Using Photoshop CS3. Copyright by Bruce Blinn 1

Transcription

1 Using Phtshp CS3 Set Up... 2 Wrkflw... 2 Opening JPEG in Camera Raw... 4 Cmpsitin... 4 Align Hrizn... 4 Crp Image... 5 Change Image Size... 5 Image Adjustments... 5 Levels... 5 Curves... 6 Clr Balance... 6 Shadw/Highlights... 6 Expsure... 7 Sharpen... 7 Selective Adjustments... 9 Ddge and Burn... 9 Ddge Burn Remve Spts Remve Unwanted Element Whiten Teeth Imprve Skin Plastic Surgery Layers Merge Tw Images Create a Layer Mask Selectins Quick Selectin Printing Shutterfly Settings Miscellaneus Add Text Cnvert t Black and White Panramas Web Pht Gallery Cntact Sheet Make Grid f Images Blending Mdes Independent Layer Darken Lighten Add Cntrast Cmpare Apply Quality Keybard Shrtcuts PC and Mac Cmmand Keys Keys Selectins Panels Tls Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 1

2 Set Up Select Windw->Wrkspace->MyWrkspace if yu have created yur wn wrkspace (named MyWrkspace) r fllw these steps. Select Windw->Wrkspace->Default Wrkspace. Remve the Clr Swatches panel. Select the Histgram panel s it is shwing. Select Windw->Wrkspace->Save Wrkspace. Select Edit->Preferences->General. Check Beep When Dne. If yu perfrm tasks that take a lng time, such as sme f the autmatin and script capabilities n the File menu, yu may find this useful; therwise, it might be annying Select Edit->Preferences->File handling. Change Maximize PSD and PSB File Cmpatibility frm Ask t Always. Select Edit->Preferences->Cursrs. Set Painting Cursrs t Nrmal Brush Tip. Check Shw Crsshair in Brush Tip. Set Other Cursrs t Precise. The standard cursrs are easier t see against a dark backgrund and have a crss t shw precisely where they are perating, s this may r may nt be useful. Select Edit->Preferences->Units & Rulers. Set Units, Rulers t inches. Select Edit->Clr Settings. Change Wrkspaces->RGB t srgb. Set this t the clr space that will be used when yu print the images; therwise, the printer may change sme clrs that are available in yur clr space but nt in its clr space. Fr cmmercial printing use srgb. Change Clr Management Plicies->RGB t Cnvert t Wrking RGB. In Clr Management Plicies, uncheck the bxes fr asking abut mismatched prfiles. In Clr Management Plicies, uncheck the bx fr asking abut missing prfiles. Wrkflw In Phtshp, yu generally want t fix the biggest prblem first, and yu want t avid making destructive changes (changes that cannt be undne after the file is saved). Whenever pssible, each change shuld be made in a separate layer in Phtshp. This makes it easier t revisit individual changes at a later time. Editing an image in the fllwing rder is a reasnable wrkflw: Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 2

3 Preserve the riginal Make a cpy f the riginal s yu can start ver r make mre than ne versin f the image frm the same riginal. Cnvert image t PSD file The PSD frmat is the native frmat fr Phtshp, s it has supprt fr all f Phtshp's capabilities. Fr example, PSD files can stre an image with multiple layers, but a JPEG file cannt. Straighten and crp This is a destructive step, but yu prbably will nt want a versin f the image that has nt been straightened, s yu will nt need t und this step. Yu can als crp ut any part f the image that yu are certain yu will never want, but pstpne artistic crpping and crpping t change the aspect rati until later. Make adjustments t the image Making each change in a separate adjustment layer makes it easy t g back and see exactly what was dne t the image and alter the changes is needed. Fix biggest prblems first. If there is a big prblem with the image, yu may want t fix that befre making the verall adjustments since it may affect the ther adjustments. Otherwise, make verall adjustments befre lcal changes. Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Expsure Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Levels Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Curves Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Clr Balance Perfrm sptting Perfrm retuching Apply creative effects Save as PSD file Up t this pint, the changes have been nn-destructive. The PSD file frmat can preserve the changes that have been made s far s they can be undne r mdified even after the file has been saved. Frm this pint frward, the changes that will be made will be destructive and cannt be undne; therefre, it is imprtant nt t verwrite the file that is saved in this step. One way t d this is t duplicate the image by selecting Image->Duplicate. This will make an exact cpy the current image except the file name will be appended with cpy, which can be seen in the title bar. Flatten image The steps frm this pint frward must be perfrmed n a flattened image (that is, n layers). Adjust cmpsitin Crp the image t remve extraneus area and change t the desired aspect rati. This step is perfrmed after the image has been edited in case yu want t print different cmpsitins f the image (e.g., 4x6 and 8x10). Change image size Resample the image t the pixel density needed fr printing (e.g., 8 x10 and 300 ppi). If this step is nt perfrmed, it will be perfrmed autmatically by the printer; hwever, sharpening is nly effective if it is dne after resampling s it is better t resample the image in Phtshp. Sharpen image This step shuld be perfrmed after the image as been resampled t its final image size. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 3

