Agilent FieldFox RF Vector Network Analyzer

Transcription

1 Agilent FieldFx RF Vectr Netwrk Analyzer N9923A User s Guide Manufacturing Part Number: N Print Date: September 13, 2011 Supersedes: Nvember 1, 2010 Agilent Technlgies, Inc. 2011

2 Warranty Statement The material cntained in this dcument is prvided "as is," and is subject t being changed, withut ntice, in future editins. Further, t the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Agilent disclaims all warranties, either express r implied with regard t this manual and any infrmatin cntained herein, including but nt limited t the implied warranties f merchantability and fitness fr a particular purpse. Agilent shall nt be liable fr errrs r fr incidental r cnsequential damages in cnnectin with the furnishing, use, r perfrmance f this dcument r any infrmatin cntained herein. Shuld Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms cvering the material in this dcument that cnflict with these terms, the warranty terms in the separate agreement will cntrl. DFARS/Restricted Rights Ntice If sftware is fr use in the perfrmance f a U.S. Gvernment prime cntract r subcntract, Sftware is delivered and licensed as Cmmercial cmputer sftware as defined in DFAR (June 1995), r as a cmmercial item as defined in FAR 2.101(a) r as Restricted cmputer sftware as defined in FAR (June 1987) r any equivalent agency regulatin r cntract clause. Use, duplicatin r disclsure f Sftware is subject t Agilent Technlgies standard cmmercial license terms, and nn-dod Departments and Agencies f the U.S. Gvernment will receive n greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR (c)(1 2) (June 1987). U.S. Gvernment users will receive n greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR (June 1987) r DFAR (b) (2) (Nvember 1995), as applicable in any technical data. Technlgy Licenses The hardware and/r sftware described in this dcument are furnished under a license and may be used r cpied nly in accrdance with the terms f such license. Cntacting Agilent Assistance with test and measurements needs and infrmatin n finding a lcal Agilent ffice are available n the Web at: If yu d nt have access t the Internet, please cntact yur Agilent field engineer. In any crrespndence r telephne cnversatin, refer t the Agilent prduct by its mdel number and full serial number. With this infrmatin, the Agilent representative can determine whether yur prduct is still within its warranty perid. Safety and Regulatry Infrmatin The safety and regulatry infrmatin pertaining t this prduct is lcated n page 107. Where t Find the Latest Infrmatin Dcumentatin is updated peridically. Fr the latest infrmatin please visit: Sftware Updates Is yur prduct sftware up-t-date? Peridically, Agilent releases sftware updates t fix knwn defects and incrprate prduct enhancements. T search fr sftware updates fr yur prduct, g t the Agilent Technical Supprt website at r 2 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

3 What s New in A Release... 6 Overview... 7 Optins and Features... 7 Accessries... 8 FieldFx Manuals, Sftware, and Supplemental Help... 8 Preparing fr Initial Use f Yur New FieldFx Check the Shipment Meeting Pwer Requirements fr the AC/DC Adapter Install the Lithium-In Battery FieldFx ON/OFF Settings FieldFx High-Temperature Prtectin Avid Overpwering the FieldFx Take the FieldFx Tur Frnt Panel Tp Panel Side Panel Screen Tur Hw t Enter Numeric Values NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mde - Optin CAT Mde Settings Return Lss Measurements Prt Cable Lss Measurements Prt Insertin Lss Measurements DTF (Distance t Fault) Measurements DTF Measurement Settings Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes Verifying Calibratin and Jumper Cable Integrity Calibratin Methd Summary FieldFx User s Guide 3

4 Pwer Meter Mde Pwer Meter Settings VVM (Vectr Vltmeter) Mde Overview VVM Mde Settings Prt Cable Trimming Measurements Prt Transmissin Measurements Data Analysis Features All abut Markers All abut Limit Lines All abut Trace Math File Management Saving and Recalling Files Printing System Settings Run/Hld Preset Vlume Cntrl Display Settings Preferences System Cnfiguratin Service Diagnstics Wrking with the Lithium-In Battery Viewing Battery Charge Status Charging the Battery Recnditining the Battery Battery Care Maximizing Battery Life Lithium In Battery Dispsal N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

