1. Impact of Pregnancy Weight on Maternal and Child Health: A Workshop

Transcription

1 1. Impact f Pregnancy Weight n Maternal and Child Health: A Wrkshp An ad hc cmmittee will rganize and cnvene a wrkshp and will prepare a wrkshp reprt (withut recmmendatins) t describe what is knwn abut recent trends in maternal weight gain (prir t, during, and after pregnancy) and the impact f maternal weight during pregnancy n the health f mthers and their children (up t 12 mnths). The wrkshp and reprt will infrm the effrts f Title V Maternal and Child Health Prgrams t fster adherence t guidelines fr recmmended weight gains during pregnancy. The wrkshp will address the fllwing questins: 1. What research and databases describe the distributin f maternal weight (prir t, during, and after pregnancy) amng different ppulatins f wmen in the United States? 2. What research and databases infrm ur understanding f the effects f different weight patterns (including underweight and verweight) during pregnancy n maternal and child health utcmes (up t 12 mnths)? 3. What research has been cnducted t describe the individual, cmmunity, and health care system factrs that impede r fster cmpliance with recmmended gestatinal weight guidelines (prir t, during, and after pregnancy)? 4. What pprtunities exist fr Title V Maternal and Child Health Prgrams t build n this knwledge t help childbearing wmen achieve and maintain recmmended weight (prir t, during, and after pregnancy)? 5. What future research and data cllectin effrts culd imprve the effrts f Title V prgrams t supprt wmen frm different racial and ethnic backgrunds in their effrts t cmply with recmmended weight guidelines and t imprve their maternal health? A Wrkshp Reprt will be issued at the end f the prject in apprximately 12 mnths. 2. Glbal Change and Extreme Hydrlgy A tw day public wrkshp n Glbal Change and Extreme Hydrlgy: Testing Cnventinal Wisdm will be planned and cnducted by an ad hc planning cmmittee under the auspices f the standing Cmmittee n Hydrlgic Sciences (COHS). The wrkshp will fster discussins amng members f the science and applicatins cmmunities abut the hydrlgic and climatlgic perspective n extreme hydrlgic events. The wrkshp will be held in Washingtn, D.C. and is expected t feature presentatins by experts fllwed by pen discussins n the fllwing tpics: Is the glbal hydrlgic cycle accelerating and what des this acceleratin lk like? Is precipitatin becming mre intense? Is drught frequency and severity becming mre prminent? Are hydrlgic fluxes assciated with flds and drughts changing at the reginal scale? Flds and drught frm a climatlgic and hydrlgic perspective Hw d we recncile the tw? Hw des the science cmpare t the public debate? The cmmittee will authr a reprt f the wrkshp with findings and cnclusins. 1

2 3. Trends and Opprtunities in Federal Earth Science Educatin and Wrkfrce Training A study by the Natinal Research Cuncil rganized arund a wrkshp will: 1. Examine and assess nging and previus prgrammatic effrts ver the past 30 years and ther activities in Earth science related educatin and wrkfrce training at Federal research and develpment agencies. As part f this examinatin, the legislative authrity granted t the varius federal agencies fr STEM educatin and training will be described. 2. Discuss criteria fr successful Earth science related educatin and wrkfrce training effrts and identify successful Federal prgrams and activities based n these criteria. 3. Identify the effective appraches used in these successful prgrams r activities. Appraches culd include, fr example, areas within rganizatin and management, persnnel, resurces applied, pedaggic techniques, theme areas, internships, recruitment int careers, and partnerships with academia and industry. 4. Identify the critical skill sets and the gaps in Earth science educatin and wrkfrce training that culd have mst significant impact t enhance the recruitment and retentin f diverse and skilled scientists in this field. 5. Identify pprtunities fr Federal research and develpment agencies t leverage nging educatin and wrkfrce training effrts t increase the recruitment f a diverse Earth science student ppulatin and wrkfrce and identify gaps which may hinder agencies abilities t leverage these effrts. 6. Identify ways that the Federal Gvernment can strengthen its Earth science educatin and training activities. 4. Increasing Natinal Resilience t Hazards and Disasters An ad hc cmmittee verseen thrugh cllabrative versight f the Disasters Rundtable (DR) and the Cmmittee n Science, Engineering, and Public Plicy (COSEPUP) will cnduct a study and issue a cnsensus reprt that integrates infrmatin frm the natural, physical, technical, ecnmic and scial sciences t identify ways in which t increase natinal resilience t hazards and disasters in the United States. In this cntext, natinal resilience includes resilience at federal, state and lcal cmmunity levels. The ad hc cmmittee will: Define natinal resilience and frame the primary issues related t increasing natinal resilience t hazards and disasters in the United States; Prvide gals, baseline cnditins, r perfrmance metrics fr resilience at the U.S. natinal level; Describe the state f knwledge abut resilience t hazards and disasters in the United States; Outline additinal infrmatin r data and gaps and bstacles t actin that need t be addressed in rder t increase resilience t hazards and disasters in the United States; Present cnclusins and recmmendatins abut what appraches are needed t elevate natinal resilience t hazards and disasters in the United States. 2