4 Save as JPEG file D NOT verwrite the PSD file that was saved abve. This is the pint t save the exact image that will be printed. Since a the image n lnger cntains infrmatin unique t Phtshp, a high quality JPEG file is a gd chice; the jpg suffix will prevent verwriting the image saved earlier and the file will be cmpressed t use less space. When saving the final JPEG file, it can be useful t incrprate the aspect rati (e.g., 8x10 ) and sharpening parameters (e.g., ) int the name f the file. Print OriginalImageName-8x jpg Nw yu shuld have three separate image files: 1) the riginal JPEG r raw file that came frm the camera withut any changes, 2) the PSD file with the nn-destructive changes saved in separate adjustment layers, and 3) the JPEG file that is ready t print, which incrprates any destructive changes. Nte: Every time a JPEG file is saved, it is cmpressed, which lses a little f the data in the image. If a JPEG file is saved ver-and-ver, it will eventually lse enugh data that the image will degrade. In the wrkflw abve, the image was saved twice as a JPEG file: the riginal image saved by the camera and the JPEG file used fr printing. If high quality settings (lw cmpressin) are used when saving a JPEG file, saving it tw times will nt cause enugh degradatin f the image t be nticeable. Opening JPEG in Camera Raw Yu can pen a JPEG file as if it is a raw file in either Phtshp r Bridge. This will allw yu t make nn-destructive edits, such as crpping, t JPEG files. T pen a JPEG file in Camera Raw frm Phtshp: Open Phtshp. In Phtshp, select File->Open As. In the Open As dialg bx that pps up, navigate t the file yu want t pen in raw mde, and select the file in the File name field. In the Open As field, select Camera Raw. Select Open. T pen a JPEG file in Camera Raw frm Bridge: Cmpsitin Open Bridge. Navigate t shw the images yu want t wrk with as yu nrmally wuld, then select the file(s) yu want t edit in camera raw. Select File->Open in Camera Raw. Align Hrizn Select the Ruler tl. The Ruler tl is n the same icn as the Eyedrpper tl, s press Shift-I until the icn changes t the ruler icn. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 4

5 Click n ne end f the hrizn and drag a line t the ther end. Cntinue t click and drag n the ends f the line t repsitin until it is psitined crrectly. Select Image->Rtate Canvas->Arbitrary. Then, select OK. Crp Image Turn ff View->Snap T->Grid. Select the Crp tl by pressing the C key. By pressing the shift key while selecting the area t crp, the image prprtins will stay cnstant. Change Image Size When resizing a 35mm (2x3 r 4x6) image fr printing, crpping fr 8x10 makes the image mre square, and 5x7 and 3x5 make the image less square (lnger and thinner). 8x10 5x7 3x5 Crps the image by shrtening the lng side. Crps the image by shrtening the shrt side (a small amunt). Crps the image by shrtening the shrt side. Picture Size 4x6 5x7 8x10 11x14 16x20 20x30 Frame Size 8x10 8x10 11x14 16x20 22x28 Select Image>Image Size. When resampling an image, use Bicubic Sharper when reducing the size f the image and use Bicubic Smther when making the image larger. Image Adjustments Levels The levels panel can be used t set the verall cntrast. In general, mst images will benefit frm making the brightest pixels in the image be white and making the darkest pixels be black. Select Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Levels. If the histgram des nt reach the left side f the graph, mve the left slider t the base f the histgram (maybe a little less). This makes the darkest shadws pure black. If yu Alt-click n the left slider, the image will turn white. As yu drag the slider t the right, the clipped shadws will begin t shw up as black areas in the image. This makes it easy t see where yu are lsing detail as yu adjust the slider. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 5

6 If the histgram des nt reach the right side f the graph, mve the right slider t the base f the histgram (maybe a little less). This makes the brightest highlights pure white. If yu Alt-click n the right slider, the image will turn black. As yu drag the slider t the left, the clipped highlights will begin t shw up as white areas in the image. This makes it easy t see where yu are lsing detail as yu adjust the slider. Mve the center slider t adjust the mid-tnes. This will make the verall image lighter r darker. The utput sliders are used t decrease the blackness f the shadws and the whiteness f the highlights. This is nly necessary if yu need t cmpensate fr changes in the image during printing (e.g., dt gain). Curves Select Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Curves. The graph shws "input" n the bttm with shadws n left and highlights n the right. The "utput" n the left side f the graph shws what the values are being changed t as yu drag pints n the graph. That is, dragging a pint up makes its value (and thse arund it) lighter and dragging it dwn makes it darker. "S" shape makes the curve steeper, which increases cntrast. Click anywhere in the image and a small circle will be drawn n the line in the curves panel shwing the lcatin f that pixel in the curves data. T create a pint n the curve at that lcatin, release the muse buttn, then Ctrl-click n that lcatin. Clr Balance Methd 1 Select Image->Adjustments->Variatins. This tl prvides a grid f pre-adjusted images t select frm. Methd 2 Select Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Clr Balance. Be sure t check and adjust shadws, highlights, and mid-tmes separately. Methd 3 Select Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Pht Filter. Select Filter. Try different filters frm the drp dwn bx. Mve the density slider t adjust intensity f the filter. Shadw/Highlights Yu cannt perfrm the shadw and highlight adjustment in an adjustment later. Therefre, cpy the backgrund layer and perfrm the adjustment n the cpy. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 6

7 Duplicate the backgrund layer by selecting the backgrund layer. Then, select Layer- >Duplicate Layer. Select Image->Adjustments->Shadw/Highlights. Check the Shw Mre Optins check bx t see all the ptins available. Shadws amunt is initially set t 50%. Reset it t zer befre starting t make adjustments. The amunt determines hw much t lighten shadws r darken highlights. Start with a setting f 0%. The tnal width and radius determine which pixels are affected. The tnal width determines the range f pixels that will be adjusted based n their brightness, r luminsity. Fr example, using a lw tnal width when adjusting shadws will cause nly the darkest pixels t be adjusted. Start with a setting f 50%. The radius determines hw much f the surrunding area will be affected when making the adjustment. That is, it is used t restrict the adjustment based n the relative lcatin f pixels t the shadw r highlight areas being adjusted. Start with a setting f 30 pixels. Expsure Overexpsure If the image is washed ut (t light), create a duplicate layer and set the Blend Mde t Multiply, which will make image twice as dark. Duplicate again t darken further. Once the image is t dark, reduce the pacity n the tp layer. Underexpsure If the image is t dark, create a duplicate layer and set the Blend Mde t Screen, which will make image half as dark. Duplicate again t lighten further. Once the image is t light, reduce the pacity n the tp layer. Sharpen Either flatten the image r select the layer that cntains the part f the image that yu want sharpened. T sharpen detail, rather than clr, change the image t Lab mde and nly sharpen the lightness channel (each time yu change the clr mde, it causes a slight lss f quality). The preview image in the Unsharp and Smart Sharpen dialg bxes shw the effects f the current sharpening settings. Click n the preview image and it will revert t the image withut sharpening as lng as yu hld dwn the muse buttn. The Preview checkbx determines whether the effect is visible in the actual image as ppsed t being visible nly in the preview area f the dialg bx. Enter Ctrl-Alt-0 t view the image at 100% magnificatin (each image pixel is represented by ne mnitr pixel). If the magnificatin is greater than 100%, then mre than ne mnitr is used t represent each image pixel. If the magnificatin is less than 100%, then each yu are Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 7

