Table of Contents Overview Getting Started with WaveForms

Transcription

1 1300 Henley Curt Pullman, WA WaveFrms 2015 Reference Manual Revised February 23, 2017 This manual applies t WaveFrms 2015 Table f Cntents Table f Cntents... 1 Overview Getting Started with WaveFrms Trublesht WaveFrms Select and Instrument The Wrkspace and Prject Optins Device Manager Device Calibratin Cmmn Interfaces Menu Lists Plts Dcking Windws Exprt Script Lgging States WaveFrms 2015 Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 1 f 98

2 6.1 Acquisitin States Generatr States Triggers Installer Oscillscpe Menu View Cntrl Channels Time Grup Real Channels Input Cupling Math Channels Custm Math Channel Reference Channels Main Plt HtTrack Cursrs Digital Channels Views FFT XY Histgram Data Measurements Lgging Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 2 f 98

3 5.7 X Cursrs Y Cursrs Exprt Wavefrm Generatr Menu Edit Cntrl Preview Channel Cnfiguratin Mdes Simple Basic Custm Sweep Advanced States Editr Imprt Pwer Supplies Analg Discvery Analg Discvery Electrnics Explrer Data Lgger Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 3 f 98

4 1 Plt Exprt Lgic Analyzer Menu View Cntrl Signal Grid HtTrack Cursrs Prperty Editr Signal Bus SPI I2C UART Views Data Lgging Cursrs Exprt Digital Pattern Generatr Menu Cntrl Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 4 f 98

5 3 Signals Grid Prperty Editr Signal Bus Parameter Editr Parameters Custm Plt Custm Imprt Static Input/Output Grups Bit I/O LED Buttn Switch Slider Prgress Bar segment Netwrk Analyzer Menu View Cntrl Channels WaveGen Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 5 f 98

6 3.2 Magnitude Phase Add Channel Channel Reference Bde Plt HtTrack Cursrs Views Time Plt Nyquist Plt Nichls Plt Cursrs Exprt Spectrum Analyzer Menu View Cntrl Traces Magnitude Channel Trace Plt HtTrack Cursrs Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 6 f 98

7 5 Views Time View Measurements Cmpnents Cursrs Exprt Script Menu Cntrl Output Cde Examples SDK and Runtime WaveFrms Tlkit fr LabView Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 7 f 98

8 Overview WaveFrms is the virtual instrument suite fr Electrnics Explrer, Analg Discvery, Analg Discvery 2 and Analg Discvery 2 - NI Editin devices. Features: Crss platfrm In app scripting using JavaScript Oscillscpe Triggers Edge, pulse, transitin, hysteresis, hld-ff XY, data, histgram, measurements view, cursr, httrack Custm script measurements Stream acquisitin Mixed mde with lgic analyzer Data lgging Standard and custm math, reference channels Reference data imprt frm file and use in math channel Wavefrm Generatr Functin, custm and sweep generatr, AM/FM ptins, play mde Vltage Supply Data Lgger Lgic Analyzer Simple (edge/level) trigger Signal, bus, SPI, I2C, UART prtcl interpreters CAN, I2S, Custm prtcl interpreters Data lgging Stream acquisitin Better cursrs httrack Pattern Generatr Clck, pulse, binary, Gray, Jhnsn cunters, custm Static I/O Netwrk Analyzer Nyquist, Nichls, time view Reference Channels Attenuatin setting Aut Range/Offset Magnitude units Spectrum Analyzer Measurements, time view Cmpnents list 1 Getting Started with WaveFrms 2015 Install the WaveFrms 2015 sftware, if yu haven't already. Installer Details fr mre infrmatin. Cnnect yur bard t yur PC using the USB cnnectr and the supplied USB cable. Start the WaveFrms applicatin frm the Start Menu > All Prgrams > Digilent > WaveFrms 2015 > WaveFrms. The applicatin starts and cnnects t yur bard. The status bar f the WaveFrms main windw displays the device name and serial number, as shwn belw. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 8 f 98

9 Figure 1.1. WaveFrms main windw. 1.1 Trublesht WaveFrms 2015 Only ne applicatin can be cnnected t ne bard at a time. If yu get the message The selected device is being used by anther applicatin check the taskbar fr ther applicatins in use. If the applicatin is nt wrking as expected, try starting the WaveFrms applicatin frm the MS Windws Start Menu > All Prgrams > Digilent > WaveFrms 2015 > WaveFrms Safe Mde r the WaveFrms applicatin with clear parameter. See the device-specific trubleshting: Analg Discvery Analg Discvery 2 Electrnics Explrer Bard 1.2 Select and Instrument The WaveFrm's main windw Welcme tab (shwn abve) has buttns fr each instrument: Scpe (Oscillscpe), Wavegen (Arbitrary Wavefrm Generatr), Supplies (Supplies and Reference Vltages), Meters (Vltmeters), Analyzer (Lgic Analyzer), Patterns (Digital Pattern Generatr), Static I/O (Static Digital Input/Output), Bde (Netwrk Analyzer), Spectrum Analyzer and Script instruments. The instruments can als be pened frm the Welcme tab + (add) menu. An instrument's buttn is disabled when the selected device r cnfiguratin des nt supprt it. The Settings menu cntains the Optins, the Device Manager, and Trigger PC. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 9 f 98

10 The Wrkspace's Open, Save, and Save as buttns allw the user t lad r save WaveFrms 2015 wrkspaces. When an instrument is clsed, its state is saved and laded when repened. The New buttn creates a new wrkspace, which can be used t clse the instruments that are currently pen while als frgetting the last instrument cnfiguratins. 1.3 The Wrkspace and Prject The wrkspace refers t any pen instruments and their current state. The wrkspace can be laded and saved with the Open and Save/Save as buttns in the WaveFrm's Welcme tab. The wrkspace can be saved in ne f the fllwing mdes selected by the save filter: All data: saves all data; buffered Oscillscpe and Lgic Analyzer acquisitins, Oscillscpe reference channel samples, custm AWG wavefrms, and Pattern Generatr custm data are saved. This ptin can result in a file size f several megabytes. Reduced size: saves nly the Oscillscpe reference channels and selected buffer, selected Lgic Analyzer buffer, selected custm AWG wavefrms, and Pattern Generatr custm data. The wrkspace files are assciated with WaveFrms. When yu pen a wrkspace (duble-click n a *.dwf3wrk file) and WaveFrms is running, it will be pened with the last used applicatin instance. Otherwise, if WaveFrms is nt currently running, it will pen with a new applicatin instance. The prject refers t an instrument and its current state. The prject can be laded and saved with the Open and Save buttns in each instrument. The prject files are assciated with WaveFrms. When yu pen a prject (duble-click n a *.dwf3scpe, *.dwf3wavegen, *dwf3analyzer, file) and WaveFrms is running, it will be pened with the last used applicatin instance. Otherwise, if WaveFrms is nt currently running, it will pen with a new applicatin instance. 2 Optins The Optins windw allws yu t select varius display and cnfiguratin preferences. T pen the Optins windw, select the Settings / Optins menu frm the WaveFrms windw. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 10 f 98

11 Figure 2.1. WaveFrms 2015 Optins windw. Instrument windws: Specifies hw the instrument windws are pened; it can be ne f the fllwing ptins: Separate: separate windws. Tabs: tabs in main windw. MDI: multiple dcument interface. Style: Select the applicatin GUI style. The available ptins depend n the system. It is recmmended t restart the applicatin after a change. Analg/Digital clr: Selects the clr fr analg r digital instrument plts. Graphics ptimizatin: adjusts the balance between quality and speed.the fllwing ptins depend n the selected device. Trigger #: Trigger pin can be cnfigured t be input (default) r be driven by an instrument's trigger signal. 3 Device Manager The Device Manager allws yu t select the device and cnfiguratin t use with the WaveFrms applicatin. T pen the Device Manager, select the Settings / Device Manager menu r click n the windw's status bar device buttn frm the WaveFrms windw. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 11 f 98

12 Figure 3.1. WaveFrms 2015 Device Manager. Devices list: Select the device yu want t use. The Dem device allws yu t explre WaveFrms's capabilities withut a physical device being cnnected t the PC. Cnfiguratins: Select the cnfiguratin yu want t use fr the selected device. The cnfiguratins have different device buffer-memry distributins fr the instruments and ther capabilities, like number f pins r channels. Calibrate list: The Calibrate buttn pens the Calibratin windw. 4 Device Calibratin The Device Calibratin windw allws yu t calibrate (fine-tune) a device's analg cmpnents, like the readvltage levels f the Oscillscpe r Vltmeters, the utput level f the Wavefrm Generatr r Adjustable Pwer Supplies f the Electrnics Explrer bard, r the Oscillscpe and Wavefrm Generatr f the Analg Discvery device. Start the Device Calibratin windw frm the WaveFrms main windw Settings / Device Manager. The fllwing windw will pen. The items in the calibratin list depend n the selected device type. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 12 f 98

13 Figure 4.1. WaveFrms 2015 Device Calibratin windw. File: Reset: Open: lads a previusly saved calibratin parameter file. Save: stres the current calibratin parameters t a file. Discard changes: cancels any changes made after pening the Device Calibratin windw r pressing the Apply buttn. Lad Factry: lads the default calibratin parameters. Reset t Zer: resets the calibratin parameters t zer. Apply: saves the calibratin changes made t the device. Calibratin tab: allws yu t duble-click a listed item t start its calibratin. Parameters tab: allws yu t review the calibratin parameters. References tab: allws yu t review the measured calibratin and reference values. 5 Cmmn Interfaces 5.1 Menu The menu strips f the instrument windws generally have: File menu where prject pen and save peratins can be perfrmed. Figure 5.1. File menu. New Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 13 f 98

14 Empty: pens a new empty instrument. Clne: pens a new instrument with the same cnfiguratin as the ne f the current instrument. Open Prject: pens an instrument prject. Save Prject: saves an instrument prject t file. Exprt: exprts data r screensht frm ne f the pened views. See Exprt fr mre infrmatin. Clse: clses the instrument. Cntrl menu with single, run, and stp cntrls. Figure 5.2. Cntrl menu. Single: starts a single acquisitin. Run: starts repeated acquisitins r cntinuus generatin. Stp: stps the instrument. View menu where child windws, tlbars, and ther visual ptins can be selected. Windw menu cntains links t the main windw and all pen instrument windws f this applicatin. Figure 5.3. Windw menu. Help menu cntains: Brwse: pens Help in the default brwser. Hme Page: pens the Digilent web page. Abut: pens the Abut dialg t shw the sftware versin and supprt cntact. 5.2 Lists The muse peratins fr lists are as fllws: Left muse click: selects an element Shift and left muse click: selects an element range. Cntrl and left muse click: adds an element t the selectin list. Muse mve with pressed left buttn n rw header: mves the selected elements. Delete buttn: remves selected elements. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 14 f 98

15 Figure 5.4. Select elements. Figure 5.5. Cntrl and left muse click t add an element t the selectin list. Figure 5.6. Pressing left muse buttn and mving will mve the selected elements. 5.3 Plts The center f the plt is marked with grid lines. Each vertical and hrizntal line cnstitutes a majr divisin. Fr linear scales these are laid ut in a 10-by-10 divisin pattern. The tick marks n the sides between majr divisins are called minr divisins. Fr lgarithmic scales majr tick ticks are shw fr each decay value and minr ticks fr 2,3,4 pints. The plt sides allw scaling adjustment with left-buttn muse drag the ffset/psitin is changed and with rightbuttn r muse wheel r left-buttn and Alt key pressed the range is changed. The Ctrl key speeds up and Shift slws dwn the respective peratin. Each plt has a drp-dwn buttn in the tp-right crner r muse right-click shws menu cntaining ptins fr: Clr: selects the clr theme fr this plt. Plt Width: sets the thickness f the wavefrm, expressed as pints. The HtTrack lets yu take measurements by mving the muse cursr. This shws a vertical cursr and the values at intersectins with wavefrms. This can be enabled and disabled with the tggle buttn in the tp-right crner r muse duble click n the plt. Click n the plt lcks r unlcks the httrack t current psitin. The Cursrs are used t measure the amplitude, t indicate certain places n the wavefrm, such as band r channel limits. Using delta cursrs, yu can make measurements that deal with pwer change with frequency r time. These can be added by pressing the X buttn in the plt bttm left crner. The Y cursrs in Scpe main time plt can be added by Y buttn in tp right crner. The first cursrs is by default added as nrmal cursr, the Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 15 f 98

