bit (Item no ), unti shouder grinds a shiny ring (to ensure proper driing depth). T rec = 3 5 Nm ( ft-b) Tightening too: Screwdriver with torque reease couping (TRC) 6 mm Aen-type bit Hiti screwdriver Torque setting SF 121-A 4 7 SF 150-A 3 5 SF SFC 14-A 4 7 SF 18-A 3 5 SFC 18-A 3 5 F Fastening inspection hnvs h NVS = 8 10 mm ( ) The sadde of the fastener shoud not been bent, see instaation instruction above. These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product / 2014

197 X-MGR X-MGR Grating Fastening System Product data Dimensions 30 [1.181"] 83.5 [3.358"] 15 [0.591"] 40 [1.575"] b 1 b 2 L Genera information Materia specifications Screw: Carbon stee Zinc coating: Upper part: Carbon stee: Zinc coating: Bottom part: Carbon stee: Zinc coating: Nut: Carbon stee Zinc coating: Nut-hoder: Stainess stee: 60 μm HDG SPCC-S 65 μm HDG SPCC-S 65 μm HDG 45 μm HDG SS304 Recommended fastening toos SF 121-A, SF150-A, SF 14, SFC 14-A, SF 18-A, SFC 18-A, SF 22-A See X-MGR fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Appication For fastenings exposed to weather and midy corrosive conditions. Not for use in marine atmospheres (upstream)! F Fixing of grating 12 /

198 X-MGR Load data Recommended tensie oads N rec [kn] N rec = 0.6 kn (135 b) Notes/Conditions: Tensie oading is imited by pastic deformation of the sadde cip X-MGR resists shear by friction and is not suitabe for expicit shear oad designs Appication requirements Thickness of base materia t II = 3 25 mm ( ) tii Thickness of fastened materia Grating height: H G = mm ( ) HG F Tota fastening height H G + t 65 mm (2.56 ) Grating opening types a b c Fastener mm (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch) X-MGR M60 30 (1.18 ) 30 (1.18 ) 3 (0.118 ) X-MGR W60 25 (0.98 ) 30 (1.18 ) 4.8 ( 3 / 16 ) a b c Spacing and edge distances No genera restriction exists / 2013

199 X-MGR Corrosion information For fastenings exposed to weather and midy corrosive conditions. Not for use in marine atmosphere (Upstream) or in heaviy pouted environment. Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener program Fastener Item-no. b 1 b 2 L Stee fange Grating Fastening thickness height too mm (inch) mm (inch) mm (inch) t mm (inch) mm (inch) X-MRG-M SF 121-A, (0.16 ) (0.79 ) (1.14 ) ( ) ( ) SF 150-A X-MRG-W SF 121-A, (0.24 ) (0.94 ) (0.98 ) ( ) ( ) SF 150-A Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection The sign on the cip has to be positioned under the stee fange The sadde of the fastener shoud not been bent, see instaation instructions beow. F Tighten the screw T = 5-8 Nm T rec = 5 8 Nm ( ft-b) Hiti screwdriver Torque setting SF 121-A 6 10 SF 150-A 5 8 SF SFC 14-A 6 10 SF 18-A 5 8 SFC 18-A 5 8 SF 22-A /

200 F 220

201 X-FCP X-FCP Checker Pate Fastening System Product data Dimensions X-FCP-R 5/10 1 X-FCP-F 5/10 1 Genera Information Materia specifications See fastener seection for more detais. 1 HILTI o ,25 HILTI o Recommended fastening toos See X-FCP fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas LR: X-FCP ABS, LR: X-FCP-R ABS: X-FCP-F X-FCP Seaing ring X-CRM FP10 M8 X-CRM P8 M Lg X-CRM FP10 X-CRM P8 M8 o 4 o 8 Appication L g F Chequer pate 10 /

202 X-FCP Load data Recommended oads: N rec = 1.8 [kn] Conditions: Limited by the strength of the X-CRM8 threaded stud. Recommended oads are vaid for fastenings of stee and auminium with 20 mm pre-driing. X-FCP-F and X-FCP-R are not intended for shear oading. Appication requirements Thickness of base materia X-CRM8 Thickness of fastened materia Thickness of chequer pates: t I mm tii Minimum stee thickness t II 6 mm Spacing and edge distances X-CR M8 Edge distances: c 15 mm Spacing: s 15 mm c c s s F / 2014

203 X-FCP Appication imits DX 76, DX 76 PTR Stee thickness, tii [mm] S235Jxx S275Jxx S355Jxx Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] À X-CRM FP10 / DX 76 (impact) Á X-CRM FP10 / DX 76 (co-acting) t II 6 mm DX 460 Stee thickness, tii [mm] S235Jxx S275Jxx S355Jxx Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] À X-CRM P8 / DX 460 (impact) Á X-CRM P8 / DX 460 (co-acting) t II 6 mm Note: For co-acting operation push the fastener a the way back against the piston with a ramrod. F 10 /

204 X-FCP Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastener program Appication areas Marine, offshore, Indoors, midy corrosive petrochemica, caoric environment, or for imited (coa, oi) power pants, etc. ifetime use X-FCP system X-FCP-R Item no X-FCP-F Item no Seaing ring Toos Note: Note: SF 120-A, SF 150-A Not for use in automobie Not for use in marine Drip-through of water/ tunnes, swimming poos or atmosphere or in heaviy oi needs to be prevented simiar environments pouted environment. Threaded studs Designation Chequer pate thickness Toos X-CRM mm DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR X-CRM mm DX 460, DX 76, DX 76 PTR Cartridge seection and too energy setting Designation Toos 6.8/11M red cartridges DX /18M yeow cartridges DX 76, DX 76 PTR Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Materia and coatings F X-FCP system X-FCP-R X-FCP-F A Systems À Á À Á Â Disk Screw Disk Screw Seaing ring Materia designation X5CrNiMo17122 X2CrNiMo17132 ST2K40 BK 9SMnPb28 K Neoprene, back Coating none none Dupex * Dupex * *) 480 h Sat spray test per DIN and 10 cyces Kesternich test per DIN 50018/2.0 (comparabe to 45 µm HDG stee) Threaded studs CRM8 X-CR shank CRM8 threaded seeve Materia designation Stainess stee X2CrNiMo17132 wire, CR 500 X5CrNiMo H (A4 / AS316) (A4 / AS316) Coating none none / 2014

205 X-FCP Fastening quaity assurance Fastening inspection X-CRM X-CRM h NVS = 13 ±2 mm h NVS = 18 ±2 mm Pates must be pre-dried or pre-punched Tighten the disk o mm Tightening torque T rec = 5 8 Nm 25 mm 25 mm SB 12 T = 5-8 Nm Tightening too: Screwdriver with torque reease couping (TRC) S-NSX 2.8 x 15 bit Hiti Torque Screwdriver setting SF 120-A TRC SF 150-A TRC 8 9 F 10 /

206 F 226

207 X-IE X-IE Wa Insuation Fastener Product data Dimensions X-IE 6 X-IE 9 HDT 90 2 Genera information Materia specifications Pate: Nai: Carbon stee shank: HRC 58 Zinc coating: 5 20 μm X-IE 6 HDPE, coouress X-IE 9 HDPE, back (BK) Recommended fastening toos DX 460 IE and DX 460 IE XL See X-IE fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas SOCOTEC WX 1530 (France) Comment: European Technica Approvas for the fasteners XI-FV (ETA-03/0004, DOP no. Hiti-DX-DOP-002) and SX-FV (ETA-03/0005) for use in ETICS are avaiabe. For more information pease contact Hiti. Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. Appications G Composite therma insuation Insuation behind curtain was Moisture barriers / drainage pates 12 /

208 X-IE G Fastener program Fastener seection t I Seect Fastener Length L = t In genera: The fastener ength L must be equa to the thickness t of minera woo and EPS insuation materia, as shown in the drawing above. Exceptions: For minera woo of intermediate thicknesses use next shorter X-IE. Not for use with PUR, PIR, XPS, Muti ayer boards or simiar hard materia not isted on this page. Note: For soft minera woo use X-IE 9. Or X-IE 6 with HDT 90 / HDT 90 BK. Designation Fastener Item no. Insuation thickness X-PH Ls t [mm] X-IE 6-25 X-PH X-IE 6-30 X-PH X-IE 6-35 X-PH X-IE 6-40 X-PH X-IE 6-50 X-PH X-IE 6-60 X-PH X-IE 6-70 X-PH X-IE 6-75 X-PH X-IE 6-80 X-PH X-IE 6-90 X-PH X-IE X-PH X-IE X-PH X-IE X-PH X-IE X-PH X-IE X-PH X-IE X-PH X-IE X-PH X-IE 9-60 BK X-PH X-IE 9-80 BK X-PH X-IE 9-90 BK X-PH X-IE BK X-PH X-IE BK X-PH X-IE BK X-PH X-IE BK X-PH X-IE BK X-PH X-IE BK X-PH / 2013

209 X-IE System recommendation Too DX 460 IE and DX 460 IE XL Cartridge seection and too energy setting Cartridge recommendation: Stee: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Appication imits Concrete Masonry: Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete: Stee: h min = 80 mm t 4 mm Thickness of fastened materia Insuation thickness: Spacing and edge distances t = mm 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge 6.8/11M yeow or green cartridge For setting instructions pease inquire at the insuation materia suppier. If recommendations from suppiers are not avaiabe, pease use minimum 3 pcs of X-IE fasteners per insuation materia and 5 pcs of X-IE fasteners per m 2 Concrete: f cc = N/mm 2 (aggregate size 32 mm) Sand-ime masonry: f cc = N/mm 2 Cinker brick work: f cc = N/mm 2 Stee: f u = N/mm 2 (t = 4 6 mm) Load data Recommended oads N V Insuation thickness t I [mm] X-IE 6 Shear, V rec [N] Poystyro - EPS [30 kg/m 3 ] X-IE 6 Puover, N rec [N] Poystyro - EPS [30 kg/m 3 ] X-IE 9, HDT 90 Puover, N rec [N] Minera woo [ 7.5 kn/m 2 ]* Minera woo [ 15 kn/m 2 ]* *) Tensie Strength σ mt according to DIN EN 1607 When base materia properties are questionabe, jobsite quaification is necessary G 12 /

210 X-IE Fastening quaity assurance Instaation 1. Insuation materia suitabiity. 2. Load the X-IE on the too and push the X-IE a the way into the insuation. 3. Fasten the X-IE into the rib of the composite deck ony NOT the trough. Important: This description of the instaation process is ony for iustration purposes. The instaation must aways foow the instructions for use provided with the product. Fastening inspection L x ti het Insuation thickness t I [mm] h ET = mm x min [mm] x max [mm] Check with the gauge immediatey after fastening Adjust the power setting if required G These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product / 2013

211 X-SW 30, X-SW 60 X-SW30, X-SW60 Soft Washer Fastener Product data Dimensions X-SW 30 X-SW 60 Ø8 1 2 S Ø Ø8 Ø68 Genera information Materia specifications Pate: PE Nai: Carbon stee shank: HRC 52.5 Zinc coating: 5 13 μm Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72, DX 460-MX See X-SW fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Appications Exampes G Membranes and drainage pates Insuation up to 30 mm thick Nets, fabric and simiar Pastic corrugated sheets 08 /

212 X-SW 30, X-SW 60 Load data Recommended oads Nrec Vrec Design conditions: 1. Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit. 2. Predominanty static oading. 3. Design oads vaid for nai pu-out strength. Fastened materia has to be considered separatey. 4. Vaid for concrete C 30/37. Tension, N rec [kn] Shear, N rec [kn] DX GX (with X-GN 39 MX) Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete: h min = 80 mm 70 Stee: t 4 mm (Not recommended for X-GN 39 MX) hmin tii d nom Thickness of fastened materia Membranes, nets, etc.: t 25 mm (X-GN 39 MX, t 20 mm) Insuation: t 30 mm (Not recommended for X-GN 39 MX) Spacing and edge distances For setting instructions pease inquire at the suppier of fastened materia. G / 2015

213 X-SW 30, X-SW 60 Fastener seection and system recommendation Fastening to concrete Depth of penetration, het [mm] C C C Fastened thickness, t I [mm] X-SW 30 for stronger, ess damageabe materia. X-SW 60 for more easiy damaged materia (i.e. auminium foi, nets, paper, etc.) Seect nai engths (C 37, C 47 and C 62) according to base materia conditions and fastened thickness Fastener program Toos Item no. Packs of Packs of Designation 100/ /500 L s [mm] Designation À X-SW 30-C DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 À X-SW 30-C DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 À X-SW 30-C DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 Á X-SW 60-C DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 Á X-SW 60-C DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72 Á X-SW 60-C DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX-E 72  X-SW DX 460-MX with coated  X-SW X-C nais (3.5 mm shank dia.) GX-120 with X-GN 39 MX nais Cartridge seection and too energy setting Cartridge recommendation: Concrete 6.8/11M yeow or red Masonry: 6.8/11M green Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. G 08 /

214 G 234

215 X-FS X-FS Form Stop Product data Dimensions 3 Genera information Materia specifications Nai: zinc coating: 5 20 μm Ø Recommended fastening toos DX 460, DX 36, DX 2, DX 460-MX See X-FS fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Appications Exampes G Positioning concrete forms on concrete surfaces. Leave in pace, grey poyethyene is non rusting, neary invisibe and non-conductive. X-FS is suitabe and usabe for minor forming appications 10 /

216 X-FS Load data Recommended working oads V rec = 400 N (predominanty static, however, vibration from concrete compacting is aowed) V rec Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete: h min = 80 mm Spacing and edge distances Spacing and edge distances depending on job site requirements. Corrosion information For temporary fixations no restrictions exist. Fastener program Fastener Toos Nai shank Designation Item no. L s [mm] diameter [mm] Designation À X-FS C 52 * DX 460, DX 36, DX 2 Á X-FS MX ** DX 460-MX * For unusua appications, X-FS avaiabe with other nais on specia order ** X-FS without nai for fastening with coated nais. G Cartridge seection and too energy setting Cartridge recommendation: Stee: 6.8/11M red cartridge Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Masonry: 6.8/11M yeow or green cartridge Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site / 2014

217 5 X-HS, X-CC X-HS Threaded Hanger and X-CC Loop Hanger Systems Product data Dimensions X-HS DKH À X-HS U Á X-CC U Â X-HS M5 X-HS o o 15 L HILTI X-CC o 4 L S L dg o 8 2 L D o o o o o 8 DKH 48 P8S15 o8 o4 o15 X-U _ P8 Ø 8 Ø 4 X-CC DKH 48 Â X-CC CS L S L X-CS _ P8 HILTI X-CC d S 1.5 L S L Genera information Materia specifications Carbon stee shank: HRC 58 X-HS M _ DKH, X-HS M/W_U, X-CC_U HRC 56 X-CC_CS X-HS: Zinc coating: 10 μm X-CC U: Zinc coating: 2.5 μm X-CC CS : Zinc coating: 5 μm X-U / DKH Nai: Zinc coating: 5 20 μm X-CS Nai: Zinc coating: 5 20 μm Recommended fastening toos DX 460-F8, DX 351-F8, DX 36, DX 2, DX E72 See X-HS and X-CC fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. G 10 /

218 X-HS, X-CC Approvas SOCOTEC (France): X-HS/X-CC with X-DKH Loyds Register: X-HS ICC, UL, FM: X-HS W6/10 Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. Appications Exampes Threaded rod attachments to concrete and stee Load data Recommended oads Concrete (DX-Kwik with pre-driing) or stee X-HS Fastener N rec = V rec Base designation [kn] materia Wire attachments to concrete and stee X-HS DKH Concrete X-HS U Stee X-CC DKH Concrete X-CC U Stee X-CC G N Conditions: Predominanty static oading. Concrete C20/25 C50/60 Strength of fastened materia is not imiting. Observance of a appication imitations and recommendations (especiay predriing requirements). N V V / 2014

