Lab3 Audio Amplifier (Sep 25)

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1 GOAL Lab3 Audi Amplifier (Sep 25) The gal f Lab 3 is t demnstrate an audi amplifier based n an p amp and ttem-ple stage. OBJECTIVES 1) Observe crssver distrtin in a Class B ttem-ple stage. 2) Measure frequency respnse f the amplifier vltage gain 3) Measure the amplifier input impedance 4) Listen t sme tunes! INTRODUCTION Fig. 1: 16 hm speaker. The verall gal f Lab3 is t demnstrate an audi amplifier. Yes, yu culd just purchase an IC chip t d this (e.g. LM386), but it is mre instructive t build ne with an p amp and transistrs. The verall specificatins are the fllwing: Yu can use a nn-inverting (G = 1+ R2/R1) r inverting (G = -R2/R1) amplifier either is fine! Vltage gain G = 20 db (up t 2 db higher is OK) frm 400 Hz t 4 khz Input impedance Z IN 10 khm Drive a 16 hm speaker with up t 100 mw (slightly mre pwer is fine, but nt less!) Fig. 2: (a) Nn inverting amplifier has gain G = 1 + R2/R1 (b) Inverting amplifier has gain G = R2/R1. 1

2 PART 1: CLASS B PUSH-PULL STAGE Parts and Materials: Lab kit Benchtp pwer supply, functin generatr, scpe, and prbe bx (cntains banana cables, multimeter prbes, etc.) 2N4401 transistr (ne), 2N4403 transistr (ne), 16 hm resistr (brwn/blue/black) (ne) Task 1a: Build the Class B push-pull stage (see Fig. 3). Yu must use NEAT and COLOR-CODED wiring n yur breadbard: RED = +5V, BLACK = GND, BLUE = -5V, YELLOW = everything else Cmpnent pin diagrams are in the data sheets n the curse website. Cnfigure the functin generatr fr a SINE wave at 1 khz and 5Vpp amplitude (High Z utput). Task 1b: Measure crssver distrtin (see Fig. 3). Attach a scpe prbe t Vin and anther prbe t V LOAD. Cnfigure the scpe in the fllwing manner: Use a caxial cable t cnnect the functin generatr s SYNC utput t the scpe s EXT input. Set the scpe t External Trigger by using TRIG MENU >> SOURCE >> EXT Adjust the TRIG LEVEL t abut 1V Manually adjust the vertical and hrizntal scales f the scpe t shw a cuple cycles f the lad vltage. D NOT press the Autscale buttn! Buma will deduct 500 pints frm yur grade if he catches yu ding this. Yu shuld see significant crssver distrtin (similar t Fig. 3). Save bth traces fr yur lab reprt (e.g. use the swave cmmand in MATLAB). Fig. 3: Class B push pull stage, where Vcc = 5V. Yur scpe measurements shuld clearly shw the crssver distrtin. 2

3 PART 2: AMPLIFIER CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING Parts and Materials: 2N4401 transistr (ne), 2N4403 transistr (ne), 16 hm resistr (brwn/blue/black) (ne) Capacitrs: 1uF and 470 uf Resistrs: Yu chse! Fig. 4: (a) Nn inverting amplifier. (b) Inverting amplifier. Task 2a: Build yur nn-inverting r inverting amplifier (see Fig. 4). Yu must use NEAT and COLOR-CODED wiring n yur breadbard: RED = +5V, BLACK = GND, BLUE = -5V, YELLOW = everything else Cmpnent pin diagrams are in the data sheets n the curse website. Cnfigure the functin generatr fr a SINE wave at 1 khz and 0.34Vpp amplitude (High Z utput). Task 2b: Measure the amplifier gain. Attach a scpe prbe t Vpamp and V LOAD. Manually adjust the vertical and hrizntal scales f the scpe t shw a cuple cycles. D NOT press the Autscale buttn! The Vpamp wavefrm shuld have very steep changes when Vut has zer-crssings (see Fig. 5). Measure the peak-t-peak V LOAD using the CURSORS r MEAS functin. Fig. 5: The arrws shw where the p amp utput vltage must change abruptly. 3