16 fllwing nes as delta f this, shwing the difference. The cursrs psitin can be mdified by muse drag, keybard arrw keys r adjustment cntrl in cursr's drp-dwn menu. Muse buttn middle click remves the cursr. The cursrs can be selected with the channel number shrtcut, pressing 1, 2,... The Cursr view enabled in the instrument's View menu shws the psitin and measurements in table. The cursr's drp dwn menu and the table as well, cntains adjustment cntrls fr the reference cursr selectin, psitin, delta value relative t reference cursr and remve buttn. Fr hrizntal cursrs the psitin is expressed in hrizntal axis unit and vertical value is shwn in intersectin with each wavefrm. 5.4 Dcking Windws The dcking windws functinality gives yu flexible rganizatin f dcking windws within the parent windw. Figure 5.7. Dcking windw functinality. The windws can be dragged by their tp brder. When dragging is abve the margins f the parent windw, it will indicate the drp regin. If yu release the muse, the child windw will be dcked t the crrespnding margin. If yu psitin a child windw abve anther child windw with same parent, it can dck in tabular mde. Releasing a windw utside f drp regins makes the windw flat. 5.5 Exprt The Exprt dialg lets yu save the data r screensht. The data can be saved as CSV (cmma separated values) r TXT (tab delimited values). By checking the save ptins, the fllwing infrmatin will als be saved: Cmments: title, device name, serial number, and sftware versin. Header: clumn header names, fr instance: Time (s), C1 (V), etc. Label: first clumn, depending n the selected surce this can be time r frequency. The screensht image can be saved in varius image frmats. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 16 f 98

17 Figure 5.8. Exprting screensht. Figure 5.9. Exprting data. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 17 f 98

18 5.6 Script The script editr uses java-script language t create custm Math channel in Scpe, custm wavefrm pattern in WaveGen and Meter channel functin. These expect mathematical functin which will be called fr each sample t transfrm input value (data r X). The specific bjects and variables available in each f these can be fund under the Insert menu Lcals grup. Beside these the standard script elements are the fllwing: mathematical peratins: additin +, subtractin -, multiplicatin *, divisin /, reminder %. brackets: parenthesis (), square brackets [] cnstants: Math.E, Math.PI, Math.LN2, Math.LN10 functins: Math.lg (lgarithm), Math.pw (pwer), Math.min (minimum), Math.max (maximum), Math.sqrt (square rt), Math.sine, Math.cs, Math.tan, Math.acs, Math.atan, Math.atan2, Math.abs (abslute value), Math.rund, Math.flr, Math.ceil The custm measurements in Scpe expects a mre cmplex script, where the value in the last line is the result. Here yu prbably need t implement lp t prcess the acquisitin data. Fr further infrmatin, see Script Cde. 5.7 Lgging The Lgging tl allws yu t save data n each acquisitin r executing custm script cde. This is available in Scpe, and Analyzer instruments. Figure Lgging exprt tab. Figure Lgging Script tab. Execute: selects when the lgging will be executed. Manual: nly by pressing the Save buttn. Each acquisitin. Each triggered acquisitin. Index: is the variable that is autmatically incremented after each save peratin and can be used in file naming in Simple mde. Maximum: specifies the limit fr Index value fr which Simple save peratin is perfrmed. Exprt Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 18 f 98

19 Surce: selects the surce f saving which can be acquisitin r an pened view. The fllwing ptins are available: Cmments: title, device name, serial number, date and time. Header: clumn header names, fr instance: Time (s), C1 (V), etc. Label: first clumn, depending n selected surce this can be time r frequency. Path: specifies the flder where the files will be saved. File: specifies the file name. See the ptins in the right f the File field fr available regular expressins t generate file names. Number sign (#) will be replaced by Index and mre # signs indicate zer padding the number. The expressin between square brackets will be replaced by date and time: Expressin Output d the day as a number withut a leading zer (1 t 31). dd the day as a number with a leading zer (01 t 31). ddd dddd the abbreviated lcalized day name (e.g., 'Mn' t 'Sun'). Uses the system lcale t lcalize the name. the lng lcalized day name (e.g., 'Mnday' t 'Sunday'). Uses the system lcale t lcalize the name. M the mnth as a number withut a leading zer (1-12). MM the mnth as a number with a leading zer (01-12). MMM MMMM the abbreviated lcalized mnth name (e.g., 'Jan' t 'Dec'). Uses the system lcale t lcalize the name. the lng lcalized mnth name (e.g., 'January' t 'December'). Uses the system lcale t lcalize the name. yy the year as a tw-digit number (00-99). yyyy the year as a fur-digit number. h the hur withut a leading zer (0 t 23 r 1 t 12 if AM/PM display). hh the hur with a leading zer (00 t 23 r 01 t 12 if AM/PM display). H the hur withut a leading zer (0 t 23, even with AM/PM display). HH the hur with a leading zer (00 t 23, even with AM/PM display). m the minute withut a leading zer (0 t 59). mm the minute with a leading zer (00 t 59). s the secnd withut a leading zer (0 t 59). Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 19 f 98

20 ss the secnd with a leading zer (00 t 59). z the millisecnds withut leading zeres (0 t 999). zzz the millisecnds with leading zeres (000 t 999). AP r A use AM/PM display. A/AP will be replaced by either AM r PM. ap r a use am/pm display. a/ap will be replaced by either am r pm. t the timezne (fr example CEST ). Script allws yu t perfrm custm save peratins with the instrument bject (Scpe r Lgic). See Script fr mre details. 6 States The active instruments (Oscillscpe, Wavegen, Lgic, and Patterns) step thrugh states while acquiring r generating a signal. Frm each f these instruments, multiple instances can be pened at a time; hwever, nly ne instance can be active. When mre instruments f the same type are pened, the last used instance (after pressing Run r Stp) cntrls the device. The thers display a Busy status. 6.1 Acquisitin States Ready: instrument is nt running. Cnfig: instrument is under cnfiguratin r acquisitin buffer is prefilled. Armed: instrument is armed and is waiting fr a trigger event t ccur. Trig'd: acquisitin is triggered. It is useful when repeated acquisitins are running t see whether the trigger cnditin was met r the acquisitin was autmatic. Aut: acquisitin is autmatically started and nt by the trigger cnditin. Dne: single acquisitin is cmpleted. Stp: instrument was stpped. Scan: instrument is running in scan screen r shift mde. Errr: is displayed if yu have just discnnected the device frm the PC. 6.2 Generatr States The fllwing diagram illustrates the states f the Arbitrary Wavefrm Generatr and Digital Pattern Generatr. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 20 f 98

21 Figure 6.1. Arbitrary Wavefrm Generatr and Digital Pattern Generatr states. The instrument leaves the Ready state if it is started with the Run r Run All buttns r any changes have been made. The instrument is in the Cnfig state fr a shrt while when the new cnfiguratin is applied. It then ges t the Armed state if it is started r changes have been made while running. Otherwise, it ges back t the Ready state. In the Armed state, it waits fr the trigger. The trigger can cme frm any ther instrument r external surce. If 'Nne' trigger surce has been specified, signal generatin starts immediately. It pauses in the Wait state until the specified wait time elapses. In the Run state, signal generatin is enabled until the specified run-time elapses. If the cntinuus ptin has been specified, it stays in this state until stpped. The (Trigger) Wait Run cycle is repeated the number f times specified by the Repeat parameter, then it ges t the Dne state. If the infinite ptin has been specified, it always ges back t the Wait state until it is stpped. The Repeat cycle can be cnfigured t include Trigger r nt. Wait Run mde: nce triggered, will repeat the wait-run cycle fr the specified times. Trigger Wait Run mde: waits fr the trigger event each time befre entering the Wait and Run states. If any setting (frequency, duty, signal type, etc.) is mdified, frm any state, it ges right t the Cnfig state. If the instrument was running, it will be started again. 7 Triggers The trigger event is the rising edge f the trigger signal. The Electrnics Explrer bard has fur trigger input pins. They are used by the Oscillscpe, Arbitrary Wavefrm Generatrs, Lgic Analyzer, and Digital Pattern Generatr instruments. The instruments utput a trigger signal as lng as they are in Run state. Any f these instruments can be triggered by any f the trigger signals cming frm external pins r the ther instruments. The Wavefrm Generatr channels can functin as independent instruments, having their wn cntrller, r in synchrnized mde when the selected channels are cntrlled by ne state cntrller. The input instruments (Oscillscpe and Lgic) have a trigger detectr based n their input channels. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 21 f 98

22 The Trigger PC event is generated by pressing the buttn under the main windw device menu. On the Electrnics Explrer bard, this trigger event is generated when the bard switch is turned t the n psitin as well. The Nne trigger mde cnfiguratin in the instruments means that acquisitin r generatin desn't wait fr a trigger, it starts immediately. The Aut trigger mde fr input instruments means that if the trigger cnditin desn't appear in apprximately tw secnds, acquisitin is started autmatically. In multiple acquisitin mde, when the instruments switch t Aut trigger, subsequent acquisitins are made withut waiting fr timeut as lng as a trigger event des nt ccur and the cnfiguratin is nt changed. When a new trigger event ccurs r the cnfiguratin is changed, the current acquisitin is finished and the next ne waits fr the trigger. It is als the best mde t use if yu are lking at many signals and d nt want t set the trigger each time. Figure 7.1. Trigger states. 8 Installer The Mac OS X applicatin is packaged in an Apple Disk Image file, like: digilent.wavefrms_3.0.0.dmg. T install the applicatin, cpy it frm the image t the Applicatins flder. Fr Linux, the applicatin is available in DEB and RPM packages fr 32 and 64-bit systems. The required Digilent Adept Runtime must be installed separately. The installers fr Micrsft Windws, like digilent.wavefrms_v3.0.0.exe, has the fllwing cmmand line arguments: /S (silent mde) installs r updates WaveFrms withut the installatin wizard. If yu use this ptin while WaveFrms is running, installatin might fail. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 22 f 98

23 /CurrentUser r /AllUsers creates and installs shrtcuts fr the current user r fr all users. This ptin wrks fr fresh installs f WaveFrms. Updates r additins use the ptin frm the first installatin. T change this ptin, WaveFrms must be uninstalled and then installed again. /QuickLaunch creates Quick Launch shrtcuts (nly Windws XP ). /Update nly already installed cmpnents are selected. The fllwing are the cmmand line arguments fr the WaveFrms applicatin: -safe-mde: launches the applicatin in safe mde withut lading the saved ptins and recent wrkspace list. *.dwf3wrk: lads the wrkspace. Fr prjects, the instrument is pened and prject laded: *.dwf3scpe: Scpe - Oscillscpe. *.dwf3wavegen: Wavegen - Wavefrm Generatr. *.dwf3lgic: Lgic Analyzer. *.dwf3patterns: Pattern Generatr. *.dwf3supplies: Pwer Supplies. *.dwf3lgger: Data Lgger. *.dwf3static: Static I/O. *.dwf3netwrk: Netwrk Analyzer. *.dwf3spectrum: Spectrum Analyzer. *.dwf3script: Script. In rder fr these ptins t wrk, the path where the applicatin is installed has t be selected in the cmmand line. Oscillscpe An scillscpe (r scpe ) allws yu t view signal vltages, typically in a tw-dimensinal graph where ne r mre electrical ptential differences (n the vertical axis) are pltted as a functin f time r f sme ther vltage (n the hrizntal axis). Mst f the time, scillscpes are used t shw events that repeat with either n change r change slwly. Figure 1.1. Oscillscpe graph. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 23 f 98

24 1 Menu See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. 1.1 View Figure 1.2. View tab. Add Zm: adds a new Zm view. Add XY: adds a new XY view. FFT: pens/clses the FFT view. Histgram: pens/clses the Histgram view. Persistence: pens/clses the Persistence view Data: pens/clses the Data view. Measure: pens/clses the Measurements. Lgging: pens/clses Lgging tl. Audi: pens/clses Lgging tl. X Cursrs: pens/clses X Cursrs view. Y Cursrs: pens/clses Y Cursrs view. Digital: enables/disables the Digital Channels. 2 Cntrl Figure 2.1. Cntrl tlbar. The Cntrl tlbar allws yu t stabilize repeating wavefrms and capture single-sht wavefrms. By default, this nly shws the imprtant ptins. The dwn/up arrw in the tp left crner shws/hides the ther features. Single buttn: starts a single acquisitin. Run/Stp buttn: starts a repeated, cntinuus, r stream acquisitin (see Run mde). While the acquisitin is in prgress, the Run buttn becmes the Stp buttn. Run: The ptins in Run mde select the actin f the Run buttn and are the fllwing: Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 24 f 98