8 nt seeing all the image pixels because each mnitr pixel represents mre than ne image pixel. Using Unsharp Filter Select Filter->Sharpen->Unsharp Mask. The Amunt cntrls hw much the cntrast is enhanced alng the edges in yur image. Yu can think f the amunt as cntrlling the intensity f the hal effect created alng the edges in yur image. It determines hw much t lighten the light pixels and darken the dark pixels when they are part f an edge. Set between Use 85 as a default. The Radius cntrls the width f the area t be affected by the increase in cntrast alng the edges f yur image. Yu can think f the radius as cntrlling the width f the hal effect that is created alng the edges in yur image. It specifies hw far frm the current pixel t lk fr ther pixels that are part f the edge. Set t 1-1.2, maybe 2, but nly rarely mre. The Threshld is the difference in value f the surrunding pixels that identifies an edge. Fr example, if threshld is 4, then nly pixels that differ by 4 r mre are sufficiently different t cnstitute an edge. Pixels that differ by less than 4 are similar t the current pixel and nt an edge. The higher the threshld, the less sharpening is affected. Set between Use 4 as a default. Technique 1 Start by setting Amunt t 500, Radius t 1, and Threshld t 0. Technique 2 Slwly increase the threshld until fine detail is nt exaggerated and begins t smth ut (typically 0-9). Change the radius t the highest setting that des nt make the edges lk like they are glwing (typically.5-2). Use a lwer radius fr images with fine detail. Adjust the amunt until the image lks naturally sharp (typically ). Use a lwer setting f amunt with higher settings f radius, and vice-versa. If hals appear at the edges r fine detail, it has t much cntrast; reduce the amunt. Start with a high amunt and lw radius. Set Amunt t 500 (the maximum), and Radius t 0.1 (the minimum). Set Threshld t 0. Technique 3 Increment Radius by 0.1 pixels until yu see a marked jump in verall sharpness. If necessary, fine tune by setting Amunt t 100 and incrementing by 100, 50, then 25 if necessary. Check fr excessive nise in the image. If necessary, increase Threshld t reduce nise. Be cnservative. Errr n the side f under-sharpening. If yu ve used gd phtgraphic fundamentals and a decent lens, it desn t take much sharpening t really pp the sharpness in yur prints and screen images. Cmbine high Amunt (30-500) with lw Radius ( ), r Small Amunt (7-150) with high Radius ( ). Use Threshld f 0 fr nature phtgraphy with small detail like feathers. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 8

9 Use Threshld f 8-12 fr prtraits s every detail is nt sharpened. Unsharp Settings Amunt Radius Threshld Use Sft subjects (peple, flwers, animals) Hard edged subjects (cars, buildings) All-purpse filtering; gd fr mst images Eye f the subject Sharpen twice t increase sharpening (Filter->Last Filter) rather than increasing the values. Rugh texture and well defined edges can use mre sharpening. Using Smart Sharpen Filter The Smart Sharpen filter prvides mre cntrl that the Unsharp filter and is a gd chice fr sharpening phtgraphs. Select Filter->Sharpen->Smart Sharpen. The Amunt and Radius settings are the same as with the Unsharp filter. The Mre Accurate checkbx at the bttm f the Basic sharpening sectin takes the place f the Threshld setting in the Unsharp filter. Selecting this checkbx reduces the threshld fr finding an edge and thus, mre edges are fund. Select this checkbx fr mst images. Selecting the Advanced checkbx causes Shadw and Highlight tabs t appear. These can be useful fr selective sharpening, but yu are mre likely t want t sharpen based n the subject r backgrund. The Remve drp-dwn list lets yu select the tl used t remve certain types f blur. Use Lens Blur as the default. Althugh yu cannt change this setting when using the Unsharp filter, the Unsharp filter uses Gaussian Blur. Selective Adjustments Ddge and Burn This technique wrks by adding a neutral layer t the image that can be either lightened r darkened in specific areas where yu want make changes. Select Layer->New->Layer. Set Mde t Overlay. Check Fill with Overlay-neutral clr (50% gray) check bx (if the checkbx is nt active, make sure Overlay mde is selected abve). Select the Brush tl by pressing the B key. Use a sft brush (hardness = 0%). Fr burning, make sure fregrund is black. Press the D key t restre the default clrs (black fregrund and white backgrund). Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 9

10 Fr ddging, change the fregrund t white. Press the X key t exchange the fregrund and backgrund clrs. Yu can ddge and burn n the same layer, by alternately painting with white and black. Reduce the pacity f the layer t reduce the effect f ddging and burning. T change the pacity, select the layer in the Layers panel and change the pacity in the Opacity field at the tp f the panel. It may be mre effective t reduce the pacity f the brush rather than the entire layer s that it is easier t use different amunts f ddging and burning in different areas. Ddge This technique wrks by a new adjustment layer using the screen mde. By creating an all-black layer mask, the effect f the layer is masked ut. Nw, painting n the layer mask with a white brush allws the lightening effect f the layer t shw thrugh. Select Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Levels. Set Mde t Screen. Select Edit->Fill. In the ppup, select Black frm the Cntents drp dwn list. Select the Brush tl by pressing the B key. Use a sft brush (hardness = 0%). Burn Make sure fregrund is white. Press the D key, then the X key. Paint with the muse t lighten areas f the image. Reducing the pacity f the brush reduces the effect, which allws yu t make very subtle changes. Same as ddging (abve) but create an adjustment layer with the mde set t Multiply instead f Screen. Remve Spts Create a new layer s yu d nt have t mdify the riginal pixels. Select Layer->New ->Layer. After selecting the tl yu are ging t use, be sure t select Sample All Layers frm the ptin bar. Using the Clne Stamp Tl Select the Clne Stamp tl by pressing Shift-S. In the ptins bar: Set the brush size (Diameter) s it is slightly larger than the narrwest dimensin f the spt yu are ging t remve (press [ r ]). Use a sft edge brush (set Hardness t 0%). Set the Mde t Nrmal. Yu can change the mde t Lighten if remving dark spts r Darken if remving light spts. Select Aligned. This causes the surce t mve with the cursr at the destinatin. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 10

