LOR-200/220. User s Manual

Transcription

1 LOR-200/220 LOR-200/220 User s Manual

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3 Table f Cntents 1 INTRODUCTION QUICK GUIDE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS NOTES HARDWARE OVERVIEW THE FRONT PANEL THE OPTICAL PORT THE COMMUNICATION PORTS THE POWER CONNECTOR CHARGING THE BATTERY CHANGING THE BATTERY SOFTWARE TOOLS THE ON-SCREEN KEYBOARD OTDR SOFTWARE OVERVIEW THE MENU FUNCTIONS The File Menu The Analysis Menu The Help Menu THE TABS The Trace Tab The Event Table Tab The Settings Tab The ID Tab MAKING MEASUREMENTS GENERAL MEASUREMENT SETUP Setting pulse-width and reslutin Setting the index f refractin Setting the Rayleigh backscatter cefficient EXAMPLE MEASUREMENT SESSIONS Fiber lss measurement Single event analysis - Insertin lss and reflectance pint lss measurement Length measurements Testing a passive ptical netwrk (PON) Cmparing traces Aut event detectin and the event table CREATING REPORTS, PRINTING RESULTS VISUAL FAULT LOCATOR (OPTION) OPTICAL POWER METER (OPTION) WAVELENGTH TUNABLE OTDR SETTING THE WAVELENGTH A. SPECIFICATIONS A.1. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS A.2. OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS LOR A.3. OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS LOR A.4. SPECIFICATIONS OPTICAL POWER METER (OPTION) B. WARRANTY AND MAINTENANCE POLICY

4 B.1. LIMITED WARRANTY B.2. EXTENDED WARRANTY OPTIONS B.3. INSTALLATION AND TRAINING C. SAFETY C.1. LASER SAFETY C.2. EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY C.3. ELECTRIC CABLES C.4. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS D. COMPLIENCE SYMBOLS E. BATTERY DECLARATION

5 1 Intrductin This manual gives an verview f the LOR-200/220 High Reslutin OTDR frm Lucil Instruments. This instrument is based n a new scanning phtn-cunting technique (patent pending). Phtn-cunting detectrs, in cntrast t classical analg detectrs, achieve at the same time a very high sensitivity and a very high reslutin. It is this dual advantage, speed and sensitivity, which prvides the LOR-200/220 with its unique prperties. Lucil s expertise in phtn cunting technlgy makes this technlgy available fr prtable ptical test instruments which can utperfrm their classical analg cunterparts. The high reslutin makes the LOR-200/220 an ideal instrument when it cmes t testing shrt-range ptical netwrks and links. Typical examples are Lcal Area Netwrks (LAN) r ptical fiber links inside buildings, cars and planes. Here, the ptical spans are typically in the tens t hundreds f meters range. But the LOR-200/220 can even analyze fiber spans up t 160 km. In additin, a high reslutin zm functin allws identifying events which are invisible fr standard OTDRs. The user can set this zm t any regin f the fiber under test. Yu can measure the distributed attenuatin alng the fiber, t check fr example the hmgeneity f yur fiber. Yu can discver and identify damages, which may have ccurred during the laying ut f yur fiber (bends, pressure pints...). Yu can see lsses and backreflectins frm cnnectrs r ptical cmpnents. The LOR-200/220 is a simple and easy-t-use instrument, with user-friendly GUI sftware. We prvide a standard, versatile sftware, which shuld suit yur particular needs. In case yur applicatin requires additinal features, please cntact Lucil Instruments. We are ready t examine with yu any special sftware and hardware requirements. In additin t the User s Manual, we can prvide a number f Applicatin Ntes, which explain hw t perfrm several types f measurements. Visit ur web site t dwnlad the latest versin. 3

6 1 Quick Guide This quick guide sectin is a simple step-by-step apprach t ptical fiber testing with the LOR- 200/220. Yu shuld read it if yu need t learn hw t perate the instrument quickly. Yu may then read the ther sectins as needed. 1.1 Operating instructins The OTDR unit is integrated int a PC-based platfrm, perating under Windws 7. The platfrm is designed fr field use, with a bright tuchscreen display. 1) Start the instrument by pressing the red n/ff buttn fr at least 1 secnd. The LOR- 200/220 applicatin sftware is already installed and will be launched autmatically after the perating system has been laded. 2) Open the Settings tab and select all the required measurement settings. In many cases the defaults settings can be used fr an initial test f a fiber. 3) Cnnect the Fiber Under Test (FUT) t the unit, and click the START buttn t start the measurement. The OTDR status is displayed in the black bar n tp. The status display will shw scanning while an OTDR trace will build up frm the selected start-psitin until it reaches the selected end-psitin. 4) The measurement can be interrupted at any time by clicking n the STOP buttn. 5) Save a measured trace by clicking FILE SAVE AS. 6) Lad a previusly saved trace by clicking FILE - LOAD TRACE 1 r LOAD TRACE Ntes Help The sftware includes a cntext help functin. Activate cntext help by clicking HELP - CONTEXT HELP, r by pressing Ctrl H. A help windw will nw pen. Mve the cursr t the feature fr which yu wish t receive help. The feature will nw be briefly explained in the help windw. Fiber Preparatin Due t the high sensitivity f the phtn-cunting detectin, care has t be taken t avid any stray light entering the fiber under test. Fr SMF and standard MMF (i.e. 50 r 62.5 m cre), avid any strng light n the unit r the fiber under test. Fr large cre MMF r plastic ptical fibers, any pen end shuld be cvered, and the fiber shuld have an paque jacket. All ptical cnnectr interfaces must be kept dust free and be cleaned regularly. 4

