Chapter 2 Interrogation and Forensic Reporting Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting

2 Intrductin Objectives 1. Identify imprtant events in the histry f law enfrcement. 2. Explain J. Edgar Hver s cntributins t the frmatin f the FBI. 3. Evaluate the imprtance f a cde f ethics t prfessinal rganizatins. 4. Cmpare and cntrast an interview and an interrgatin. 2 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

3 Intrductin Objectives 5. Describe the cgnitive apprach fr interviewing. 6. Discuss special cnsideratins fr interviewing children. 7. Differentiate between the fi ve cmmn mdels f interrgatin. 8. Explain the imprtance f bjectivity in reprt writing. 3 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

4 Intrductin Vcabulary ethics - a set f rules that define apprpriate behavir in a situatin interrgatin - fficial questining f a suspect r witness by law enfrcement interview - a questin and answer sessin that des nt accuse but is instead intended t gather infrmatin cncerning a case and/r a suspect 4 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

5 Intrductin Vcabulary interviewer - a trained individual wh questins witnesses r suspects and is able t interpret cues in verbal and physical behavir bjectivity - judgment that is nt influenced by persnal feelings r bias, fcused n fact suspect - an individual under investigatin fr his r her alleged invlvement in a crime 5 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

6 The Last Drive Octber 24, 1994 Susan Smith claims she was carjacked with her children still inside the car Parts f her testimny dn t make sense Lcal sheriff wrks with FBI t develp questins and strategies t get Smith t cnfess Smith was cnvicted f tw cunts f murder and sentenced t life in prisn 6 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2 Frensic 2012 Cengage Science Learning. II: Title, Chapter All Rights # Reserved

7 Histrical Develpment (Obj 2.1, 2.2) England 1115 The Laws f Henry I utlined the legal custms during that reign 1748 the first magistrate appinted t prsecute criminals 1829 Peel intrduced the Metrplitan Plice Act, creating the first mdern plice frce 7 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

8 Histrical Develpment (Obj 2.1, 2.2) The United States 1790 NY City has a fully peratinal daytime paid plice frce U.S. Department f Justice Attrney General psitin created by the U.S. cnstitutin 1908 the DOJ rganizes a grup f 34 special agents and called the Bureau f Investigatin 8 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

9 Histrical Develpment (Obj 2.1, 2.2) The United States (cnt.) Edgar J. Hver Established new prfessinal standards fr emplyment and prmtin in the Bureau 1924 created central strage fr fingerprints 1932 created a crime lab 1935 name changed t the FBI 9 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

10 Ethics (Obj 2.3) Ethics is a set f guidelines written and unwritten that explain apprpriate cnduct fr a particular situatin r prfessin. A written cde f ethics describes a prcess fr enfrcing apprpriate cnduct by a prfessin s members and usually establishes a system fr the investigatin and reslutin f alleged unethical cnduct. 10 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

11 Ethics (Obj 2.3) The American Academy f Frensic Sciences (AAFS) 11 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

12 Bias (Obj 2.3) Criminal investigatins must try t avid bias Minimize precnceived ntins abut any aspect f the case - such as victim r suspect Bias can affect the evaluatin 12 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

13 Miranda Warning 1. Yu have the right t remain silent 2. Anything yu say can and will be used against yu in a curt f law. 3. Yu have the right t talk t a lawyer and have him present with yu while yu are being questined. 4. If yu cannt affrd t hire a lawyer, ne will be appinted t represent yu befre any questining if yu wish. 5. Yu can decide at any time t exercise these rights and nt answer any questins r make any statement WAIVER: D yu understand each f these rights I have explained t yu? Having these rights in mind, d yu wish t talk t us nw? 13 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

14 Interviewing Techniques (Obj 2.4, 2.5, 2.6) 14 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

15 Interviewing Techniques (Obj 2.4, 2.5, 2.6) Interviewing Children Make the child feel as safe and cmfrtable as pssible Techniques vary depending upn age and the nature f the crime Questins are prepared in advance The setting is in a private lcatin The interview is usually videtaped 15 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

16 Interviewing Techniques (Obj 2.4, 2.5, 2.6) Children in the Curtrm Children are naturally very truthful Make sure the child understand the respnsibilities f being a witness The judge must cnsider the emtinal impact n the child Shuld the child face the alleged perpetratr? 16 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

17 Interrgatin Preparing Review all dcumentatin Witness statement Plice reprts Physical evidence cllected Labratry reprts Fllw established guidelines 17 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

18 Interrgatin Physical Setting Privacy Sundprf rm Minimal furniture Speaker system Mirrr/Glass fr bservatin 18 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

19 Interrgatin Organizing Interviewer Establishes cntrl Explains the suspect s 5th & 6th amendment rights Shws evidence t supprt the case Bdy language is very deliberate 19 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

20 Interrgatin Mdels 20 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

21 Signs f Deceptin A cmbinatin f behavirs Eye and muth mvements Nt lking directly int the interviewer s eyes Arms crssed Cver the muth Shifting psitin abruptly 21 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

22 Reprting Infrmatin Be accurate Be truthful Be bjective Be cmprehensive 22 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

23 Chapter Summary As cities grew, the fcus f plicing shifted frm peace-keeping t crime preventin. The U.S. Department f Justice initially relied n utside rganizatins t perfrm investigatins. J. Edgar Hver,directr f the Bureau f Investigatin, set standards fr emplyment and prmtin, cnslidated the fingerprint databases, and created a crime lab t help federal, state, and lcal agencies prcess and analyze evidence. 23 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

24 Chapter Summary A cde f ethics is a set f guidelines fr apprpriate behavir as well as a system t enfrce prfessinal cnduct. During an interview, an investigatr asks questins designed t gather infrmatin. During an interrgatin, the investigatr expects t gather incriminating statements r a cnfessin. The mst cmmn interview technique is the cgnitive apprach, which enhances recllectin f infrmatin. 24 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2

25 Chapter Summary Special cnsideratins are always given when interviewing children, but the ultimate gal is t btain the truth. The five cmmn mdels f interrgatin are suspect decisin-making, cgnitive-behaviral, psychanalytical, emtinal, and interactin prcess. Accurate, truthful, and bjective reprting is essential t maintaining prfessinalism standards. Objectivity is a fcus n facts withut influence frm pinin r bias. 25 Frensic Science II: Interrgatin and Frensic Reprting, Chapter 2