25 Repeated: the Run buttn starts repeated acquisitins. Scan Screen: scan acquisitin where the sampled data is drawn frm left t right. When the right crner is reached, the signal curve plt cntinues frm the left. Scan Shift: similar t the screen mde, but when the signal plt reaches the right crner, the curve plt slides t the left. Stream: allws capturing large number f samples at lwer rates. In this mde, the samples are streamed thrugh the USB limiting the rate (depending n the system and ther cnnected devices) at abut 1M samples/sec. Selecting the scan mdes (Screen and Shift) will change the time base t be at least 1 secnd span, 100 ms/divisin. Adjusting the time base t lwer than this value will change t Repeated mde. Buffer: The perfrmed acquisitins are stred in the PC buffer in time rder. This makes it easy t review a series f repeated acquisitins. The new acquisitins are stred after the currently selected buffer psitin. If yu change the psitin in the buffer and start a new acquisitin, the psitins after the selected ne will be lst. Mde: The three trigger mdes are: Nrmal: the acquisitin is triggered nly n the specified cnditin. The scillscpe nly sweeps if the input signal reaches the set trigger pint. Aut: when the trigger cnditin des nt appear in 2 secnds, the acquisitin is started autmatically. In repeated acquisitin mde, when the instrument switches t aut trigger, the next acquisitins are made withut waiting again t timeut while a trigger event des nt ccur and the cnfiguratin is nt changed. When a new trigger event ccurs, r the cnfiguratin is changed, the current acquisitin will be finished and the next ne will wait fr the trigger again. It is als the best mde t use if yu are lking at many signals and d nt want t bther setting the trigger each time. Nne: the acquisitin is started withut a trigger. Aut Set buttn: perfrms autmatic adjustment f the enabled real and mathematic channels, and trigger cnfiguratin accrding t the input signals. The ffset and range f the real channels is determined by the minimum and maximum input levels f ne secnd time span. The trigger is set t rising edge f the channel with the lwest frequency and higher amplitude input signal. Surce: The trigger surce selects the scillscpe channel that is used fr the trigger. Other instruments r external trigger signals can be used t trigger the scillscpe. Type: The trigger type selects between edge, pulse, and transitin. Edge: Edge triggering is the basic and mst cmmn type. Fr edge triggering, the trigger level and slpe cntrls prvide the basic trigger pint definitin. The trigger circuit acts as a cmparatr. Yu select the slpe and vltage level f ne side f the cmparatr. When the trigger signal matches yur settings, the scillscpe generates a trigger. The slpe-cnditin cntrl determines whether the trigger pint is n the rising r the falling edge f a signal. A rising edge is a psitive slpe and a falling edge is a negative slpe. The level cntrl determines where the trigger pint ccurs n the edge. The fllwing figure shws yu hw the trigger slpe and level settings determine the wavefrm display. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 25 f 98

26 Figure 2.2. Wavefrm displays. Pulse: If the trigger type is set t Pulse, then the scillscpe will trigger if a psitive/negative pulse has a larger/smaller length than the ne already set by the user. Fr example, if the pulse is smaller than the length set, and the triggering cnditin is set t mre, the scillscpe will nt trigger. The picture belw shws a psitive pulse trigger cnfigured fr less than 200 µs. Figure 2.3. Psitive pulse trigger fr less than 200 µs. The picture belw shws a psitive pulse trigger cnfigured fr time-ut at 200 µs. Figure 2.3. Psitive pulse trigger cnfigured fr time-ut at 200 µs. The picture belw shws a psitive pulse trigger cnfigured fr mre than 200 µs. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 26 f 98

27 Figure 2.4. Psitive pulse trigger cnfigured fr mre than 200 µs. Transitin: The transitin trigger is similar t the pulse trigger, but here the transitin time f a signal is cmpared with the specified length. The lw and high transitin levels are specified by the hysteresis windw. The picture belw shws a rising transitins trigger frm -3V t +3V cnfigured fr less than 200 µs. Figure 2.5. Rising transitins trigger frm -3V t +3V cnfigured fr less than 200 µs. The picture belw shws a rising transitins trigger frm -3V t +3V cnfigured fr time-ut at 200 µs. Figure 2.6. Rising transitins trigger frm -3V t +3V cnfigured fr time-ut at 200 µs. Cnditin: The trigger cnditin fr Edge and Transitin type selects between rising r falling edge. Fr Pulse trigger it selects between psitive r negative pulse. Level: The trigger level is the adjustable vltage level at which the scpe triggers when the trigger input crsses this value. See Hysteresis and Type. Hysteresis: Using hysteresis, lw and high levels are determined (the trigger level plus and minus the hysteresis value). When the signal level exceeds the high level, it is cnsidered as high and will stay high Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 27 f 98

28 until falling belw the lw level. This is used t avid buncing caused by signal nise and als t specify the transitin trigger cnditins. The Aut ptin uses 1% f the specified trigger channel range value. Figure 2.7. Using hysteresis t determine high and lw levels. The picture belw shws hw, withut hysteresis, the trigger event als ccurs n the falling edge f the input signal due t signal nise. Figure 2.8. Withut hysteresis, the trigger event als ccurs n the falling edge f the input signal due t signal nise. Length Cnditin: The trigger length cnditin selects between less, time ut, r mre fr pulse length r transitin time. See Pulse and Transitin trigger. Trigger Length: The trigger length specifies the minimal r maximal pulse length r transitin time. See Pulse and Transitin trigger. Hldff: The trigger hldff is an adjustable perid f time during which the scillscpe will nt trigger. This feature is useful when yu are triggering n cmplex wavefrm shapes, s the scillscpe triggers nly n the first eligible trigger pint. The fllwing figure shws hw the trigger hldff helps t create a usable display. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 28 f 98

29 Figure 2.9. Trigger with 10ms hldff. Figure Trigger withut hldff. The hldff length shuld be arund the maximum burst length, preferably a little bit mre, but nt less than this. Fr the abve situatin the hldff value shuld be arund 6ms, but lengths between 6 and 15 ms are als acceptable. Gear: Buffers: Specifies the number f buffers. Filter: The trigger sample selects the sample mde that will be used by the trigger detectr. This can be different frm the ne used fr acquisitin, which is why the trigger event might nt be visible n the acquired data. The Aut ptin uses a filter based n the selected trigger surce channel Sample Mde. 3 Channels This tlbar cntains the time and channel cnfiguratin grups. The tggle buttn in the tp-left crner enables/disables the aut hiding f this tlbar. Figure 3.1. Channel tlbar. The Add Channel buttn pens a drp-dwn with the fllwing ptins: Math: creates a new simple r custm math channel. Reference: the selected channel wavefrm is saved as a reference channel r wavefrm data imprted frm file. Digital: creates a new digital channel and enables the digital channels. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 29 f 98

30 The check-bx befre the grup name enables r disables the respective channel. The drp-dwn prperties buttn in the tp-right crner allws yu t cnfigure the channel prperties. The math and reference channels als have a clse buttn. 3.1 Time Grup Figure 3.2. Time grup. Use the time grup t psitin and scale the wavefrm hrizntally using the time base and the hrizntal trigger psitin cntrls. Psitin: The hrizntal psitin cntrl mves the wavefrm left r right t exactly where yu want it n the screen. It actually represents the hrizntal psitin f the trigger in the wavefrm recrding. Varying the hrizntal trigger psitin allws yu t capture what a signal did befre a trigger event (s-called pre-trigger viewing ). Digital scillscpes can prvide pre-trigger viewing because they cnstantly prcess the input signal, whether a trigger has been received r nt. Pre-trigger viewing is a valuable trubleshting aid. Fr example, if a prblem ccurs intermittently yu can trigger n the prblem, recrd the events that led up t it, and pssibly find the cause. Base: The time base (secnds/divisin) setting frm the channel cnfiguratin tlbar lets yu select the rate at which the wavefrm is drawn acrss the screen. This setting is a scale factr. Fr example, if the setting is 1 ms, each hrizntal divisin represents 1 ms and the ttal screen width represents 10 ms (ten divisins). Changing the sec/div setting allws yu t visualize lnger r shrter time intervals f the input signal. In the prperty drp-dwn, the fllwing can be cnfigured: Psitin as divisin: selects the unit f the psitin parameter, divisin, r secnds. Range Mde: selects the display mde fr time base (per divisin, plus-minus, and full). Rate: adjusts the sample rate. Samples: adjust the number f samples t acquire. Digital: Rate: adjusts the sample rate fr digital channels. Samples: adjust the number f samples t acquire fr digital channels. Nise: selects t acquire digital nise samples in half f the digital buffer. Update: this specifies the time perid at which the applicatin will check the scillscpe device status and read the acquired data in repeated Run mde. Increase the time t reduce the update rate. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 30 f 98

31 3.2 Real Channels Figure 3.3. Real Channels tlbar. Use the real channel (vertical cntrls) t psitin and scale the wavefrms vertically using the ffset and range cntrls fr each channel. Offset: The ffset (vertical psitin) cntrl lets yu mve the wavefrm up r dwn t exactly where yu want it n the screen. The ffset is the vltage difference between the center line f the scillscpe screen and the actual grund. This difference is generated by an internal ffset vltage surce. Range: The range (vlts/divisin) cntrls determine the vertical scale f the graph drawn n the scillscpe screen. The vlts/div setting is a scale factr. Fr example, if the vlts/div setting is 2 vlts, then each f the ten vertical divisins represents 2 vlts and the entire screen can shw 20 vlts frm bttm t tp. If the setting is 0.5 vlts/div, the screen can display 5 vlts frm bttm t tp, and s n. The maximum vltage yu can display n the screen is the vlts/div setting multiplied by the number f vertical divisins. In the prperty drp-dwn, the fllwing can be cnfigured: Clr: sets the channel wavefrm clr. Offset as divisin: selects the unit f the ffset parameter, divisin, r vltage. Nise: shws r hides the nise band (min/max values). Range mde: selects the display mde fr the range f the channels (per divisin, plus-minus, and full). Attenuatin: specifies the used prbe attenuatin. Sample Mde: sets the acquisitin sample mde. The scillscpe AD cnverter wrks at a fixed frequency. Depending n the time base setting and the size f the scillscpe buffer, the sampling frequency can be less than the AD cnversin frequency. Fr instance, if the AD cnversin frequency is 100 MHz (10 ns), the buffer size is 8000 samples and the time base is 200 µs/divisin, then between tw samples there will be 25 AD cnversins. The fllwing filters can be applied t the extra cnversins: Decimate: will recrd nly the Nth AD cnversin. Average: each sample will be calculated as the average f the AD cnversins. Min/Max: each tw samples will be calculated as the minimum and maximum value f the cnversin results. Exprt: Opens exprt windw with the respective channel data. See Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Name: specifies the channel name. Label: specifies the channel label Input Cupling Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 31 f 98

32 Cupling is the methd used t cnnect an electrical signal frm ne circuit t anther. In this case, the input cupling is the cnnectin frm yur test circuit t the scillscpe. On the Electrnics Explrer bard, the input cupling AC and DC are separate input cnnectrs n the bard with AC and DC marks. On the Analg Discvery BNC Adapter jumper, select between AC and DC cupling. DC cupling shws all f an input signal. AC cupling blcks the DC cmpnent f a signal s that yu see the wavefrm centered at zer vlts. The fllwing diagram illustrates this difference. The AC cupling setting is handy when the entire signal (alternating plus cntinuus cmpnents) is t large fr the vlts/div setting. Figure 3.4. Difference between AC and DC cupling. 2V peak-t-peak sine wave with 2V DC cmpnent 3.3 Math Channels Figure 3.5. Math channel tlbar. The integrated mathematical functins allw yu t perfrm a variety f mathematical calculatins n the input signals f the scillscpe. Simple and Custm math channels can be added with the Add Channel buttn frm Channels. The simple math channel can be cnfigured t add, subtract, multiply, r divide tw channels. The mathematical peratins are perfrmed by the PC, s the scillscpe device cannt trigger n these channels. The units fr the math channel can be specified, fr instance: A, W. In the prperty drp-dwn, the fllwing can be cnfigured: Units: lets yu specify the channel units. Custm: check fr custm mathematical functin. See Real channels fr the ther ptins. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 32 f 98