3 5. Assessing Requirements fr Sustained Ocean Clr Research and Operatins Cntinuity f satellite cean clr data is presently at significant risk fr the U.S. cean clr cmmunity. Tempral, radimetric, spectral, and gemetric perfrmance f future bserving systems must be cnsidered in the cntext f the full range f research and peratinal/applicatin user needs. This study aims t identify the cean clr data needs fr a brad range f end users, develp a cnsensus fr the requirements, and utline ptins t meet these needs n a sustained basis. An ad hc cmmittee will assess lessns learned in glbal cean clr remte sensing frm the SeaWiFS/MODIS era t guide planning fr acquisitin f future cean clr radiance data t supprt U.S. research and peratinal needs. In particular, the cmmittee will assess the sensr and system requirements necessary t prduce high quality cean clr climate data recrds that are cnsistent with thse frm SeaWiFS/MODIS. The cmmittee will als review the peratinal and research bjectives, such as described in the Ocean Research Pririties Plan and Implementatin Strategy, fr the next generatin f cean clr satellite sensrs and prvide guidance n hw t ensure bth peratinal and research gals f the ceangraphic cmmunity are met. In particular the study will address the fllwing: Identify research and peratinal needs and the assciated sensr and system high level requirements fr a sustained, systematic capability t bserve cean clr radiance (OCR) frm space; Review the capability f current and planned natinal and internatinal sensrs in meeting these requirements; Identify and assess the gaps and ptins fr filling gaps between the current/planned sensr capabilities and the requirements fr future ceangraphic research and peratinal needs acrss a spectrum f scales frm basin scale synptic t lcal prcess study, such as expected system launch dates, lifetimes, and data accessibility; Identify and describe requirements fr a sustained, rigrus calibratin and data validatin prgram, which incrprates a mix f measurement platfrms (e.g., satellites, aircraft, and in situ platfrms such as ships and buys) using a layered apprach thrugh an assessment f needs fr multiple data user cmmunities. Identify requirements fr a sustained, lng term prgram within the United States fr the maintenance and imprvement f assciated cean clr data recrds, which ensures cntinuity and verlap between sensrs, including plans fr sustained rigrus inter calibratin and data validatin; algrithm develpment and evaluatin; data prcessing, re prcessing, distributin and archiving; as well as recmmended funding levels fr research and peratinal use f the data. The review will als evaluate the research requirements in the cntext f relevant missins utlined in previus NRC reprts, such as the NRC Decadal Survey f Earth Science and Applicatins frm Space. The cmmittee will build n the Advance Plan develped by NASA s Ocean Bilgy and Bigechemistry prgram and cmment n future cean clr remte sensing supprt f ceangraphic research gals that have evlved since the publicatin f that reprt. Als included in the review will be an evaluatin f nging wrk related t cean clr measurements frm gestatinary platfrms. The prject is spnsred by the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin, the Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin, the Natinal Science Fundatin, and the Office f Naval 3

4 Research. A reprt will be issued twards the end f the prject. 6. Measuring Salinity frm Space NASA has successfully built and launched satellites that measure sea surface temperatures, altimetry, and vectr winds. The first tw missins have been transitined int peratins. The newest missin will measure salinity frm space. A cmmunity based, lng term visin wuld assist NASA in identifying and priritizing future research challenges in physical ceangraphy fr which satellite r aerial measurements will be a critical surce f data. An ad hc cmmittee will identify current and future challenges in physical ceangraphy that culd be addressed with the next generatin NASA satellite r airbrne sensrs. The cmmittee will review the current activities f the NASA Physical Oceangraphy prgram in the cntext f technlgy develpment, data analysis, and the advancement f interdisciplinary science prgrams. This study will prvide advice n areas f emphasis fr the future prgram and will assess the ability f NASA physical ceangraphy t help slve critical research questins. T fulfill this charge, the cmmittee will examine: 1) Current and future research challenges (e.g., mixed layer measurements, air sea flux, castal ceangraphy etc.) that might benefit frm remtely sensed ceangraphic data; 2) Opprtunities t use NASA ceangraphic data in a brader range f cean research and in natinal and internatinal scientific prgrams; 3) Applicatins that need real time data and the prcesses fr its prvisin; 4) The minimum missin requirements fr data accuracy, precisin, cverage, repeat rate and duratin t address key mtivating ceangraphic questins; 5) Lessns learned frm past research accmplishments assciated with measurements f sea surface temperature, sea level, and vectr winds; 6) Optins t enhance cperatin between NASA physical ceangraphy and gvernment and academic scientists, within the U.S. and internatinally t develp an integrated cean bserving system; 7) Specific challenges in remte sensing research and engineering t meet such research needs and advance ceangraphy; 8) Glbal mdeling and data assimilatin challenges needed t advance physical ceangraphy; 9) In situ bservatins needed fr calibratins, validatin, algrithm develpment, fr enhancing scientific applicatins etc.; and 10) Ways t ensure that NASA ceangraphic infrmatin, research, and mdeling are fully utilized in bth natinal and internatinal scientific prgrams acrss varius disciplines. 4