5 Hardkey/Sftkey Menus Safety Cnsideratins Certificatin and Cmpliance Statements Appendix A: Cnnectr Care Review Appendix B : Specificatins/Data Sheet Index FieldFx User s Guide 5

6 What s New in A Release NA mde System Fr custmers upgrading FieldFx firmware, the fllwing is a list f new features: Unwrapped Phase frmat ,001 pts frm frnt panel Cmplex Impedance Marker Frmat Marker Track, Target, and BW Search Vlume Cntrl GPS - decimal degrees frmat N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

7 Overview Optins and Features The FieldFx may be rdered t include the fllwing ptins and features: Optins and Features RF Vectr NA Mde 2 MHz t 4 GHz (Optin 104) 2 MHz t 6 GHz (Optin 106) Frward Measurements S11, S21 Full 2-prt S-parameters (Optin 122) Adds S22, S12 and Full 2-prt Calibratin. Cable and Antenna Test (CAT) Mde (Optin 305) 2 MHz t 4 GHz (Optin 104) 2 MHz t 6 GHz (Optin 106) Measurements: Distance-t-fault (DTF) DTF & Return Lss Return Lss (db) VSWR DTF (VSWR) Cable Lss (1-Prt) Insertin lss (2-Prt) QuickCal (Optin 112) Built-in cal kit. Industry first! Pwer Meter Mde (Optin 302) Use with Agilent External USB Pwer Sensrs Vectr Vltmeter (VVM) Mde (Optin 308) Measure electrical length Measurements: 1-Prt Cable Trimming (Mag and Phase) 2-Prt Transmissin (Mag and Phase) Designed fr Field Envirnment Lightweight 6.2 lbs (2.8 kg) including battery Rugged, weather resistant shell with n fan/vents Daylight viewable 6.5 (16.5 cm) clr LCD Backlit keys fr night use Integrated kickstand Cnfigurable hand and shulder straps Sftcase fr carrying all gear Quick Reference Guide with laminated pages Learn mre NA Mde n page 19 Cal n page 51. CAT Mde n page 31 Cal n page 53 Pwer Meter Mde n page 62 VVM Mde n page 68 Overview 7

8 Slts fr remvable USB Flash Drive and micr SD Card Expands internal strage Useful fr file transfer Flash Drive and micr SD Card nt included FieldFx release 4.0 supprts micr SDHC (high-capacity) Card Battery r AC Pwer Rechargeable Li-In battery with ~4 hr life Easily remvable battery AC/DC adapter External battery charger (N9910X 872) FieldFx Data Link Sftware Basic capability t print measurement traces n a PC. Capability t create/mdify cal kit and cable definitin files. Help file included with the sftware installatin Dwnlad the latest versin f the sftware at Additinal Features Menus lcalized t 7 languages Save / Recall n page 90 On page 107. Languages n page 99 Accessries The fllwing accessries are included with every N9923A FieldFx. Spare accessries can be rdered at any time. Accessry Part Number Descriptin Cable-Assembly Patch-5E RJ-45 Male/RJ-45 Male 7 FT-LG N9910X 873 N9910X 870 N9910X 880 N9910X 884 N9910X 890 N9910X 891 AC/DC Adapter Lithium-In Battery Sftcase w/ Backpack & Shulder Strap Instrument Shulder Strap User s Guide (printed cpy) Quick Reference Guide (printed cpy) T see a cmplete list f accessries that are available fr the FieldFx, please visit: FieldFx Manuals, Sftware, and Supplemental Help The fllwing manuals and sftware are available fr the FieldFx. Fr the very latest versin, please visit ur website at: Check the manual revisin n the first page f each manual. User s Guide This manual, included with shipment. Quick Reference Guide Printed cpy with laminated pages fr utdr use, included with shipment. 8 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