33 Figure 3.6. Scpe math plt Custm Math Channel The custm r simple math channel can be selected under the channel prperties, as shwn belw. Figure 3.7. Custm match channel. The Custm Math Functin editr can be launched with the bttm-mst buttn shwing the frmula. Yu can type the custm functin in the Enter Functin text bx. If the entered functin is valid, the resulting number fr ne sample is displayed, therwise the errr descriptin is listed. Click Apply t apply changes. Click OK t save the last valid functin. Click Cancel t use the functin saved befre the editr was pened. See Script in Cmmn interfaces. The lcal variables are real, while the reference and math channels will have a smaller index, such as: C1, C2, R1, M1. In the M1 functin, n ther math channel can be used. In M2, the M1 can be used, while in in M3, the M1 and M2 can be used. Example functins: M1: (C1-C2)/0.01 Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 33 f 98

34 Cnsider that C1 and C2 are cnnected t a 10 mω shunt resistr. M1 will shw the passing current. M2: M1*C2 M2 will shw the pwer taken by the circuit under test. 3.4 Reference Channels The reference channels can be added using the Add Channel buttn frm the Channel tlbar. Figure 3.8. Reference Channels. In the prperty drp-dwn, the fllwing can be cnfigured: Units: lets yu specify the channel units. Lck time: when checked, the time cnfiguratin f the reference channel fllws the main cnfiguratin. When unchecked, the custm time setting is used fr this channel. Psitin: lets yu adjust the psitin f the reference wavefrm. Base: lets yu adjust the scale factr f the reference wavefrm. Update: updates reference channel with the selected channel wavefrm r imprted data frm file. See Real channels fr the ther ptins. 4 Main Plt The center f the display is marked with grid lines. Each vertical and hrizntal line cnstitutes a majr divisin. These are laid ut in a 10-by-10 divisin pattern. The tick marks n the sides between majr divisins are called minr divisins. The labeling n the scillscpe cntrls (vlts/div and sec/div) always refer t majr divisins. On the left side f the view, the hrizntal vltage grid line marks are shwn fr the active channel. Leftmuse dragging changes the ffset and right-dragging adjusts the range f the active channel. The time marks f the vertical grid lines are lcated at the bttm. Left-muse dragging changes the time (trigger hrizntal) psitin and right-dragging adjusts the time base. On the right side f the view, left-muse dragging changes the vertical trigger level and right-dragging adjusts the hysteresis level. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 34 f 98

35 On the tp side, infrmatin abut the viewed acquisitin is displayed: number f samples, rate, and capture time. The channel list clrs make channel identificatin easy. Left-muse clicking the rectangle activates the channel. A right-muse click disables/hides it. The status label shws the state f the scillscpe. See Acquisitin States fr mre infrmatin. The hrizntal trigger psitin arrw can be dragged with the muse. The zer pint arrws fr each channel can be dragged with the muse t change the vertical psitin (ffset). The vertical trigger psitin arrw can be dragged with the muse t change the trigger level. The tw smaller arrws represent the lw and high levels (hysteresis). See Plts in Cmmn Interfaces. Nise band indicating glitch r higher frequency cmpnents than the sampling frequency. See Real channels ptins. Figure 4.1. Main plt display with labels. 4.1 HtTrack See HtTrack in Cmmn Interfaces. When the muse cursr psitin is in a signal rw, it will place a vertical cursr alng with tw mre twards the right, measuring the pulse-width and perid. Otherwise, it will place ne vertical cursr shwing the time psitin and the wavefrm's level at the intersectins with the vertical cursr. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 35 f 98

36 Figure 4.2. HtTrack example. 4.2 Cursrs The X and Y cursrs are available fr main time view. See Cursrs. The X cursr's drp-dwn menu cntains adjustment cntrls fr the psitin, reference cursr, delta x value, and remve buttn. Figure 4.3. X cursr s drp-dwn menu ptins. The Y cursr's drp-dwn menu cntains adjustment cntrls fr the channel, psitin, reference cursr, delta value, and remve buttn. Figure 4.4. Y cursr s drp-dwn menu ptins. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 36 f 98

37 Figure 4.5. X and Y cursrs main time view. 4.3 Digital Channels The Lgic Analyzer can be enabled inside the Oscillscpe interface by adding digital channels, r by enabling frm the view menu. The picture belw shws the digital input and analg utput f a resistr netwrk. Figure 4.6. Digital input and analg utput f a resistr netwrk. 5 Views 5.1 FFT The FFT view plts amplitude against frequency. In ther wrds, it shws signals in the frequency dmain, as ppsed t the time view, which shws signals in the time dmain as amplitude against time. It is especially useful fr tracking dwn the cause f nise r distrtin in measured signals. This view cntains a subset f Spectrum Analyzer instrument features. T have mre ptins, use this instrument. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 37 f 98

38 Figure 5.1. FFT scpe view. The FFT tlbar nly shws the imprtant ptins by default. The dwn/up arrw in the tp left crner shws/hides the ther features. This tlbar cntains the fllwing: Center/Span r Start/Stp: These ptins adjust the shwn frequency range. Tp: Adjusts the plt tp magnitude level. Range: Selects the plt amplitude range. Units and Reference: See Spectrum Magnitude ptins. Type and Cunt/Weight: See Spectrum Traces ptins. The gear drp-dwn cntains the fllwing ptins: Scale: Selects between Linear and Lgarithmic frequency scale. Windw and Beta: Spectrum Traces ptins. 5.2 XY Using the XY view allws yu t plt ne channel against anther. This plt culd be the I-V curve f a cmpnent such as a capacitr, inductr, a dide, r a Lissajus figure shwing the phase difference between tw peridic wavefrms. XY view is als capable f mre advanced peratins, such as pltting a math channel against a reference wavefrm. The channels fr X and Y representatin can be selected n the tp side and in the prperties buttn in the tp-left crner beside the ther plt ptins. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 38 f 98

39 Figure 5.2. XY scpe view. 5.3 Histgram A histgram is a graphical representatin f the vltage distributin in a signal wavefrm. It plts the distributin f values fr each vltage value, with the number f times the signal has a certain vltage value represented as a percentage. The picture belw shws the histgram view f a sine and anther signal. The Aut scale ptin adjust the scale fr each channel separately based n maximum value. With manual scale a cmmn Tp level can be specified. 5.4 Data Figure 5.3. Histgram view f a sine and anther signal. The Data view displays the acquisitin samples and the time stamps. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 39 f 98

40 Figure 5.4. Data view displaying the acquisitin samples and time stamps. The clumn header shws the sample index; the first clumn shws the time stamp fllwed by the values fr channels. The selected cells can be cpied and pasted t ther applicatins. 5.5 Measurements The Measurements view shws the list f the selected measurements. The first clumn in the list shws the channel, the secnd shws the type, and the third shws the measurement result. See the muse peratins fund in the Lists sectin. Pressing the Add Default Measurement buttn pens the Add Measurement windw. On the left side is the channel list, and n the right side is a tree view cntaining the measurement types in grups. Pressing the Add buttn here (r duble-clicking an item) adds it t the measurement list. The Shw menu ptins allw yu t create statistics ut f measurements between acquisitins, which can be cleared with the Reset buttn. Figure 5.5. Measurements view. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 40 f 98

41 Figure 5.6. Add measurement. Vertical-axis measurements fr each channel: Maximum: the abslute largest value. Minimum: the abslute smallest value. Average: the mean value between maximum and minimum values. Peak2Peak: the difference between the extreme maximum and minimum values. High: pulse tp settled value accrding t the histgram. Lw: pulse bttm settled value accrding t the histgram. Middle: the middle value f the pulse between tp (High) and bttm (Lw) settled values. Oversht: = (Peak t Peak / 2 - Amplitude) / Amplitude. Rise Oversht: = (Maximum - High) / Amplitude. Fall Oversht: = (Minimum - Lw) / Amplitude. Amplitude: half f the difference between the pulse tp (High) and bttm (Lw) settled value. DC RMS: Direct Current Rt Mean Square is the entire pwer cntained within the signal, including AC and DC cmpnents. AC RMS: Alternating Current Rt Mean Square is used t characterize AC signals by subtracting ut the DC pwer, leaving nly the AC pwer cmpnent. Hrizntal-axis measurements fr each channel: Cycles: number f full cycles in visible acquisitin data. Frequency: frequency f the signal. Perid: perid f the signal. PsDuty: psitive duty f the signal. NegDuty: negative duty f the signal. PsWidth: psitive pulse-width f the signal. NegWidth: negative pulse-width f the signal. RiseTime: rise time f the signal. FallTime: fall time f the signal. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 41 f 98

42 The Add/Custm Channel measurement pens a script editr with an average calculatin example script. Here custm measurement invlving ne channel data can be created. This will be added t the Defined Measurement Custm categry list t be used fr ther channels. See the predefined hrizntal measurements that can be pened with Edit as read-nly examples. See Script in Cmmn interfaces. The Lcals are Time and Channel bject which is the selected channel fr the current measurement. Average calculatin: // initialize a lcal variable var value = 0 // lp t access each sample Channel.data.frEach(functin(sample){ // make sum f samples value+=sample }) // divide the sum with the number f samples t get the average value /= Channel.data.length // last line f cde is the measurement value value Accessing ther measurements, calculating peak-t-peak value: Channel.measure("Maximum") - Channel.measure("Maximum") The Add/Custm Glbal measurement pens a script editr with an phase calculatin example script. Here custm measurement accessing multiple channels can be created. The Lcal is the instrument bject called Scpe. Phase calculatin: // initialize lcal variables var sum1 = 0 var sum2 = 0 var sum12 = 0 // fr better perfrmance get and use lcal cpy f data array var d1 = Scpe.Channel1.data var d2 = Scpe.Channel2.data var c = d1.length fr(var i = 0; i < c; i++){ sum1 += d1[i]*d1[i] sum2 += d2[i]*d2[i] Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 42 f 98

43 sum12 += d1[i]*d2[i] } sum1 /= c sum2 /= c sum12 /= c // last line f cde is the measurement value Math.acs(sum12/Math.sqrt(sum1*sum2))*180/Math.PI Accessing ther measurements, calculating gain in db: The Edit pens the script editr fr custm measurements. The predefined Vertical and Hrizntal measurements fr perfrmance reasn are hard-cded and sme are shwn as read-nly example scripts in the editr. 5.6 Lgging See Lgging in Cmmn Interfaces. The script allws custm saving f data, lgging, r prcessed infrmatin. The Lcals are the instrument bject called Scpe. Index and Maximum are the values shwn abve the script. // lcal variable var ch = Scpe.Channel1 // cnditin fr saving, average measurement t be less than 5 V if(ch.measure("average")<5) { // instantiate file bject fr acquisitin and write channel data File("C:/temp/acq"+Index+".csv").write(ch.data) // file file fr measurements var filem = File("C:/temp/measure.csv") // in case file des nt exists if(!filem.exist()) { // write (erasing earlier cntent) the header line filem.writeline("time,average,peak2peak") } // append line with measurement we want t save var textm = Date()+","+ch.measure("Average")+","+ch.measure("Peak2Peak") filem.appendline(textm) // increment Index Index++ Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 43 f 98

44 } WaveFrms 2015 Reference Manual 5.7 X Cursrs The X Cursrs shw cursr infrmatin in table view. See Cursrs fr mre infrmatin. This table shws additinal infrmatin t cursr tltips: the 1 / delta x frequency, delta y vertical difference, and delta y / delta x. 5.8 Y Cursrs Figure 5.7. X cursr tltips. The Y Cursrs shw cursr infrmatin in table view. See Cursrs. 6 Exprt See Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Wavefrm Generatr The Arbitrary Wavefrm Generatr (r Wavegen) generates electrnic wavefrms. The wavefrms can be either repetitive r single-sht. Different triggering surces can be used: internal (frm ther devices) r external. The resulting wavefrms can be input int a device being tested and analyzed with the Oscillscpe as they prgress thrugh the device. This is useful fr cnfirming the prper peratin f the device r pinpinting a fault in the device. The main windw has three areas: the cntrl tlbar at the tp, the cnfiguratin frm(s) n the left side, and the signal preview plt(s) n the right side. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 44 f 98