11 Set Sample t Sample All Layers if yu are sptting frm a layer abve the backgrund layer. Mve the cursr ver the area yu want t clne frm and press Alt-Click fr Phtshp t remember the lcatin. Mve the cursr ver ne end f the spt yu want t remve. Then click and drag the cursr ver the length f the spt. T experiment with different results, use a different size brush r click and drag frm a different directin. Using the Healing Brush Tl Select the Healing Brush tl by pressing Shift-J r by selecting the band-aid icn in the tls panel. In the ptins bar: Set the brush size (Diameter) s it is slightly larger than the narrwest dimensin f the spt yu are ging t remve (press [ r ]). Set Hardness t 0%, Spacing t 25%, Angle t 60 degrees, and Rundness t 60%. Set the Mde t Nrmal. Yu can change the mde t Lighten if remving dark spts r Darken if remving light spts. Select Aligned. This causes the surce t mve with the cursr at the destinatin. Set Sample t Sample All Layers if yu are sptting frm a layer abve the backgrund layer. Mve the cursr ver the area yu want t clne frm and press Alt-Click fr Phtshp t remember the lcatin. Mve the cursr ver ne end f the spt yu want t remve. Then click and drag the cursr ver the length f the spt. T experiment with different results, use a different size brush r click and drag frm a different directin. This tl is different than the Clne Stamp tl because instead f the pixels being cpied frm the surce t the destinatin, the texture is cpied and the clr is blended, which can make the crrectin mre natural lking. Using the Spt Healing Brush Tl Select the Spt Healing Brush tl. The Spt Healing Brush tl is n the same icn as the Healing Brush tl, s press Shift-J until the icn changes t the icn f a band-aid ver a spt In the ptins bar: Set the brush size (Diameter) s it is slightly larger than the narrwest dimensin f the spt yu are ging t remve (press [ r ]). Set Hardness t 0%, Spacing t 25%, Angle t 60 degrees, and Rundness t 60%. Set the Mde t Nrmal. Yu can change the mde t Lighten if remving dark spts r Darken if remving light spts. Select Prximity Match. Select Sample All Layers if yu are sptting frm a layer abve the backgrund layer. Mve the cursr ver ne end f the spt yu want t remve. Then click and drag the cursr ver the length f the spt. T experiment with different results, use a different size brush r Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 11

12 click and drag frm a different directin. This is the same as the Healing Brush tl except yu d nt need t define a surce t cpy the pixels frm. Using the Patch tl Select the Patch tl. The Patch tl is n the same icn as the Healing Brush tl, s press Shift-J until the icn changes t the patch icn. Select area t repair using any selectin tl. Drag that selectin ver an area that yu want cpied ver the area t repair. Area will be clned, except texture will be preserved. Remve Unwanted Element Select the unwanted element with the Lass tl. Selectin shuld be slightly larger than the area t remve. Mve the selectin t an area that cntains the material that will be used t cver the area. Any selectin tl can be used t mve the selectin. If the cver material is t small, use the Lass tl t reduce the size f the selectin. Cpy and paste the cver material (Edit->Cpy, Edit->Paste). This will create a new layer called Layer 1. Use the Mve tl t mve Layer 1 ver the tp f the inclusin. T cmpletely cver the inclusin, yu may have t paste and mve several new layers. Once this is dne, select Layer>Merge Dwn (Ctrl-E) t cllapse the new layers int a single Layer 1. Create a layer mask fr Layer 1. Highlight Layer 1 and select Layer->Add Layer Mask->Hide All. D nt be alarmed when the inclusin suddenly appears again. This is an intended feature f the hide all layer mask. Feathering and blending the edges f Layer 1 invlves painting n the layer mask with a feathered brush. T select a feathered brush, select the Brush tl n the tl panel. Click n the Brush pull-dwn menu. Scrll the Brush pull-dwn menu until an apprpriate brush appears. In this case, I ve selected a 100 pixel feathered brush. Duble click n the desired brush t select. T set the clr f the brush, duble click the fregrund clr bx and pick a clr frm the Clrs Panel. In this case, I ve picked black. Clicked n the layer mask f Layer 1 t select it. Paint alng the edges f the inclusin until just expsed. Merge Layer 1 back int the backgrund layer by selecting Layer 1 in the layers panel, and select Layer>Merge Dwn (Ctrl-E). Apply the Clne Stamp tl t break up any traces f a clned pattern. Whiten Teeth Select teeth using any selectin tl. Select Select->Mdify->Feather. Set Feather Radius t 2. Select Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Hue/Saturatin Change Master t Yellws. Reduce saturatin by mving the Saturatin slider t the left. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 12

13 Change back t Master. Increase lightness mving the Lightness slider t the right. Layers Imprve Skin Duplicate backgrund layer. Turn ff the eye n the new layer s it des nt hide the riginal backgrund layer. Select the backgrund layer (that is, the bttm layer, nt the cpy). Remve blemishes with spt healing tl. Example brush settings: hardness 80%, spacing 25%, angle 60%, and rundness 60%. Select Filter->Blur->Gaussian Blur. Set Radius t 3. Turn n the eye n the cpy f the backgrund layer (that is, the tp layer). Add a layer mask t the cpy f the backgrund layer (that is, the tp layer). Set the fregrund clr t dark grey (darker results in less pacity). Select the Brush tl by pressing the B key. Set Hardness t 0. Paint where yu want lwer image t shw thrugh. Gd fr remving wrinkles; d nt d eyes r muth where yu want t preserve sharpness. Plastic Surgery The Liquify filter can be used t change the shape f bdy areas. The tl can be selected frm the tl bar n the left side f the windw. Flatten image. Select Filter->Liquify. Use the warp tl t push parts f the image with the brush. Fr example, it can be used t make a persn's cheeks thinner. Use the pucker tl t pull the sides f the brush tward the center. Fr example, it can be used t make a persn's nse thinner. Use the blat tl t make the part f the image under the brush bigger frm the center ut. Fr example, it can be used t make a persn's eyes larger. Using an adjustment layer t make changes allws yu t make a change t an image withut altering any f the image data. If yu cannt make an adjustment using an adjustment layer, then duplicate the backgrund and wrk n the duplicate layer. This allws yu t get sme f the benefit, such as turning the layer n and ff and adjusting the pacity. Shift-Click n the layer mask t temprarily disable it. Shift-Click again t restre it. Alt-Click n the layer mask t shw it full size. Alt-Click again t restre it. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 13