219 X-HS, X-CC Concrete (DX Standard without pre-driing) X-HS Fastener designation N rec [kn] V rec [kn] h ET [mm] X-HS_U X-HS_U X-HS_U X-CC_U27 0.2* X-CC_U * X-CC CS N X-CC CS *) eccentric oading considered X-CC N Conditions: Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit (norma weight concrete). A visibe faiures must be repaced. With ightweight concrete base materia and appropriate washers, greater oading may be possibe, pease contact Hiti. V Predominanty static oading. Observance of a appication imitations and recommendations. Appication requirements V Thickness of base materia Concrete DX-Kwik (with pre-driing) h min = 100 mm DX Standard (w/o pre-driing) h min = 80 mm Stee t I 4 mm Spacing and edge distances Minimum spacing and edge distances: See corresponding nai data sheet of X-U and X-DKH. Corrosion information These zinc-coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. G 10 /

220 X-HS, X-CC Appication imits Fastening to stee X-HS U19 with DX351 Stee thickness, tii [mm] S235 S275 S Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] Fastener seection Program, technica information Fastener Shank Shank Ø ength ds Ls L Base materia Designation [mm] [mm] [mm] Toos À Concrete pre-dried X-HS _ DKH 48 P8S DX 460-F8 Á Concrete X-HS _ U 32 P8S DX 460-F8, X-HS _ U 27 P8S DX 351-F8, X-HS _ U 22 P8S DX 36, DX 2 Stee X-HS _ U 19 P8S Â Concrete pre-dried X-CC DKH 48 P8S DX 460-F8 Â Concrete X-CC U 27 P DX 460-F8, X-CC U 22 P DX 351-F8, Stee X-CC U 16 P DX 36, DX 2 Type of threading: M = metric; W6, W10 = Whitworth 1/4 ; 3/8 G / 2014

221 X-HS, X-CC X-HS order information Item no. Designation Item no. Designation X-HS M6 U32 P8 S X-HS M8 U19 P8 S X-HS M6 U27 P8 S X-HS M10 U19 P8 S X-HS M8 U32 P8 S X-HS W10 U19 P8 S X-HS M8 U27 P8 S X-HS M6 U22 P8 S X-HS M10 U32 P8 S X-HS M8 U22 P8 S X-HS M10 U27 P8 S X-HS W10 U22 P8 S X-HS W6 U27 P8 S X-HS W6 U19 P8 S X-HS W10 U27 P8 S X-HS M10 U22 P8 S X-HS M6 U19 P8 S X-HS W6 U22 P8 S15 Type of threading: M = metric; W6, W10 = Whitworth 1/4 ; 3/8 X-CC order information Item no. Designation X-CC U22 P X-CC U27 P X-CC DKH P8 S X-CC U16 P X-CC CS22 P X-CC CS27 P8 Cartridge seection Cartridge recommendation: Stee: 6.8/11M red cartridge t 6 mm 6.8/11M green cartridge t < 6 mm Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow cartridge on green/fresh and standard concrete 6.8/11M red cartridge on precast, od and hard concrete Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. G 10 /

222 X-HS, X-CC Fastening quaity assurance Instaation X-HS o Attach the threaded rod to the X-HS before fastening 2. For DKH 48 pre-dri ( 5 x 23) 3. Load the assemby into the too 4. Locate the nai, compress the too, pu the trigger and the fastening is compete 5. Bend the X-HS assemby down to the vertica position X-CC o Assembe the wire with the X-CC 2. For DKH 48 pre-dri ( 5 x 23) 3. Load the assemby into the too 4. Locate the nai, compress the too, pu the trigger and the fastening is compete 5. Adjust the wire as required Quaity assurance X-HS X-CC hnvs hnvs h NVS = 6 10 mm h NVS = 4 7 mm G These are abbreviated instructions which may vary by appication. ALWAYS review/foow the instructions accompanying the product / 2014

223 X-EHSMX, X-ECCMX Eectrica Hanger Systems X-EHS MX and X-ECC MX Product data Dimensions X-EHS MX X-ECC MX Genera information Materia specifications X-EHS MX / X-ECC MX: Zinc coating: 2.5 μm X-GHP 20/24 X-EGN 14 Recommended fastening toos GX 120-ME, GX 100-E, DX 460 MX, DX 351 MX See X-EHS MX and X-ECC MX fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. o 6.8 o 3 o 6.8 o L s L X-U 16/ Ls L Appications Exampe Hanger systems for ight cabe trays, etc. Threaded rod attachments Wire attachments These fasteners are not recommended for fastening of suspended ceiings. These zinc coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. G 01 /

224 X-EHSMX, X-ECCMX Load data Recommended oads on concrete Fastener designation N rec = V rec [kn] X-EHS MX 0.1 X-ECC MX 0.05 (N rec *) 0.1 (V rec ) *) eccentric oading considered Conditions: Fastened with X-GHP 20/24 or X-U 22 Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit (norma weight concrete). A visibe faiures must be repaced. With ightweight concrete base materia and appropriate washers, greater oading may be possibe, pease contact Hiti. Predominanty static oading. Observance of a appication imitations and recommendations. Recommended oads on stee Fastener designation N rec = V rec [kn] X-EHS MX, X-ECC MX 0.45 Fastened with X-EGN 14 or X-U 16 Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete X-U: X-GHP: h min = 80 mm h min = 60 mm Stee t I 4 mm tii Spacing and edge distances Spacing and edge distances depending on job site requirements. G Corrosion information These zinc-coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section / 2015

225 X-EHSMX, X-ECCMX Appication imits Fastening to stee X-EGN 14 Stee thickness, tii [mm] S235 S275 S Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] Fastener program Fastener seection Nai Shank Ø Shank ength Base materia Designation d s [mm] L s [mm] L [mm Concrete X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX 3, ,8 X-U 22 MX Stee X-EGN 14 MX X-U 16 MX G 01 /

226 X-EHSMX, X-ECCMX Fastener seection: Order information Fastener Designation Item no. Threaded Rod Hanger X-EHS M4 MX X-EHS M6 MX X-EHS W6 MX X-EHS M8 MX X-EHS W10 MX Ceiing cip X-ECC MX GX nais X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX DX Nais X-U 16 MX X-U 22 MX System recommendation DX toos: Stee: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow cartridge on green/ fresh and standard concrete 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge on precast, od and hard concrete GX 120-ME too: gas can GC 20, GC21 and GC22 GX 100-E too: gas can GC 11 (GC 12 in USA) Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance X-EHS MX X-ECC MX hnvs hnvs h NVS = 4 8 mm h NVS = 4 8 mm G / 2015

227 X-HS-W X-HS-W Wire Hanging System Product data Fasteners/Components Overview Pre assembed GX Nais: X-GHP 20/24 HILTI X-HS-W o L s L X-EGN 14 o 3 Genera information Materia specifications X-HS-W: Zinc coating 2.5 µm Nai: Zinc coating 2 20 µm Carbon stee shank: HRC 58 X-EGN, X-GHP, X-U o 6.8 o 3 Recommended fastening toos Magazined DX 460-F8, DX 351-F8, GX 120-ME See X-HS-W fastener program in the next pages HILTI X-HS-W and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. DX Nais: X-U 16/22/27 4 Approvas CSTB AT 3/ X-HS-W L s L Locking Mechanism R Appications Exampes G Round Air Ducts Square Air Ducts Light weight Cabe Trays / Lights 12 /

228 X-HS-W Load data Recommended oads DX Standard for concrete Fastener designation N rec [kn] V rec [kn] h ET [mm] X-HS-W U X-HS-W U X-HS-W with GHP20/ Conditions: Minimum 5 fastenings per fastened unit (norma weight concrete). A visibe faiures must be repaced. Vaid for masonry and concrete GHP20/24: f cc 55 N/mm 2 X-U: f cc 45 N/mm 2 Predominanty static oading. Observance of a appication imitations and recommendations. DX Standard for stee Fastener designation N rec V rec X-HS-W U X-HS-W EGN Conditions: Predominanty static oading. Observance of a appication imitations and recommendations. Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete X-U: X-GHP, X-GN: h min = 80 mm h min = 60 mm Stee t I 4 mm G tii / 2013

229 X-HS-W Spacing and edge distances Spacing and edge distances depending on job site requirements. Corrosion information These zinc-coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. Appication imits Concrete X-GHP 20/24: concrete strength f cc 55 N/mm 2 X-U: concrete strength f cc 45 N/mm 2 Stee X-HS-W MX with X-EGN14 MX Stee thickness, tii [mm] S235 S275 S Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] X-HS-W U16 P8 16 Stee thickness, tii [mm] S235 S275 S Stee strength, R m [N/mm 2 ] Fastener program Fastener seection: Possibe combinations Hanger Nai Shank Shank ength Base materia Designation Technoogy Designation d s [mm] L s [mm] Concrete X-HS-W GX X-GHP 20 MX X-HS-W GX X-GHP 24 MX X-HS-W DX X-U 22 P X-HS-W DX X-U 27 P Stee X-HS-W GX X-EGN 14 MX X-HS-W DX X-U 16 MX G 12 /

230 X-HS-W Fastener seection: Order information Fastener Designation Item no. X-HS-W For DX toos X-HS-W U16 P8 1m/3ft X-HS-W U22 P8 1m/3ft X-HS-W U27 P8 1m/3ft X-HS-W U16 P8 2m/7ft X-HS-W U22 P8 2m/7ft X-HS-W U27 P8 2m/7ft X-HS-W U16 P8 3m/10ft X-HS-W U22 P8 3m/10ft X-HS-W U27 P8 3m/10ft X-HS-W For GX toos X-HS-W MX 1m/3ft X-HS-W MX 2m/7ft X-HS-W MX 3m/10ft System recommendation DX toos: Stee: 6.8/11M red cartridge for t 6 6.8/11M green cartridge for t < 6 Concrete: 6.8/11M green or yeow cartridge on young and standard concrete 6.8/11M red cartridge on pre-cast, od and hard concrete GX 120-ME too: GX 100-E too: gas can GC 20, GC21 and GC22 gas can GC 11 (GC 12 in USA) Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance X-HS-W hnvs NO LIFTING Do not use for ifting, such as in a crane or puy situation. G h NVS = mm NO MOVEMENT Hiti hangers are to be used to suspend stationary oads ony. Do not use to suspend moving services, or services ikey to be subject to movement. NO JOINING Hiti hangers must not be used as an in-ine joint using a Hiti fastener, or any other joining device. A Hiti hanger assemby must comprise one ength of cabe and one Hiti fastener ony. If a onger ength is needed, do not join two assembies together / 2013

231 X-EKB, X-ECH X-EKB, X-ECH Eectrica Cabe Fasteners Product data Dimensions Singe Fastener X-EKB 8/4-FR X-EKB 16 (FR) X-U 37 PH o / o o 11.8 X-ECH-S (FR) X-ECH-M (FR) X-ECH-L (FR) Magazine fastener X-EKB 4 / 8 / 16 MX (FR) X-EKB 4 MX (FR) X-ECH-B MX X-ECH-15/30 MX X-GHP 20/24 X-GN 27 X-EGN 14 X-U 16/22/27 4 o 6.8 o 3 o 6.8 o 3 o 6.8 o / L s L G 10 /

232 X-EKB, X-ECH Genera information Materia specifications See Fastener seection Recommended fastening toos DX 460-F8, DX 351-F8, GX 120-ME, GX 100-E, DX 460 MX, DX 351 MX, DX36, DX 2 See X-EKB, X-ECH fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. Approvas UL (USA): X-EKB MX, X-ECH / FR_U37 CSTB (France): X-EKB_U 37, X-ECH_U37 Note: technica data presented in these approvas and design guideines refect specific oca conditions and may differ from those pubished in this handbook. Appications Exampes X-EKB for fastening cabes X-ECH for fastening bunched cabes Load data Fastener capacity G X-EKB: Securing eectrica cabes to concrete ceiings and was Max. capacity (number of cabes in one X-EKB) at spacing of cm Number of wires/cabes and wire sizes Designation NYM 3 x 1.5 mm 2 ( 8 mm) NYM 5 x 1.5 mm 2 ( 10 mm) X-EKB X-EKB X-EKB / 2014

233 X-EKB, X-ECH X-ECH: Securing eectrica cabe to ceiings and was Max. capacity at spacing of cm Designation No. of nais Number of cabes X-ECH-S and X-ECH/FR-S max. 15 NYM ( 10 mm) X-ECH-M and X-ECH/FR-M max. 25 NYM ( 10 mm) X-ECH-L and X-ECH/FR-L max. 35 NYM ( 10 mm) X-ECH-15 MX and X-ECH-B 1 or 2 max. 15 NYM ( 10 mm) X-ECH-30 MX and X-ECH-B 1 or 2 max. 30 NYM ( 10 mm) Conditions: For concrete C12/15 to C45/55 (f cc = 15 to 55 N/mm 2 ) A visibe pacing faiures have to repaced Damaged X-ECH have to repaced Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete X-U: X-GHP, X-GN: h min = 80 mm h min = 60 mm Stee t I 4 mm tii Thickness of fastened materia Fasteners recommended for cabe 8 mm and 10 mm Spacing and edge distances X-EKB: approximatey cm (Adjust as necessary to contro cabe sag) X-ECH: approximatey cm (Adjust as necessary to imit sagging) Corrosion information These zinc-coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. G 10 /

234 X-EKB, X-ECH Fastener program Fastener with pre-mounted DX-nai: Technica information Shank Shank Ø ength Fastener ds Ls Designation [mm] [mm] Toos X-EKB8 U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Á X-EKB16 U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Ä X-ECH-S U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Å X-ECH-M U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Æ X-ECH-L U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 À X-EKB4-FR U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 À X-EKB8-FR U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Á X-EKB16-FR U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Ä X-ECH/FR-S U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Å X-ECH/FR-M U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Æ X-ECH/FR-L U DX460-F8, DX351-F8, DX36, DX 2 Â, Ã A nai shanks: carbon stee, HRC 58, gavanized 2 20 µm Seeve/thimbe: carbon stee, not hardened, gavanized 5 13 µm See Product data in previous pages Fastener with pre-mounted DX-nai: Order information G Designation Item no. Pastic materia X-EKB 4-FR U Poyamide 2 ) X-EKB 8 U Poyamide 1 ) X-EKB 8-FR U Poyamide 2 ) X-EKB 16 U Poyamide 1 ) X-EKB 16-FR U Poyamide 2 ) X-ECH-S U Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH-M U Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH-L U Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH/FR-S U Poyamide 2 ) X-ECH/FR-M U Poyamide 2 ) X-ECH/FR-L U Poyamide 2 ) 1 ) haogen and siicon free, ight grey RAL ) haogen and siicon free, fame retardant, stone grey RAL / 2014

235 X-EKB, X-ECH Fastener without pre-mounted nai: Technica information Cabe hoder Nai Shank Ø Shank ength Base materia Designation Technoogy Designation d s [mm] L s [mm] L [mm] Concrete GX X-GN 27 MX Concrete X-EKB (FR) 4 MX GX X-GHP 20 MX Concrete X-EKB (FR) 8 MX GX X-GHP 24 MX Concrete X-EKB (FR) 16 MX DX X-U 22 MX Concrete X-ECH-15 MX* DX X-U 27 MX Stee X-ECH-30 MX* GX X-EGN 14 MX Stee DX X-U 16 MX * To be used with GX Technoogy ONLY Fastener without pre-mounted nai: Order information Fastener Pastic materia Designation Item no. Eectrica Cabe Hoder Poyamide 1 ) X-EKB 4 MX Poyamide 1 ) X-EKB 8 MX Poyamide 1 ) X-EKB 16 MX Poyamide 2 ) X-EKB FR 4 MX Poyamide 2 ) X-EKB FR 8 MX Poyamide 2 ) X-EKB FR 16 MX Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH-15 MX Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH-30 MX Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH-15/B MX (kit) Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH-30/B MX (kit) Poyamide 1 ) X-ECH-B MX GX Nais X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX X-GN 27 MX DX Nais X-U 16 MX X-U 22 MX X-U 27 MX ) haogen and siicon free, ight grey RAL ) haogen and siicon free, fame retardant, stone grey RAL 7030 G 10 /