45 Figure 1.1. Wavefrm generatr main windw. 1 Menu See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. 1.1 Edit The Edit menu lets yu cpy r swap the channels cnfiguratins. 2 Cntrl Run All / Stp All buttn: starts r stps the selected signal generatrs. Channels: selects the channel(s) t be cntrlled. Fr every channel yu select, a cnfiguratin frm and a signal preview plt are displayed. Channel 1 is Wavefrm Generatr channel 1. Channel 2 is Wavefrm Generatr channel 2. Channel 3* is the Psitive Pwer Supply (VP+) Channel 4* is the Negative Pwer Supply (VP-) * Available n Electrnics Explrer bard. Synchrnizatin Mde: In N synchrnizatin mde, n synchrnizatin parameters are available. In Independent mde, the channels are wrking independently. The trigger-wait-run-repeat settings can be independently cnfigured fr each channel. If yu mdify the settings f a channel, its signal generatin starts ver frm the beginning and synchrnizatin with the ther channels is lst. In Synchrnized mde, the trigger-wait-run-repeat settings are the same fr all selected channels within the same instrument instance. Mdifying the settings f ne f the channels causes bth t be restarted. A run time value ther than cntinuus shuld be used t peridically resynchrnize the channels. This Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 45 f 98

46 has t be dne because the actual frequencies might be apprximates f the desired values and small errrs accumulate until, after several cycles, the channel's phase will slide. The Aut synchrnizatin mde is similar t the Synchrnized mde where run time is autmatically adjusted t the lngest perid frm all channel's settings (depending n signal frequency, sweep/damp time, r AM/FM mdulatr frequency). 3 Preview Fr every channel yu select, a signal preview plt is displayed. The plt ptins menu n the tp-right edge (next t cmmn plt ptins) cntains cntrls t scale the plt wavefrms. Having the Scale ptin in Full mde allws manual adjustment f time. The vertical scaling in Manual mde can be adjusted as well. A hrizntal left-buttn muse drag n the plt changes the start psitin, and a right-buttn muse drag changes the hrizntal dmain f the preview. A vertical left-buttn muse drag n the left/right side changes the mdulatr/vltage psitin, and a right-buttn muse drag changes the vertical range f the preview. The actual utput might differ frm the preview depending n external lad, especially at high frequencies. 4 Channel Run/Stp buttn: starts/stps the signal generatin fr the selected channel. The wavefrm generatr channel can be started individually. Enable buttn: enables r disables the utput. The channel ptins allw yu t select: Idle utput: selects the utput while nt running (Waiting, Ready, Stpped, r Dne states). Initial: The idle utput vltage level has the initial wavefrm value f the current cnfiguratin. This depends n the selected signal type, Offset, Amplitude, and Amplitude Mdulatr cnfiguratin. Offset: The idle utput is the cnfigured Offset level. Disabled *: The idle utput is disabled. Channel 1 and 2, utputs 0 Vlts. Channel 3 (Psitive Pwer Supply) and Channel 4 (Negative Pwer Supply), having 1k Ohm resistr t GND and dide. Supply*: Selects between vltage and current wavefrm generatr. Limitatin*: Specifies the current r vltage limitatin. * Available n Electrnics Explrer bard Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 46 f 98

47 Figure 4.1. Channel tlbar. 5 Cnfiguratin Mdes Fr every channel yu select, a cnfiguratin mde will be displayed. The custm and play wavefrms are shared between the channels and cnfiguratin mdes. 5.1 Simple The Simple cnfiguratin mde fr a simple standard signal cnfiguratin. Figure 5.1. Simple cnfiguratin mde. Type represents the standard signal types: DC, Sine, Square, Triangle, Ramp-Up, Ramp-Dwn, Nise, Trapezium, and Sine-Pwer. Under the ptins menu, a Custm wavefrm can be created and file imprted as pattern r play data. Fr the Nise signal, the Frequency represents the DAC update rate, and the Symmetry and Phase parameters are disabled. The Sine-Pwer signal is a sine signal where the pwer attribute is 0. Fr higher pwer attributes, the wavefrm tends t have square shape. The functin fr the pwer attribute is the fllwing: if (pwer > 0) = Sin(x) ( 100 / (100-pwer) ) if (pwer < 0) = Sin(x) ( (100+pwer) / 100 ) Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Symmetry, and Phase allw yu t mdify signal parameters. Trigger, Wait, Run, and Repeat settings let yu generate burst signals. See States fr mre infrmatin. 5.2 Basic The Basic cnfiguratin mde fr standard signal cnfiguratin. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 47 f 98

48 Signal icns represent the standard signal type. Figure 5.2. Basic cnfiguratin mde. Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Symmetry, and Phase sliders let yu easily mdify signal values between the maximum and minimum limits. These limits can be adjusted using the cmb bxes at the tp and bttm f the sliders. Trigger, Wait, Run, and Repeat settings let yu generate burst signals. See States fr mre infrmatin. 5.3 Custm Figure 5.3. Custm cnfiguratin mde. New buttn lets yu create and edit a new custm wavefrm. See Editr fr mre infrmatin. Imprt buttn lets yu lad a wavefrm frm file. See Imprt file fr mre infrmatin. Edit buttn lets yu edit the currently selected signal. Remve buttn lets yu remve the selected r all signals. Frequency, Sample Rate, Amplitude, Offset, and Phase let yu mdify the signal parameters. Trigger, Wait, Run, and Repeat settings let yu generate burst signals. See States fr mre infrmatin. 5.4 Sweep Select Sweep cnfiguratin mde fr easy setup f sweep and damp signals. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 48 f 98

49 Figure 5.4. Sweep cnfiguratin mde. The Sweep and Damp checkbxes enable r disable these mdes. In sweep mde, the signal frequency changes linearly frm the first value t the secnd in the specified time. In damp mde, the signal amplitude changes linearly frm the first level t the secnd in the specified time. Type can be a standard r custm. Using the ptins menu after the signal type, custm signals can be generated r imprted frm a file. These are added t the type list. Frequency, Amplitude, Offset, Symmetry, and Phase let yu mdify signal parameters. Trigger, Wait, Run, and Repeat settings let yu generate burst signals. See States fr mre infrmatin. 5.5 Advanced Select the Advanced cnfiguratin mde fr setting cmplex cnfiguratins. Figure 5.5. Advanced cnfiguratin mde. Trigger, Wait, Run, and Repeat settings let yu generate burst signals. See States fr mre infrmatin. Carrier, FM, and AM signals are cnfigured in separate clumns. Type can be a standard r custm. Using the ptins menu after the signal type, custm signals can be generated r imprted frm a file. These are added t the type list. Cnfiguratins cnsist f: Type: type f signals includes standard types r custm signals that yu define r lad. * Frequency: adjusts the generated wavefrm perid. Nise signal represents the DAC update rate. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 49 f 98

50 Amplitude: shws the amplitude fr the Carrier signal. Index: expresses the mdulatin index fr FM and AM as a percentage. Offset: fr carrier, adjust the ffset in vlt units. The mdulatin ffset is expressed as a percentage fr mdulatrs. Symmetry: is expressed as a percentage. Phase: is expressed in degrees. * With Electrnics Explrer bard fr each channel nly ne f AM and FM can be custm signal type at a time. 6 States See Generatr States and Idle utput fr mre infrmatin. Using the (Trigger), Wait, Run, and Repeat settings, burst signals can be generated. Trigger: specifies the trigger event fr the wavefrm generatr channel. Wait: specifies hw much time t wait befre starting the signal generatin. Run: specifies hw lng signal generatin ccurs. The Cntinuus ptin causes the signal generatr t run cntinuusly. Repeat: specifies hw many times the (trigger)-wait-run cycle will be repeated. The Infinite ptin is similar t the Cntinuus ptin. Repeat Trigger: selects the repeat cycle t include the Trigger in Wait-Run cycle r nt. The fllwing screensht shws a burst signal. Figure 6.1. Burst signal. 7 Editr The Editr lets yu easily create arbitrary signal shapes as well as custm carrier signals and mdulatrs. T launch the Custm editr frm the Custm, Sweep, r Advanced cnfiguratin frm, select the New signal ptin r select Edit fr an existing custm signal. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 50 f 98

51 Figure 7.1. Editr capabilities. This lets yu generate signals frm mathematical functins. Name: lets yu specify r mdify the custm wavefrm name Samples: lets yu specify the number f samples. It is useful t create a wavefrm with a few samples, like steps. The custm wavefrm will be stretched t fill the available device buffer. X frm and t: lets yu specify the X variable value range used in mathematical functin. Enter Functin: Yu can type the custm functin in this text bx. If the entered functin is valid, the resulting number fr ne sample is displayed, therwise the errr descriptin is listed. See Script in Cmmn interfaces. The lcal variable is X fr which the functin is called t generate each data sample. Nrmalize: when checked the data will be nrmalized autmatically after Generate. Generate: will generate the given functin. Stretch vertically n the tp f the plt will nrmalize the values between -1 and +1, -100% and +100%. Und / Red lets yu und/red the last changes. Sample can be edited in the data tab n the right side. Click OK t save the last valid functin. Click Cancel t use the functin saved befre the editr was pened. Example functins: Math.sin(2*Math.PI*X)+Math.cs(4*Math.PI*X) Math.randm()*2-1 8 Imprt T imprt a data file int the Custm, Sweep, r Advanced cnfiguratin frm, select Imprt and then select File. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 51 f 98

52 Figure 8.1. Imprt. Brwse buttn pens a dialg bx where yu can select a different file t lad. In case the imprt des nt detect the file cding prperly, adjust the ptins in Frmat grup t specify the: Skip heading: lines that d nt imprt t data, usually cmments r infrmatin. Clumn header: check t use a rw as clumn names. Clumn cunt: specifies the number f data clumns in the file. Rw cunt: specifies the number f data rw in the file. List separatr The imprt grup cntains the fllwing parameters: Clumn: If the file cntains several clumns f data, select the ne t use. First/Cunt: Specifies the first and the number f sample index t imprt. Offset/Amplitude: Specifies the wavefrm scale. In case this range is supprted by the device, it will be applied when selecting this wavefrm. Samples rate/frequency: Specifies the rate f the wavefrm. Plt area shws the selected data range. Pwer Supplies The pwer supply interface is different fr devices. 1 Analg Discvery This instrument allws yu t enable the device pwer supplies. See Pwer Supplies fr mre infrmatin. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 52 f 98

53 Figure 1.1. Pwer supplies. Master Enable is ON/OFF buttn: the master ON/OFF switch fr the pwer supplies. Psitive/Negative Supply buttn: the enable switches fr each supply. RDY is shwn when the supply is enabled but the master switch is OFF. ON is shwn when the master switch is n and the supply is als enabled. OFF is shwn when the supply is nt enabled. Pwer prgress bar: shws the cnsumptin f the tw pwer supplies, frm zer up t the maximum allwed level. See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. 2 Analg Discvery 2 This instrument allws yu t enable the device pwer supplies. See Pwer Supplies fr mre infrmatin. Figure 2.1. Pwer supplies. Master Enable is ON/OFF buttn: the master ON/OFF switch fr the pwer supplies. Psitive/Negative Supply buttn: the enable switches fr each supply. RDY is shwn when the supply is enabled but the master switch is OFF. ON is shwn when the master switch is n and the supply is als enabled. OFF is shwn when the supply is nt enabled. Vltage fields: let yu adjust values fr the pwer supplies by either selecting a value frm cmb bx, r typing it in. See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 53 f 98

54 3 Electrnics Explrer This instrument has tw main areas: the cntrl area and the plt windw. The cntrl area cntains pwer supplies with adjustable vltage and current. Figure 3.1. Electrnics Explrer pwer supplies. See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. The cntrl area lets yu adjust the settings fr the varius vltmeters and pwer supplies. Master Enable: the master ON/OFF switch fr the pwer supplies and reference vltages. On/Off: are enable switches fr each supply. Vltage and current fields: let yu adjust values fr the pwer supplies by either selecting a value frm cmb bx, r typing it in. Belw the adjustment fields the vltage/current reading is shwn. Data Lgger Figure 1.1. Data Lgger. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 54 f 98

55 The Data Lgger uses the scillscpe channels. When the Lgger is running, it takes cntrl ver the tw physical scillscpe channels and the Oscillscpe instrument state is busy. Similarly, when the Oscillscpe is started, the Lgger is stpped. The scillscpe sweeps are windwed and DC, AC, and DC RMS values calculated. Fr the True RMS value, the same acquisitin is used as fr the DC vltage, and the value is calculated with the frmula Sqrt( sum( xi ^ 2 ) / N ). The AC RMS value is calculated with the frmula Sqrt( sum( (xi - dc) ^ 2 ) / N ). 1 Plt The histry plt has the fllwing cmpnents: Add: pens a windw. Select an item frm the list and press the Add buttn (r duble-click) t add it t the plt list. Using the functin field, a custm mathematic channel can be created. Remve the selected item(s) frm the list. Edit the currently selected list item. Shw: enables r disables clumns displaying the minimum and maximum levels frm the histry plt. Histry: specifies the time span fr the plt. Under the histry ptins, update rate and the number f samples can be specified. Clear: clear the histry plt. Fr each channel, the clr and scaling ptin can be specified: aut scaling based n the extremes frm the plt histry r manually specified ffset and range. See Script in Cmmn interfaces. The lcal variables are the elementary lgger channels, which vary depending n the device. Example functins: C1DC-C2DC 25 + C1DC / Exprt See Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Lgic Analyzer The Lgic Analyzer allws acquisitin and visualizatin f digital inputs. It is pssible t cnfigure the infrmatin being visualized: t chse which signals t visualize, t grup signals in buses, t cnfigure prtcl interpreters, and t visualize them in a specific rder. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 55 f 98