14 Ctrl-Click n the layer mask t cnvert it t a selectin. Type \ t see layer mask f active layer as a clr verlay n the image. Type \ again t remve it. Ctrl-Click layer s next adjustment layer will apply t nly that layer in a multi-layer image??? Merge Tw Images Drag ne image nt anther image. Select the prtin f the upper image that yu want t keep. Create a layer mask n tp image (select the Add Layer Mask icn at bttm f layers panel). The layer mask will be initialized by the selectin. Select the Mve tl. Check the Shw Transfrm Cntrls checkbx in the ptins tl bar. If yu cannt see the transfrm cntrls, zm ut until yu can. Resize the upper image as desired. Select the layer mask in the layers panel fr the upper image. Use the brush tl t mask ut (remve) prtins f the upper image that yu d nt want. Make sure the fregrund clr is black and pacity is 100%. Turn ff the eye fr the lwer layer t see what is masked better. Create a Layer Mask Every adjustment layer has an assciated layer mask. It is initially shwn as a white bx in the layer in the layer panel. Wherever the layer mask is white, the changes in the layer will apply t the image belw. Wherever the layer mask is black, the layer will have n effect n the image belw. Anytime the layer is the active layer, yu can use any tl t draw n the image and it will actually be drawing n the layer mask. Yu can press the backslash key (\) t change the mask red s yu can see exactly what is masked and what is nt. Press the backslash key again turn ff this effect. Create Layer Mash frm Selectin Befre creating a new adjustment layer, use any f the selectin tls t select the part f the image that yu want the adjustment layer t mdify. Create the new adjustment layer. A layer mask will be created fr the layer. The part f the image that was selected will be white in the layer mask and the rest will be black. Once the layer is created, yu can edit the layer mask whenever the layer is the active layer using any f the ther techniques described in this sectin. Create Layer Mash Using the Brush Tl Create a new adjustment layer and make the adjustment t the area that yu are interested in. Disregard the effect the adjustment is having n the area that yu are ging t mask ut. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 14

15 The mask will be made by painting, s select the brush tl (B) and adjust the size and hardness (usually use a sft brush (0%)). Press D t set the fregrund and backgrund clrs t black and white. Paint ver the areas that yu d nt want the adjustment layer t effect. As yu paint, yu will see these areas shw up in the layer mask as black and the effect f the adjustment layer will be remved frm the area being painted. Yu can erase a mistake by reversing the clrs (X) and panting with white. If yu want t change the layer mask at a later time, select the layer t make it active and paint n the image as befre t change the layer mask. Yu can create a layer mask using this methd, but start with a cmpletely black layer mask like this: Select Edit->Fill. In the ppup, select Black frm the Cntents drp dwn list. Nw, the layer mask blcks the entire adjustment layer s it has n effect. Paint with white in the areas where yu want the adjustment t take effect. Create Layer Mask Using the Gradient Tl Create a new adjustment layer and make the adjustment t the area that yu are interested in. Select the Gradient tl (G). In the ptins bar: Select the drp dwn list and select the first thumbnail, which is the fregrund t backgrund gradient. In the next set f five icns, select the first ne, which is fr the linear gradient. Press D t select the default fregrund and backgrund clrs (black and white). T create the gradient, drag the muse acrss the area t be masked frm the nn-masked area t the masked area. Press the shift key while dragging the muse t lck the gradient t the nearest 45 degree angle. Selectins Selectins allw yu t islate areas f yur image t cntrl where a tl r adjustment will affect the image. There are tw types f selectins: nrmal selectins and masks. A nrmal selectin is ne where yu define the perimeter f an area. A mask defines and area by selecting pixels in a mask. If there is an active selectin, editing (e.g., Filter->Sharpen->Unsharp Mask) will nly be applied inside the selected area. Magnetic Lass aids selectin by finding edges. Magic Wand Lass aids selectin by finding similar clr. T select the sky: (1) chse the Magic Wand tl in the tls panel; (2) set tlerance (32 in this example); (3) while hlding dwn the shift key, repeatedly click the sky with the magic wand until the entire sky is surrunded by marching ants; (5) save the selectin by executing Select->Save Selectin and naming the selectin sky. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 15

16 Expand a selectin by using the Lass tl, hlding dwn the shift key, and drawing the extensin. Reduce a selectin by using the Lass tl, hlding dwn the Alt key, and drawing the reductin. Printing Quick Selectin Press Q t enter quick selectin mde. Press Q again t return t nrmal selectin mde. When in quick selectin mde, the existing selectin is cnverted t a mask and shwn ver the image. Nw yu can use any f the drawing tls t make changes t the existing selectin. When yu leave quick selectin mde (return t nrmal selectin mde), the new selectin will be indicated by marching ants. When yu enter quick selectin mde, the nt selected areas will be shwn in red. If there is nt an existing selectin, nthing will be red when yu enter quick selectin mde. Use any drawing tl t make a selectin. If nthing happens, make sure the fregrund clr is black and the backgrund clr is white. Nte: The quick selectin and the layer mask verlaying the image may lk similar and can even be displayed at the same time, but they are tw different things. The quick selectin is a nrmal selectin that will be shwn with marching ants when yu leave quick selectin mde. And, the layer mask is the mask that applies t the currently active layer. Shutterfly Settings Save as JPEG. Use srgb. Disable VividPics r Shutterfly will adjust clr, brightness, and cntrast. T disable VividPics, g t My Pictures and select an album. Select each image in the album where yu want t disable VividPics. Select Edit->Apply effect. Select the checkbx n the right that says Dn't apply autmatic crrectins t picture. Select Apply this effect t selected pictures (this is the link just abve the checkbx). Miscellaneus Add Text Select the Text tl (T). Other tls yu might want t use are the vertical text tl, the hrizntal text mask, r the vertical text mask tls (all in the same lcatin in the tls panel (Shift-T)). Set the fnt, style, and size frm the ptins bar. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 16