9 Firmware Updates Check t see if yu have the latest firmware at: FieldFx Data Link Sftware - Free dwnlad at Service Guide Free dwnlad available at Supplemental Online User s Guide - Cncepts and Reference infrmatin Cnventins that are used in the Manual Hardkey indicates a frnt panel buttn. The functinality f these buttns des nt change. The six Sftkey menus change dynamically and fllw these clr cnventins: Sftkey Blue indicates an available setting. Sftkey Green indicates a change in menu level when selected. Sftkey Black indicates the default r selected setting. Sftkey Yellw indicates an active entry in prcess. Sftkey Grey indicates a key that is NOT available. Safety Ntes The fllwing safety ntes are used thrughut this manual. Familiarize yurself with each f the ntes and its meaning befre perating this instrument. Mre pertinent safety ntes fr using this prduct are lcated in Safety Cnsideratins n page 107. CAUTION Cautin dentes a hazard. It calls attentin t a prcedure that, if nt crrectly perfrmed r adhered t, culd result in damage t r destructin f the prduct. D nt prceed beynd a cautin ntice until the indicated cnditins are fully understd and met. WARNING Warning dentes a hazard. It calls attentin t a prcedure which, if nt crrectly perfrmed r adhered t, culd result in injury r lss f life. D nt prceed beynd a warning nte until the indicated cnditins are fully understd and met. Overview 9

10 Preparing fr Initial Use f Yur New FieldFx Check the Shipment When yu receive yur FieldFx, check the shipment accrding t the fllwing prcedure: 1. Inspect the shipping cntainer fr damage. Signs f damage may include a dented r trn shipping cntainer r cushining material that indicates signs f unusual stress r cmpacting. If nt damaged, save the packaging material in case the FieldFx needs t be returned. 2. Carefully remve the cntents frm the shipping cntainer, and verify that the standard accessries and yur rdered ptins are included in the shipment accrding t the Bx Cntents List. 3. Fr any questin r prblems, refer t Cntacting Agilent n page 2. Meeting Pwer Requirements fr the AC/DC Adapter Vltage: Frequency: Current: 100 VAC t 250 VAC 50 Hz t 60 Hz A The AC/DC adapter supplied with the analyzer is equipped with a three-wire pwer crd, in accrdance with internatinal safety standards. The pwer cable apprpriate t the riginal prduct shipping lcatin is included with the FieldFx. Varius AC pwer cables are available frm Agilent that are unique t specific gegraphic areas. Yu can rder additinal AC pwer cables that are crrect fr use in different areas. Fr the pwer crd part number infrmatin please visit: 10 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

11 Install the Lithium-In Battery Step Ntes 1. Open the battery dr. Push the buttn n the battery cmpartment dr while sliding the dr utward. 2. Insert the battery. The terminals end f the battery is inserted int the cmpartment. 3. Clse the battery dr. Slide the battery cmpartment dr upwards until it latches. Battery Usage NOTE When yu receive yur FieldFx, the lithium-in battery is nt installed, and it is partially charged t apprximately 40% t preserve battery life. A lithium-in battery has n memry effect, s it can be used partially charged, as shipped. A fully charged battery will pwer yur FieldFx fr abut fur hurs, s if yu plan t use it fr this lng, yu shuld fully charge the battery. The FieldFx will shut dwn t prevent the battery frm discharging t a level that is damaging. If this ccurs, charge the battery either internally r externally. Learn mre abut the lithium-in battery n page 107. Battery charge status is viewable: In the upper-right crner f the screen. On the Battery screen. T access the screen, select System, Service Diagnstics, and Battery. On the battery. Open the FieldFx battery cmpartment dr t view the battery LCD. Preparing fr Initial Use f Yur New FieldFx 11