7 2 Hardware Overview 2.1 The Frnt Panel Figure 1 shws the frnt panel f the LOR-200/220. The frnt panel cntains the LCD-tuchscreen, the hardkeys (see bx n the right) and tw LED indicatrs. Hardkeys functins Figure 1: The Frnt Panel (Red Key) Pwer the instrument n () Mve markers r cursrs, scrll thrugh menus ( ) Executes selected actin (Alt) Highlight menu access (Esc) Escape frm current actin r selectin ( ) Set the display brightness (Blue Key) Start a measurement r call the help menu The tuchscreen shuld nly be used with the stylus, which is inserted n the lwer right hand side f the unit, r with the fingers. A tuch n the screen is equivalent t a standard click with a muse n the crrespnding pint. In rder t perfrm a right click with the tuchscreen, press the stylus fr a few secnds n the screen, until the right click menu appears. Imprtant: The use f any sharp bject, such as ball pint pen r metal tl n the tuchscreen will damage it, and vids the warranty. 2.2 The Optical Prt Figure 2 shws the ptical prt f the LOR-200/220. It is lcated n the tp f the instrument. Befre attaching a fiber yu shuld clean it using an apprpriate cleaning methd. Cntact Lucil Instruments if yu need assistance. Make sure the attached fiber and the instrument cnnectr interface are f the same type. Never cnnect an angled cnnectr (APC) t a flat cnnectr (PC). Figure 2: The Optical Prt 5

8 Nte: Sme instruments are equipped with an interchangeable ptical cnnectr. The uter part f this cnnectr can be remved t adapt the instrument t different types f cnnectr interfaces. Cntact Lucil Instruments fr mre infrmatin n the available interface types. 2.3 The Cmmunicatin Prts Figure 3 shws the cmmunicatin prts f the LOR-200/220. They are lcated n the left side f the instrument. The fllwing interfaces are prvided: Serial prt cnnectr Vide cnnectr (external mnitr) USB 2.0 cnnectrs (2x) Netwrk cnnectr Figure 3: The Cmmunicatin Prts 6

9 2.4 The Pwer Cnnectr Figure 4 shws the DC pwer cnnectr f the LOR-200/220. It is lcated n the right side f the instrument. Cnnecting the pwer: Plug the rund female cnnectr frm the external pwer adapter int the instruments pwer cnnectr. Plug the tw-pin female cnnectr n the pwer crd int the pwer adapter. Plug the standard electrical plug frm the pwer crd int yur AC surce (100 t 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz universal adapter). Imprtant: The pwer adapter may becme rather ht after prlnged use. This is nrmal, and des nt affect the perfrmance f the device. Only use the Lucil Instruments pwer supply (part n. SS138D-Jack). Figure 4: The DC Pwer Cnnectr 7

10 2.5 Charging the Battery The LOR-200/220 has a built-in charger. Battery charging will start autmatically (perating r nne perating) when the instrument is cnnected t the external pwer supply. The charge indicatr (LED next t the battery symbl in Figure 5) will light when a pwer supply is present. Figure 5: The Battery Charge Indicatr Charge Indicatr OFF RED GREEN Charge Status N external pwer supply Charging Fully charged, external pwer supply cnnected Detailed infrmatin n the charge status can als be btained frm the battery manager sftware tl described in sectin Errr! Reference surce nt fund.. Nte: A charged battery will gradually lse its charge if left in strage. It is therefre gd practice t recharge the battery every 1-2 mnths during strage. If the LOR-200/220 is nt used fr a lng perid f time, it is recmmended t cnnect the external pwer supply and start a charging cycle prir t switching n the instrument. 2.6 Changing the Battery The battery shuld be inserted in the slt at the ft f the LOR-200/220. Figure 6 shws the back f the LOR-200/220 with the battery slt pened. Use a screwdriver t unlck the tw screws f the battery slt and remve the cver. Figure 6: The Battery Slt Imprtant: D nt insert the battery while perating the instrument. D nt shrt circuit the battery by cnnecting the metal terminals. D nt expse the battery t fire r high temperature. Make sure yu insert the battery in the crrect directin and that the slt is clsed crrectly. Only use the Lucil spare battery pack (part n. BAT-LOR200). The battery is a cnsumable part and is nt subject t the LOR-200/220 warranty. 8

11 3 Sftware Tls 3.1 The On-Screen Keybard If n physical keybard is attached t the instrument, launch the n-screen keybard frm the taskbar t type and enter data. Figure 7: Using the n-screen keybard Mre infrmatin can be fund in the Tls - Help Tpics menu frm the n-screen keybard. 4 OTDR Sftware Overview When the unit is switched n, the OTDR sftware is launched autmatically, and the user interface appears as shwn in Figure 8. The black status indicatr shws the actual status f the instrument and gives basic usage instructins. It will display Ready when the applicatin is launched and a cnnected OTDR is fund. Figure 8: The LOR-200/220 user interface after starting The LOR-200/220 sftware is written in Labview. A detailed descriptin f the sftware functins is given in the fllwing sectins. 9

12 4.1 The Menu Functins The File Menu Clicking FILE pens the file menu: Here yu can: Lad ne r tw previusly saved traces Save the data as a text file (*.tr), this file can later be pened with any text editr r spreadsheet applicatin. Fr LOR-200 systems the data can als be saved as a standard OTDR (*.sr) file (SR-4731 standard). Generate a reprt in HTML r PDF frmat. Clse the applicatin Click FILE again t clse the menu The Analysis Menu Clicking ANALYSIS pens the analysis menu: Frm the analysis menu yu can select several types f trace analysis functins: AUTO EVENTS fr autmatic detectin f all events in the trace SINGLE EVENT fr semi-autmatic characterizatin f single events LOSS LMS fr manual fiber lss measurements 2-POINT LOSS t measure directly the lss between tw psitins in the fiber under test LENGTH fr high precisin length measurements between reflective events The events can be added t the event table. These features will be discussed further in sectin The Help Menu Clicking HELP pens the help menu: With this menu, yu can get explanatins abut the varius features f yur measurement windw. Click n CONTEXT HELP, r use Ctrl+H, t pen the help windw. Mve the cursr arund t see the explanatins n the varius features f the measurement windw. By selecting ABOUT, yu can als get infrmatin abut the current sftware. 4.2 The Tabs The Trace Tab The Trace tab is the main applicatin cntrl tab, as shwn in Figure 8. Besides the OTDR trace indicatr it cntains: The START/STOP cntrl fr starting and stpping a measurement manually. 10