236 X-EKB, X-ECH System recommendation DX toos: Stee: 6.8/11M red cartridge Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow cartridge on green/fresh and standard concrete 6.8/11M red cartridge on precast, od and hard concrete Masonry: 6.8/11M yeow or green cartridge, green for MX Fastener GX 120-ME too: Gas can GC 20. GC21 and GC22 GX 100-E too: Gas can GC 11 (GC 12 in USA) Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance X-EKB fastening quaity X-ECH fastening quaity h NVS h NVS h NVS = 7 ± 2 mm h NVS = 7 ± 2 mm G / 2014

237 X-FB, X-DFB, X-EMTC, X-FBMX X-FB (X-DFB / X-EMTC) Eectrica Conduit Fasteners Product data Dimensions Genera information X-FB / X-EMTC 3 H X-DFB 4 H Materia specifications See fastener seection for more detais. d W X-FB MX (X-BX/X-EMTC) d W H W d Recommended fastening toos GX 120-ME, GX 100-E, DX 351-MX, DX 460-MX, DX 351-F8, DX 460-F8, DX-E 72 See X-FB (X-DFB/X-EMTC) fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. X-GHP 20/24 X-GN 27 o 6.8 o 3 o 6.8 o Ls L 28.9 X-EGN 14 X-U 16/22/27 o 6.8 o X-C 27 o 8 o Ls L 2 Ls L Appications Exampe G X-FB for rigid conduits 10 /

238 X-FB, X-DFB, X-EMTC, X-FBMX Load data Recommended oads Concrete Sandime stone Stee Fastener N rec [kn] N rec [kn] N rec [kn] X-FB / X-DFB (pre-mounted) X-FB MX with X-U or X-C (L s = 22 or 27 mm) X-FB MX with X-U 16 MX 0.06 X-FB MX with X-GHP (L s = 20 or 24 mm) 0.02 X-FB MX with X-GN X-FB MX with X-EGN 14 or X-U 0.06 Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete X-U, X-C: X-GHP, X-GN: h min = 80 mm h min = 60 mm Stee t I 4 mm tii Thickness of fastened materia X-FB (X-BX, X-EMTC) To fasten conduits, pipes and tubes of 8 mm to 50 mm Spacing and edge distances Space fastenings as needed to contro sag and maintain aignment. Corrosion information G These zinc-coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section. Appication imits Gas nais f cc 30 N/mm 2 X-U and X-C f cc 45 N/mm / 2014

239 X-FB, X-DFB, X-EMTC, X-FBMX Fastener program Technica information With pre-mounted nai Without pre-mounted nai Designation Designation d [mm] W [mm] H [mm] Â X-FB 5 MX 5 7 Â X-FB 6 MX 6 8 Â X-FB 7 MX 7 9 Â X-FB 8-C27 X-FB 8 MX Â X-EMTC 3 / 8 -C27/-U22 X-BX 3 / 8 MX 10 ( 3 / 8 ) Â X-FB 11-C27 X-FB 11 MX Â X-EMTC 1 / 2 -C27/-U22 13 ( 1 / 2 ) Â X-FB 13-C27 X-EMTC 1 / 2 MX 13 ( 1 / 2 ) Â X-FB 16-C27 X-FB 16 MX Â X-FB 18-C Â X-EMTC 3 / 4 -C27/-U22 X-EMTC 3 / 4 MX 19 ( 3 / 4 ) Â X-FB 20-C27 X-FB 20 MX Â X-FB 22-C27 X-FB 22 MX Â X-FB 24-C Â X-FB 25-C27 X-FB 25 MX, X-EMTC 1 MX 25 (1 ) Â X-EMTC 1 -C27/-U22 25 (1 ) Â X-FB 28-C27 X-FB 28 MX Â X-FB 32-C27 X-FB 32 MX Â X-FB 35-C Â X-FB 40-C27 X-FB 40 MX Â X-FB 50-C Ã X-DFB 5 MX Ã X-DFB 6 MX Ã X-DFB 7 MX Ã X-DFB 8-C27 X-DFB 8 MX Ã X-DFB 11-C27 X-DFB 11 MX Ã X-DFB 16-C27 X-DFB 16 MX Ã X-DFB 18-C Ã X-DFB 20-C27 X-DFB 20 MX Ã X-DFB 22-C27 X-DFB 22 MX Ã X-DFB 24-C27 X-DFB 25 MX Ã X-DFB 25-C27 25 Ã X-DFB 28-C27 X-DFB 28 MX Ã X-DFB 35-C Ã X-DFB 40-C X-U nai Nai shank: Carbon stee, HRC 58 Zinc coating: 5 20 μm X-C nai Nai shank: Carbon stee, HRC 56.5 Zinc coating: 5 20 μm X-GHP nai Nai shank: Carbon stee, HRC 58 Zinc coating: 2 10 μm X-GN nai Nai shank: Carbon stee, HRC 53.5 Zinc coating: 5 13 μm G 10 /

240 X-FB, X-DFB, X-EMTC, X-FBMX Materia specification: + Ã Gavanized stee sheet, f u = N/mm 2, μm zinc coating Toos: DX 351-F8, DX 460-F8, DX-E 72 for a X-FB/DFB/EMTC with pre-mounted nais and GX 120-ME, GX 100-E, DX 351-MX, DX 460-MX for X-FB/DFB/EMTC MX X-FB/DFB: DFastening of eectrica conduits and ight-duty water or heating pipes on concrete Capacity: Nai choice: conduit d Gas Nais for f cc 30 N/mm 2 conduit d X-U and X-C for f cc 45 N/mm 2 System recommendation DX toos: Stee: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow cartridge on green/fresh and standard concrete 6.8/11M red cartridge on precast, od and hard concrete Masonry: 6.8/11M green cartridge GX 120 too: Gas can GC 20. GC1 and GC22 GX 100 too: Gas can GC 11 (GC 12 in USA) Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. Fastening quaity assurance Naihead not protruding G / 2014

241 X-ECTMX, X-UCT MX, X-EKSMX X-ECT MX Eectrica Cabe Tie, X-UCT MX Eectrica Cabe Tie, X-EKS MX Conduit Cip Fastener Product data Dimensions X-ECT MX X-UCT MX X-EKS MX X-EKSC MX X-GHP 20/24 X-GN 27 X-EGN 14 X-U 16/22/ X-ECT 40 MX D 14 o Ls L o 3 Genera information Materia specifications X-ECT and X-EKS: o Poyamide (haogen and siicon free), ight grey RAL 7035 and PBT (siicon free, fame retardant), stone grey RAL 7030 X-UCT MX: HDPE (haogen and siicon free), ight grey RAL 7035 Nais: Carbon Stee HRC 58 X-GHP 20/24, X-EGN 14, X-U HRC 53.5 X-GN 27 Zinc coating 2 13 μm X-GHP 20/24, X-GN 27, X-EGN μm X-U o 3 o o L s L Recommended fastening toos GX 120-ME, GX 100-E, DX 460-MX, DX 351-MX See X-ECT MX, X-UCT MX and X-EKS MX fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. G Approvas CSTB (France) UL (USA) X-ECT MX, X-EKS MX, X-EKSC MX (a with X-U22 MX nai) X-ECT MX 01 /

242 X-ECTMX, X-UCT MX, X-EKSMX Appications Exampes Fexibe or rigid cabe conduits with cabe ties Rigid conduits Cabe conduits or ight duty pipes Load data Recommended oads Fastener X-ECT MX / X-ECT 40 MX, X-UCT MX 0.04 Service oad 1 ) [kn] X-EKS MX ) The recommended service oad is determined by the serviceabiity of the pastic part. Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete X-U: X-GHP, X-GN: h min = 80 mm h min = 60 mm Stee t I 4 mm tii G Spacing cm aong the cabe tie. Adjust spacing as needed to achieve stabiity of cabe tie Corrosion information These zinc-coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section / 2015

243 X-ECTMX, X-UCT MX, X-EKSMX Fastener seection Suitabe cabes with X-ECT MX, X-ECT 40 MX and X-UCT MX fastener Cabe type Cabe measure [ mm] No. of cabes NYM 3x NYM 5x Suitabe conduits with X-EKS / X-EKSC MX fastener Conduit type Conduit size [mm] No. of conduits Pastic conduit Fastener program Nai Shank Ø *) Shank ength*) Base materia Designation Technoogy d s [mm] L s [mm] L [mm Concrete X-U 22 MX DX Concrete X-U 27 MX DX Stee X-U 16 MX DX Concrete X-GHP 20 MX GX Concrete X-GHP 24 MX GX Concrete or masonry X-GN 27 MX GX Stee X-EGN 14 MX GX *) Standard chank diameters and shank engths. Other combinations avaiabe on specia order. Toos: DX technoogy: DX 460-MX, DX 351-MX (for X-ECT MX and X-EKS MX) GX technoogy: GX 120-ME, GX 100-E (for X-ECT MX, X-EKS MX and X-UCT MX) G 01 /

244 X-ECTMX, X-UCT MX, X-EKSMX X-EKS Item no. Designation X-EKS 16 MX X-EKS 19 MX X-EKS 20 MX X-EKS 25 MX X-EKS 32 MX X-EKS 40 MX X-ECT Item no. Designation X-ECT MX X-ECT UV MX X-ECT FR MX X-ECT 40 MX X-UCT MX Item no. Designation X-UCT MX GX nais Item no. Designation X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GHP 24 MX X-GN 27 MX DX Nais Item no. Designation X-U 16 MX X-U 22 MX X-U 27 MX X-EKSC Item no. Designation X-EKSC 16 MX X-EKSC 20 MX X-EKSC 25 MX X-EKSC 32 MX X-EKSC 40 MX System recommendation DX toos: Stee: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow cartridge on green/fresh and standard concrete 6.8/11M red cartridge on precast, od and hard concrete Masonry: 6.8/11M green cartridge GX 120 too: Gas can GC 20, GC21 and GC22 GX 100 too: Gas can GC 11 (GC 12 in USA) Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. G / 2015

245 X-ET X-ET for Fastening Pastic Eectrica Cabe Trays and Junction Boxes Product data Dimensions X-ET UK-H27 1 UK-H27 2 o 8 X-ET MX 3 31 o w x x h = 16.5 x 16.5 x 12 mm o 15 X-GHP 20/24 X-GN 27 X-EGN 14 X-U 16/22/27 o 6.8 o 3 o 6.8 o 3 o 6.8 o L s L Ls L Genera information Materia specifications X-ET Poyethyene X-ET MX Poyamide (haogen and siicon free), ight grey RAL 7035 and PBT (siicon-free, fame retardant), stone grey RAL 7030 Nais: Carbon stee HRC 58 X-GHP 20/24, X-EGN 14 HRC 53.5 X-GN 27 HRC 58 X-U 16 / 22/ 27 Zink-coating 2 13 μm X-GHP 20, X-EGN 14, X-GN μm X-U G Recommended fastening toos DX 460-MX, DX 351-MX, GX 120-ME, GX 100-E See X-ET fastener program in the next pages and Toos and equipment chapter for more detais. 12 /

246 X-ET Appications Exampes Cabe trunking Cabe trunking Junction boxes Conduits & pipes with meta or textie band Load data Recommended oad Service oad 1 ) Fastener [kn] X-ET MX ) The recommended service oad is controed by serviceabiity of the pastic part. Appication requirements Thickness of base materia Concrete X-U: X-GHP, X-GN: h min = 80 mm h min = 60 mm Stee t I 4 mm tii G Corrosion information These zinc-coated fasteners are not suitabe for ong-term service outdoors or in otherwise corrosive environments. For further detaied information on corrosion see reevant chapter in Direct Fastening Principes and Technique section / 2013

247 X-ET Fastener program Fastener Shank Shank Ø ength Techno- Base ds Ls No. ogy materia Fastener Designation [mm] [mm] Toos À DX Concrete /stee X-ET X-ET UK-H DX 460-F8 Â DX Concrete /stee X-ET MX X-U 22/27 MX /27 DX 460-MX, DX 351-MX Â DX Stee X-ET MX X-U 16 MX DX 460-MX, DX 351-MX Â GAS Concrete X-ET MX X-GHP GX 120-ME Â GAS Concrete X-ET MX X-GN GX 120-ME Â GAS Stee X-ET MX X-EGN GX 120-ME Â GAS Sandime masonry X-ET MX A GX nais 3.0 see above GX 120-ME Order information Fastener Item no. Designation X-ET X-ET UK-H X-ET MX DX Nais X-U 16 MX X-U 22 MX X-U 27 MX GX nais X-EGN 14 MX X-GHP 20 MX X-GN 27 MX Conditions for use: No fastenings on ribs Underside of trunking must be smooth X-ET MX ony in predried hoes = 90 Trunking dimensions: t I 2 mm PVC min. 16 mm min. 16 mm max. 60 mm G 12 /

248 X-ET System recommendation DX toos: Stee: 6.8/11M yeow or red cartridge Concrete: 6.8/11M yeow cartridge on green/fresh and standard concrete 6.8/11M red cartridge on precast, od and hard concrete Masonry: 6.8/11M green cartridge GX 120-ME too: Gas can GC 20, GC 21 and GC22 GX 100-E too: Gas can GC 11 (GC 12 in USA) Too energy adjustment by setting tests on site. G / 2013

249 GX-WF GX-WF Wood Framing Nais Product data Dimensions Genera information GX-WF smooth shank nais (exampe with D-head) Avaiabe head shapes GX-WF profied shank nais (exampe with round head) Other dimensions Materia specifications Carbon Stee or Stainess Stee with a minimum tensie strength of 600 N/mm 2 d h dh n g p dn Recommended fastening too GX 90 WF d n = Nom. Nai Diameter d h = Nom. Head Diameter g = Length of Profie n = Nom. Nai Length p = Nom. Point Length t pen = Pointside Penetration Depth t = Fastening Height t n tpen dn Approvas CE Marking according to EN (EU) BRANZ Appraisa No. 780 (2012) (NZ) Appications Exampes Battens Cadding Fat roof Sub-construction Roof paneing Roof trim Wa framing Wa sheeting Wood decking 12 / H

250 GX-WF Corrosion information Suitabe Nai Materias depending on Service Cass Corrosion Protection EN Service Casses reated to ISO ) Requirements Typica average moisture content of 12% 20% > 20% the wood specimens Designation on package / abe Requirements for Nais with d 4 mm No coating Fe/Zn 12c Fe/Zn 25c 2 Suitabe GX-WF Gavanized, Hot Dip Hot Dip Gavanized, Materias A Gavanized, Stainess Stainess 1 In particuary corrosive environments, thicker Hop Dip Gavanization or Stainess Stee sha be considered 2 For Hot Dip Gavanized nais typicay Fe/Zn 25c is substituted by Z350 according to EN Note: Certain wood treatments and species, ike Oak, Dougas-fir or simiar, require stainess stee nais due to the acidity of the wood, typicay independent of the Service Cass. Load data Characteristic yied moment M y,k H Nai Type Avaiabe coating / materia Bright Gav HDG A2 & A4 Nai Diameter dn [mm] Minimum Tensie Strength fu [N/mm 2 ] Characteristic Yied Moment Mny,k 1,2 [Nmm] Smooth Nais GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 D GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 D Profied Nais GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 RD GXWF [ n ] x 2.8 RD GX-WF [ n ]x 3.1 RD GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 RD GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 RD GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 R/RD GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 RD Vaues for smooth nais cacuated per EN (Eurocode 5), section Vaues for profied nais based on testing in accordance with EN 409 and EN / 2013