17 Click n the image clse t where yu want the text t appear. Or yu can click and drag t create a text bx t cnstrain the text. This cause a new layer t be created Enter the text. The text layer will autmatically be renamed t match the text that is entered. Select the Mve tl (V). Repsitin the text as desired. Yu can g back t the Text tl and click n the text t make mre changes. After the text lks the way yu want it using the ptins n the Text tl ptin bar, yu can add layer styles, which will give the text a three dimensinal lk. Duble click in a blank area f the text layer in the Layers panel t bring up the Layer Style dialg bx. When yu add a layer style t a layer, an icn (fx) is added t the right side f the layer in the Layers panel. Yu can drag this icn and drp it n anther layer t cpy the layer style frm ne layer t anther. This is useful when yu have multiple text layers that yu want t all lk the same. Cnvert t Black and White Methd 1 Select Layer->New Adjustment Layer->Black & White. Try the different ptins in the Preset bx. Fine tune using the sliders. Check the Tint checkbx if yu want t add a clr tint t the image (fr example, t simulate a sepia image (brwn cast). Mve Hue slider t select clr f the tint. Mve Saturatin slider t adjust the intensity. Methd 2 Select Image->Mde->Grayscale. Methd 3 Select Windws->Shw Channels. Lk at red, green, and blue channels t see which ne makes the best black and white image. Skin tnes tend t have a lt f red, s, fr example, the red channel is ften best. Select that channel. Select Image->Mde->Grayscale. Methd 4 Select Layer->New Adjustment layer->hue/saturatin. Desaturate the image by mving the saturatin slider all the way t the left (setting -100). Yu can leave the image in clr mde s yu can use the clr balance adjustment t change the tne f the image. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 17

18 Panramas Select File->Autmate->Phtmerge. T alter ne layer f a panrama, select the layer t adjust with the Cntrl key pressed??? When taking phtgraph fr panrama, zm ut t 50mm r mre. Panrama Sequence These are the steps used t make a panrama picture that cnsists f several images side-by-side. Edit the images that will be put in the cllage s they are ready t use. Change the size f the images t match the panrama: fr example, 4 x4 at 300 ppi. The ppi f the images shuld be the same as the panrama yu are ging t create. Flatten the layers s they can be cpied t the new panrama image. An easy way t flatten the images withut lsing the infrmatin in the layers is t save them as JPEG files. Fr example, clse the images and enter File->Scripts->Image Prcessr (resize t 1200x1200 pixels (4 x 300 ppi) if necessary). Open the (JPEG) images in Phtshp s yu can cpy them t the panrama. Create a canvas fr the panrama by selecting File->New. Enter the name f the panrama. Set the size s it is large enugh fr all the images. Fr example, if yu have 4 images that are 4 x4 at 300 ppi, then create a new image that is 4.5 x 16.8 at 300 ppi. Thse dimensins allw.25 abve, belw, and n each end with.1 between each image. Fr each image: Create a new layer fr the image by selecting Layer->New->Layer, r enter shiftcntrl-n Change t the image in Phtshp. Select the entire image by entering cntrl-a, and cpy it by entering cntrl-c. Switch back t the new canvas. Select the new layer. Enter cntrl-v t paste the image in the selected layer. If yu are having truble pasting the image, make sure the image yu cpied it frm was flattened. If yu are having truble seeing it, try using cntrl- (cntrl-minus) t shrink it. Yu can mve the image arund by selecting the layer yu put it in then left clicking the image and dragging it where yu want it. Yu can use the arrw keys t make small-adjustments. Save the panrama as a JPEG file and cpy it t the web page. Web Pht Gallery This tl will take a set f images and create a directry that implements a web page fr viewing the images. After it is finished, yu can use a brwser t pen the file index.html in the directry that is created t view the web page. Select File->Autmate->Web Pht Gallery. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 18

19 Example Open Bridge CS3 (CS4 des nt have the ptin t pass files t Phtshp described belw). Select Edit->Find. Specify the surce directry where the images are stred in the Lk in field. Check the Include All Subflders and Include Nn-indexed Files checkbxes further dwn. Under Criteria, in the first drp dwn bx, select Keywrds. Select cntains in the secnd bx, and enter the keywrd fr the web page in the third text bx (Alaska, Birds, Bats, BryceCanyn, Califrnia, Canada, GeneralInterest, GrandCanyn, GrandTetns, Grenada, LightHuses, Minnesta, PacificCast, Panramas, SanFrancisc, Seattle, Yellwstne, Ysemite). Press Find and Bridge will find all the files t put in the web page. Select all the images by pressing Ctrl-A. Select Tls->Phtshp->Web Pht Gallery. This will start Phtshp, start the Web Pht Gallery dialg, and pass the names f the images. Under Styles, select Centered Frame 1 Basic r Hrizntal Neutral. The Surce Images Use field shuld say Selected Images frm Bridge. Select the Destinatin buttn t specify the flder where yu want the web page files t be stred. Select Optins->General. Set Extensin t.html. Select Add Width and Height Attributes fr Images. This makes the web page allcate space fr the image while it is lading rather than resizing the page after it dwnlads the images. Select Optins->Banner. Enter a title fr the web page in Site Name. Fill in the ther fields r leave them blank t leave them ff the web page. Select Optins->Large Images. Uncheck Resize Images t have the images appear as their natural size r specify the size yu want, such as Custm and 600 pixels. Set JPEG Quality t High. Select the checkbxes fr any infrmatin yu want printed with the image. Dn t bther with the file name if it is nt descriptive. Select Optins->Thumbnails. Change Size t Large and leave ther settings as they are. Select Optins->Custm Clrs. Leave settings as they are. Select Optins->Security. This sectin allws yu t cause a message t be printed n the image when it is displayed. Select OK. Cntact Sheet Select File->Autmate->Cntact Sheet II. Make Grid f Images Select View->Rulers. Select View->Snap. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 19