56 Figure 1.1. Lgic analyzer. 1 Menu See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. 1.1 View Data: pens/clses the Data view. Lgging: pens/clses Lgging tl. 2 Cntrl Figure 2.1. Cntrl tlbar. The acquisitin bar cntains the fllwing: Single: starts a single acquisitin. Run/Stp buttn: starts repeated, cntinuus, r stream acquisitin (see Run mde belw). While the acquisitin is in prgress, the Run buttn becmes the Stp buttn. Buffer: The perfrmed acquisitins are stred in the PC buffer in time rder. This makes it easy t review a series f repeated acquisitins. The new acquisitins are stred after the currently selected buffer psitin. If yu change the psitin in the buffer and start a new acquisitin, the psitins after the selected ne will be lst. Run: The ptins in Run mde select the actin f the Run buttn and are the fllwing: Repeated: the Run buttn starts repeated acquisitins. Scan Screen: scan acquisitin where the sampled data is drawn frm left t right. When the right crner is reached, the signal curve plt cntinues frm the left. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 56 f 98

57 Scan Shift: similar t the screen mde, but when the signal plt reaches the right crner, the curve plt slides t the left. Stream: allws capturing a large number f samples at lwer rates. In this mde, the samples are streamed thrugh the USB limiting the rate, depending n the system and ther cnnected devices, at abut 1M samples/sec. The scan mdes (Screen and Shift) are available when the time-base is greater than a 1 secnd span, 100 ms/divisin. Mde: The three trigger mdes are: Nrmal: the acquisitin is triggered nly n the specified cnditin. Aut: when the trigger cnditin des nt appear in apprximately tw secnds, the acquisitin is started autmatically. In repeated acquisitin mde, when the instrument switches t aut trigger, the next acquisitins are made withut waiting again t time-ut while a trigger event des nt ccur and the cnfiguratin is nt changed. When a new trigger event ccurs, r the cnfiguratin is changed, the current acquisitin will be finished and the next ne will wait fr the trigger again. It is als the best mde t use if yu are lking at many signals and d nt want t bther setting the trigger each time. Nne: the acquisitin is started withut a trigger. Surce: select trigger surce between Analyzer trigger cnditin n pins, ther device instrument, r external trigger signals. Trigger: shws the trigger cnfiguratin. Psitin: adjusts the hrizntal trigger psitin. Base: adjusts the time base. Gear: pens a menu with the fllwing ptins: Psitin as divisin: selects the unit f the psitin parameter, divisin, r secnds. Range Mde: selects the display mde fr time base (per divisin, plus-minus, and full). Rate: adjusts the sample rate. Samples: adjust the number f samples t acquire. Clck: select internal r external clck surce fr Lgic Analyzer (available n Electrnics Explrer). Nise: selects t acquire nise samples in half f the buffer. Buffers: adjusts the number f PC buffers. Update: this specifies the time perid at which the applicatin will check the scillscpe device status and read the acquired data in repeated Run mde. Increase the time t reduce the update rate. 3 Signal Grid Figure 3.1. Signal grid. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 57 f 98

58 The Signals Grid allws yu t custmize the display f the signals that yu are interested in. See the peratins fund in the Lists sectin. The grid menu cntains the fllwing ptins: Add: It is pssible t add signals, define, and add a bus r interpreter. One r mre signals can be selected and added at a time. Figure 3.1. Adding signals. The Bus, SPI, I2C, and UART menus pen the crrespnding prperty editr, and after cnfiguring them, it will be added t the grid. Remve: It is pssible t remve the selected items r the entire list. Figure 3.2. Remve drp-dwn menu. Edit: Under the Edit menu, the fllwing peratin can be perfrmed: Prperty: Opens the prperties editr fr the currently selected item. Figure 3.3. Prperties editr. The grid clumns are as fllws: Height: the rw height can be changed in the first clumn. Expand/Cllapse: each bus and interpreter can be individually expanded r cllapsed. Edit: clicking n the edit icn f a signal, bus, r interpreter rw pens the editr. IO: Shws the device digital IO pin number. Multiple used signals are marked with star (ex: *3). The nt defined signals are nted with ND. Trigger: allws yu t cnfigure the trigger cnditin fr the Lgic Analyzer pins. In this clumn, a left r right muse-click pens a drp-dwn where the trigger cnditin can be selected. When multiple rws are selected, a right-click sets the trigger fr all the selected pins. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 58 f 98

59 The verall trigger cnditin is built by AND-ing all level cnditins tgether with the result f OR between edge cnditins f each pin. The fllwing trigger cnditins are pssible fr each pin: Dn't Care: nt used in trigger cnditin. Lw: lw lgic level. High: high lgic level. Rising Edge: signal transitin frm lw t high level. Falling Edge: signal transitin frm high t lw level. Any Edge: any signal transitin. The grid cntext menu pens n muse right-click. This cntains similar buttns as the grid tlbar's Add, Remve, and Edit menus. Figure 3.4. Grid cntext menu. The wavefrm area is divided in three sectins: tp, bttm, and center. On the bttm area, the time psitin can be adjusted by hrizntal left muse buttn drag and the time base by right muse buttn drag. Tp Area: On the tp f the wavefrm area, the fllwing infrmatin is shwn: the state f the lgic, and viewed acquisitin infrmatin: number f samples, rate, and capture time. See Acquisitin States fr mre infrmatin. Bttm Area: On the bttm sectin, the majr time grids are displayed. Center Area: This area is used t display rws cntaining the graphical visualizatin f wavefrms. 3.1 HtTrack See HtTrack in Cmmn Interfaces. When the muse cursr psitin is in a signal rw, it will place a vertical cursr alng with tw mre twards the right, measuring the pulse-width and perid. Otherwise, it will place ne vertical cursr shwing the time psitin and the wavefrm's level at the intersectins with the vertical cursr. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 59 f 98

60 Figure 3.5. HtTrack Cursrs The Cursrs are available fr main time view. See Cursrs. The Cursr's drp-dwn menu cntains adjustment cntrls fr the psitin, reference cursr, delta x value, and remve buttn. 4 Prperty Editr The prperty editr can be pened fr the selected signal, bus, r interpreter under the grid tlbar edit menu. 4.1 Signal Figure 4.1. Signal prperty editr. In the signal prperty editr, the name can be specified and the device pin changed. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 60 f 98

61 4.2 Bus Figure 4.2. Bus prperty editr. In the bus prperty editr, the fllwing can be cnfigured: Name: edit the displayed name f the bus. Left list: shws the available signals. Right list: shws the selected bus signals. The signals can be added r remved with the left/right arrw keys r a muse drag and drp. Enable: selects the ptinal enable pin and active plarity. Clck: selects the ptinal clck pin and sampling edge. Frmat: selects the values frmat f the bus. Binary values are displayed with b leading character. Decimal Hexadecimal values are displayed with h leading character. Vectr values are displayed with v leading character. Vectr value is the raw binary value withut index. Signed One's cmplement Tw's cmplement Endianness: selects between little and big endian, least significant bit (LSB), first r mst significant bit (MSB) first. LSB/MSB: selects the values fr first and last indices, LSB, and MSB. The index values can be set s that the index remains within the -32 and +31 range. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 61 f 98

62 4.3 SPI Figure 4.3. SPI interpreter. SPI interpreter lets yu define a synchrnus serial data link with the fllwing ptins: Select: ptinal slave r chip select signal with lw r high active level. Clck: is the serial clck with data sampling n rising r falling edge. Data: is the serial data signal (MOSI r MISO) with least r mst significant bit first shifting. Bits: the number f data bits in a transmissin wrd. Frmat: allws selecting the display mde f the value in binary, decimal, r hexadecimal frmats. Binary values are displayed with b leading character. Decimal Hexadecimal values are displayed with h leading character. Vectr values are displayed with v leading character. Vectr value is the raw binary value withut index. Sign and Magnitude Ones' cmplement Tw's cmplement Leading: skips the given number f starting bits in value calculatin. Ending: skips the given number f ending bits in value calculatin. 4.4 I2C Figure 4.4. I2C interpreter. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 62 f 98

63 Fr I2C r Tw Wire Interface interpreter, the clck and data signals can be selected. 4.5 UART Figure 4.5. UART interpreter. The UART interpreter fr asynchrnus serial prtcls lets yu select: Data: the data signal. Bits: the number f data bits in a transmissin wrd. Parity: selects between Odd, Even, Mark (High), and Space (Lw) parity mdes. Baud rate: allws specifying the speed r bits per secnd f the line. 5 Views 5.1 Data The Data view displays the data samples. Figure 5.1. Data view. The clumn header shws the sample index, the first clumn shws the time stamp, fllwed by the values f the added channel's cmpnents. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 63 f 98

64 5.2 Lgging See Lgging in Cmmn Interfaces. The script allws custm saving f data r prcessed infrmatin. The Lcals are the instrument bject called Lgic. Index and Maximum are the values shwn abve the script. // cnditin fr saving, DIO0 t exists if('dio0' in Lgic.Channels){ // instantiate file bject fr acquisitin var file = File("C:/temp/di0_"+Index+".csv") var data = Lgic.Channels.DIO0.data // write data t file file.write(data) // increment Index Index++ } 5.3 Cursrs The X Cursrs shw cursr infrmatin in table view. See Cursrs. Figure 5.2. Cursr infrmatin. 6 Exprt See Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Digital Pattern Generatr The Digital Pattern Generatr (Patterns) lets yu define the utput n the digital lines, using standard types r user-defined types. When a line is used by the Static I/O as an utput element (Slider, Buttn, r Switch), this has pririty ver the signal cnfiguratin in Patterns. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 64 f 98

65 Figure 1.1. Digital pattern generatr. 1 Menu See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. 2 Cntrl Run/Stp buttn: starts/stps the signal generatin. Figure 2.1. Cntrl tlbar. Trigger, Wait, Run, and Repeat settings let yu generate burst signals. See States fr mre infrmatin. 3 Signals Grid Figure 3.1. Signals grid. The Signals Grid allws yu t custmize the display f the signals that yu are interested in. The grid menu cntains the fllwing ptins: Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 65 f 98

66 Add: It is pssible t add signals, define, and add a bus. One r mre signals can be selected and added at a time. Figure 3.2. Adding signals. The Bus menus pen the crrespnding prperty editr and after cnfiguring them, it will be added t the grid. Remve: It is pssible t remve the selected items r clear the entire list. Figure 3.3. Remve signals r clear list. Edit: Under the Edit menu, the fllwing peratins can be perfrmed: Figure 3.4. Edit menu. Prperties: Opens the prperties editr fr the last selected item. Parameters: Opens the parameter editr fr the last selected item. Shw: Under the Shw menu, the visibility f grid clumns can be selected. The grid clumns are as fllws: Height: the rw height can be changed in the first clumn. Expand/Cllapse: each bus can be individually expanded r cllapsed. Name: shws the signal r bus name. Edit: clicking n the edit icn f a signal r bus rw pens the editr. DIO: shws the device digital IO pin number. Parameter: clicking n the edit icn f a signal r bus rw pens the parameter editr. Type: selects the type (cnstant, clck, pulse, randm, custm, etc.) f signal r bus. Output: by clicking n this clumn, a cmb bx lets yu select the desired utput fr the crrespnding signal r bus. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 66 f 98