251 GX-WF Characteristic Pu-out and Head Pu-through Resistance for wood density of 350 kg/m 3 Nai Type Nai diameter dn [mm] Head diameter for cacuations dh [mm] Characteristic withdrawa parameter 1 fax,k [N/mm 2 ] Char. Head pu-through parameter 2 fhead,k [N/mm 2 ] Smooth Nais 3 GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 D 34 (independent of type of corrosion protection) GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 D 34 (independent of type of corrosion protection) Profied Nais 4 GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 RD GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 RD GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 RD 34 gav GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 RD gav GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 RD 34 gav GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 RD 34 HDG GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 RD 34 HDG GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 RD 34 A2 & A GX-WF [ n ] x 3.1 RD 34 A2 & A GX-WF [ n ] x 2.8 R 34 A2 & A Vaues are vaid for penetration depths of 12d (smooth nais) or 8d (profied nais) respectivey. Reduction may factors appy acc. to EN , section for smaer penetration depths or for nais instaed into wood near the fibre saturation point. The minimum point side penetration depth is 8d (smooth nais) and 6d (profied nais) respectivey. See aso section Appication imits 2 For D-Head nais, the head pu-through parameter f head,k was determined based on testing and cacuation using the arger diameter d h as shown in the Product Data Section. Therefore this vaue is aso given in this tabe to cacuate the correct head pu-through resistance 3 Vaues for smooth nais are cacuated per EN section (6) 4 Vaues for f ax,k and f head,k for profied nais based on Initia Type Testing in accordance with EN Design data in accordance with EN (Eurocode 5), Section 8 Design Conditions for Wood to Wood connections: Correct instaation according to this document, Hiti s printed instaation instructions and appicabe reguations Appropriate nai was seected for the reevant Service Cass Connection must consist of at east 2 nais 12 / H

252 GX-WF Shear Capacity: The shear capacity and combined oading capacity has to be cacuated according to EN or other appicabe reguations. The shear capacity depends on the type of connection, the bearing strength of the wood, the senderness of the nais and the withdrawa strength of the nais. Minimum point side penetration depths are given in the section Fastener Seection. Other geometrica connection parameters sha compy with EN (EuroCode 5) or other appicabe reguations. Expanation of the faiure modes associated with the design parameters presented on this document Yied Moment M y,k Pu-out f ax,k Head pu-through f head,k Cacuation exampe This cacuation shoud iustrate the characteristic capacity of a common nai type in tension. For a fu design, the provisions in EN sha be foowed using the technica data in this document. Exampe: Characteristic withdrawa capacity for a gavanized profied nai GX-WF 90 x 3.1 RD 34 Gav H / 2013

253 GX-WF Input data: t = 20 mm; t pen = 70 mm; kr = 350 kg/m 3 é f ax,k = 6.32 N/mm 2 and f head, k = N/mm 2 (see Characteristic Pu out and Puthrough Resistance tabe ) GX-WF 90 x 3.1 RD 34 Gav g = 73.2 mm; p = 4.8 mm; d n = 3.1 mm; d h = 7.2 mm (see Gavanized Nais, Service Cass 1&2 tabe ) é g + p = 78 mm > t pen é Þ Embedded part is fuy threaded (except tip) é Ony threaded part transfers axia oads: = t pen p = 70 mm 4.8 mm = 65.2 mm Cacuations: Pu-out capacity: f ax,k = 6.32 x 3.1 x (70-4.8) = 1277 [N] Head pu-through capacity: f head,k = x = 721 [N] Char. withdrawa capacity: F ax,rk = min {f ax,k x d n x (t pen - p ); f head,k x d h2 } = 721 N é Head pu-through governs Note: Nai Tensie strength doesn t govern for GX-WF nais Resuts: To cacuate the design withdrawa oad F ax,rd, a safety factor γ M (= 1.3 for connections) and a modification factor k mod for oad duration, wood type and moisture, appy per Eurocode 5 é Exampe: soid timber, Service Cass 2, permanent oading é γ M = 1.3; k mod = 0.6 é F ax,rd = F ax,rk x k mod / γ M = 721 N x 0.6 / 1.3 = 333 N or 34 kg Appication requirements Minimum point side penetration depth (for nais in tension pease consider Characteristic Pu out and Pu-through Resistance tabe, footnote 1): 8 x nai diameter d n for smooth nais 6 x nai diameter d n for profied nais Spacing and edge distance: Geometrica imitations ike spacing and edge distance sha be in compiance with EN or other appicabe reguations Fastener Seection and system recommendation The information in this section compies with EN (Eurocode 5) and EN Item numbers shown in the foowing tabes are for nais ony and do not incude gas cans. 12 / H

254 GX-WF Where do I use profied or smooth nais? In accordance with EN the foowing genera rues appy. For non-structura appications, ike e.g. battens, other oca reguations may appy: Profied nais sha be used for permanent or ong-term withdrawa oads > 6 months ( see tabe 2.1 of EN ) Smooth nais can ony be used for short to medium term withdrawa oads < 6 months (e.g. wind) or for shear oads ony Avaiabe head shapes Other dimensions dn d h dh n g p d n = Nom. Nai Diameter d h = Nom. Head Diameter g = Length of Profie n = Nom. Nai Length p = Nom. Point Length t pen = Pointside Penetration Depth t = Fastening Height t n tpen dn H Bright Stee Nais, Service Cass 1 Designation Head Max. fastening Min. Length Max. GX-WF dia., height, of profie, Point ength, Item no. (ength, n) x (dia., dn) dh [mm] t [mm] g [mm] p [mm] GX-WF 51x2.8 D n/a GX-WF 63x2.8 D n/a GX-WF 70x2.8 D n/a GX-WF 75x2.8 D n/a GX-WF 80x2.8 D n/a GX-WF 80x3.1 D n/a GX-WF 90x3.1 D n/a GX-WF 90x3.1 D n/a GX-WF 51x2.8 RD GX-WF 63x2.8 RD GX-WF 70x2.8 RD GX-WF 75x2.8 RD GX-WF 80x2.8 RD GX-WF 70x3.1 RD GX-WF 75x3.1 RD GX-WF 80x3.1 RD GX-WF 90x3.1 RD / 2013

255 GX-WF Gavanized Nais, Service Cass 1 & 2 Designation Head Max. fastening Min. Length Max. GX-WF dia., height, of profie, Point ength, Item no. (ength, n) x (dia., dn) dh [mm] t [mm] g [mm] p [mm] GX-WF 51x2.8 D 34 Gav 7 28 n/a GX-WF 63x2.8 D 34 Gav 7 40 n/a GX-WF 70x2.8 D 34 Gav 7 47 n/a GX-WF 75x2.8 D 34 Gav 7 52 n/a GX-WF 80x2.8 D 34 Gav 7 57 n/a GX-WF 75x3.1 D 34 Gav n/a GX-WF 80x3.1 D 34 Gav n/a GX-WF 90x3.1 D 34 Gav n/a GX-WF 90x3.1 D Gav n/a GX-WF 51x2.8 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 51x2.8 RD Gav GX-WF 63x2.8 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 63x2.8 RD Gav GX-WF 70x2.8 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 75x2.8 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 80x2.8 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 70x3.1 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 75x3.1 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 80x3.1 RD 34 Gav GX-WF 90x3.1 RD 34 Gav / H

256 GX-WF Hot Dip Gavanized Nais, Service Cass 1, 2 & 3 Designation Head Max. fastening Min. Length Max. GX-WF dia., height, of profie, Point ength, Item no. (ength, n) x (dia., dn) dh [mm] t [mm] g [mm] p [mm] GX-WF 51x2.8 D 34 HDG 7 28 n/a GX-WF 63x2.8 D 34 HDG 7 40 n/a GX-WF 75x2.8 D 34 HDG 7 52 n/a GX-WF 75x3.1 D 34 HDG n/a GX-WF 80x3.1 D 34 HDG n/a GX-WF 90x3.1 D 34 HDG n/a GX-WF 51x2.8 RD 34 HDG GX-WF 63x2.8 RD 34 HDG GX-WF 75x2.8 RD 34 HDG GX-WF 80x2.8 RD 34 HDG GX-WF 63x3.1 RD 34 HDG GX-WF 75x3.1 RD 34 HDG GX-WF 80x3.1 RD 34 HDG GX-WF 90x3.1 RD 34 HDG Stainess Stee Nais, Service Cass 1, 2 & 3 Designation Head Max. fastening Min. Length Max. GX-WF dia., height, of profie, Point ength, Item no. (ength, n) x (dia., dn) dh [mm] t [mm] g [mm] p [mm] GX-WF 51x2.8 RD 34 A GX-WF 63x2.8 RD 34 A GX-WF 80x3.1 RD 34 A GX-WF 55x2.8 R 34 A GX-WF 65x2.8 R 34 A GX-WF 80x2.8 R 34 A GX-WF 51x2.8 RD 34 A GX-WF 63x2.8 RD 34 A GX-WF 80x3.1 RD 34 A GX-WF 55x2.8 R 34 A GX-WF 65x2.8 R 34 A GX-WF 80x2.8 R 34 A H / 2013

257 GX-WF Decarations of performance numbers DoP Number EN Product Hiti-DX-DoP-101 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 D 34 bright Hiti-DX-DoP-102 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 D 34 gav Hiti-DX-DoP-103 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 D 34 HDG Hiti-DX-DoP-104 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 RD 34 bright Hiti-DX-DoP-105 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 RD 34 gav Hiti-DX-DoP-106 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2,8 RD gav Hiti-DX-DoP-107 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 RD 34 HDG Hiti-DX-DoP-108 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 RD 34 A2 Hiti-DX-DoP-109 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 RD 34 A4 Hiti-DX-DoP-110 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 R 34 A2 Hiti-DX-DoP-111 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x2.8 R 34 A4 Hiti-DX-DoP-112 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 D 34 bright Hiti-DX-DoP-113 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3,1 D Hiti-DX-DoP-114 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 D 34 gav Hiti-DX-DoP-115 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3,1 D gav Hiti-DX-DoP-116 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 D 34 HDG Hiti-DX-DoP-117 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 RD 34 A2 Hiti-DX-DoP-118 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 RD 34 A4 Hiti-DX-DoP-119 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 RD 34 bright Hiti-DX-DoP-120 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 RD 34 gav Hiti-DX-DoP-121 EN Hiti wood nai GX-WF [n]x3.1 RD 34 HDG 12 / H

258 GX-WF Fastening quaity assurance Fastening Inspection Fastening wood to wood After correct Instaation, the nai head shoud be fush with the wood surface. The fastened wood member shoud be fuy in contact with the supporting base wood member, if not required differenty by the specific design of the connection. Pre-driing requirements Pre-driing requirements are described in EN , section H / 2013

259 Part 5: Direct fastening principes and technique 279

260 280

261 Introduction 1. Introduction 1.1 Definitions and genera terminoogy Hiti direct fastening technoogy is a technique in which speciay hardened nais or studs are driven into stee, concrete or masonry by a piston-type too. Materias suitabe for fastening by this method are stee, wood, insuation and some kinds of pastic. Fastener driving power is generated by a power oad (a cartridge containing combustibe propeant powder, aso known as a booster ), combustibe gas or compressed air. During the driving process, base materia is dispaced and not removed. In Hiti terminoogy, DX stands for powder-actuated and GX for gas-actuated systems. 1.2 Reasons for using powder- or gas- actuated fastening The iustrations beow show some of the main reasons why many contractors take advantage of the benefits of powder or gasactuated fastening Speed is important. An easy-to-use, uncompicated fastening system is required. A weather-independent fastening system is required. + + = 2.4 kn + + Eectric power is not avaiabe or eectric cabes woud hinder the work. = 2.4 kn?? 12 /

262 Introduction + + = 2.4 kn = 2.4 kn = 2.4 kn? A compete fastening system with assured strength is required. Driing is not viabe because of noise. Driing woud be too difficut. Driing woud cause too much dust / 2013

263 HILTI Introduction 1.3 Direct fastening appications Typica appications for powder- or gas-actuated fastening are shown in the iustrations beow: Fastening thin meta sheets: roof decking wa iners and foor decking Fastening thicker stee members: e.g. meta brackets, cips Fastening soft materias such as wooden battens or insuation to stee, concrete or masonry Threaded studs for suspended ceiings, instaing buiding services, bar gratings or chequer pate foors Connections for composite structures: fastening naied composite shear connectors Roof decking Wa iners Foor decking Meta brackets, cips and tracks Fixtures for mechanica and eectrica instaations Hangers with threaded connectors Wooden battens fastened to stee or concrete Grating fastenings Shear connectors 12 /

264 Introduction Hiti direct fastening systems are speciay designed for each appication and trade. Key appications and the corresponding fastening systems are shown beow. Roof and foor decking in stee & meta construction X-ENP-19 L15 DX 76 PTR Gratings in the petrochemica and other industries X-BT + DX 351 BTG X-FCM R Interior partition was (drywa) in interior finishing X-GN GX / 2013

265 Introduction Concrete forms in buiding construction X-FS DX 460 Conduit cips and ties in mechanica and eectrica instaations X-EKS, X-ECT GX 120-ME 12 /

266 Introduction The direct fastening system 2. The direct fastening system The fastener, too and driving energy form a fastening system with its own specific characteristics. Exampes of Hiti direct fastening system components are shown beow. Fasteners Fastening toos Driving energy Powder-actuated too Gas-actuated too / 2013

267 HILTI The direct fastening Introduction system 2.1 Fasteners Fasteners can be cassified in three genera types: nais, threaded studs and composite fasteners. Nais Siding and decking nais Threaded studs for stee Composite fasteners Knuring Genera purpose nais for stee for concrete Bunt-ended fastener (requires pre-driing) for concrete Muti-part fasteners X-FCM grating disk with threaded stud X-HVB shear connectors fastened with X-ENP-21 HVB nais X-ENP nai with SDK2 seaing cap The nais used (aso known as drive pins) are of a specia type equipped with washers to meet the needs of the appication and to provide guidance when driven. Threaded studs are essentiay nais with a threaded upper section instead of a head. Composite fasteners are an assemby consisting of a nai with an appication-specific fastening component such as a cip, pate or disk made of meta or pastic. Siding and decking nais can be recognized by their washers which are speciay designed to hod down the meta sheets and to absorb excess driving energy. Fasteners designed for driving into stee usuay have knured shanks which increase their pu-out resistance. Fasteners for use on concrete have onger shanks than those for use on stee. Threaded studs may have either a metric (M6, M8 or M10) or Whitworth ( 1 / 4, 5 / 16 or 3 / 8 ) thread. Nais and threaded studs are commony zinc-pated for resistance to corrosion during transport, storage and construction. As this degree of protection is inadequate for ong-term resistance to corrosion, use of these zinc-pated fasteners is imited to appications where they are not exposed to the weather or a corrosive atmosphere during their service ife. The zinc ayer on 12 /

268 Introduction The direct fastening system fasteners driven into stee is, in fact, a disadvantage in that it reduces pu-out resistance. For this reason, the thickness of zinc on the fastener must be optimized to ensure good corrosion protection as we as high hoding power. During production, tight contro of the gavanizing process is necessary to prevent excess zinc thickness and thereby poor fastening performance. Fasteners must be 2 to 3 times harder than the materia into which they are driven. The tensie strength of structura stee is commony between 400 and 600 MPa. Fasteners for use on stee thus require a strength of approximatey 2000 MPa. As Rockwe hardness is much easier to measure than strength, but good correation exists between hardness and strength, this characteristic is used as a parameter in the specification and manufacturing of the fasteners. In the tabe beow, HRC hardness is given for a range of tensie strengths (DIN 50150). Tensie strength (MPa) HRC Manufacturing process Standard hardened stee fasteners Amost a powder and gas-actuated fasteners used throughout the word are manufactured from carbon stee wire which is subsequenty thermay hardened to provide the strength needed for driving into stee and concrete. In nai manufacturing, shank diameter is determined by the wire diameter used. Threaded studs are made from wire corresponding to the required thread diameter. The manufacturing process, which is summarized in the diagram beow, consists of cutting the wire to ength, shaping the head, knuring, forging or thermo puing the point, hardening, gavanizing and assembing with washers. The process of hardening the stee to more than HRC 50 combined with the zinc pating presents a risk of hydrogen embrittement. This risk is mitigated by heat-treating the gavanized product at the optimum temperature for the correct time. Gavanized and heattreated fasteners are subjected to impact bending tests to check the effectiveness of the process. Depending on their intended appication, some fasteners are additionay samped and tested under tension and shear. Manufacturing Process Standard zinc-coated fasteners Cutting to ength and head forming (Knuring) Point forging or thermo puing Therma hardening Gavanizing Heat treatment Assemby with washers / 2013