20 Select File->New. Make new image 6"x6", 150ppi, and RGB, 8bit clr. Click in vertical ruler and drag line t 2" and anther at 4". Click in hrizntal ruler and drag line t 2" and anther at 4". Select Rectangular Marquee tl. In the image that will be used t ppulate the grid, hld the shift key and select an area f the image (shift key makes the selectin square). Select the Mve tl. Blending Mdes Drag the selectin and drp n the new canvas that was created abve. This creates a new layer. Hld the shift key and resize the image until if verlays ne f the squares. Select the layer that was just created and duplicate it 8 times. Use Mve tl t mve each cpy t a different square in the grid. Blending mdes are the algrithms used by Phtshp t decide hw t blend the pixels in the current layer with the cumulative effect f the pixels in the layers belw. The blending mdes that are mst useful fr phtgraphers are Nrmal, Multiply, Screen, Overlay, Sft Light, Difference, and Luminsity. Independent Layer Nrmal Nrmal mde causes the pixels (image) in the current layer t cver the crrespnding pixels (image) in the layers belw. That is, the pixels in the tp layer are displayed nrmally, regardless f the values f the pixels underneath. Yu can reduce the pacity t see sme f the tp layer and sme f the layer beneath it. Disslve This mde des nt have any effect if the pacity f the tp layer is 100% with hard edges. When the pacity is reduced, sme pixels are turned n r ff (rather than being mre translucent). Darken Darken This mde uses pixels frm the tp layer if they are darker than the pixels underneath; therwise it uses the pixels underneath. The pixels are cmpared n a clr (channel) by clr basis. White pixels have little effect and dark pixels have maximum effect. Multiply This mde is similar t hlding tw the effect f lking thrugh tw slides held tgether. If the images abve and belw are the same, this mde causes the pixels t be twice as dark. This has a Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 20

21 similar effect as underexpsing the image. White pixels have little effect and dark pixels have maximum effect. This is the ppsite f Screen mde. Clr Burn and Linear Burn These mdes use clr in the tp layer t reduce brightness resulting in a darker image, clr change, and darker edges. Darker Clr This mde uses pixels frm the tp layer if they are darker than the pixels underneath; therwise it uses the pixels underneath. It is similar t Darken, but it perates n all clrs (channels) at nce. Lighten Lighten This mde uses pixels frm the current layer if they are lighter than the pixels underneath; therwise it uses the pixels underneath. The pixels are cmpared n a clr (channel) by clr basis. White pixels have maximum effect and dark pixels have little effect. Screen This is the ppsite f Multiply mde. If the images abve and belw are the same, this mde causes the pixels t be half as dark. White pixels have maximum effect and dark pixels have little effect. This has a similar effect as verexpsing the image. Clr Ddge and Linear Ddge These mdes use clr in the tp layer t increase brightness resulting in a lighter images. Lighter Clr This mde uses pixels frm the tp layer if they are lighter than the pixels underneath; therwise it uses the pixels underneath. It is similar t Lighten, but it perates n all clrs (channels) at nce. Add Cntrast Overlay This mde multiplies r screens the clr depending upn the clr in the lwer layer. This mde darkens dark clrs and lightens light clrs. This mde can be used in ddge and burn techniques. Sft Light This mde multiplies r screens the clr depending upn the clr in the lwer layer, which darkens dark clrs and lightens light clrs, similar t Overlay mde, but it prduces an effect similar t a diffused sptlight. This mde can be used in ddge and burn techniques. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 21

22 Hard Light This mde multiplies r screens the clr depending upn the clr in the lwer layer, which darkens dark clrs and lightens light clrs, similar t Overlay mde, but it prduces an effect similar t a harsh sptlight. Vivid Light This mde increases cntrast. It is similar t cmbining Clr Ddge and Clr Burn. Linear Light This mde increases cntrast. It is similar t cmbining Linear Ddge and Linear Burn. Pin Light This mde keeps the darkest blacks and lightest whites. Everything else is invisible. Hard Mix This mde prduces a psturized image cnsisting f red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, yellw, black, and white. Cmpare Difference and Exclusin These mdes either subtract the clrs f the tp layer frm the lwer layer r vice-versa, depending upn which layer is brighter. Apply Quality Hue This mde creates a blend f clr with the luminance and saturatin f the upper clr and the hue f the lwer clr. Saturatin This mde creates a blend f clr with hue, saturatin, and luminsity frm the upper layer with the hue and luminsity frm the lwer layer. Clr This mde takes the hue and saturatin frm the upper layer and the luminsity frm the lwer layer. This can be useful when replacing clr in part f an image s it maintains the crrect tne. Luminsity This mde takes the luminsity frm the upper layer and the hue and saturatin frm the lwer layer. This can be useful fr a Curves adjustment layer r an Unsharp Mask t prevent clr changes. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 22