67 Idle: selects the utput fr the idle state when the generatr is nt running (Cnfig, Armed, Dne, Stpped, r Wait state). Parameter #: adjusts the parameter values fr the selected signal r bus. The values can be adjusted between the minimum and maximum values selected in the parameter editr. The grid cntext menu pens n muse right-click. This cntains similar buttns as the grid tlbar's Add, Remve, and Edit menus. The difference is that instead f signal, bus, r interpreter additin, insert will be perfrmed abve the last selected rw. Figure 3.5. Patterns grid cntext. The wavefrm area is divided int three sectins: tp, bttm, and center. On the bttm area, the time psitin can be adjusted by a hrizntal left muse buttn drag while the time base can be adjusted by a right muse buttn drag. Tp Area: In the tp-left crner, the status label shws the state f the lgic patterns. See Generatr States fr mre infrmatin. Bttm Area: On the bttm sectin, the majr time grids are displayed. Center Area: This area is used t display rws cntaining the graphical visualizatin f wavefrms. 4 Prperty Editr The prperty editr can be pened fr the selected signal, bus, r interpreter under the grid tlbar edit menu. 4.1 Signal Figure 4.1. Signal prperty editr. In the signal prperty editr, the name can be specified and the device pin changed. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 67 f 98

68 4.2 Bus Figure 4.2. Bus prperty editr. In the bus prperty editr, the fllwing can be cnfigured: Name: edit the displayed name f the bus. Available: shws the available signals. Selected: shws the selected bus signals. The signals can be added r remved with the left/right arrw keys r a muse drag and drp. The rder f the bus signals can be changed with up/dwn arrw keys r with a muse drag and drp. Frmat: selects the values frmat f the bus. Binary values are displayed with b leading character. Decimal Hexadecimal values are displayed with h leading character. Vectr values are displayed with v leading character. Vectr value is the raw binary value withut index. Sign and Magnitude One's cmplement Tw's cmplement Endianness: selects between little and big endian, least significant bit (LSB) first, r mst significant bit (MSB) first. LSB/MSB: selects the values fr first and last indices, LSB, and MSB. The index values can be set s that the index remains within the -32 and +31 range. 5 Parameter Editr The parameter editr can be pened fr the selected signal r bus under the grid tlbar's edit menu, under the cntext menu, r by duble-clicking yur muse n the rw. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 68 f 98

69 5.2 Parameters Figure 5.1. Parameters editr. The type, utput, and idle parameters have dedicated clumns in the signal definitin grid. Fr the ther parameters, a minimum and maximum value can be specified and linearly changed using the track bar. The Idle parameter lets yu select the signal r bus utput while nt running. The utput type determines the utput behavir f the signals and buses. Fr OD and OS signals, use external pullup r pull-dwn resistrs. The utput types are: PP Push Pull: The allwed values are 0 and 1. OD Open Drain: The allwed values are 0 and Z. The bus value is cmputed by treating Z as 1. OS Open Surce: The allwed values are Z and 1. The bus value is cmputed by treating Z as 0. TS Three State: The allwed values are 0, 1, and Z. The bus values that cntain nly 0s and 1s are shwn as nrmal numbers. A questin mark is displayed fr values that cntain Z in at least ne f the bus signals. The pssible parameters fr different types are the fllwing: Cnstant: By default, a newly added signal r bus is a cnstant with value Z. Output lets yu select between PP, OS, OD, and TS. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Cnstant lets yu specify the signal(s) value. Clck: The parameters used t define a clck signal: Output lets yu select between PP, OS, and OD. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Frequency lets yu specify the clck frequency expressed in Hz. The maximum clck frequency is half f the digital base frequency. Duty lets yu adjust the duty factr between 0% and 100%. Phase lets yu adjust the clck phase between 0 and 360 degrees. Pulse: The initial values fr divider and cunter specify the initially laded values, initial delay, when entering in Running state. The Divider specifies the clck divisin. This rate will be the step fr the cunter. When entering Running state, the initial divider value specified with is laded. When this expires, Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 69 f 98

70 the value specified by divider will be laded upn each expiratin. When the cunter initial value expires, the Lw and High values are laded upn further expiratin. On cunter expiratin, the level is tggled and this directs the lw r high value lading. In case ne f these is zer, the level is nt tggled. The parameters used t define a pulse signal: Output lets yu select between PP, OS, and OD. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Start lets yu select the pulse t start lw r high. Lw/High lets yu adjust the lw/high cunter values. Init lets yu adjust the initial cunter value. Zer value sets the cunter t a lw r high value, depending n start parameter. Divider lets yu adjust the divider value. The base frequency (100 MHz) will be divided by this value fr the cunter. Init lets yu adjust the initial divider value. Randm: The randm values are generated n the device. It is nt pssible t shw a preview fr this type. T see the utput, use the Lgic Analyzer instrument r generate custm/randm data. Output lets yu select between PP, OS, OD, and TS. In TS utput, the result prbability fr utput levels are the fllwing: Z 50%, 0-lw 25% and 1-high 25%. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Frequency lets yu specify the randm utput update frequency. Number: Output lets yu select between PP, OS, OD, and TS. In TS mde, the available device buffer size is half the ne fr ther mdes. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Frequency lets yu specify the sample update frequency. Number: Using this type, the bus values will be generated as a cnstant value. Output lets yu select between PP, OS, and OD. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Number lets yu specify the bus cnstant value. Binary/Gray/Jhnsn Cunter: Using these types, the bus values will be generated as Binary/Gray/Jhnsn cunter values. Output lets yu select between PP, OS, and OD. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Frequency lets yu specify the bus value change rate. Fr example, at 1 khz the binary cunter will increment every 1ms. Number lets yu select the cunter start value fr binary and Gray cunters. A Jhnsn cunter will always start with 0 value. Walking 0/1: Using these types, the bus values will be generated as a train f 0 r 1 bits walking left r right. Output lets yu select between PP, OS, and OD. Idle lets yu select the utput value while nt running. Frequency lets yu specify the bit shift rate. Directin lets yu select left r right shift directin. Length lets yu specify the train length f the 0 r 1 bits. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 70 f 98

71 5.2 Custm Plt Figure 5.2. Custm Plt. The custm plt shws the custm data buffer and allws muse editing. By pressing a muse buttn, the value f the crrespnding element in the buffer will be changed depending n the vertical psitin in the rw and n the allwed values. By dragging the muse, multiple buffer psitins can be edited with the same value (all psitins between the start and the end f the peratin). On a bus wavefrm, all the signals will be changed t the 0, 1, r Z value. Dragging with the left muse buttn and changing the vertical psitin can change the entered value. Dragging with the right muse buttn keeps the initial value. The Samples allw yu t specify the used device sample buffer size. On generatin, the buffer is repeated while running. The Und and Red buttns allw yu t revert the recent changes. The Shw allws yu t select a smaller number f samples than the buffer size starting frm the specified value. 5.3 Custm Imprt The supprted imprt file types are Cmma Separated Values and Tab Delimited Text files. Figure 5.3. Custm Imprt. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 71 f 98

72 File: it shws the pened file path and a new file can be selected with the Brwse buttn. The imprt ptins can be adjusted under the menu next t the Brwse buttn. First: specifies the first sample psitin t be imprted. Cunt: specifies the number f samples t be imprted. This can be set up t the minimum between the number f samples in the file r the device buffer size. Plt: File clumn: shws the file clumn names. Rws: the file data plt. [#] clumns: the checkbxes let yu select fr which signal file data clumn t imprt. Static Input/Output The Static Input/Output (Static I/O) instrument allws easy cnfiguratin f input and utput devices n the digital lines. It is called static because the value frm the digital lines crrespnds directly t the values generated r read by the input and utput devices. Once a signal value is set, it remains in that state until a new value is set. Figure 1. Static I/O instrument. See the Menu Strips in Cmmn Interfaces. 1 Grups The Static I/O cntrls the digital signals f the device, which are managed in grups f eight: 31-24, 23-16, 15-8, and 7-0. The number f I/O signals depend n the device. Figure 1.1. Grup menu. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 72 f 98

73 The grup type is selected using the grup menu. Fr each line grup, the fllwing types can be set: Bit I/O, Slider, Prgress bar, r 7-Segment, which are explained in the sectins belw. 2 Bit I/O This grup type assigns a specific cntrl fr each f the eight signals in the grup. This cntrls include: LED, Buttn, and Switch, which are explained in the sectins belw. 2.1 LED This is an input device, indicating the digital line's state. Figure 2.1. Bit I/O cntrls. 2.2 Buttn Figure 2.2. LED digital line state. This is bth an input and utput device, implementing a push buttn with LED indicatr. The buttn has tw states: pressed and released. The buttn types select the utput fr released and pressed states. Figure 2.3. Buttn types and state. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 73 f 98

74 2.3 Switch This is bth an input and utput device, implementing a push/pull switch with LED indicatr. Figure 2.4. Switch types and states. 3 Slider The slider cnfigures the eight digital lines accrding t either the value f the slider caret's psitin r the value entered in the direct value field. The value is used as an eight-bit binary representatin, where the highest number digital line is the mst significant bit (MSB) and each digital line gets the value f the crrespnding bit. Figure 3.1. Slider bar. 4 Prgress Bar This type implements an input device used in displaying values between 0 and 255 as a prgress bar and value display. The digital values f the eight input lines are cnverted int a value between 0 and 255. The digital lines' binary values are used as bits in a binary representatin where the highest number digital line is the mst significant bit (MSB). Figure 4.1. Prgress bar. 5 7-segment This type implements an input device fr displaying a seven-segment digit and a decimal pint. Each f the eight digital lines crrespnd t ne f the segments r the decimal pint, accrding t the legend displayed n the right f the digits display. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 74 f 98

75 Figure segment display. Netwrk Analyzer The Netwrk Analyzer is used t analyze transfer functins (the rati between an utput functin and an input functin). The Bde plt shws the magnitude and phase f the expressed functin versus frequency. See Bde plt fr mre infrmatin. Typical usage f Netwrk Analyzer: The WaveGen 1 utput and Oscillscpe Channel 1 input f the device is cnnected t the filter input, while the Oscillscpe Channel 2 is cnnected t the filter utput, as shwn in the picture belw. Figure 1. Typical usage f Netwrk Analyzer. When the instrument is started, the Scpe and WaveGen are stpped and their status shws Busy. The Netwrk Analyzer takes cntrl ver these instruments while running. Figure 1.1. Starting the Netwrk Analyzer. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 75 f 98

76 The analysis is perfrmed frm start t stp frequency in the specified number f steps. Fr each step, the WaveGen channel is set t a cnstant frequency and the Oscillscpe perfrms an acquisitin. Using the frequency transfrmatin result frm the index crrespnding t the current frequency step, the magnitude and phase value is calculated. The magnitude f Channel 1 (filter input) is calculated relative t WaveGen Amplitude, and the magnitude and phase values f the ther channels are relative t Channel 1. The magnitude is expressed in decibels with the 20 * Lg10 (gain) frmula, where 1x gain equals 0 db and 2 X gain equals ~6 db. The phase is pltted with the maximum and minimum value as the ne specified fr the Phase Offset +/- 180 value. With Channel set t nne under WaveGen ptins, n WaveGen channel is cntrlled. The Oscillscpe acquisitins are expecting a custm r external frequency sweep signal. The current frequency step is determined by peak frequency cmpnent with a magnitude f at least half f the specified WaveGen Amplitude value. With Reference set t nne under Scpe Optins, the magnitude fr each channel is calculated relative t the set WaveGen Amplitude and n phase calculated. 1 Menu See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. 1.1 View Figure 1.1. View ptins. Time: pens/clses the Time view. Nyquist: pens/clses the Nyquist view. Nichls: pens/clses the Nichls view. Cursrs: pens/clses the Cursrs view. 2 Cntrl The cntrl area lets yu adjust the settings fr the netwrk analysis. Figure 2.1. Cntrl area. Single buttn: starts a single analysis. Run/Stp buttn: starts repeated analysis r stps. Scale: selects between linear r lgarithmic frequency sweep. Start: lets yu specify the start frequency. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 76 f 98

77 Stp: lets yu specify the stp frequency. Steps: lets yu specify the number f steps fr the analysis. 3 Channels 3.1 WaveGen Figure 3.1. WaveGen channel. Offset: lets yu specify the ffset fr the generated signal. Amplitude: lets yu specify the amplitude f the generated signal. The gear tl cntains the fllwing: Channel: selects the WaveGen channel t use. With nne ptin, an external r custm sweep generatr can be used. In this case, the Netwrk Analyzer detects the peak cmpnent between start and stp frequencies. Settle: specifies the settle time expressed in secnds. The acquisitin is delayed this amunt f time in each step after the frequency is changed. This ptin can be used t reduce the alteratin effect f resnant circuits (fr instance, a speaker). Min Perids: specifies the minimum number f generated sine perids t capture. 3.2 Magnitude Figure 3.2. Magnitude channel. Units: selects between db and gain representatin f magnitude n Bde plt. Tp: lets yu specify the tp f the magnitude plt. Range: lets yu specify the range f the magnitude plt. 3.3 Phase Figure 3.3. Phase channel. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 77 f 98