13 The wavelength and pulse-width indicatr fr the active measurement. This indicatr is replaced by the trace analysis bar when a manual analysis functin is selected. The Trace Selectin legend: The highlighted trace (range) is the active trace e.g. fr the trace analysis functins. Click n the trace name t change the active trace. With the eye-checkbxes n the right yu can chse if a trace is shwn r hidden. The Scale legend and graph palette: Click n the X r Y axis symbl t aut-scale the crrespnding axis. Click n the lck symbl t lck and unlck aut-scaling. The graph palette cntains the cursr psitining tl (tp left), the zm and the und zm tls (bttm), and the hand tl (tp right). Click n the crrespnding tl t activate it. The zm tl has several functins; a sub-menu as shwn n the right will pen when clicking n it. The selectable zm ptins are windw zm, vertical zm and hrizntal zm, zm the entire trace, zm in and zm ut. Nte: T apply a zm, aut-scale needs t be unlcked The hand tl allws mving the entire trace within the graph. The Cursrs legend: This windw prvides the cursr legend and the cursr psitin indicatrs. The active cursr is highlighted (range). This cursr can als be psitined using the arrw keys frm the key pad. Click n the cursr rw t change the active cursr. A duble-click n a rw will bring the crrespnding cursr t the center f the windw. Cursr distance infrmatin can be fund when scrlling further dwn in the list. 11

14 4.2.2 The Event Table Tab The Event Table tab lists all manually r autmatically fund events. An example is shwn in Figure 9. Figure 9: The event table tab In rder t edit the event table manually, click EDIT EVENTS. The MARKERS ON/OFF buttn allws shwing r hiding the event markers n the trace. Select SECTIONS ON t display the length and the lsses f the fiber sectins between the events. Clicking SHOW MAP will display a graphical representatin f the fiber under test and the events (Figure 10). The image can be added t the reprt using the REPORT tl. Figure 10: The event map 12

15 4.2.3 The Settings Tab The Settings tab as shwn in Figure 11 is used t set the required parameters fr a new trace (measured trace), r t display the settings f a laded trace (the active trace selected in the trace selectin windw f the Trace tab is shwn). Figure 11: The settings tab There are five grups f settings: The Emitter Settings grup is used t select the emitter t be used fr the current measurement. Fr multi-wavelength systems the wavelength can be chsen frm a list f available emitters. The secnd cntrl sets the distance range (the maximum length, the fiber under test must nt exceed). The third cntrl sets the ptical pulse-width f the emitter. A single click n the number will pen a list with the available settings. Ntes: The distance range has t be superir t the ttal length f the fiber under test, even if yu wish t bserve nly a shrt distance. The high reslutin mdel LOR-220 is wrking with a fixed pulse-width f 1 ns and there is n pulse-width cntrl. 13

16 The FUT Settings grup allws selecting the refractive index, and the Rayleigh back-scattering cefficient. Bth parameters may vary accrding t the wavelength and fiber type, and shuld be btained frm the datasheet f the FUT. A rightclick n the refractive index indicatr will pen a table cntaining standard values. Click n the value crrespnding t the fiber under test and click OK t use a standard refractive index. Remte: The unit can be remtely cntrlled via Ethernet. When the REMOTE ACTIVE check bx is selected, the instrument will wait fr a remte cnnectin. Cntact Lucil Instruments fr details. The Scan Settings grup allws chsing the distance unit (available ptins: are meter, kilmeter, feet, miles, and nansecnd); the Start and Stp psitins fr the scan, the average and the reslutin (step size). The SET TO ZOOM buttn allws setting the START and the END psitin autmatically t the currently zmed trace sectin in the Trace tab. The average cntrl sets the number f averages at each measurement pint. Higher averages will lwer the measurement nise and smthen the trace, but will increase the measurement time, as each measurement pint will take mre time. The reslutin cntrl sets the step size between each measurement pint. In general this size shuld be smaller than the pulse-width. If the AU- TO SET checkbx is enabled, the reslutin is autmatically set t abut ¼ f the pulsewidth. The minimum step size (reslutin) is 0.25 ns. The Event Detectin Threshld grup allws the selectin f the threshlds used fr the autmatic detectin f events. The insertin lss threshld chses the maximum allwed insertin lss f an event. The reflectance threshld des the same fr reflectins. After the cumulative lss f the fiber assembly under test exceeds the end f fiber lss threshld the autmatic event detectin is stpped and the last detected event is set as the end f fiber event (see sectin fr details). Hint: A duble click n mst cntrls f the Settings tab will pen a numeric keypad which simplifies the data entry. 14 Fr precise return lss measurements it is recmmended t measure the Rayleigh backscattering cefficient with the OTDR. See sectin fr details.

17 Saving and lading user defined settings The user can save the current settings by clicking. This will pen a dialg windw as n the right. Up t 10 different user-settings can be defined this way. T re-lad ne f the user-settings, click the ring cntrl the settings frm the list as n the right. and select ne f User settings can als be laded frm a previusly saved measurement by clicking. Select a measurement file frm the pp-up dialg frm which yu want t cpy the measurement parameters. Default measurement parameters can be defined and laded using the buttn., r the 15

18 4.2.4 The ID Tab The ID tab is shwn in Figure 12. The varius fields in this tab allw yu t add the relevant infrmatin t the stred trace fr identifying the fiber under test. Figure 12: The ID tab 5 Making Measurements 5.1 General measurement setup 16 Make sure that all cnnectrs are clean. Cnnect the FUT t the OTDR. Imprtant: The phtn-cunting detectin system is highly sensitive, and can therefre be perturbed by any stray light in the FUT. Fr single-mde fiber the amunt f stray light entering the fiber is minimal. The prblem is mre serius with multi-mde fiber, and especially large cre fibers. In this case, any fiber end shuld be cvered, and the fiber shuld have an paque jacket. If this is nt pssible, we recmmend wrking in a darkened envirnment. Click n the Settings tab (see 4.2.3), and set all cntrls t the required values. Fr fiber identificatin fill ut the fields in the ID tab (see 4.2.4). G back t the Trace tab, and start the measurement by clicking n the START buttn. The OTDR starts the scan, and will make a measurement step by step with a step width crrespnding t the selected reslutin. The scan will stp when the selected End psitin is reached. The scan can als be interrupted by pressing the STOP buttn. Click FILE SAVE AS t save the measured trace Setting pulse-width and reslutin The LOR-200 allws 7 different pulse-width settings; a list with all available values pens after clicking n the currently selected value as shwn n the right. Fr the LOR- 220, the pulse-width is fixed t 1 ns. The ptimal pulse-width depends n the type f measurement, the length f the fiber under test and the required spatial reslutin. In general, the lngest pulse-