23 Keybard Shrtcuts PC and Mac Cmmand Keys Keys Cntrl Key Apple Key 1 Alt Key Optin Key Shift Key Shift Key Right-click Cntrl-click The letter keys are used t select a grup f tls. The letter key alne will select the mst recently used tl listed fr that key. Using the Shift key with the letter key will cycle thrugh the tls assciated with that key. A, Shift-A Path selectin and direct selectin tls B, Shift-B Brush, pencil, and clr replacement tls C, Shift-C Crp tl D, Shift-D Set default clrs fr fregrund and backgrund (black and white) E, Shift-E Eraser, backgrund eraser, and magic eraser tls F, Shift-F Cycle thrugh full screen mdes: standard, maximized, full screen with menu, and full screen withut menu G, Shift-G Gradient and paint bucket tls H, Shift-H Hand tl I, Shift-I Eye drpper, clr sampler, ruler, and cunt tls J, Shift-J Spt healing brush, healing brush, patch, and red eye tls K, Shift-K Slice and slice select tls L, Shift-L Lass, plygnal lass, and magnetic lass tls M, Shift-M Rectangular marquee and elliptical marquee tls N, Shift-N Ntes and audi anntatin tl O, Shift-O Ddge, burn, and spnge tls P, Shift-P Pen and freefrm pen tls Q, Shift-Q Tggle quick mask mde R, Shift-R Blur, sharpen, and smudge tls S, Shift-S Clne stamp and pattern stamp tls T, Shift-T Text, vertical text, hrizntal text mask, and vertical text mask tls U, Shift-U Rectangle, runded rectangle, ellipse, line, plygn, and custm shape tls V, Shift-V Mve tl W, Shift-W Quick selectin and magic wand tls X, Shift-X Swap fregrund and backgrund clrs Y, Shift-Y Histry brush and art histry brush tls Z, Shift-Z Zm tl F1 Help F2 Cut F3 Cpy F4 Paste F5 Shw brushes panel F6 Shw clr panel F7 Shw layers panel F8 Shw inf panel F9 Shw Actins windw F12 Revert Tab Hide/shw panels and menus Space Temprarily activate hand tl Enter Highlight first field in ptins bar 1 The Apple key is als called the Cmmand key. Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 23

24 Right-click Cntext sensitive menu. [ Decrease brush size ] Increase brush size { Decrease brush hardness } Increase brush hardness Previus brush. Next brush < First brush > Last brush / Tggle preserve transparency \ Tggle shwing layer mask f active layer ver image (same as Shift-Alt-click) Ctrl-A Ctrl-D Ctrl-E Ctrl-F Ctrl-G Ctrl-H Ctrl-I Ctrl-J Ctrl-K Ctrl-N Ctrl-O Ctrl-P Ctrl-Q Ctrl-R Ctrl-S Ctrl-T Ctrl-V Ctrl-W Ctrl-X Ctrl-Y Ctrl-Z Ctrl-0 Ctrl-1 Ctrl-2 Ctrl-3 Ctrl-~ Ctrl-+ Ctrl-- Ctrl-Space Ctrl-Tab Ctrl-Backspace Ctrl-Delete Ctrl-] Ctrl-[ Ctrl- Ctrl-; Ctrl-Shift-C Ctrl-Shift-D Ctrl-Shift-E Ctrl-Shift-F Ctrl-Shift-G Ctrl-Shift-H Ctrl-Shift-I Ctrl-Shift-J Ctrl-Shift-K Ctrl-Shift-M Ctrl-Shift-N Ctrl-Shift-O Ctrl-Shift-P Select all Deselect Merge selected layers Reapply last filter Grup layers Tggle shwing edge f selectin (marching ants) Invert current mask Create new layer by cpying the current layer Preferences (general) New image Open Print Exit Shw/hide rulers Save Free transfrm Paste Clse Cut Prf clrs Und/red (tggle) Zm t fill screen (see als Ctrl-Alt-0) Lad red channel (in RGB clr mde) Lad green channel (in RGB clr mde) Lad blue channel (in RGB clr mde) Lad RGB channel (in RGB clr mde) Zm in Zm ut Temprarily activate zm tl t zm in Cycle thrugh pen dcuments Fill layer mask with backgrund clr Fill layer mask with backgrund clr Bring layer frward Send layer dwn Shw/hide grid Shw/hide guides Cpy merged Reselect Merge visible layers (flatten) Fade Ungrup layers Shw target path Invert current selectin Create new layer via cut Clr settings Recrd measurements Create new layer Brwse (e.g., pen Bridge) Page set up Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 24

25 Ctrl-Shift-S Ctrl-Shift-T Ctrl-Shift-V Ctrl-Shift-W Ctrl-Shift-X Ctrl-Shift-Y Ctrl-Shift-Z Ctrl-Shift-] Ctrl-Shift-[ Ctrl-Shift-; Ctrl-Shift-Tab Ctrl-Alt-A Ctrl-Alt-C Ctrl-Alt-D Ctrl-Alt-G Ctrl-Alt-I Ctrl-Alt-O Ctrl-Alt-R Ctrl-Alt-S Ctrl-Alt-V Ctrl-Alt-W Ctrl-Alt-X Ctrl-Alt-Z Ctrl-Alt-0 Ctrl-Alt-Space Ctrl-Alt-; Ctrl-Shift-Alt-E Ctrl-Shift-Alt-I Ctrl-Shift-Alt-K Ctrl-Shift-Alt-M Ctrl-Shift-Alt-O Ctrl-Shift-Alt-P Ctrl-Shift-Alt-S Ctrl-Shift-Alt-X Shift-F5 Shift-F6 Shift-F7 Shift-Tab Alt-F9 Alt-Space Layers Ctrl-E Ctrl-J Ctrl-Shift-E Ctrl-Shift-Alt-E Layer Panel Alt-click mask Shift-click mask Shift-Alt-click mask Right-click mask Selectins Shift-selectin Save as Transfrm again Paste int Clse and g t Bridge Liquefy Gamut warning Red ne step (multi-step) Bring layer t frnt Send layer t back Tggle snap Cycle backwards thrugh pen dcuments Select all layers Canvas size Feather selectin Create/release clipping mask Image size Brwse (e.g., pen Bridge) Refine edge f selectin Save as Vanishing pint Clse all Extract Und ne step (multi-step) Zm t 100% (each pixel in image is ne pixel in display) Temprarily activate zm tl t zm ut Lck guides Create new pixel layer by merging layers belw current layer File infrmatin Keybard shrtcuts Menus Open as Print ne cpy Save fr web and devices Pattern maker Fill Feather selectin Select inverse Hide/shw panels Shw Actins windw Temprarily activate zm tl t zm ut (same as Ctrl-Alt-Space) Merge selected layers Create new layer by cpying the current layer Merge visible layers Create new pixel layer by merging layers belw current layer Tggle displaying mask in the main windw Tggle disabling the layer mask Tggle shwing mask in verlay mde Display cntext menu Add t selectin Cpyright by Bruce Blinn 25