269 The direct fastening Introduction system Stainess stee fasteners Hiti introduced the first powder-actuated stainess stee fastener in These fasteners, which are not thermay hardened, are manufactured from specia stainess stee wire with an utimate tensie strength of 1850 MPa. One effect of using stee of such high strength as a raw materia is that the forming and forging processes present greater technica difficuties. These fasten- ers, on the other hand, suffer no risk of hydrogen embrittement and their strength decreases ony very sighty when subjected to high temperatures such as in a fire. Manufacturing Process Stainess Stee Fasteners Cutting to ength and head forming Point forging Assemby with washers 2.3 Fastener raw materia Hiti standard zinc pated fasteners are made from carbon stee wire with an utimate tensie strength of 590 to 760 MPa. Hiti X-CR / X-CRM / X-BT stainess stee fasteners are made from high-strength nitrogen aoyed stainess stee wire (Hiti designation CR500). Nicke and chromium are the components of stainess stee that make it resistant to corrosion. CR500 stee is compared to commony used stainess stees ike AISI 304 and 316 (European A2 and A4) in the graph at the right. Note that CR500 stee contains consideraby more nicke and chromium than both 304 and 316. Another comparison of interest is the difference in utimate tensie strength, as shown in the graph at the right. Tensie strength (MPa) Content (%) CR500 0 AISI 316 (A4) CR /

270 Introduction The direct fastening system 2.4 Powder- and gas-actuated toos Definitions In the ANSI A standard, two basic types of too are referred to: direct-acting and indirect-acting. The two types are defined by the manner in which the energy is transferred from the hot expanding gases to the fastener. Direct-acting too: The expanding gases act directy on the fastener and acceerate it to a veocity of 400 to 500 m/s (1300 to 1600 fps). This veocity paces the too in the high-veocity cass, thereby subjecting it to more stringent rues for usage. Indirect-acting too: The expanding gases act on a captive piston that drives the fastener, which in Hiti indirect-acting toos reaches a veocity of ess than 100 m/s (328 fps). Because of the ower veocity, the possibiity and extent of injury due to incorrect operation is very much reduced. Rues for usage are ess stringent than for high-veocity toos. ANSI A cassifies powderactuated toos according to veocity. With increasing veocity, rues for usage become more stringent, for exampe with regard to equipping the toos with shieds. The owest veocity too capabe of performing the appication shoud be used. Cass of Average Maximum singe powder-actuated test veocity test veocity too in m/s [fps] in m/s [fps] Low-veocity 100 [328] 108 [354] Medium-veocity 150 [492] 160 [525] High-veocity >150 [492] >160 [525] / 2013

271 The direct fastening Introduction system Hiti toos A Hiti toos suppied for construction appications are ow-veocity, indirect-acting toos. Indirect-acting toos operate according to one of three different principes co-acting, impact or contact operation which each affect the operating characteristics and the appication imit of the system. It shoud be noted that 100% co-acting operation can be achieved by pushing the fastener a the way back against the piston with a ramrod or, if the too is so designed, with a buit-in ramrod mechanism. Toos with nai magazines do not achieve 100% co-action because of the need for cearance between the piston end and the coated nai strip. Some singeshot toos aow the operator to make an impact-type too work as a co-acting too by using a ramrod. Operating principe Co-acting operation Characteristics X > 0 ; Y = 0 Highest appication imit Lowest recoi X Impact operation X = 0 ; Y > 0 Lower appication imit Higher recoi Y Contact operation X = 0 ; Y = 0 Lowest appication imit Highest recoi 12 /

272 Introduction The direct fastening system 2.5 Cartridges (power oads, boosters) Cartridges for indirect-acting toos are avaiabe in various standard sizes and each size is avaiabe in up to 6 power eves. In the United States, the powder in a cartridge, the sensitivity of the primer, and the cartridge dimensions are governed by technica data pubished by the Powder-Actuated Too Manufacturers Institute, Inc. (PATMI). PATMI defines the power eve by the veocity measured in a standard test in which a standardized 350 grain [22.7gram] cyindrica sug is fired from a standardized apparatus. The identification and imitations of use are addressed in ANSI A PATMI coour codes, power eves and definition of cartridges Size Coour code Power Veocity of 350 grain sug Cacuated energy (joues) eve ft./sec. [m/sec.] minimum average maximum 6.8 / 11 Gray ± 45 [113 ± 13.7] [Ca. 27 short] Brown ± 45 [128 ± 13.7] Green ± 45 [146 ± 13.7] Yeow ± 45 [171 ± 13.7] Red ± 45 [186 ± 13.7] Purpe / back ± 45 [201 ± 13.7] / 18 Green ± 45 [168 ± 13.7] [Ca. 27 ong] Yeow ± 45 [192 ± 13.7] Bue ± 45 [221 ± 13.7] Red ± 45 [235 ± 13.7] Purpe / back ± 45 [265 ± 13.7] The German DIN 7260 standard specifies cartridge dimensions, coour codes and power eves, which are defined in terms of energy deivered when a cartridge is fired in a standardized apparatus. DIN 7260 specifies a 3.66 gram sug with a somewhat more compex geometry than that of the PATMI sug / 2013

273 The direct fastening Introduction system DIN 7260 coour codes, power eves and definition of cartridges Size Coour code Power Specified energy eve (joues) 6.8 / 11 White weakest 120 ± 50 Green weak 200 ± 50 Yeow medium 300 ± 50 Bue heavy 400 ± 50 Red very heavy 450 ± 50 Back heaviest 600 ± / 18 Green weak 200 ± 50 Yeow medium 400 ± 50 Bue heavy 500 ± 50 Red very heavy 600 ± 100 Back heaviest 800 ± 100 In order to achieve interchangeabiity of the toos and cartridges from various manufacturers, PATMI provides guideines on cartridge dimensions. Manufacturers optimize the cartridge characteristics for their toos in order to achieve functiona reiabiity and ong ife. Interchanging of components is mentioned in 7.10 of ANSI A : Ony those types of fasteners and power oads recommended by the too manufacturer for a particuar too, or those providing the same eve of safety and performance, sha be used. It is the responsibiity of the user of powderactuated products to compy with this requirement. 12 /

274 Introduction Heath and safety 3. Heath and safety The safety of powder-actuated fastening systems can be examined in terms of three genera safety characteristics: Operator safety refers to safeguarding the operator and bystanders. Fastening safety is a measure of the adequacy of the in-pace fastenings. Functiona safety refers to the operabiity of the too, especiay the operator safety devices, under construction site conditions. 3.1 Operator safety Hiti powder-actuated systems incorporate five main design features for maximum operator safety the DX piston principe, drop-firing safety mechanism, contact pressure safety mechanism, trigger safety mechanism and the unintentiona firing safety mechanism. Hiti DX/GX piston principe One of the main concerns about the use of exposive powder-fied cartridges to drive fasteners is what happens if the base materia is missed by the fastener. The piston principe ensures that the energy from the propeant in the cartridge is transferred to a piston, the acceerated mass of which then drives the fastener. Because the piston is captive within the too, roughy 95% of the driving energy is absorbed by the too in the event of the fastener missing the base materia. Thus, the veocity of a fastener that misses the base materia is far ower than the veocities associated with fasteners from high-veocity toos (toos that do not operate with the piston principe) / 2013

275 Heath Introduction and safety Drop-firing safety The drop firing safety mechanism prevents the too from firing if dropped unintentionay. This mechanism is so designed that the too, cocked or uncocked, wi not fire when dropped at any ange onto a hard surface. Trigger safety This mechanism ensures that puing the trigger aone cannot cause the cartridge to fire. The trigger in a Hiti DX- or GX-too is uncouped from the firing pin mechanism unti the too is fuy compressed against the work surface. 12 /

276 Introduction Heath and safety Contact pressure safety A Hiti too is made ready for firing by compressing it against the work surface. This requires a force of at east 50 N [11.2 pounds]. Toos with arge basepates that can be easiy gripped with the hand, for exampe the DX 76 and the DX 460 SM, GX 120, have an additiona surface contact pin that must aso be pushed back to aow firing. This is designed to prevent the too firing when its nosepiece is not in contact with the work surface. Unintentiona firing safety Hiti DX toos cannot be fired by puing the trigger and then compressing the too against the work surface (aso known as bump firing ). These toos can be fired ony when they are (1) compressed against the work surface and (2) the trigger is then pued. Cartridge (power oad or booster) The propeant powder in the cartridge can ony burn if the primer burns first. Burning of the primer is initiated by an impact appied with the correct veocity at the correct ocation of the cartridge. The propeant and primer are protected from externa infuences by the meta casing of the cartridge. Magazine strip Coated cartridges in strips of 10 (or 40) offer greater safety because the pastic strip heps protect the cartridge cases from impacts and ensures separation between the cartridges. Packaging The packaging must contain provisions with respect to too compatibiity / 2013

277 Heath Introduction and safety Promotion of operator safety Safety of the operator and bystanders is promoted by use of the appropriate safety equipment and by foowing the instructions in the operator s manua. By suppying the powder-actuated too in a ifetime kit box with space for eye protectors, operator s manua, etc., retention and use of the safety equipment is much improved. Too compatibiity information and instaation guideines printed on the cartridge and fastener packaging suppement the operator s manua. Hiti organizes operator training courses in which genera safety measures for powderactuated toos are covered as we as measures specific to each mode of too used. In some countries, certificates or operator IDs are issued upon competion of training courses to encourage attention to safety by operators and to aow safety officias to enforce training requirement reguations. 12 /

278 Introduction Heath and safety 3.2 Fastening safety Fastening safety depends on a correct prediction of the oads and the conditions to which the fastening is subjected and a correct prediction of fastening performance. The necessary conditions for predictabe fastening performance are: 1. The fastening system must have been engineered and tested for the appication. 2. The quaity of the fastening system components used must correspond to the quaity of those originay tested. 3. The fastenings must be made as foreseen in the engineering of the system or in the same way as when the system was tested. Engineering and testing Sources of information about the engineering and testing of a fastening system are the manufacturer s technica iterature, test reports, officia approvas and pubications in technica journas. If an or equa cause is used in the specification, then approva of any aternate fastening system shoud be made contingent on provision of documentation showing that the proposed fastening system has been engineered and tested for the given appication. Production quaity The need for the materias used on the jobsite to correspond to the design of the product and to be of the same quaity as those tested is cear. This requires the manufacturer to have a production quaity contro system, which is necessary for ISO 9001 certification / 2013

279 Heath Introduction and safety Quaity of instaation The use of fastening systems for which the manufacturer provides appication guideines and a technica advisory service heps ensure that fasteners wi be instaed correcty. The concept of controing the quaity of the work must incude some feature that can be measured and that feature must indicate the performance of the fastenings. The primary means of checking the quaity of a powder-actuated fastening is by checking the stand-off over the surface of the fastened materia. For fasteners that do not aow an accurate visua check of the standoff, the use of a stand-off tempate is recommended. In some cases tensie testing of fasteners on jobsites is necessary. Threaded studs and some decking fasteners with suitabe head design can be tensie-tested in their fina position on a jobsite. Other fasteners ike simpe fat-headed nais have to be driven through a pu-over test specimen and then tested. Checking the standoff of an X-EDN 19 roof deck fastening with a pastic tempate Pu-out test of an ENP fastening with a Mark V tester and ENP adapter 12 /

280 Introduction Heath and safety 3.3 Functiona safety Construction professionas demand fastening systems that are dependabe under the toughest jobsite conditions. The goa of functiona reiabiity has to be integrated into the deveopment, manufacture, saes and service of a fastening system. The deveopment of a new fastening system must consider the operating conditions and the degree of reiabiity required. During deveopment, system components and prototypes are tested to determine if they wi function reiaby. Piot production ots are tested by contractors on their jobsites to ensure that the design can be produced in a quaity that wi function. Quaity contro is integrated in the manufacturing process to ensure that a components are manufactured according to specifications. Saespersons are trained so that they can advise their customers as to the proper system to use for the appication. Too repair and maintenance training hep keep the fastening systems functioning. Lifetime testing of the DX powder-actuated too with nai magazine / 2013

281 Heath Introduction and safety 3.4 DX Cartridge safety Important information about cartridges for powder actuated fastening toos Ony use Hiti cartridges or cartridges of equivaent quaity. The use of cartridges of inferior quaity in Hiti toos may ead to buid-up of unburned powder, which may expode and cause severe injuries to operators and bystanders. At a minimum, cartridges must: 1. be confirmed by their suppier to meet the Combustion residue test according to EU standard EN 16264, or 2. bear: The CE conformity mark The proof mark of fire-arm test house The too designation The identification number of the EU notified body The number of the type test For exampe: 3.5 DX Toos safety Approvas for powder actuated fastening too: Hiti Powder Actuated Fastening toos are designed and tested according to Directive 2006/42/EC and are CIP approved. Identifications on the Hiti DX toos: 12 /

282 Introduction Corrosion 4. Corrosion For decades, Hiti is concerned about corrosion of fastening systems and has gained a ot of experience in this area based on aboratory- and fied tests. Extensive testing and research are conducted in test faciities of Hiti Corporate Research department, ocated around the word in different cimate zones. Hiti strives to provide the best possibe support to customers for seecting the right product for safe and reiabe fastening soutions. This chapter gives an overview of corrosion protection soutions for Hiti Direct Fastening eements. More detais on corrosion are described in the Hiti corrosion brochure Corrosion aspects of fastening systems Corrosion protection of direct fastening systems The use of the corrosion protection system is dependent on different infuencing parameters. Foowing tabe shows typica environmenta and appication conditions affecting the corrosion process. Humidity Humidity acceerates corrosion. Temperature Higher temperatures promote corrosion. Sats Sat acceerates corrosion. Industria poution SO2 acceerates corrosion. Gavanic corrosion Occurs when fastener is ess nobe than fixed parts. Specia appications Incude other infuencing factors, i.e. indoor swimming poos, road tunnes, chemica industry. Gavanic zinc coating A typica corrosion behavior of gavanized zinc coated fasteners is characterized by a rather homogeneous surface reduction. It begins with zinc corrosion (white rust) ti the zinc is competey removed. Corrosion of the carbon stee materia wi then take pace (red rust) /

283 Introduction Corrosion Zinc corrosion (white rust) Start of carbon stee corrosion (red rust) The amount of materia oss due to corrosion can be approximated in aboratory scae experiments. The so-caed corrosion rate is generay isted as mm/year or g/m 2 h (aboratory vaues). Hydrogen embrittement A specific corrosion phenomenon of zinc pated DX fastening eements is hydrogen embrittement, which wi transpire if three different conditions are present simutaneousy: High strength stee ( 1000 MPa) Presence of hydrogen Tensie stresses Corrosion occurs when zinc pated, high-strength fastening eement is used in wet atmosphere. During this corrosion process, hydrogen is formed and diffuses into the materia. This eads to a decrease in ductiity of the materia, eading to sudden fastener faiure even under very ow static oad. Hiti s power actuated fasteners are thoroughy tested and controed to prevent primary hydrogen embrittement during the production process. To avoid secondary hydrogen embrittement during the service ife of a fastener when instaed, the appication conditions given for each nai in this document and other Hiti Literature must be foowed /

284 Introduction Corrosion Dupex coating Dupex coating is a two ayer coating consisting of a seaer ayer with a zinc ayer beow. The seaer prevents the zinc from corrosion, so the dupex coating has got a higher corrosion protection than standard zinc pating. Stainess stee There is a wide range of different types of stainess stee, and they each have different corrosion resistance properties. A stainess stee materia used in a wrong environment can ead to pitting corrosion and, subsequenty, sudden fastener faiure. In such a situation, prediction of fastener ifetime is not possibe. Hiti power actuated fasteners are made of CR500 and materia, simiar to A4 (AISI grade 316) and, for higher corrosion requirements, HCR (1.4529) materia. The HCR (High Corrosion Resistance) materia can be used in swimming poos and in road tunnes, where A4 materia is not sufficient. Stainess stee with pitting corrosion, e.g. A4 materia used in a road tunne Suitabe stainess stee used, e.g. HCR materia used in a road tunne 4.2 Fastener seection Foowing tabe (page 305) gives a genera guideine of commony-accepted appications in typica atmospheric environments. Suitabiity of fastening systems for a specific appication can be significanty affected by ocaized conditions, incuding but not imited to: Eevated temperatures and humidity High eves of airborne poutants Direct contact with corrosive products, commony found in chemicay-treated wood, waste water or sat water, concrete additives, ceaning agents, etc /