19 width prviding a sufficient spatial reslutin shuld be selected. The Rayleigh- backscattering level is prprtinal t the pulse-width; therefre the OTDR traces will becme less nisy when increasing the pulse-width. At the same time the dynamic range f the OTDR will increase. An example is shwn in Figure 13. The lwer red trace was recrded using a pulse-width f 2 ns while the upper black trace was recrded using a pulse-width f 1000 ns. Fr bth traces the reslutin was set t 0.5 ns and the average t 1. Using 1000 ns pulse-width the measured RBS level and the dynamic range increase by abut 14 db and the trace is less nisy. Figure 13: RBS signal at 2 ns pulse-width (red) and 1000 ns pulse-width (black). The reslutin determines the number f samples recrded fr the trace. A higher reslutin setting will result in a mre detailed trace but will als increase the measurement time. The reslutin f the LOR-200/220 can be set in steps f 250 ps. The minimum value is 250 ps; crrespnding t apprximately 2.5 cm. The reslutin shuld always be set t a value smaller than the pulse-width. The aut-set functin will set the reslutin t apprximately ¼ f the pulse-width. Setting the reslutin t a value bigger than the pulse-width may lead t incrrect measurements f the reflectance and sme reflective event may nt be crrectly displayed. An example is shwn in Figure 14. Three fiber patch-crds f 5 m length are cnnected t the OTDR. All traces are measured with 10 ns pulse-width. The red trace is recrded with the autmatically set reslutin f 2.5 ns, the black trace is recrded with the highest reslutin f 0.25 ns, and the green trace with a reslutin f 10 ns. Figure 14: Setting the reslutin Setting the reslutin t 10 ns (green) allws btaining a quick verview f the trace but the reslutin is nt sufficient fr a crrect measurement f the reflectance levels. The red trace with 2.5 ns reslutin crrectly displays the peak amplitudes and the dead zne is sufficiently small fr inser- 17

20 tin lss measurements. Using the highest reslutin (black) slightly further decreases the event dead zne and the psitin f the rising edges f all peaks can be fund with higher precisin. Using the highest pssible reslutin is therefre recmmended fr exact measurements f the fiber length. A gd chice fr testing the three fiber setup wuld therefre be a pulse-width f 10 ns and a reslutin f at least 2.5 ns (r better, if the length f the fibers needs t be tested). A pulse-width f 30 ns wuld als be sufficient and increase the dynamic range. A cmparisn f tw measurements using 10 ns and 30 ns pulse-width is shwn in Figure 15. Bth traces are recrded with a reslutin f 1 ns. Figure 15: Setting the pulse-width Setting the index f refractin An OTDR measures the elapsed time between the emissin f a laser pulse and the arrival time f a backscattered phtn. T cnvert the measured time int the displayed distance unit, the index f the refractin f the fiber under test needs t be knwn. Especially fr precisin measurements f the fiber length, a crrect value f the index f refractin is imprtant. The index f refractin depends n the fiber type and the wavelength and it als varies with ambient cnditins like strain and temperature. Sme typical values are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Recmmended grup index f refractin Fiber Type 650 nm 850 nm 1310 nm 1550 nm 1625 nm SMF MMF 50/125 m MMF 62.5/125 mm Fr ther fiber types, please cntact the fiber manufacturer. It is als pssible t measure the index f refractin with the LOR-200/220. Fr a high accuracy measurement, a reference fiber whse length is precisely knwn is required. Measure the length f this fiber using the LENGTH functin frm the analysis menu (see sectin 5.2.4) and vary the index f refractin until the measured length is equal t the calibrated length. Nte: When starting the OTDR, the index f refractin will be set t its default value f r t the value set in the previus sessin. Surce: Crning Cable Systems ( nm) 18

21 5.1.3 Setting the Rayleigh backscatter cefficient The Rayleigh backscatter cefficient is the backscattered pwer frm the fiber under test relative t the peak pwer f a 1 ns laser pulse emitted by the OTDR. Fr many standard fibers and wavelength this parameter can be fund in the data sheet f the ptical fiber under test. Fr special fibers and wavelength this value is hard t find, r smetimes the manufacturer s values are nt reliable. Fr precise return lss (reflectance) measurements we recmmend t measure this value directly with the OTDR. Since the Rayleigh backscatter cefficient is used as the reference level fr reflectance measurements it is imprtant t set this level prperly. Make a measurement with the fllwing settings (n fiber cnnected t the OTDR): Set the wavelength t the test cnditins Set the pulse-width t the required test cnditins Set distance range t 1.25 km Set Start t -2 m, End t 2m Set Average t 4 Set Reslutin t 0.25 Start the measurement and wait until the test has finished. Gt t: ANALYSIS SINGLE EVENT. Set the markers and make a zm t find the Rayleigh level between -2 m and 0 m (see Figure 16). Figure 16: Setting the Backscatter Cefficient Here the level is abut db. The Rayleigh backscatter cefficient is the duble f this value fr a pulse-width f 1 ns (LOR-220). The crrect setting in this example wuld be db. If the OTDR is perated with a pulse-width different frm 1 ns (LOR-200) the measured value has t be mdified accrdingly. Fr a pulse width f 2 ns 3 db have t be subtracted frm this value; fr a pulse-width f 10 ns, 10 db have t be subtracted; fr 100 ns subtract 20 db, and s n. Since this cefficient remains cnstant, it is recmmended t save the measured value within the User Setting fr later usage This prcedure assumes that the fiber inside the OTDR and the FUT are f the same type. Cntact Lucil if different types f fiber are t be tested. 19