78 Offset: lets yu specify the ffset f the phase plt. Range: lets yu specify the range f the phase plt. 3.4 Add Channel Saves a channel as a reference t cmpare with further analysis. 3.5 Channel Figure 3.4. Channel cnfiguratins. Use as Reference: selects t use Scpe Channel 1 as reference fr the ther channels. Offset: lets yu specify the ffset f the Scpe channel. Gain: lets yu specify the gain f the Scpe channel relative t the WaveGen amplitude. The gear tl cntains the fllwing: Clr: sets the channel wavefrm clr. Attenuatin: specifies the used prbe attenuatin. Range: lets yu specify the range f the Scpe channel. Exprt: pens exprt windw with the respective channel data, see Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Name: specifies the channel name. Label: specifies the channel label. 3.6 Reference The Reference ptins cntains the fllwing: Figure 3.5. Reference ptins. Clr: sets the channel wavefrm clr. Update: updates reference channel with the selected channel wavefrm. Exprt: pens exprt windw with the respective channel data, see Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Name: specifies the channel name. Label: specifies the channel label. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 78 f 98

79 4 Bde Plt The Bde plt shws the magnitude and phase. By default, the Channel 1 magnitude is relative t the WaveGen amplitude. The magnitude and phase values f the ther channels are relative t channel 1. The gear tl (in the tp-right crner r muse right-click) cntains ptins fr: Clr: selects the clr theme fr this plt. Plt Width: sets the thickness f the wavefrm, expressed as pints. Figure 4. Bde plt. 4.1 HtTrack See HtTrack in Cmmn Interfaces. The crrespnding psitin is marked with a crss n Nichls and Nyquist plts. 4.2 Cursrs See cursrs in Cmmn Interfaces. 5 Views 5.1 Time Plt The time plt shws the scillscpe acquisitin f the last frequency step. This view is used t help adjust the ffset and gain f the scillscpe input channels. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 79 f 98

80 Figure 5.1. Time plt. 5.2 Nyquist Plt The Nichls plt is the magnitude and phase pltted in the plar crdinate system. 5.3 Nichls Plt Figure 5.2. Nyquist plt. The Nichl's plt is the magnitude and phase pltted in the Cartesian crdinate system. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 80 f 98

81 Figure 5.3. Nichls plt. 5.4 Cursrs The Cursrs shw cursr infrmatin in table view. This table shws additinal infrmatin t cursr tltips: the 1 / delta x frequency, delta y vertical difference and delta y / delta x. Figure 5.4. Cursr tltips. 6 Exprt See Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 81 f 98

82 Spectrum Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer instrument measures the magnitude f an input signal versus its frequency. The Spectrum Analyzer uses the scillscpe channels t acquire input signals. Because f this, all instruments that use the scillscpe channels will cease acquisitin when the Spectrum Analyzer begins sampling. Figure 1. Spectrum analyzer. 1 Menu See Menu in Cmmn Interfaces. 1.1 View Figure 1.1. View ptins fr Spectrum Analyzer. Time: pens/clses the Time view. Measure: pens/clses the Measurements. Cmpnents: pens/clses the Cmpnents. Cursrs: pens/clses the Cursrs. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 82 f 98

83 2 Cntrl Figure 2. Cntrl tlbar. The cntrl tlbar by default nly shws the imprtant ptins. The dwn/up arrw in the tp left crner shws/hides the ther features. This tlbar cntains the fllwing: Single buttn: starts a single acquisitin. Run/Stp buttn: starts repeated acquisitin. While the acquisitin is in prgress, the Run buttn becmes the Stp buttn. Freq. Range: The frequency range ptins selects the peratin range f the Spectrum Analyzer. Having the aut ptin selected, the maximum frequency r sampling rate is determined based n the stp r highest value between start and stp. Scale: Selects between Linear and Lgarithmic frequency scale. Center/Span r Start/Stp: The frequency halfway between the stp and start frequencies is knwn as the Center frequency. This is the frequency that is in the middle f the display s frequency axis. The Span parameter specifies the range between the start and stp frequencies. Alternatively, the Start and Stp frequencies can be specified. BINs: Adjusts the number f frequency bins. Samples: Adjusts the number f time dmain and scillscpe acquisitin samples. Reslutin: Adjusts the frequency reslutin bandwidth. The gear drp-dwn cntains the fllwing ptins: Algrithm: FFT: Fast Furier Transfrm (quick prcess) expects a number f input samples (always a pwer f 2). It then utputs half f this number in frequency BINs, linear frm 0 t half f the sampling frequency. CZT: Bluestein's Chirp-Z Transfrm expects an arbitrary number f input samples. It then utputs arbitrary number f frequency BINs, linear frm the specified start t stp frequencies. This allws reslutin t increase by interplatin. It allws smth adjustment f reslutin bandwidth with a flexible number f input samples and utput BINs. Update: This specifies the time perid at which the applicatin will check the scillscpe device status and read the acquired data. Increase the time t reduce the update rate. 3 Traces 3.1 Magnitude Figure 3.1. Magnitude trace ptins. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 83 f 98

84 Units: Selects the amplitude units: Vpeak: Relative t 1V amplitude sine wave. Vrms: Relative t 1V RMS (1.41V amplitude) sine wave. dbv: db reference t 1Vrms sine wave pwer, 20*Lg10(Vrms). dbu: db reference t 0.775Vrms sine wave pwer, 20*Lg10(Vrms/0.775). db: db reference t peak vltage value. Tp: Adjusts the tp amplitude level. The channel's input range with Aut ptin is cnfigured accrding t this setting. Range: Selects the amplitude range. Reference: Adjusts the peak vltage reference fr db unit selectin. 3.2 Channel The ptins in the drp-dwn menu allw cnfiguratin f each scillscpe channel as fllws: Offset, Range, Attenuatin, and Sample Mde; and t cnfigure trigger. Having the Aut ptin fr Range, the range is adjusted based n Magnitude Tp value. 3.3 Trace The Add Trance drp-dwn menu cntains: Figure 3.2. Channel ptin drp-dwn menu. Add Nrmal Trace: This adds a trance with default r its last settings. Reference: This allws clning an existing trace settings and data with Hld ptin, t be used as reference trace. Figure 3.3. Trace ptin drp-dwn menu. Up t eight traces can be added. Fr each trace the fllwing ptins can be individually cnfigured: Channel: The channel ptin selects the input f the trace, ne f the scillscpe inputs f the cnnected device, r Hld keeps the trace unchanged/unaffected by the new sweeps. Type: Selects ne f the fllwing: Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 84 f 98

85 Sample: The trace is updated after each sweep. Peak Hld Cnt.: Cntinuus peak hld, keeps the maximum values fr each bin frm cnsecutive sweeps. Peak Hld: The trace is updated after the specified cunt f sweeps. Min Hld Cnt.: Cntinuusly keeps the minimum amplitude values fr each bin frm cnsecutive sweeps. Min Hld: The trace is updated after the specified cunt f sweeps. Linear RMS Average: The trace is updated after the specified cunt f sweeps with linear average f Vrms amplitudes. Linear db Average: The trace is updated after the specified cunt f sweeps with linear average f db amplitudes. Exp. RMS Average: Perfrms expnential averaging f Vrms amplitudes. It is calculated using the fllwing frmula: Averagei = Rrms(Sweep)/Weight + Rms (Average)(i-1)*(Weight -1)/Weight Exp. db Average: Perfrms expnential averaging f Vrms amplitudes. It is calculated using the fllwing frmula: Averagei = db(sweep)/weight + db (Average)(i-1)*(Weight -1)/Weight Cunt/Weight: Specifies the cunt r weight fr the selected averaging methds. The ptins drp-dwn cntains the fllwing settings: Clr: sets the channel wavefrm clr. Windw: Selects the windw functin: Rectangular: Gd fr clsely spaced sine waves and white nise analysis. Triangular Hamming: Gd fr clsely spaced sine waves. Hann(ing): Gd fr unknwn cntent, narrwband, and cmbinatin f sine waves. Csine Blackman-Harris Flat Tp: Reduces reslutin but is gd in amplitude accuracy. Kaiser: See Windw Functins fr mre infrmatin. Beta: Adjusts the π*α parameter f Kaiser windw. Exprt: Opens exprt windw with the respective trace data. See Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Name: specifies the channel name. Label: specifies the channel label. 4 Plt The main spectrum plt shws the magnitude versus frequency. Abut frequency settings see the Cntrl tlbar and Magnitude ptins. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 85 f 98

86 Figure 4.1. Main spectrum plt. See plts in Cmmn Interfaces. 4.1 HtTrack See HtTrack in Cmmn Interfaces. Having the muse cursr in the upper half f the plt, the HtTrack will search and psitin at a nearby peak. In the lwer half f the plt it is nt searching fr peaks. 4.2 Cursrs See Cursrs in Cmmn Interfaces. 5 Views 5.1 Time View The time plt shws the last scillscpe acquisitin. This view is used t help adjusting ptimal ffset and range fr each channel. Figure 5.1. Time view. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 86 f 98

87 5.2 Measurements The Measurements view shws the list f the selected measurements. The first clumn in the list shws the channel, the secnd shws the name, the third shws the measurement value, frequency, and alias frequency fr cmpnents, alng with sme ther measurements. At the tp are Add and Remve and Optins drp-dwn buttn. Pressing the Add buttn pens the Add Measurements windw. On the left side is the channel list, and n the right side is a tree view cntaining the measurement types in grups. Belw it is the current value f the measurement and a shrt descriptin. Pressing the Add buttn here (r duble-clicking an item) adds it t the measurement list. Figure 5.2. Measurements view. The measurement ptins: Harmnics: Maximum number f harmnics t search fr. Alias: Search fr high frequency harmnics, abve analysis frequency limit, reflected by sampling frequency. Excursin: The minimum excursin level needed fr a peak t be cnsidered a valid harmnic. Cnstant ENBW: Nrmalized equivalent nise bandwidth f windw functin. Reslutin: Reslutin f bins, bin t bin distance. RBW: Reslutin bandwidth is calculated frm the transfrm reslutin and windw bandwidth. FS: Full scale is the input range, maximum magnitude f sine wave befre clipping. DNR: Dynamic range is the rati, in db, f the largest t the smallest signals that can be detected. Bits: AD Cnverter bits. BINs: Number f frequency bins, selectable frm the frequency tlbar. Samples: Number f time dmain acquisitin samples, selectable frm the frequency tlbar. Dynamic NF: Nise flr is a rt mean square (RMS) f all the bins except the peak signal and its harmnics. WSpur: Wrst spur level may r may nt be a harmnic f the riginal signal; DC and bins n the descending slpe are excluded. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 87 f 98

88 SFDR: Spurius free dynamic range is the rati f the RMS value f the peak signal t the RMS value f the wrst spurius signal. Expressed in dbc units, with respect t the actual signal amplitude. SFDRFS: Spurius free dynamic range, expressed in dbfs units, with respect t full-scale. SNR: Signal t nise rati, S/N: Where Vmrs i are all bins except peak signal, its harmnics, and DC. The exceptins are the descending slpe bins f the earlier mentined peaks. SNRFS: Signal t nise rati, expressed in dbfs units, with respect t full-scale. THD: Ttal Harmnic Distrtin, S/D Where Vmrs i are the harmnic peak values. SINAD: Signal t nise and distrtin, S/(N + D). Where Vmrs i are all BINs except peak signal and DC, als excluding bins in the descending slpes f these. ENOB: Effective number f bits. Harmnics FF: Fundamental frequency and magnitude. Nth: Harmnics frequency and magnitude value relative t fundamental frequency. The maximum number f harmnics can be cnfigured in the Measurement ptins. 5.3 Cmpnents The cmpnents view shws the spectral cmpnent list fr the chsen trace rdered by magnitude. The cunt parameter sets the number f cmpnent t list. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 88 f 98

89 Figure 5.3. Cmpnents view. 5.4 Cursrs See Cursrs in Cmmn Interfaces. 6 Exprt See Exprt in Cmmn Interfaces. Script Figure 1. Script windw. The Script windw allws executin f WaveFrms scripts. The scripting language is JavaScript, based n the ECMA Script standard. Other prduct and cmpany names mentined may be trademarks f their respective wners. Page 89 f 98