5 7. The Integratin f Immigrants int American Sciety The aim f the prject is t facilitate a mre infrmed and fact based discussin f the issues surrunding current immigratin in the U.S. The Natinal Research Cuncil wuld appint an ad hc cmmittee that wuld be charged with (1) summarizing what we knw abut hw immigrants are integrating int American sciety; (2) discussing what the implicatins f this knwledge are fr infrming varius plicy ptins; and, (3) identifying any imprtant gaps in ur existing knwledge and data availability. Mre specifically, the cmmittee wuld be asked t address the fllwing set f questins: What has been the demgraphic impact f immigratin, in terms f the size and age, sex, and racial/ethnic cmpsitin f the US ppulatin frm 1970 t 2010? What are the likely changes frm 2010 t 2050? What are the demgraphic and ecnmic implicatins fr scial security, health care, and the fiscal system? What have been the effect f recent immigratin n the educatinal, emplyment, and earnings f the native brn ppulatin? Hw has the scial and spatial mbility f immigrants changed ver the last 40 years? Hw has the residential integratin (r segregatin) f immigrants changed ver the last 40 years? Hw has immigratin affected the residential segregatin between native brn race and ethnic cmmunities? Hw rapidly are recent immigrants and their children integrating int American sciety, as measured by cmpetency in English language, educatinal attainment, rate f naturalizatin, degree f intermarriage, maintenance f ethnic identity, and ther dimensins? What has been the effect f immigratin n American institutins, including ecnmic and plitical rganizatins? Hw has immigratin affected the stck and grwth f scientific and technlgical skills in universities, research rganizatins, and private businesses? Is it pssible t measure the impact f immigratin n the pace f technlgical change and innvatin? What are the general attitudes and public perceptins f native brn Americans twards (a) legal and illegal immigratin and (b) hw immigrants shape American sciety? Hw d these perceptins cmpare with the statistical recrd? What additinal data are needed fr research n the rle and impact f immigratin n American sciety? 5

6 8. Understanding the Glbal Public Health Implicatins f Substandard, Falsified, and Cunterfeit Medical Prducts An ad hc cmmittee will gather infrmatin and deliberate n the imprved appraches t mitigating the glbal prblem f substandard, falsified, and cunterfeit pharmaceuticals and prducts used in their manufacture. It will begin by develping amng the cmmittee members and fr this cntext cnsensus wrking definitins fr the terms substandard, falsified, and cunterfeit. The cmmittee will carefully distinguish between the applicatin f these terms t meet public health and legal needs. Then fcusing specifically n the public health aspects f the prblem, the IOM cmmittee will address the fllwing issues in cnducting the study and preparing its reprt: TRENDS: Using available literature, identify glbal cunterfeit trends, including differences and similarities in different glbal regins. RISK FACTORS: Identify methdlgies t estimate falsified/substandard/ cunterfeit medicines as a risk factr fr harm t patients and mnitr the glbal health impact. STANDARDS: Identify areas where harmnizatin f standards culd cntribute t strnger regulatry actins. IDENTIFICATION: Describe glbal regulatry prcesses and capacity that distinguish genuine and high quality drugs frm fake r substandard drugs, and identify what factrs culd be used fr additinal scrutiny f the genuineness f the prduct. TECHNOLOGY: Identify key gaps in evidence, detectin and sampling methdlgies and analytical techniques and areas where harmnized appraches culd cntribute t mre evidence based appraches in addressing the issues arund these types f medical prducts. COLLABORATION: Assess effectiveness f regulatry appraches arund the glbe including preventin, detectin (track and trace), and cmpliance and enfrcement actins, and where pssible, their cntributins t reducing the public health impact f substandard, falsified, and cunterfeit drugs. Based n such an assessment, identify pssible key areas where cllective actin amng gvernment regulatry authrities is mst relevant and sustainable; Identify areas where synergies amng gvernment, industry and ther stakehlders are ptentially viable fr appraches t strengthen the safety and integrity f supply chains r therwise fight cunterfeiting; Identify areas where industry r ther stakehlders are best equipped t address the prblem utside f gvernment interventin, and Recmmend a cllabrative path frward. This includes recmmending an apprach t define the prducts f cncern in a way that is sensitive t the cncerns f internatinal regulatrs. It als includes recmmending hw varius regulatrs culd cllabrate n a glbal and reginal level t best address the prblem. 6