22 5.2 Example measurement sessins This sectin describes in detail sme typical applicatins f the LOR-200/220 and gives a step by step descriptin f the crrespnding measurement sessins Fiber lss measurement In this example sessin the ttal lss and the lss/km f a fiber under test (10 km) is measured with a LOR-200. Setup: Cnnect the FUT t the OTDR G t the Settings tab and enter the fllwing parameters Select the emitter Set the distance range t 20 km Set the pulse-width t 1000 ns Enter the refractive index f yur fiber accrding t the manufacturer Set the distance unit t km Set Start t 0 ; set End t 12 Set Average t 2 Set Reslutin t Aut (250 ns) If needed, g t the ID tab and enter the fiber identificatin parameters Start the measurement and wait until the scan has finished Select LOSS LMS frm the ANALYSIS menu and set cursr A t the beginning f the FUT and cursr B t the end f the FUT. The result f the measurement is shwn in Figure 17. Figure 17: A typical fiber lss measurement The result f the measurement is shwn in the measurement bar; here we find a ttal lss f 2 db and a slpe f 0.2 db/km. Click EXIT ANALYSIS t make the next measurement. 20

23 5.2.2 Single event analysis - Insertin lss and reflectance Due t the very high reslutin and the shrt dead-znes the LOR-200/220 is capable f making insertin lss measurement n very shrt fiber samples. In this example sessin we shw that even the insertin lss and the reflectance f the utput cnnectr f the instrument can be measured. Setup: Cnnect the FUT t the OTDR G t the Settings tab and enter the fllwing parameters Select the emitter Set the distance range t 1.25 km Set the pulse-width t 2 ns (LOR-200 nly) Enter the refractive index f yur fiber accrding t the manufacturer Enter the crrect backscatter-cefficient f yur fiber under test Set the distance unit t meter Set Start t -2 and End t 2 Set Average t 3 (depending n the precisin required) Set Reslutin t Aut (0.5 ns) Set the event detectin threshlds if needed If needed, g t the ID tab and enter the fiber identificatin parameters Start the measurement and wait until the scan has finished Select SINGLE EVENT frm the ANALYSIS menu and set cursr A t the event lcatin (The event lcatin is set t the center f the peak fr LOR-220 systems using a fixed pulsewidth f 1ns, fr LOR-200 systems with variable pulsewidth the event lcatin is the beginning f the event). Set the first tw markers befre the event and tw markers after the event. Figure 18 illustrates the recrded OTDR trace tgether with the cursr and the markers set crrectly fr single event analysis. SLOPE OFF will d a hrizntal fit between the marker psitins. Use this setting fr shrt fiber sectins withut lsses, as in this example. Fr lnger fiber sectins r high lss fibers (e.g plymer fibers) selecting SLOPE ON is recmmended. Figure 18: Reflectance and insertin lss measurement f the OTDR utput-cnnectr 21

24 The result f the measurement is shwn in the measurement bar; here we find a reflectance f db and an insertin lss f 1.55 db. This result is added t the event table when clicking the ADD TO TABLE buttn. Click EXIT ANALYSIS t make the next measurement. Nte that a cnnectr with high insertin lss has been used in this example fr illustratin. The typical insertin lss at the utput cnnectr is < 0.4 db pint lss measurement The 2-pint lss measurement functin allws a fast test f the lss between tw pints n the OTDR trace. A typical applicatin is the measurement f the ttal lss f a fiber assembly. An example measurement is shwn in Figure 19. Figure 19: Making a 2-pint lss measurement Recrd a trace f the fiber assembly under test. Select 2-POINT LOSS frm the ANALYSIS menu and set cursrs A and B t the pints n the trace where the lss is t be measured. Use the AV- ERAGE cntrl t select the regin arund cursrs A and B which will be used t calculate the lss. The regin used fr calculating the average value arund the cursrs will be indicated by a thick blue line Length measurements 22 Due t the very high reslutin, the LOR-200/220 enables precise length measurements n ptical fibers. A semi-autmatic sftware tl is supplied which simplifies this task. The psitins f tw user selected peaks are precisely lcalized by an autmatic quadratic peak fitting algrithm and their distance is calculated autmatically. In this example sessin, the length f a 5 m fiber patchcrd cnnected t the OTDR is measured. Setup: Cnnect the FUT t the OTDR G t the Settings tab and enter the fllwing parameters Select the emitter Set the distance range t 1.25 km Set the pulse-width t 2 ns (LOR-200 nly) Enter the refractive index f yur fiber accrding t the manufacturer

25 Set the distance unit t meter Set Start t -1 and End t 6 Set Average t 3 Set Reslutin t 0.25 If needed, g t the ID tab and enter the fiber identificatin parameters Start the measurement and wait until the scan has finished Select LENGTH frm the ANALYSIS menu and set cursr A clse t the center f the first peak and cursr B clse t the center f the secnd peak (the fit will autmatically be centered t the peak). Click ADD TO LIST if yu wish t add the result t the list cntaining the length measurement results (this list will als be saved when saving the OTDR trace). Click SHOW LIST t pen a list view f all length measurement results. Select EXIT ANALYSIS t clse the length analysis sessin. Figure 20 shws the recrded OTDR trace tgether with the autmatically created quadratic fits and the measured length. In this example we find a fiber length f m. The precisin f this measurement is typically better than 1 cm. Figure 20: Measuring the fiber length 23

26 5.2.5 Testing a passive ptical netwrk (PON) There are several applicatins where this type f high-reslutin and high-sensitivity phtncunting OTDR can utperfrm cnventinal OTDRs. All cnditins, where a high spatial reslutin measurement n lw backscattered signals is required are typical fields f applicatin. One example is a passive ptical netwrk (PON). Here, the fiber spans are relatively shrt, and due the 1x8 r 1x32 distributin cuplers the lsses are high. Als, a high spatial reslutin is required t reslve clsely spaced reflective events. In this example sessin, we recrd OTDR-traces frm the cnfiguratin shwn in Figure 21. OTDR 2.3 km km X 8 1 x 8 Figure 21: Fiber ptical PON cnfiguratin The OTDR is cnnected t a 2.3 km lng fiber spl fllwed by a 1x8 ptical cupler. One utput fiber f the cupler is cnnected t a 1.6 km lng fiber fllwed by a secnd 1x8 cupler. The 8 utput fibers f the secnd cupler are cut t different lengths. This way, ptical netwrk terminals at different lcatin are simulated. Setup: Cnnect the FUT t the OTDR G t the Settings tab and enter the fllwing parameters Select the emitter Set the distance range t 5 km Set the pulse-width t 300 ns Enter the refractive index f yur fiber accrding t the manufacturer Set the distance unit t meter Set Start t 0 Set End t 4000 Set Average t 5 Set Reslutin t Aut (75 ns) If needed, g t the ID tab and enter the fiber identificatin parameters Start the measurement and wait until the scan has finished This first measurement gives an verview trace f the entire PON as illustrated in Figure