4 Cmpute the vltage gain. Save bth Vpamp and V LOAD traces fr yur lab reprt (e.g. use the swave cmmand in MATLAB). Task 2c: Measure the slew rate f the p amp. Ideally, Vpamp has perfectly vertical changes in vltage. But infinite dv/dt is impssible! The p amp has finite SLEW RATE, measured in vlts/us. Use the scpe t zm in n an abrupt change in Vpamp (e.g. near ne f the arrws in Fig. 5). Think f a way t measure the p amp s slew rate. Recrd this value. Hw des yur measurement cmpare with the LF356 data sheet (see curse website)? Task 2d: Measure the frequency respnse f yur amplifier gain. Any amplifier has frequency dependent gain! Use the scpe s MEAS functin r CURSORS t measure V LOAD and fill ut the table belw. Table I: Pwer amplifier measurements (Vin = 0.34Vpp sine wave). Amplifier Freq 10 Hz 20 Hz 40 Hz 100 Hz 200 Hz 400 Hz 1 khz 2 khz 4 khz 10 khz 20 khz 40 khz 100 khz 200 khz 400 khz V LOAD V LOAD shuld shw increasingly wrse crssver distrtin at very high frequencies (e.g. abve 10 khz)! This is due t the limited slew rate f the p amp. 4

5 In MATLAB, make a plt f yur measured amplifier gain. It will prbably lk smething like Fig. 6. Yu want t plt the amplifier gain in DECIBELS. Use the semilgx cmmand t display frequency ver a lg scale. Use the grid n cmmand t display the grid lines. An amplifier s cut-ff frequency is defined as the frequency where the gain drps by -3 db. Based n yur plt: What is the LOW frequency cut-ff f yur amplifier? What is the HIGH frequency cut-ff f yur amplifier? Save yur plt fr yur lab reprt! Fig. 6: Yur amplifier frequency respnse shuld lk smething like this. Task 2e: Measure the input impedance ZIN f yur amplifier. An amplifier s Z IN cannt be directly measured (e.g. with a multimeter). Frtunately, it s nt that difficult if yu understand hw vltage dividers wrk! The basic idea is that yu knw the value f ne resistr but nt the ther ne. By measuring tw vltages, yu can use sme algebra t figure ut the mystery resistr! Think abut a methd t determine input impedance Z IN. Keep in mind the fllwing: V S = functin generatr vltage R S = resistr added t circuit. Vin = amplifier input vltage Z IN = amplifier input impedance Yu knw the value f R S and yu can measure V S and Vin. Cme up with an equatin fr Z IN based n these three quantities! Cmpute Z IN based n yur measurements Des yur cmputed Z IN satisfy the design requirement? Fig. 7: Zin is the mystery quantity! Think abut hw t calculate Zin based n what quantities yu knw and what yu can measure! 5

6 PART 3: AUDIO TESTING OK, nw we can finally listen t sme sunds! Parts and Materials: 16 hm speaker Audi cable Step 3a: Make the fllwing mdificatins t yur breadbard: Amplifier input: Remve the functin generatr frm the amplifier input. Cnnect the audi cable t yur breadbard. The red wire ges t yur amplifier input (e.g. Cin) The cpper wire ges t GND. Insert the audi cable jack int yur phne, r laptp, r the desktp cmputer. Chse yur music, r pdcast, r whatever. Set the vlume VERY LOW. Amplifier utput: Remve the 16 hm lad resistr. Cnnect the audi speaker (e.g. t Cut). Yu will need tw wires t cnnect the speaker s tw-pin scket t the breadbard. If all ges well, yu shuld hear stuff cming ut f the speaker! Adjust the vlume as necessary. Step 3b: Circuit Dem. Shw Buma the fllwing: Measured plt f crssver distrtin Measured amplifier gain at 1 khz Measured plt f V OUT and Vpamp Plt f the amplifier gain s frequency respnse Measured Z IN Let Buma enjy the music frm yur audi amplifier! (End f Lab3) 6

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