12 T cnserve battery pwer: Use Run/Hld t single-trigger a measurement when needed. Hld is shwn n the display. Press System then Display then Brightness. Use the arrws, the rtary knb, r numeric keypad t adjust the brightness t dim the FieldFx display as much as pssible. Briefly press the pwer buttn t switch t Stand By mde when the FieldFx is nt being used. Press again t restre pwer. All current settings are preserved. NOTE When pwered by the battery nly, the FieldFx can stay in Stand By mde fr a maximum f fur hurs and then it pwers ff autmatically. When the relative battery charge drps abut 20%, the FieldFx will pwer ff t preserve the remaining charge. T recharge a battery: Use ONLY a FieldFx charger t recharge a battery. The battery can be fully charged while in the FieldFx in abut 4 hurs with the FieldFx either ON r OFF. It can be fully charged externally using the external battery charger (Opt 872) in abut 4 hurs. When the battery is remved, the FieldFx can still be pwered by the AC/DC adapter. FieldFx ON/OFF Settings T turn pwer ON, briefly press the pwer buttn. The LED is green. Bt-up takes abut 1 minute. T switch t Stand By mde (lw battery drain), briefly press the pwer buttn. The LED is range and blinks. T turn pwer ON, briefly press the pwer buttn. Pwer and settings are restred instantly. See the Nte abve cncerning Stand By mde. T turn Pwer OFF (very lw battery drain), press and hld the pwer buttn until pwer is OFF - abut 4 secnds. The LED is ff. Data and instrument state are NOT autmatically saved when the FieldFx is pwered OFF. Learn hw t save data and instrument state n page 88. FieldFx High-Temperature Prtectin NOTE The fllwing features prevent degradatin r damage in the event f high internal temperatures in the FieldFx. D NOT stre the FieldFx in the sftcase while pwered ON r in Stand By mde. Hw t mnitr the internal FieldFx temperature: Press System, then Service Diagnstics. 12 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

13 Then Internal Temperatures. The temperature at which the fllwing events ccur is the average f the RF1, SB1, SB2 temperatures. These temperatures cme frm internal sensrs embedded within FieldFx. Temperature Cntrl Mde NOTE At apprximately 73 C, the FieldFx enters Temperature Cntrl mde by reducing display intensity and measurement speed. This shuld decrease the internal temperature which preserves measurement accuracy and maintains the lng-term reliability f the FieldFx. When entering Temperature Cntrl mde, save yur instrument state and data that yu want t keep. When the temperature drps t apprximately 71 C, nrmal perating settings are restred. Measurement speed specificatins d NOT apply in Temperature Cntrl Mde. High-Temp Shutdwn In extreme situatins, Temperature Cntrl mde may nt stp an increase in the FieldFx internal temperature. At apprximately 75 C, High-Temperature Shutdwn will engage and turn OFF the FieldFx. Just prir t shutdwn, the FieldFx will display a warning f imminent shut dwn. Avid Overpwering the FieldFx The FieldFx can be damaged with t much pwer r vltage applied. Exceeding the maximum RF pwer levels shwn belw will cause an ADC Over Range message t appear n the screen. WARNING Maximum Input Vltages and Pwer: Prt 1 r Prt 2 Cnnectr: ±50 VDC, +23 dbm RF Exter Trig/Ref Cnnectr: 5.5 VDC DC Input: 19 VDC, 4 ADC Pwer Sensr Input: +25 dbm (320 mw) average +33 dbm peak (2 W) <10μs + 5 VDC NOTE Very ften, caxial cables and antennas build up a static charge, which, if allwed t discharge by cnnecting t the FieldFx, may damage the instrument input circuitry. T avid such damage, it is recmmended t dissipate any static charges by temprarily attaching a shrt t the cable r antenna prir t attaching t the FieldFx. Preparing fr Initial Use f Yur New FieldFx 13