27 Figure 22: PON OTDR trace 300 ns pulsewidth Fiber lss measurements and an insertin lss test f the first cupler have been dne as described in sectins and The reslutin f this first measurement is insufficient t reslve the lcatin f the ptical netwrk terminals simulated by the pen fiber ends. Therefre a secnd measurement is perfrmed n the PON: Setup: G t the Settings tab and change the fllwing parameters Set the pulse-width t 2 ns Set Start t 3530 (befre the first terminal) Set End t 3540 (after the last terminal) Reslutin will aut-set t (0.5 ns) If needed, g t the ID tab and enter the fiber identificatin parameters Start the measurement and wait until the scan has finished This secnd measurement is a high reslutin trace shwing nly the 8 terminal reflectins as illustrated in Figure 23. Figure 23: PON trace - high reslutin measurement at the terminal lcatins The high spatial reslutin and the minimal dead-zne f the instrument mw make all 8 reflective events visible. Adjacent reflectins spaced by nly 20 cm can be reslved. 25

28 5.2.6 Cmparing traces This example sessin demnstrates the use f the LOR-200/220 fr trace cmparisn. The measured trace is cmpared with ne r mre previusly stred traces t mnitr changes in fiber lsses r peak lcatins. The first example mnitrs the length f an ptical fiber f 7.8 km length as the ambient temperature varies. Setup: Cnnect the FUT t the OTDR G t the Settings tab and enter the fllwing parameters Select the emitter Set the distance range t 10 km Set the pulse-width t 2 ns (LOR-200 nly) Enter the refractive index f yur fiber accrding t the manufacturer Set the distance unit t meter Set Start t 7815 (a few meters befre the end reflectin) Set End t 7818 (a few meters after the end reflectin) Set Average t 5 Set Reslutin t 0.25 ns (highest) If needed, g t the ID tab and enter the fiber identificatin parameters Start the measurement and wait until the scan has finished Save the result f this first measurement Repeat the measurement when the ambient temperature has changed and save the results again Lad the trace(s) f the previus measurement(s) and start the measurement which shuld be cmpared with the stred reference trace(s). Figure 24 shws the result f this fiber length measurement at three different temperatures. The high spatial reslutin allws the detectin f a fiber length variatin in the cm range. Figure 24: Cmparing traces - Peak psitins Nte: When cmparing peak psitins, the peaks shuld have the same amplitude fr precise lcalizatin. 26

29 The secnd example mnitrs an insertin lss variatin. The current insertin lss is cmpared with tw previusly stred results. Refer als t sectin fr insertin lss measurements. The fiber under test is a 20 m patchcrd with a bend induced lss at abut 17 m. Setup: Cnnect the FUT t the OTDR G t the Settings tab and enter the fllwing parameters Select the emitter Set the distance range t 1.25 km Set the pulse-width t 2 ns (LOR-200 nly) Enter the refractive index f yur fiber accrding t the manufacturer Set the distance unit t meter Set Start t 16 Set End t 19 Set Average t 5 Set Reslutin t Aut (0.5 ns) If needed, g t the ID tab and enter the fiber identificatin parameters Start the measurement and wait until the scan has finished Save the result f this first measurement as the first reference trace Make a secnd measurement (e.g. at the maximum insertin lss allwed) and save the results again Lad the traces f the tw reference measurement The actual measurement can nw be cmpared with the tw reference traces. This type f test can serve t decide if the insertin lss f the FUT is within the range given by the tw reference traces and t mnitr lng term lss fluctuatins. A typical result is illustrated in Figure 25. Figure 25: Cmparing traces - Insertin lss 27

30 5.2.7 Aut event detectin and the event table The recrded traces can be autmatically analyzed using the AUTO EVENTS functin frm the ANALYSIS menu. The pp-up windw shwn n the right will pen t select the analysis ptins. Fr crrect reflectance measurements the Backscatter Cefficient needs t be set accrding t the fiber under test. Als the End f Fiber Lss value shuld crrespnd t the recrded trace. The user can define insertin lss and reflectance threshlds. Events exceeding these threshlds will be marked red while ther events will be marked grey. When checking the ptin Shw nly events exceeding threshlds nly thse events (red) will be shwn and added t the event table. Checking the ptin Include fiber attenuatin will enable fiber slpe measurements and add the results t the event table. This ptin is recmmended if there are lng fiber sectins between the events with fiber lsses exceeding 0.1 db. Fr shrt sectins the measurement is simplified by disabling this ptins. Figure 26 is an example trace with the crrespnding event table after using the aut-events functin. The selected Aut Event Settings are shwn n the right. Figure 26: Using the aut-events functin 28

31 When using the AUTO EVENTS functin all fund events are autmatically added t the event table. Nte: In rder t wrk crrectly, the AUTO-EVENTS functin requires at least 1m f a fiber sectin befre the first event. If yu want t include the utput cnnectr f the OTDR t the event list, start the measurement at < -1m (as in the example f Figure 26). Otherwise, if the device under test is cnnected with a patch-crd f e.g. 3m length t the OTDR start the measurement at 1 r 2m. It is pssible t mdify the autmatically created table, t delete sme events, r t add cmments t events. Click the EDIT EVENTS in the Event Table tab. This will pen an event table editr windw as shwn in Figure 27. Figure 27: The event table editr Select a rw and click DELETE SELECTED ROW(S) t remve events frm the table. Click DE- LETE ALL t empty the entire table. Yu can als add cmments r d ther mdificatins t the event table. Click OK t return t the main windw after editing. Nte: The aut-event functin may nt find the crrect fiber lss n t shrt fibers. Delete unwanted entries using the event table editr. When reflective events are t clse t each ther nt all events can be detected by the aut-events functin. Use the manual events functins t add undetected events t the table. A simplified graphical representatin f the event table is btained by clicking SHOW MAP in the Event Table tab (see Figure 10). 29