285 Introduction Corrosion Non-atmospheric corrosion ike e.g. direct contact to soi, stagnant water Cycica wetting Eectrica current Contact with dissimiar metas Physica damage or wear Carbon stee Environmenta conditions Dry indoor Indoor with temporary condensation Outdoor, non-safety reevant 2) Outdoor, rura or urban environment with ow poution Outdoor, rura or urban en - vironment with moderate concentration of poutants and/or sat from sea water Coasta areas Stainess stee Fastener Gav. zinc Dupex CR500 or HCR coating coating (A4, AISI 316) Exampes X-ENP 1), X-U X-FCM-M X-BT, X-CR On X-GHP X-FCM-R demand Fastened part stee (zinc coated, painted), auminum, stainess stee, wood stee (zinc coated, painted), auminum, stainess stee, wood Consut experts for exceptions stee (zinc coated, painted), auminum, wood stee (zinc coated, painted) auminum, stainess stee Consut experts for exceptions stee (zinc coated, painted) Consut experts for exceptions auminum, stainess stee Consut experts for exceptions stee (zinc coated, painted), auminum, wood stee (zinc coated, painted), auminum, wood Outdoor, areas with 0-1 km heavy industria poution stee (zinc coated, painted), 0-10 m Cose distance to streets Specia appications Road tunnes, indoor swimming poos, specia appications in chemica industry auminum, wood stee (zinc coated, painted), auminum, wood Consut experts for exceptions = expected ifetime of power actuated fasteners made from this materia is typicay satisfactory in the specified environment based on the typicay expected ifetime of a buiding. The assumed service ife in ETA approvas for power actuated fasteners is 25 years. = fasteners made from this materia are not suitabe in the specified environment. Exceptions need a specific assessment. 1) Outdoor exposure for up to 6 months during construction is permissibe for high-strength eectro-gavanized siding and decking fasteners such as the X-ENP (see instructions for use for detais) 2) The reference to non-safety reevant is intended to distinguish appications where faiure of the attachment wi not create any potentia safety risks or significant damage /

286 Introduction Corrosion Remarks: The utimate decision on the required corrosion protection must be made by the customer. Hiti accepts no responsibiity regarding the suitabiity of a product for a spe ci fic appication, even if informed of the appications conditions. This tabe is based on an average service ife for typica appications. For metaic coating e.g. zinc ayer systems the end of ife time is the point where red rust is visibe over a arge percentage of the product and widespread structura deterioration can occur the initia onset of rust wi occur much sooner Nationa or internationa codes, standards or reguations, customer and/or industry specific guideines must be independenty evauated. These guideines appy to atmospheric corrosion ony. Other types of corrosion, such as crevice corrosion or stress corrosion cracking must be independenty evauated. A typica service ife of Hiti GX-WF nais in wood - wood connections is shown beow: Service Casses in accordance with EN 1995 (Eurocode 5): Type of Corrosion Protection for Hiti GX-WF wood nais (d 4mm): Service Cass 1 No Corrosion Protection Service Cass 1,2 Zinc coated Service Cass 1,2,3 HDG A2 1) A4 Dry indoor 20 to 50 years up to 50 years up to 100 years Indoor environments with temporary condensation 10 to 50 years 60 to 100 years Outdoor with ow poution 5 to 20 years 40 to 100 years Outdoor with moderate concentration of poutants 2 to 10 years 20 to 40 years Coasta areas up to 5 years 10 to 30 years Outdoor, areas with heavy industria poution up to 5 years 10 to 30 years Cose distance to streets Specia appications Specia appications Consut experts for exceptions The tabe above provides typicay assumed service ife estimations based on corrosion considerations. Other factors determining the service ife of fasteners must be evauated separatey. = expected ifetime of nais made from this materia is typicay satisfactory in the specified environment based on the typicay expected ifetime of a buiding. = nais made from this materia are not suitabe for the environment or the typica ifetime of a buiding is not achieved. 1) For nais made of A2 materia, discooration of nai heads can occur before the service ife in the tabe above is reached. To avoid this, use A4 materia /

287 Introduction Corrosion Remarks: The use of certain wood species incuding, but not imited to, Oak, Dougas-fir or Western Red Cedar, require the use of stainess stee nais, independent of Service Cass and environmenta conditions. The use of certain wood treatments incuding, but not imited to, fire retardants or preservatives can change the chemica composition of the wood and may require the use of stainess stee nais, independent of Service Cass and environmenta conditions. The evauation of corrosive environmenta conditions depends on many factors and ies within the responsibiity of the customer. The panned service ife of the buidings or structures can be considered according to oca or nationa buiding reguations and Eurocode (EN 1990) The tabe does not contain recommendations and Hiti does not assume iabiity for fastener seection based on its content. For the typica service ife, it is assumed that the nais are seected, designed, instaed and otherwise treated in accordance with Hiti s pubished iterature. Loca buiding reguations and trade rues may differ from the tabe above. The oca jurisdiction aways needs to be foowed. Wood to stee connections may require a minimum corrosion protection, independent of the environmenta conditions /

288 Introduction Stee base materia 5. Stee base materia 5.1 Anchoring mechanisms The foowing four mechanisms cause a DX- / GX-fastener to hod when driven into stee: camping keying fusing (weding) sodering These mechanisms have been identified and studied by anayzing pu-out test data and by microscopic examination of fastening cross-sections. Camping As a fastener is driven, the stee is dispaced radiay and towards both the entry and opposite surfaces. This resuts in residua pressure on the surface of the nai, which eads to friction or camping. Camping is the primary anchoring mechanism of throughpenetrating fasteners. This is indicated by the fact that when through-penetrating fasteners are extracted, the pu-out force decreases ony sowy over severa miimeters of dispacement. Keying The keying mechanism is possibe when the fastener is knured, that is, it has fine grooves aong the shank in which zinc and partices of base stee accumuate during the driving process. Microscopic examination of cross sections has shown that the grooves are not competey fied. Keying is an especiay important anchoring mechanism for fasteners that do not penetrate right through the base materia. Knuring Fastener Base stee 1 mm / 2013

289 Stee base Introduction materia Fusing (weding) Compete fusing of the fastener with the base stee is indicated by portions of base materia cinging to the extracted fastener as we as by the decarbonized zone. Fusing or weding is observed mosty at the point of a fastener where the temperature during driving can be expected to be the highest. For fasteners that do not through-penetrate, this is an important anchoring mechanism. It can be reied upon ony if the fastener point is manufactured without cracks and with an appropriate geometry. The thermo puing process is idea for achieving an optimized geom- Fastener (bainite) Decarbonized zone Base stee (ferrite, perite) 250 μm etry. Contro of a steps in the production process is necessary to avoid cracks in the point. Sodering In the zone further from the point, there is a prominent zinc ayer separating the fastener from the base stee. This zinc, sodered to the base stee, aso makes a contribution to the pu-out resistance of the fastener. Fastener Base stee Zinc ayer 250 μm Bunt-tipped fastener X-BT The X-BT fastener with a shank diameter of 4.5 mm is driven in a pre-dried 4.0 mm diameter hoe. This eads to dispacement of the base materia. Part of the base stee is punched down into the pre-dried hoe, generating high temperatures and causing friction weding. Due to easticity of the base stee, additiona camping effects are aso superposed. Dispaced base materia can be ceary seen in the photograph. Base materia adhering to the fastener shank indicates a weding effect. 12 /

290 Introduction Stee base materia 5.2 Factors infuencing pu-out resistance Powder-actuated fastening systems must be designed and manufactured to ensure that puout resistance wi be adequate for the appications intended. Through understanding of the anchoring mechanisms, experience and testing, factors that infuence pu-out strength have been identified. Some of these factors are: Depth of penetration in the base materia Surface characteristics of the fastener Coatings on the stee base materia Driving veocity Diameter of the fastener shank Knowedge of the infuencing factors is vita to the design of fastening systems and is usefu for operators in understanding the various appication guideines and restrictions that appy to a fastening system. Some of the infuencing factors are discussed in the foowing section. Depth of penetration in the base materia The depth of penetration of fasteners in stee is taken as the distance that the point traves beow the surface of the base stee, independent of the stee thickness. In other words the depth of penetration h ET can be greater than, equa to or ess than the stee thickness. Resistance to pu-out increases with increasing depth of penetration. This is aso true for through-penetrating fasteners where h ET is greater than the stee thickness. The design of a powder-actuated fastener has to take into account the depth penetration necessary to achieve the pu-out resistance required for the appication. Appication guideines pubished for any fastener incude the required nai head stand off h NVS, which corresponds to the penetration depth. Siding and decking pin X-ENP-19 L mm [0.177 ] shank diameter 23,8 hnvs het ΣtI,tot 4 mm tii Nai for X-HVB composite connector X-ENP-21 HVB 25,8 tii hnvs het / 2013

291 Stee base Introduction materia Guide vaues for the depth of penetration of specific fastener types are as foows: Gavanized fastener with knured shank: h ET = 12 to 18 mm (shank diameter 4.5 mm) h ET = 10 to 14 mm (shank diameter 3.7 mm) Gavanized fastener with knured tip: h ET = 9 to 13 mm (shank diameter 4.5 mm) Gavanized fastener with smooth shank: h ET = 15 to 25 mm Stainess stee fastener with smooth shank: h ET = 9 to 14 mm Bunt-ended fasteners: h ET = 4 to 5 mm The effect of penetration depth on pu-out strength can be demonstrated in experiments in which the driving energy is varied so as to produce varying penetration. The resuts of a test of this kind are summarized beow. The appication recommendations for fasteners are based on tests ike these and they ceary show the importance of carrying out the fastening work in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. Stee: t II = 20 mm (0.787 ) fu = 630 N/mm 2 ( psi) Too: DX 76 / DX 76PTR and DX 860-ENP Fastener: X-ENP-19 L15 o 7.4 [0.291"] 6 [kips] 5 [kips] o 4.5 [0.177"] yeow o 15 [0.591"] 23.8 [0.938"] Puout oad [kn] 4 [kips] 3 [kips] 2 [kips] 1 [kips] Depth of penetration [mm] 12 /

292 Introduction Stee base materia Knuring on the fastener shank Fasteners for use in stee base materia usuay have knuring on the shank so as to improve the resistance to pu-out. The effect of the knuring was shown in a test with fasteners that had knured and unknured shanks, but were otherwise the same. The benefit of knuring is ceary seen from the test resuts. With virtuay the same penetration (actuay 106%), the smoothshank fastener had ony 68% of the pu-out strength of the knured-shank type. Even with the penetration increased to 137%, the pu-out strength was sti ony 81% of that of the knured-shank fastener. In this test, the stee thickness of 10 mm (0.394 ) aowed through penetration of the stee. If the stee is too thick for through penetration, the beneficia effect of knuring becomes even more pronounced. % Smooth shank Knured shank Zinc coating on the fastener shank Zinc on a fastener shank appears to act as a ubricant that reduces its resistance to penetration into stee. Reduced pu-out strength resuts because the ower resistance means ess heat is generated, thus reducing the weding effect between the shank and the base stee. This was shown in an experiment with fasteners that were identica except for the thickness of zinc coating. Stee base materia: t II = 20 mm [0.787 ], f u = 440 MPa [63,817 psi] Zinc Average penetration Average utimate pu-out oad Variation thickness h ET N u,m CV in mm mm / [in.] % kn / [kip] % % ca [0.477] / [1.918] [0.470] / [2.882} Athough driving the fastener through sheet meta, as is the case when fastening siding and decking, reduces the negative effect of zinc coating on pu-out strength, the reason for tighty controing the gavanization process is cear / 2013

293 Stee base Introduction materia Surface of the stee base materia Corrosion protection of structura stee is often achieved by hot-dip gavanizing. Tests have shown that if the fastener penetrates right through the stee, the gavanizing has no significant effect on pu-out strength. In the case of fasteners that do not through-penetrate, pu-out strength is reduced by about 25%. The summary of resuts from one test is shown beow to iustrate these effects. Average utimate pu-out oads Stee thickness 6 mm [0.236 ] Stee thickness 20 mm [0.787 ] kn kn Surface number Utimate tensie strength of stee : Surface of the stee : Surface number f u = 430 MPa [62,366 psi] 1. Rough with some sag and rust (reference) 2. Sandbasted 3. Picked + hot-dip gavanized (min. 60 µm zinc) Severa important observations can be made based on these resuts: Pu-out oads in 6 mm ( 1 / 4 ) stee base materia are much ess affected by the surface condition of the stee than they are in 20 mm ( 3 / 4 ) stee. The reason is that the main anchoring mechanism of through-penetration fastenings is camping, which is not affected by the surface condition of the stee. Hot-dip gavanizing appears to reduce the pu-out strength of non-through-penetrating fastenings by neary 30%. Note, however, that even with hot-dip gavanizing, the pu-out strength was sti 12.5 kn (2.8 kips). The negative effect of hot-dip gavanizing is expained by the tendency of zinc on the fastener to act as a ubricant that reduces heat generation during driving. This in turn reduces the tendency of the fastener point to fuse to the base stee. Zinc from the coating on the base stee apparenty becomes attached to the fastener as it enters the base stee. For appications where tensie strength of the fastening is critica and the stee has a heavy coating, the fastening system can be quaified by carrying out pu-out tests on site. If puout strength is not adequate, depth of penetration can be increased to improve the situation. 12 /

294 Introduction Stee base materia Tensie stress in the stee The integrity of a powder-actuated fastening is dependent on a reativey smooth pin remaining anchored in structura stee. A arge amount of test data, technica assessments, approvas and practica experience with powder actuated fastenings is avaiabe to support use of powder-actuated fastening. Performance of fasteners anchored in the stee under tension was investigated by driving fasteners into unstressed stee pates and extracting them with the pates stressed in tension. The stee pates measured mm [ ] and possessed two different yied stresses MPa [47.7 ksi] and MPa [59.7 ksi]. By expressing the stee stress in terms of % of actua yied, it was possibe to combine the data for both stee grades and obtain a reasonabe curve fit. Of significance to the designer is the expected decrease in pu-out strength of the fastener at a typica maximum aowabe design stress of 60 to 70% of yied. At this stress, the pu-out strength reduction is ess than 15%. The absoute vaue in the experiment was sti greater than 2 tons. 30 Pu-out oad (kn) Stress in stee (% of yied) / 2013

295 Stee base Introduction materia Compressive stress in the stee Compressive stress in the base stee has no infuence on the pu-out strength of the fastener. This was demonstrated by pacing fasteners in unstressed 15 mm [0.59 ] thick stee pates having a yied strength of MPa [37.6 ksi] and extracting them whie the pates were compressed in a testing machine. The minima variation in pu-out oad is simpy random variation experienced in testing. 25 Pu-out oad (kn) ki ps Stress in stee (% of yied) 5.3 Suitabiity of the stee for fastening There are three main factors determining the suitabiity of a construction grade stee member for DX fastening: Stee thickness Utimate tensie strength Fexibiity of the base stee member 12 /

296 Introduction Stee base materia 5.4 Appication imit diagrams The appication imit of a fastening system is a term appied to a combination of the maximum thickness t II and utimate tensie strength f u of stee in which fastenings can be made. There are two genera types of appication imit diagrams: Short fasteners (e.g. siding and decking nais and threaded studs) Long fasteners (e.g. nais used to fasten wood to stee) The appication imit ine for a short fastener is a pot of stee thickness versus utimate tensie strength. In situations represented by stee thickness / utimate tensie strength combinations above and to the right of the ine, some of the fasteners may shear off during driving. The faiure surface wi be roughy at a 45 ange to the shank ength ksi Stee thickness, t (mm) " 3/4" 1/2" fu (N/mm 2 ) 1/4" The appication imit ines for ong nais used to fasten wood to stee are pots of nai shank ength L s versus stee thickness t II. Each ine is vaid ony for one utimate tensie strength of stee f u. Attempts at working to the right of the imit ine resut in bucked nai shanks Shank ength, LS [mm] Stee thickness, tii [mm] / 2013

