NASA Agency Perspective

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Vanessa Melton
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Cmmittee n Earth Observatin Satellites NASA

1 Cmmittee n Earth Observatin Satellites NASA Agency Perspective David Crisp, NASA/JPL CEOS Chair Pririty Wrkshp n GHG Mnitring Eurpean Cmmissin Jint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy June 2018 Cpyright 2018 Califrnia Institute f Technlgy. Gvernment spnsrship acknwledged.

2 Earth Science Missins FY17 and Decadal Prgram f Recrd Landsat 9 PACE ISS Instruments LIS, SAGE III TSIS-1, OCO-3, ECOSTRESS, GEDI CLARREO-PF JPSS-2 Instruments OMPS-Limb Frmulatin Implementatin Primary Ops Extended Ops Sumi NPP (NOAA) (>2022) ICESat-2 SMAP (>2022) TEMPO GRACE-FO (2) CYGNSS (8) (2019) Terra (>2021) Landsat 7 (USGS) (~2022) SWOT NI-SAR NISTAR, EPIC (DSCOVR / NOAA) (2019) QuikSCAT (2017) Sentinel-6A/B SORCE, TCTE (NOAA) (2017) MAIA GeCARB TROPICS (6) Landsat 8 (USGS) (>2022) GPM (>2022) OCO-2 (>2022) Aqua (>2022) CludSat (~2018) CALIPSO (>2022) Aura (>2022) OSTM/Jasn-2 (NOAA) (>2022)

3 NASA Observing System Innvatins CEOS Chair Pririty Wrkshp June

4 2017 Decadal Recmmendatins fr Flight Endrsed cmpletin f Prgram f Recrd Encuraged prtfli integratin rather than missin-specific slutins Identified 5 Designated bservables fr mandatry acquisitin (Aersls; Cluds, Cnvectin, & Precipitatin; Mass Change; Surface Bilgy & Gelgy; Surface Defrmatin & Change) all cst-cnstrained, nt necessarily single-fcus, all will likely have cmpeted prtins Intrduced a new cmpeted Explrer flight line with $350M cst cnstraint, 3 bservables t be chsen by ESD frm amng 6 identified Recmmended Cntinuity Measurement demnstratin strand ($150M full missin cst cnstraint) fr existing Venture-class prgram first will be radiatin budget t mitigate RBI cancellatin, ~3 initiated within the decade Encuraged internatinal partnerships Called fr Incubatr Prgram between Technlgy and Flight t mature specific technlgies fr imprtant but presently immature measurements (preparatin fr next Decadal) NASA is explring a full range f cmmercial/private sectr partnerships data buys, hsting,. CEOS Chair Pririty Wrkshp June

5 NASA Greenhuse Gas Prgram f Recrd 5

NASA Orbiting Carbn Observatry-2 (OCO-2) OCO-2 was launched in July

Abut 85000 f these are sufficiently clud free t yield estimates f X

5 ppm and reginal scale biases < 1 ppm These data describe the CO 2

been used t study emissin frm cmpact surces (cities, pwer plants) the

6 NASA Orbiting Carbn Observatry-2 (OCO-2) OCO-2 was launched in July 2014 Since then, it has been cllecting abut ne millin sundings / day Abut f these are sufficiently clud free t yield estimates f X CO2 with single sunding randm errrs near 0.5 ppm and reginal scale biases < 1 ppm These data describe the CO 2 distributin with unprecedented reslutin, and cverage These data have been used t study emissin frm cmpact surces (cities, pwer plants) the trpical carbn cycle respnse t the El Niñ 50km CEOS Chair Pririty Wrkshp June

The NASA Orbiting Carbn Observatry-3 (OCO-3) In 2019, OCO-2 will be jined by OCO-3, which will be deplyed n the Japanese

surces and sinks acquisitin f 100 km x 100 km snapshts f large urban areas and ther targets OCO-3 has cmpleted its

7 The NASA Orbiting Carbn Observatry-3 (OCO-3) In 2019, OCO-2 will be jined by OCO-3, which will be deplyed n the Japanese Equipment Mdule Expsed Facility n the Internatinal Space Statin, ISS OCO-3 integrates the OCO-2 flight spare spectrmeters with an agile pinting mechanism. That pinting mechanism, cmbined with the lw inclinatin rbit f the ISS will facilitate new types f investigatins f CO 2 surces and sinks acquisitin f 100 km x 100 km snapshts f large urban areas and ther targets OCO-3 has cmpleted its pre-launch testing Once installed n the ISS, OCO-3 measurements will prvide cntinuity fr OCO-2 CO 2 and SIF data and prvide new pprtunities fr studying the atmspheric carbn cycle CEOS Chair Pririty Wrkshp June 2018

The NASA GeCarb Missin* In December 2016, NASA selected the Gestatinary Carbn Cycle Observatry (GeCarb) as the secnd cmplete missin in the NASA Earth Ventures series.

GeCarb will fly n a cmmercial cmmunicatins satellite and carries an imaging grating spectrmeter O 2 (765 nm) CO 2, (1610 and 2060 nm), methane (CH 4 ) and carbn mnxide (CO; 2300 nm) It will launch is

8 The NASA GeCarb Missin* In December 2016, NASA selected the Gestatinary Carbn Cycle Observatry (GeCarb) as the secnd cmplete missin in the NASA Earth Ventures series. GeCarb will be the first missin t acquire spatially reslved bservatins f greenhuse gases and slar induced chlrphyll flurescence (SIF) at high spatial reslutin (5 t 10 km) frm gestatinary rbit (GEO). GeCarb will fly n a cmmercial cmmunicatins satellite and carries an imaging grating spectrmeter O 2 (765 nm) CO 2, (1610 and 2060 nm), methane (CH 4 ) and carbn mnxide (CO; 2300 nm) It will launch is 2022 and be statined between 75 and 100 West lngitude in It will map these prperties ver Nrth Suth America tw r mre times each day. Pre-Decisinal Infrmatin -- Fr Planning and Discussin Purpses Only CEOS Chair Pririty Wrkshp June 2018

9 NASA s Earth Science Missin Operatins & Data analysis and Research & Analysis Prgrams are als making critical cntributins t GHG science Imprved remte sensing retrieval algrithms fr X CO2 and X CH4 Mre accurate descriptins f gas absrptin and aersl scattering Optimized t mre fully explit the infrmatin cntent f slar GHG spectra Supprt fr vicarius calibratin and validatin Vicarius calibratin campaigns and slar and lunar standards NASA s grund based TCCON validatin sites Carbn Cycle Observing System Simulatin Experiment (OSSE) initiative Cntributins frm NASA Earth Science Data Analysis Prgrams Advanced mdeling and data assimilatin used in crdinated OSSEs t: Assess/imprve spatial reslutin and accuracy f hrizntal & vertical transprt Imprve methds fr assimilatin f grund-based, aircraft, and space based data Develp methds t validate fluxes n lcal, natinal, and reginal scales Assess perfrmance requirements and bserving strategies f GHG satellites Imprve understanding f CO 2 interannual variability thrugh assimilatin f bimass and atmspheric carbn (OCO-2, MOPITT) leveraging CMS-Flux CEOS Chair Pririty Wrkshp June

U.S. GROUP ON EARTH OBSERVATIONS ASSESSMENT

U.S. GROUP ON EARTH OBSERVATIONS ASSESSMENT Image Credit: ISERV/NASA Timthy Newman Vice-Chair, USGEO U.S. Gelgical Survey Cmmittee n Earth Science & Applicatins frm Space December 2, 2015 USGEO ASSESSMENT