32 6 Creating Reprts, Printing Results With the LOR200/220 sftware yu can autmatically create a detailed reprt f yur measurement results. Select FILE REPORT in the TRACE tab. This will pen the fllwing list with the reprt ptins: First select the items yu want t include in yur reprt. Next select the reprt frmat by clicking n the PDF r the HTML buttn. A file dialg will pen t save the reprt accrding t the user selectins. Nte that if the HTML frmat is used, several files will be created (the HTML-file and sme image files). Hint: If yu want t save r print nly the visible part f the frnt panel, click n the status indicatr when shwing READY. This will pen the fllwing dialg. 30

33 7 Visual Fault Lcatr (Optin) A visual fault lcatr (VFL) is available as an ptin. The VFL ptin prvides a blinking intensive red laser surce at the OTDR utput. The VFL is used t visually detect fiber breaks. A secnd applicatin is the identificatin f the fiber cnnected t the OTDR in a cable cntaining several fibers. The VFL is activated by clicking the VFL buttn. Click the VFL buttn again t g back t nrmal OTDR peratin. Figure 28: The VFL ptin 8 Optical Pwer Meter (Optin) An ptical pwer meter (OPM) is available as an ptin. A duble-click n the OPM icn n the desktp will pen the OPM panel as shwn in Figure 29. Reference pwer and relative pwer indicatr Graph f the recrded data Reference level cntrl, Enable/disable reference mde Figure 29: The user-interface f the ptical pwer meter. Abslute pwer indicatr Pause/resume data recrding Clear the recrded data Save the recrded data Averaging time cntrl Wavelength cntrl Pwer unit cntrl (dbm r mw) The OPM will start data acquisitin after start-up. Data recrding can be paused r resumed by clicking the PAUSE buttn. The CLEAR buttn will clear all recrded data. First set the wavelength cntrl accrding t the wavelength f the light surce. Please nte that a stabilized cw-surce is required fr precise measurements. Next set the pwer unit cntrl t dbm r mw. Changing the wavelength r the pwer unit will clear the previusly recrded trace. Fr mst applicatins the averaging time cntrl can be left at it default value f 1 secnds, the value can be changed by clicking the cntrl. Relative pwer measurements are enabled by clicking the reference level cntrl. The current pwer level will be used as reference level and the relative pwer will be indicated by the reference level indicatr and the graph. Click the reference level cntrl again t g back t the abslute pwer mde. 31

34 The recrded data is saved by clicking the SAVE buttn. This pens a dialg where yu can select the name and the path f the file t save. The saved data is in a standard text (ASCII) frmat. It can easily be exprted t ther applicatins. The fllwing is an example f a saved data-file: Lucil Instruments SA OPM Text File Frmat Versin 1.0 [DateTime] 12/16/ :57 AM [-] [Wavelength] 1310 nm [-] [Pwer Unit] dbm [-] [Reference Level] [-] [DataPints: Time [sec] - Abslute Pwer - Relative Pwer] [-] The technical specificatins f the ptical pwer meter can be fund in sectin A.4. 32

35 9 Wavelength tunable OTDR This sectin applies t wavelength tunable OTDRs nly. 9.1 Setting the wavelength When starting the OTDR the main OTDR applicatin and the wavelength cntrl applicatin are launched autmatically. If ne f the applicatins is nt running r has been clsed duble-click n the crrespnding desktp shrt-cut. The wavelength cntrl in the main OTDR applicatin is disabled; it will shw the center wavelength f the tuning range. The perating wavelength is set using the LOR-200_wavelength applicatin as shwn in the fllwing: Current wavelength indicatr Direct wavelength selectin cntrl Set OTDR wavelength t direct cntrl value Set spacing f wavelength list (25, 50, 100 r 200 GHz) Wavelength selectin frm list (click n the crrespnding rw) Set wavelength t selected list value Figure 30: Using the wavelength cntrl applicatin When first starting the sftware an initializatin prcedure is started. During this time the wavelength indicatr is blinking. When finished, the wavelength will be set t the center f the tuning range. This prcess will take abut 20 secnds. There are tw ptins t change the perating wavelength f the OTDR: First the wavelength can be set directly using the upper wavelength cntrl. After selecting the wavelength click the upper SET WAVELENGTH buttn t execute the wavelength change. The secnd ptin is t select the perating wavelength frm the wavelength list by clicking n the crrespnding rw (scrll dwn fr mre wavelengths). After setting the wavelength click the lwer SET WAVELENGTH buttn t execute the wavelength change. The spacing f the wavelength list can be set t 25, 50, 100, r 200 GHz. 33

36 Appendices A. Specificatins A.1. General specificatins Operating system:... Windws Embedded POSReady 7 Prcessr:... AMD G T40E, 2x 1 GHz RAM:... DDR3, 2 GB Strage:... SSD, 60 GB Display:... Tuchscreen TFT 10.4 ; 800x600 pixels Interfaces:... 1x Ethernet RG45; 2x USB Type 2; 1x VGA; 1x Serial prt DC input pwer rating:... 15V/3.2 A External AC adaptr: t 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz Battery:... Li In, 6.6 Ah Battery perating time:... 5 h Battery charging time: h Size: x 240 x 90 mm Weight: kg Operating temperature:... 0 t +40 C (32 t 104 F) Strage temperature: t +60 C (-4 t 140 F) Humidity:... 0% t 90% nn-cndensing 34

37 A.2. Optical specificatins LOR-200 Standard wavelengths : nm; 1490 nm; 1550 nm; 1625 nm ** Fiber type:... Single-mde (9/125), multi-mde (62.5/125, 50/125) Optical cnnectr:... Universal, APC r PC type Optical pulse width:... 2ns, 5ns, 10ns, 30ns, 100ns, 300ns, 1s Measurement range: , 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160km Distance units:... Kilmeter, meter, feet, miles, time (ns) Sampling reslutin:... Any multiple f 2.5 cm (250ps) Ttal number f samples/trace... Measurement range/sample spacing Dynamic range: db / 28 db (1625 nm) Reflectance dynamic range: db (any pulsewidth; -10 db t -108 db) Sensitivity db Event dead zne : cm Attenuatin dead zne : cm Distance accuracy:... (10 mm + [fiber length]510-5 ) Reflectance accuracy:... ± 1dB Others available n request ** Optinal with Raman filter fr active PON mnitring Fr 1 s pulsewidth, 15 db fr 2 ns pulsewidth; S/N=1 Fr a pulsewidth f 2 ns and an ORL f 45 db 35