297 Stee base Introduction materia 5.5 Thin stee base materia In the context of powder-actuated fastening, stee is considered thin when fange deformation during driving dominates fastener design. When the stee fange is thinner than about 6 mm [0.25 ], fange deformation makes use of fasteners with a 4.5 mm [0.177 ] shank diameter more difficut and switching to a 3.7 mm [0.145 ] shank fastener eads to better resuts. Use of fasteners with tapered shanks and energy-absorbing washers improves performance and reiabiity. A fastener can penetrate into stee ony when the stee (fange) deveops a resistance greater than the force required for penetration. This impies the use of energy in excess of that required for penetrating into the stee. In fact, if the driving energy remains constant, fasteners paced cosest to the web wi be driven deepest. A siding and decking fasteners shoud have a mechanism to camp the sheets down tighty over the entire range of aowabe standoffs. This is especiay critica for fasteners used for fastening to thin stee. Obviousy, under shear oading, faiure of the base materia is more ikey with thin stee than with thick stee. When approving fastening systems for a project, it is important to consider whether the system has actuay been tested with thin base stee or not. Hiti s genera recommendation for thin base stee fasteners is to pace the fastenings within b x = 8 t II of the web. bx t 12 /

298 Introduction Stee base materia 5.6 Types of oad and modes of faiure Shear oads The shear oads acting on siding and decking fasteners come from: Diaphragm action of the fastened sheets Forces of constraint (for exampe due to temperature changes) Sef-weight of siding materia Testing Shear testing of siding and decking fastenings is done using specimens made up of a strip of sheet meta fastened to a stee pate. Suitabe, non-sip fixtures have to be used at either end. In some cases specimens are bent up at the sides to hinder eccentricity. Faiure of the fastened materia The oad-deformation curves of shear tests with powder-actuated fasteners show a neary idea behavior. After an initia eastic phase during which the camping force of the washers against the sheet meta is overcome, the sheet meta reaches its yied stress in an area where the fastener bears against it. Then the fastener shank cuts through the sheet meta unti the end of the sheet is reached. The arge area under the oad-deformation curve represents energy absorbed, and this is what makes the fastening method idea for diaphragms / 2013

299 Stee base Introduction materia Faiure of the base stee If the thickness of the fastened sheet meta is arge compared to the base stee thickness, bearing faiure of the base materia is a possibe mode of faiure. Pu-out from the base stee The unavoidabe eccentricity in the shear test specimen eads to a tensie oad component on the fastener. Thick fastened materia and thin base materia is aso invoved in this mode of faiure. This faiure mode is generay not governing for base materia thickness of t I > 6 mm. Fracture of the fastener About 20 kn (4.5 kips) of force is required to shear the Ø 4.5 mm (0.177 ) shank of an X-ENP-19 L15 fastener. With about 2.5 mm (12 gauge) thick stee sheet as fastened materia, a force of this magnitude coud be possibe. The force needed to break a Ø 3.7 mm (0.145 ) shank of an X-EDNK22 THQ12 fastener is about 13 kn (2.9 kips). This force can be generated with 1.5 mm (16 gauge) sheet stee. In practice, this faiure mode is ikey ony where expansion joints are not provided to reieve forces of constraint from temperature differences Tensie oads The most common source of tensie oading on siding and decking fasteners comes from wind suction acting on the roof or wa cadding. In diaphragms, fasteners can be subject to tensie oads in situations where the combination of geometry and thickness of decking fastened eads to prying. In designs with very stiff decking and wide beams or unbaanced spans, prying can aso be caused by concentrated oads. 12 /

300 Introduction Stee base materia Testing Tensie testing of siding and decking fastenings is carried out using specimens made up of a trapezoida-shaped piece of sheet meta fastened to a stee pate. Suitabe, vice-ike fixtures are used to grip the specimen. This is often referred to as a pu-over test because the common faiure mode is the sheet puing over the washers or the head of the fastener. If the sheet thickness fastened is increased so that pu-over does not govern, pu-out wi be the faiure mode. Some fasteners ike the Hiti X-ENP have a head that can be gripped and pued out by a suitabe fixture. With these fasteners, a pu-out test can sti be done even if pu-over is the origina mode of faiure. This fastener type has the further advantage of aowing in-pace fasteners on a jobsite to be tested t fix 4. t fix h h Pu-over test specimen Pu-over test specimen with 3 extra ayers to simuate end ap side ap Test setup Sheet pu-over In this faiure mode, the sheet tears and is ifted up over the fastener head and washers. Depending on the sheet thickness and tensie strength, the washers may be bent up. Washer pu-over Another possibe faiure mode is that of the washers being pued up over the head of the nai. Obviousy, this happens when the sheet is somewhat stronger and /or thicker than when sheet pu-over occurs. This faiure mode is aso heaviy dependent on fastener design / 2013

301 Stee base Introduction materia Pu-over test specimen at test start Sheet pu-over Washer pu-over Pu-out from the base stee As sheet thickness and number of ayers is increased, this faiure mode becomes more ikey. For a propery driven X-ENP-19 L15 pu-out from the base stee is not a ikey mode of faiure. The head and washer design of the HSN24 or X-EDNK22 THQ12 fasteners can aow this faiure mode, especiay with mutipe ayers of sheets. Fracture of the fastener A force of more than 30 kn [6.7 kips] is required to break the Ø 4.5 mm [0.177 ] shank of an X-ENP-19 L15 fastener and, even if sheet or washer pu-over does not govern, pu-out strengths of this magnitude are not very common. This mode of faiure wi therefore hardy ever occur with these heavy-duty fasteners. The Ø 3.7 mm [0.145 ] shank of an X-HSN 24 or X-EDNK22 THQ12 fastener may break at about 20 kn [4.5 kips] tension. Since these smaer fasteners wi pu out at a force of 8 to 15 kn [ kips], fractures due to tensie oads are rare. If fractured fasteners of this type are found on a jobsite, the most ikey cause is that the appication imit has been exceeded (the base stee is too hard and/or too thick for the pin). Cycic oading Siding and decking nais used in wa and roof construction are subject to cycic oading from wind suction. Cycic oad testing is carried out to determine characteristic resistance and aowabe (recommended) oads. The approva requirements of the European Technica Approva ETA prepared by DIBt (Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik) govern the designreevant number of oad repetitions (5,000) and the necessary safety factors. Notes in this regard are found on the corresponding product data sheets. If the fastener wi be subjected to a arge number of oad repetitions and fatigue, we recommend carrying out a design check according to the requirements of Eurocode 3 (or simiar 12 /

302 Introduction Stee base materia code). Eurocode 3 gives the characteristic fatigue resistance and safety concept for stee construction. To carry out the check according to Eurocode 3 it is necessary to have a statistica anaysis of test data obtained under the appication conditions. Except for siding and decking fasteners, the appicabe product data sheets imit the vaidity of recommended oads to predominanty static oading. If a design anaysis has to be carried out for true fatigue oading, test data can be obtained from Hiti. Exampes of such data are shown beow. X-EM (standard zinc-pated fastener) The X-EM has a shank diameter of 4.5 mm and a hardness of HRC 55.5 (f u = 2,000 MPa). The ΔF-N diagram shows the oad range ΔF for a ower oad of 0.05 kn. The individua test resuts are dispayed as points and the curves show average and characteristic (95% surviva probabiity) vaues. The faiure mode was shank fracture or fracture in the M8 threading. The recommended oad for predominanty static oading is 2.4 kn. Comparing this vaue to the ΔF-N diagram wi ead to the concusion that X-EM fastenings designed for 2.4 kn static oading wi survive a arge number of oad repetitions. The fastenings can be said to be robust, even when the actua oading turns out to be in part cycic. Load range [kn] Load range (kn) Mean vaue (kn) 0.5 Characteristic vaue (kn) E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 Number of Cyces (LS) / 2013

303 Stee base Introduction materia X-CRM (stainess stee fastener) The X-CRM has a shank diameter of 4.0 mm and a minimum utimate tensie strength of 1,850 MPa. The ΔF-N diagram shows the oad range ΔF for a ower oad of 0.05 kn. The individua test resuts are dispayed as points. The faiure mode was shank fracture or fracture just beow the head of the stud. The recommended oad for predominanty static oading is 1.8 kn. Comparing this vaue to the ΔF-N diagram wi ead to the concusion that X-CRM fastenings designed for 1.8 kn static oading wi survive a arge number of oad repetitions. The fastenings can be said to be robust, even when the actua oading turns out to be in part cycic. Load range [kn] S-N diagram, X-CR M Load range Number of oad repetitions (LS) Mode of faiure under cycic oading A major finding of cycic oading tests is that the strength of a DX fastening subject to cycic oading is not imited by faiure of the anchorage. It is ony when the number of cyces is very ow i.e. predominanty static oading that nai pu-out is observed. The two schematic diagrams beow show the reationship between faiure mode and number of cyces. A tests show that the anchorage of DX fasteners in stee and in concrete is extremey robust with regard to resisting cycic oading. Fasteners subject to a arge number of oad repetitions fracture in the shank, head or threading. A condition for obtaining this behaviour is that the fasteners are correcty driven. Fasteners that are not driven deepy enough exhibit ow pu-out strength and in a cycic oading test may not necessariy fai by fracture. 12 /

304 Introduction Stee base materia Effect of number of cyces on faiure mode DX fastener in stee (correcty paced) Effect of number of cyces on faiure mode DX fastener in stee (incorrecty paced) Load range Fastener pu-out Fastener fracture Load range Fastener pu-out Fastener fracture Number of oad cyces Number of oad cyces In oder product information and data sheets, this basic suitabiity of DX fasteners for cycic oading was emphasized by defining the recommended oads as cycic recommended oads. At the time that this product information was assembed, a true safety concept for a strict check of DX fastenings subject to fatigue oading was not avaiabe. With Eurocode 3, this is today avaiabe. If a fatigue design anaysis is carried out, it is important as with static design that adequate redundancy be provided. Faiure of the sheet In cycic oad tests, faiure of the stee sheet itsef is common / 2013

305 Stee base Introduction materia 5.7 Effect of fasteners on structura stee Driving powder- or gas-actuated fasteners into a stee member does not remove stee from the cross-section, but rather dispaces stee within the cross-section. It is therefore not surprising that tests ike those described in foowing sections show that both dried hoes and screws, either sef-driing or sef-tapping, reduce the strength of a cross-section more than powder-actuated fasteners. The resuts of the tests can aso be used to show that it is conservative to consider a powder-actuated fastener as a hoe. This aows the effect of fasteners in a stee member subject to static oading to be taken into consideration. Fatigue sedom needs to be considered in buiding design because the oad changes are usuay minor in frequency and magnitude. Fu design wind and earthquake oading is so infrequent that consideration of fatigue is not required. However, fatigue may have to be considered in the design of crane runways, machinery supports, etc. The S-N curves resuting from fatigue tests of stee specimens with fasteners instaed are aso presented Effect on the stress-strain behaviour of structura stee The effect that powder-actuated fasteners (PAF s) have on the stress-strain behaviour of structura stee was investigated in a systematic test programme using tensie test specimens containing PAF s, sef-driing screws and dried hoes. A contro test was carried out using specimens without any hoes or fasteners. Series A: ASTM 607, grade 50 Cross-section 3.42 x 74 mm [0.135 x ] X-EDNK22 powder-actuated fasteners, shank diameter 3.7 mm [0.145 ] Dried hoes, diameter 3.7 mm [0.145 ] Sef-driing screws, shank diameter 5.5 mm [0.216 ] Series B: S235 and S355 stee Cross-section 6 x 45 mm [0.236 x ] Powder-actuated fasteners, shank diameter 4.5 mm [0.177 ] Dried hoes, diameter 4.5 mm [0.177 ] 12 /

306 Introduction Stee base materia The figures beow show representative stress-strain curves for the tests (the potted stress is based on the gross cross-section). Note that the ine for the powder-actuated fasteners foows the contro test ine more cosey than the ines for dried hoes or sef-driing screws. Series A Stress [N/mm 2 ] % cross-section reduction % cross-section reduction ASTM 607, Grade 50 Contro Test Sefdriing Screws Hiti PAFs Dried Hoes Series B Stress [N/mm 2 ] S Contro Test 200 Hiti PAFs 150 Dried Hoes Strain [%] LOAD _DEFORMATION_SERIES_A Strain [%] LOAD _DEFORMATION_SERIES_B The test resuts were evauated in terms of utiization as a measure of utimate strength. Utiization is the utimate oad of a sampe expressed as a percent of the utimate oad of the contro test. Series A Series B Utimate Tensie Strength American Grade 50 Stee X-EDNK Utimate Tensie Strength S235 and S355 ENP2, S235 Utiization [%] 98 "PAF - Hoes" 96 Dried Hoes Sefdriing 90 Screws Reduction of Cross Section [%] Reduction of Cross Section [%] Utiization [%] X-EM10, S235 X-CRM8, S235 Dried Hoes, S235 ENP2, S355 Dried Hoes, S355 Graphs of the utiization versus cross-section reductions show that: The utiization for PAFs is ceary better than that of dried hoes or sef-driing screws. The hoe eft by a removed PAF has the same effect as when the PAF is eft in pace. Increasing the number of PAFs across a section from one to two or more has a proportionay smaer effect on utiization than pacement of the first fastener / 2013

307 Stee base Introduction materia More detaied information on the test program and findings is pubished in the paper Powder-actuated fasteners in stee construction (and the referenced iterature), pubished in the STAHLBAU-Kaender 2011 (Pubisher Ernst & Sohn, 2011, ISBN ). Engish Reprints of the paper can be distributed per request Effect on the fatigue strength of structura stee During the ate 1970s and eary 1980s, a fatigue testing program consisting of 58 tests with over 1,100 specimens was carried out at the University of Darmstadt in Germany. The reason for the research at that time was to support the use of powder-actuated fasteners for attaching noise-dampening cadding to raiway bridges in Germany. Parameters investigated in those tests are shown in foowing tabe: Stee grade Stee thicknesses Stress ratio R Imperfections S 235 (St 37) / 6, 10, 15, 20, 0.8, 0.5, 0.14, Fastener: A , 40, 50 mm -1.0, instaed and pued out, S 355 (St 52) / [0.236, 0.394, 0.591, - incined instaation and pued out grade , 1.575, ] - incined instaation Loading conditions The terminoogy and notation is shown in the iustration beow. σ max = maximum stress σ min = minimum stress σ mean = mean stress σ a = stress ampitude Δσ (or σ min S B ) = stress range R = σ max = stress ratio N = number of cyces 12 /

308 Introduction Stee base materia Fasteners tested The primary fastener used in the tests was the Hiti ENP3-21 L15, the forerunner of the ENP2-21 L15. The difference is in the head shape, which has no effect on interaction with the base stee. Tests were aso performed with the ENP2-21 L15, ENP3-21 D12 and the EM threaded stud, a of which have 4.5 mm diameter knured shanks. ENP3-21 L15 ENP2-21 L15 ENP3-21 D12 EM P8 The resuts of the tests were evauated by Niessner and Prof. T. Seeger from the University of Darmstadt in accordance with the provisions of Eurocode 3. An exampe pot of one test series is given at the right. The graph aows for a comparison with European fatigue categories 90 (m = 3) and 100 (m = 5) as we as American categories according to AWS-provisions. Stress Range [ksi] Effekt of Hiti PAFs on Fatigue Strength of Structura Stee Comparison of Fatigue Test Data with AWS S-N curves Cyce Life Concusions The effect of driving a Hiti powder-actuated fastener on the fatigue strength is we known and predictabe. The constructiona detai Effect of powder-actuated fasteners on base materia (unaoyed carbon stee) was evauated by Niessner and Seeger from the University of Darmstadt in compiance with Eurocode 3. The EC 3 detai category 90 with m = 3 or the detai category 100 with m = 5 is aternativey appicabe. Wrong fastener instaations as popped out or incined fasteners are covered. Piston marks in the base materia due to wrong use of the too without a fastener or notches due to fasteners faied during the instaation have to be removed by appropriate measures. Stress Range [N/mm 2 ] / 2013