38 A.3. Optical specificatins LOR-220 Standard wavelengths : nm, 850 nm Fiber type:... Multi-mde (62.5/125, 50/125), single-mde Optical cnnectr:... Universal, APC r PC type Optical pulse width:... 1 ns Measurement range: , 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160km Distance units:... Kilmeter, meter, feet, miles, time (ns) Sampling reslutin:... Any multiple f 2.5 cm (250ps) Ttal number f samples/trace... Measurement range/sample spacing Dynamic range:... >20 db *** Reflectance dynamic range: db (-10 db t -108 db) Sensitivity db Event dead zne : cm Attenuatin dead zne : cm Distance accuracy:... (10 mm + [fiber length]510-5 ) Reflectance accuracy:... ± 1dB A.4. Specificatins Optical Pwer Meter (Optin) Center wavelengths: , 1310, 1550, and 1610 nm Optical pwer range: dbm +3 dbm, (-50 dbm +8 dbm at 850 nm) Linearity:... < ± 0.05 db (between -45 and 0 dbm) Abslute pwer uncertainty:... < ±0.2 db Reslutin: db Fiber cmpatibility:... All (cre 0.5 mm) Receptr diameter:... 1 mm Others available n request *** Fr 1 ns pulsewidth; S/N=1 Fr a pulsewidth f 1 ns and an ORL f 45 db 36

39 B. Warranty and maintenance plicy B.1. Limited warranty Lucil Instruments warrants the Lucil Instruments hardware Prduct against defects in materials and wrkmanship and that the Prduct will cnfrm t the current specificatins under nrmal use and service. Lucil warrants that Lucil wned standard Sftware substantially cnfrms t Specificatins. The warranty perid fr the prduct can be fund n Invice and Delivery nte dcuments related t the purchase f the prduct. The warranty prvided herein shall extend t any prduct which has prved defective and has failed thrugh nrmal use, but excludes and des nt cver any prduct r parts theref which has been accidentally damaged, disassembled, mdified, misused, used in applicatins which exceed the prduct specificatins r ratings, neglected, imprperly installed r therwise abused r used in hazardus activities. In particular, ptical cnnectrs and batteries are excluded frm the warranty. The custmer shall cntact Lucil Instruments SA t btain an authrizatin befre shipping back a prduct t the manufacturer fr service. The custmer will be prvided with a RMA number and instructins fr shipment. Fr cmplete warranty cnditins, please refer t the Lucil Instruments current Terms and cnditins f sale dcument, available upn request. Nte: Custmer service ver the phne r is free f charge Nte: Failure t btain a RMA befre shipment, and/r instructins t fllw may results in delays and may vid the warranty. B.2. Extended warranty ptins The Custmer may chse t purchase an extended warranty ptin, ffering an extensin perid f the initial warranty, under the same cnditins and limitatins. Please cntact Lucil Instruments fr pricing infrmatin. B.3. Installatin and training Once the equipment has been delivered t the Custmer, Lucil Instruments can prvide an installatin and training curse. Please cntact Lucil Instruments fr pricing infrmatin. Custmer Service cntact infrmatins can be fund n 37

40 C. Safety C.1. Laser safety The instrument cmplies with the ptical safety standards in class 1M f the IEC (2001). Warning: Viewing the laser utput with certain ptical instruments (fr example, eye lupes, magnifiers and micrscpes) within a distance f 100 mm may pse an eye hazard. Depending n the peratin wavelength(s), ne f the fllwing pair f labels is affixed t the instrument: Fr detailed wavelength infrmatin see the label attached t the instrument r refer t the test sheet f yur instrument. 38

41 C.2. External pwer supply Always use the external pwer supply supplied with the instrument. Use f any ther supply may vid the warranty, and may lead t damage t the equipment r fire. C.3. Electric cables T prevent electric shck, never use damaged cables r plugs Never bend r twist the electric cable t unplug the unit. D nt place heavy r sharp items n the cable. Always pull n the plug itself t unplug the unit. D nt attempt t dismantle r repair the external pwer supply. Cntact us fr replacement. C.4. Safety instructins T ensure crrect functinning f the instrument, d nt blck the ventilatin hles n each side f the instrument. D. Cmplience symbls Management f WEEE (waste electrical and electrnic equipment) The symbl n the prduct r n its packaging indicates that this prduct may nt be treated as regular husehld waste. By ensuring this prduct is dispsed f crrectly, yu will help prtect the envirnment. Fr mre detailed infrmatin abut the recycling f this prduct, please cntact yur lcal authrity, yur husehld waste dispsal service r cntact yur lcal Lucil Instruments distributer. The instrument cmplies with EN61326: 2002 (Class A), EN : 2001, EN

42 E. Battery declaratin Battery type used in LOR OTDRs: Li-In, 6 cells, < 100Wh, in cmpliance f sectin II r PI 967 Fr shipping: Shipper s declaratin is nt required Equipment must be in strng uter packaging Pack must display an IATA lithium battery label as belw: The fllwing statement must be included n the air waybill (if an air waybill is used): Lithium in battery in cmpliance with Sectin II f PI967 N dangerus gds declaratin t be dne. Fr Air transprtatin within passenger baggage: Batteries fr the LOR OTDRs meet the requirements f the UN Manual f Tests and Criteria, Part III, subsectin 38.3 and therefre the LOR OTDR can be carried in a carry-n baggage r checked baggage with n restrictin. (Passenger must take measures t prevent unintentinal activatin) All spare batteries fr the LOR must be individually packed and prtected t prevent shrt-circuit. Manual LOR-200/220 rev.10 Sftware versin 2.32 Cpyright 2014 Lucil Instruments SA. All rights reserved. N part f this manual may be reprduced in any frm r by any means withut prir agreement frm Lucil Instruments SA. 40