309 Stee base Introduction materia More detaied information on the evauation of the test data and the test program is pubished in the paper Fatigue strength of structura stee with powder-actuated fasteners according to Eurocode 3 by Niessner M. and Seeger T. (Stahbau 68, 1999, issue 11, pp ). Engish reprints of this paper can be distributed per request. 12 /

310 Introduction Concrete base materia 6. Concrete base materia 6.1 Anchoring mechanisms The foowing three mechanisms cause a DX-/GX-fastener to hod in concrete: Bonding / sintering Keying Camping These mechanisms have been identified and studied by anayzing pu-out test data and by microscopic examination of pued-out fasteners and the concrete to fastener interface. Bonding / sintering When driving a fastener into concrete, the concrete is compacted. The intense heat generated during driving causes concrete to be sintered onto the fastener. The strength of this sintered bond is actuay greater than that of the camping effect due to reactive forces of the concrete on the fastener. The existence of the sintered bond is demonstrated by examining pued-out fasteners. The fastener surface, especiay in the region of the point, is rough due to sinteredon concrete, which can ony be removed by using a grinding too. When performing pu-out tests, the most common faiure mode is breakage of the sintered bond between the concrete and the fastener, especiay at and near the point. Sintered point Keying The sintered materia forms ridges on the fastener surface. These ridges resut in a micro-interocking of the fastener and the concrete. This anchoring mechanism is studied by examining pued-out fasteners under a microscope. As in the case of sintering, keying is primariy active in the region of the fastener point. Mechanicay ceaned point of a pued-out DX fastener / 2013

311 Concrete base Introduction materia Camping The compressibiity of concrete imits the buidup of compressive stress around the driven fastener. This in turn imits the effectiveness of camping as an anchoring mechanism. The tendency of stressed concrete to reax further reduces the compressive stress and hence the camping effect. For these reasons, camping of the fastener shank contributes ony insignificanty to the tota pu-out strength. Concrete faiure Concrete cone faiure is occasionay observed when using a testing device with widey spaced supports. The fact that the concrete faied indicates that the fastener bond to the concrete was stronger than the concrete. 12 /

312 Introduction Concrete base materia 6.2 Factors infuencing resistance to pu-out Factors that can affect the pu-out strength of fastenings to concrete incude: Depth of penetration into the concrete Concrete parameter (compressive strength, grain structure, direction of concrete pacement) Distance to concrete edge and fastener spacing Depth of penetration h ET Fasteners that are driven deeper typicay have a higher resistance to pu-out. This reation is best shown by pacing groups of fasteners with different driving energy and comparing the resuts for each group with the others. The resut of such a test is shown in the graph at the right. Note that fastener driving faiures were not considered in cacuation of the average utimate oad, N u,m. Mean utimate puout N u,m [kn] Depth of penetration h ET [mm] The vaue of increasing the depth of penetration in order to increase pu-out strength is imited by the increasing fastener driving faiure rate. Provided that the penetration depth is the same, fastenings in concrete with a higher compressive strength hod better than fastenings in ower strength concrete. The abiity to expoit this characteristic is aso imited by increased fastener driving faiure rate with higher strength concrete. As coud be expected, the depth of penetration at which the faiure rate is at a minimum decreases with increasing concrete strength. Pu-out strength and fastener driving faiure rate both increase with increasing penetration depth. The optimum depth of penetration is taken as the depth at which the yied in terms of pu-out strength begins to decrease. This is within a range of mm depending on the grade and age of the concrete as we as the strength of the fastener. yied u,m Average utimate pu-out N u,m [kn] Optima depth 0f penetration Faiure rate, p (%) Depth of penetration h ET [mm] / 2013

313 Concrete base Introduction materia Concrete parameters The concrete parameters (such as the type and size of concrete aggregates, type of cement and the ocation on top or bottom surface of a concrete foor) do affect the fastener driving faiure rate, sometimes significanty. Fastener driving faiures are caused by the fastener hitting a hard aggregate, such as granite, ocated cose to the concrete surface. A hard aggregate can defect the fastener and in a severe case, the fastener may bend excessivey, eading to concrete fracture in a cone shape and no hod being obtained by the fastener. In case of sight fastener bending, concrete spaing may occur at the surface. However, because pu-out strength is obtained mosty in the area of the fastener point, concrete spaing does not affect the permissibe oad of the DX-/ GX-fastening. Softer aggregates such as imestone, sandstone or marbe may be competey penetrated when hit by the fastener. Overhead fastening is usuay associated with a higher rate of fastener driving faiure than foor fastening. This is due to the distribution of the aggregates within the concrete. Large aggregates tend to accumuate at the bottom of a foor sab. At the top, there is a greater concentration of sma aggregates and fines. Top side Concrete pacement Bottom side 12 /

314 Introduction Concrete base materia There are severa possibe ways of reducing the faiure rate when powder-actuated fasteners are used for fastening to concrete. There are two basic ideas: one is to reduce concrete tensie stresses near the surface and the other is to deay the effect of these stresses. Pre-driing the concrete (DX-Kwik) By pre-driing a very sma hoe (5mm diameter, 18 or 23 mm deep), the stresses are reocated to greater depth in the concrete. Fasteners paced with DX-Kwik are surrounded by a stress bub ocated deep in the concrete. With this method, virtuay no fastener driving faiures occur. Spa stop fastener guide A spa stop is a heavy stee fastener guide. Its weight and inertia counteract the stresses at the surface for a very short time. This aows redistribution of the stresses to other parts of the concrete. Changing from a ong to a short fastener reduces the magnitude of the stresses and thus the rate of fastener driving faiure / 2013

315 Concrete base Introduction materia Edge distance and fastener spacing If fasteners are paced too cose to the concrete edge, pu-out oad capacity wi be reduced. Minimum edge distances are therefore pubished with a view to reducing the effect edges have on pu-out strength. The corresponding data has been obtained from tests and anaysis and is given in part 2 of this manua. Additiona provision is made for fastener spacing when positioned in pairs or where fasteners are paced in rows aong a concrete edge. These edge distances and spacing aso have the purpose of heping to prevent concrete spaing and/or cracking due to fastening. However, spaing has generay ony an insignificant infuence on pu-out strength. Puout strength (kn) mm shank diameter B15/55 minimum Edge distance (mm) 6.3 Effect of time on pu-out resistance The effect of age on pu-out strength has been investigated in comprehensive tests. The main concern is, in fact, the effect of concrete reaxation in the area around the driven fastener. This graph provides an overview of tests performed with DX-Kwik fasteners. Since standard DX fastenings have the same anchoring mechanism, this statement is aso vaid for standard DX fastenings. The test resuts indicate very strongy that reaxation of the concrete has no detrimenta effect on the pu-out resistance of DX fastenings. The test data aso shows that sintering and keying are the dominant anchorage mechanisms because they do not rey on friction between the fastener and the concrete. Nu,m [kn] Time [years] 12 /

316 Introduction Concrete base materia 6.4 Effect on concrete components Fastenings in the compression zone of the structure have no effect on concrete compressive resistance as ong as detaied provisions on edge distance and spacing are compied with. Fastenings in the tensie zone are subject to the foowing provisions: a. Instaations on pain oad-bearing components such as concrete was or ceiings are generay possibe without restrictions as the oad-bearing behaviour of these components is ony negigiby affected by the fasteners. The predominant condition is static oading. This statement is based on experimenta investigations carried out at the Technica University of Braunschweig, Germany. If the concrete is too thin, concrete wi spa off on the rear surface. The minimum thickness of concrete depends on the shank diameter of the fastener used. b. Fastenings in reinforced concrete beams: it has to be ensured that the main reinforcement stee wi not be hit or penetrated by the DX fasteners. This measure of precaution is mainy founded on the reduction of the utimate strain of the stee reinforcement. Exceptions are possibe when the structura engineer responsibe for design is consuted. c. Fastenings in pre-stressed concrete members: it has to be ensured that the pre-stressing stee reinforcement or cabes wi not be hit or penetrated by the DX fasteners. Fastener shank Minimum concrete diameter thickness dnom (mm) hmin (mm) / / 2013

317 Masonry base Introduction materia 7. Masonry base materia 7.1 Genera suitabiity Direct fastening technoogy can aso be used on masonry. The joints between bricks or bocks and the covering paster ayer on virtuay a types of masonry (exception for ightweight aerated concrete bocks) provide an exceent substrate for ight-duty and secondary fastenings. Suitabiity tabe: DX fastening on masonry Masonry materia Unpastered masonry Pastered masonry Fastenings Fastenings Fastening in mortar joints* in masonry in paster (joint width 10 mm) bocks or bricks (thickness 20 mm) Cay brick soid vertica perforated horizontay perforated Cay cinker soid vertica perforated Sand-ime bock soid perforated hoow Aerated concrete Lightweight concrete soid hoow Hoow concrete Sag aggregate soid ++ perforated hoow suitabe + imited suitabiity not fuy investigated not suitabe *) Joints must be competey fied with mortar The above tabe is based on aboratory and fied experience. Because of the wide variety of types and forms of masonry in use wordwide, users are advised to carry out tests on site or on masonry of the type and form on which the fastenings are to be made. 12 /

318 Introduction Temperature effects 8. Temperature effects on the fastening 8.1 Effect of ow temperatures on fasteners Stee tends to become more britte with tures during service. Exampes of situations where the fastenings are exposed to decreasing temperature. Increased deveopment of natura resources in Arctic extremey ow temperatures during their regions has ed to the introduction of stees service ife are: that are ess susceptibe to britte faiure Fastenings securing cadding in singeskin construction at subzero temperatures. Most siding and decking fasteners are used to fasten the Construction sites eft unfinished over a iner sheets of an insuated structure and winter are not exposed to extremey ow tempera- Liner sheets in a cod-storage warehouse Low temperature embrittement The susceptibiity of fasteners to become britte at ow temperatures can be shown by conducting impact bending tests over a chosen temperature range. The abiity of Hiti drive pins to remain ductie over a temperature range from +20 C to 60 C is shown ceary by the fact that the impact energy required remains neary constant throughout this temperature range. Impact bending test - DSH57 (4.5 mm diameter, HRC 58 ± 1) Temperature Impact energy (foot-pounds) Impact energy (Joues) F C minimum maximum mean minimum maximum mean >36.1 > >48.9 > > > > > Impact bending test - X-CR (4.0 mm diameter) Temperature Impact energy (foot-pounds) Impact energy (Joues) F C minimum maximum mean minimum maximum mean / 2013

319 Temperature Introduction effects Impact bending test - X-CR (3.7 mm diameter) Temperature Impact energy (foot-pounds) Impact energy (Joues) F C minimum maximum mean minimum maximum mean Tests conducted according to DIN EN parts 1 4 Distance between supports = 22 mm The symbo > indicates no breakage of the specimens. In the other cases, about 50% of the specimens suffered breakage. 8.2 Effect of ow temperatures on fastenings to stee Effect of ow temperatures on pu-out strength Tests show that very ow temperatures tend to increase pu-out strength with both standard zinc-pated fasteners and with the stainess stee. The resuts of two tests are summarized beow. The fasteners were driven at room temperature and tested at 40 C to 70 C. A contro sampe was tested at 20 C. Expanations for the greater strength at ow temperatures incude increase in the strength of the zinc that is dispaced into the knuring as we as increased strength of the fusing at the point of the fastener. Base stee: S355K2G3 h = 25 mm f y = 402 MPa f u = 538 MPa Fastened materia: sheet stee, 2 x 1 mm Too: DX 750 Fastener: o 7.4 [0.291"] o 4.5 [0.177"] geb yeow jaune amario o 15 [0.591"] 25.8 [1.016"] ENPH2-21 L15 Puout oad [kn] N5% Nu,m 12 /

320 Introduction Temperature effects Base stee : h = 20 mm f u = 450 MPa Fastened materia : none Too : DX 750 G Fastener : X-CRM FP10 M8 o 4 o10 Puout oad [kn] ca ca ,5 30 N5% Nu,m Two facts stand out from this testing: Pu-out strength increased as temperature decreased Pu-out from the base stee was the ony mode of faiure observed. There were no fractures! / 2013

321 Temperature Introduction effects 8.3 Fire rating of fastenings to stee Standard zinc-pated, thermay hardened stee fasteners When subjected to high temperatures as in a fire, both powder-actuated fasteners and structura stee ose strength. Data for standard zinc-pated, thermay hardened fasteners and structura stee are potted in the graph beow. % of vaue at 20 C [68 F] T [ F] vu of DX fastener fu of DX fastener E of structura stee fy of structura stee T [ C] Up to about 300 C [572 F], the strength oss for DX fasteners is roughy proportiona to the yied strength oss of structura stee. At 600 C [1112 F], DX fasteners have about 12% of their 20 C [68 F] strength eft and structura stee about 26%. Since DX fasteners obtain their high strength through a therma hardening process, the oss in strength at eevated temperatures is proportionay greater than for structura stee. The reevance of different strength osses has to be evauated in the context of the proportion of the materia strengths that are actuay expoited in a design. In a design cacuation, it is conceivabe that some stee wi actuay reach yied stress. The materia strengths of an X-ENP-19 L15 fastener is 30 kn [6.74 kips] in tension and 18.6 kn [4.18 kips] in shear respectivey. The recommended working oad in tension and shear for an X-ENP-19 L15 16 gauge (1.5 mm) fastening is 4.7 kn [1.057 kips] in tension and 4.6 kn [1.034 kips] in shear, respectivey. Thus, the expoitation of the X-ENP-19 L15 strength at about 600 C is ony 16 to 25% compared to about 74% for structura stee. In a fire, powder-actuated fastenings wi not be the governing factor. If the fire protection requirements permit the use of structura stee, then powder-actuated fastening can aso be used without negative impact on fire protection. 12 /

322 Introduction Temperature effects CR500 stainess stee fasteners Hiti X-CR/X-CRM fasteners are much more resistant to oss of strength at high temperatures than standard fasteners. The effect of temperature on utimate shear stress of X-CR/X-CRM/X-BT fasteners was determined in singe ap joint shear tests by the EMPA Swiss Federa Laboratory for Materias Testing and Research (EMPA). The resuts are potted in the diagram beow. This test was done by shearing 4.5 mm diameter fasteners that were inserted in stee pates with 4.6 mm diameter dried hoes. JTIMC Utimate shear stress [MPa] Utimate shear stress [MPa] Temperature [ C] In Japan, simiar tests were carried out by JTICM (Japan). These tests were done by driving a 4.5 mm diameter X-CR nai through a 6 mm stee pate into a second 6 mm thick stee pate and shearing the two pates. From the graph it is apparent that the resuts are neary the same. Temperature [ C] At 600 C, the CR500 materia has 64% of its 20 C shear strength eft. By comparison, standard fasteners have ony 12% and structura stee ony about 26%. The exceent fire resistance of the CR500 materia aone justifies its use for some appications / 2013

323 Temperature Introduction effects 8.4 Fire rating of fastenings to concrete Concrete is weakened and damaged by fire but not as quicky as stee. In ISO-standard fire tests conducted with DX-Kwik fastenings at the Braunschweig Technica University in Germany the ony faiure mode was fracture of the nais. The actua test data are shown in the tabe beow: X-DKH 48 P8S15 DX-Kwik fastener, 4.0 shank Tested Tensie oad, Fire resistance/ Faiure mode in crack width F time to faiure ΔW (mm) (N) (minutes) Nai fracture Nai fracture Nai fracture Nai fracture Washer puover Nai fracture Nai fracture The stress in the fasteners at faiure was cacuated and potted so that a pot of stress versus time resuted. The characteristic faiure stress curve from the previous graph can be used to cacuate the faiure oad for various shank diameters with exposure to fire of different engths of time. The cacuated faiure oads for 3.7, 4.0 and 4.5 mm shank diameter fasteners after 60, 90 and 120 minutes exposure to fire are shown in the tabe beow. Stress in fastener [MPa] Fire resistance of DX-Kwik fasteners Characteristic faiure stress Time to faiure [minutes] 12 /