14 Take the FieldFx Tur Frnt Panel 14 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

15 Frnt Panel N. Captin Descriptin Learn Mre n Page: 1 Pwer ON: press mmentarily. STAND BY: with FieldFx pwer ON, press briefly. OFF: press and hld abut 4 secnds until the FieldFx shuts ff. 2 LED Nt lit: FieldFx OFF, nt charging Green: FieldFx ON. Charging status indicated by battery icn n screen Orange, flashing: FieldFx STAND BY Orange, intensity increasing, flashing slwly: FieldFx OFF, charging System Displays a submenu fr system setup 94 4 Functin keys Includes: Freq/Dist, Scale/Amptd, BW, Sweep, Trace, Meas Setup, Measure, and Mde Refer t specific Mde. 5 Preset Returns the analyzer t a knwn state 96 6 Enter Cnfirms a parameter selectin r cnfiguratin -- 7 Marker Activates marker functin 76 8 Mkr /Tls Displays a submenu fr marker functins 79 9 Esc Exits and clses the dialg bx r clears the character input Save/Recall Saves the current trace r recalls saved data frm memry Limit Sets limit lines fr quick Pass/Fail judgment Run/Hld Tggles between free Run and Hld/Single peratin Cal Displays a submenu fr calibratin functins Arrw keys Increases r decreases a value r setting Back Returns t the previus menu selectin Rtary knb Highlights an item fr selectin, r enables incremental changes t values. 17 Sftkeys Allws selectin f settings fr cnfiguring and perfrming measurements, and fr ther FieldFx functins. 18 Screen Transflective screen, viewable under all lighting cnditins. If yu are using yur FieldFx in direct sunlight, yu d nt need t shield the display frm the sunlight. In bright lighting cnditins, the display is brighter and easier t read when yu allw light t fall directly n the screen. Alternative clr mdes exist that maximize viewing in direct sunlight cnditins, as well as ther cnditins such as nighttime wrk Display settings 17 - Screen Tur Nte: Clean the Transflective screen with gentle and minimal wiping using Isprpyl alchl applied t a lint-free clth. Preparing fr Initial Use f Yur New FieldFx 15

16 Tp Panel Captin Descriptin Learn Mre Prt 1 Ext Trig/Ext Ref Prt 2 Fr CAT and NA measurements, cntains surce and A / R1 receivers. Maximum: ±50 VDC, +23 dbm RF External Reference cnnectr t cnnect t an external frequency reference. Maximum: 5.5 VDC. External Triggering is nt used n the N9923A. Fr CAT and NA mde, cntains surce and B / R2 receivers. Maximum: ±50 VDC, +23 dbm RF. CAT Mde n page 19 NA Mde n page 19 Ext Ref n page 101 CAT Mde n page 19 NA Mde n page 19 Side Panel Captin Descriptin Learn Mre Ethernet cable cnnectr t read trace data using the FieldFx Data Link Sftware. Data Link webpage Reserved fr future use. DC pwer cnnectr used t cnnect t the AC/DC adapter. Maximum: 19 VDC, 4 ADC. On page 11 Micr SD Micr Secure Digital slt. Use t extend the memry f the FieldFx. File lcatins n page 88 Standard USB cnnectr used t cnnect a pwer sensr fr Pwer Meter Mde. Als used t save files t a USB flash drive. Use f Keybard and Muse is NOT supprted. Audi utput jack. File lcatins n page N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

17 Screen Tur Captin Descriptin Learn Mre n Page: 1 Title write yur wn text here 98 2 Current Mde 3 Run / Hld 95 4 Display Frmat 23 5 Scale/divisin Mde dependent 6 Calibratin Status (CAT and NA) 51 7 Velcity Factr (Fault Meas) 45 8 Averaging Status and Cunt Mde dependent 9 Data / Mem Display (CAT and NA) 86- Trace Math 10 Reslutin Setting Mde dependent 11 Measurement Start Freq r Distance Mde dependent 12 Bandpass / Lwpass setting (Fault Meas) 45 IF BW in NA Mde 13 Output Pwer Level (CAT and NA) Measurement Stp Freq r Distance Mde dependent 15 Actual Sweep Time Mde dependent 16 Limit Line Status Time and Date Marker Readut Battery Status Measurement Type (CAT and NA) 21 Reference Level Mde dependent 22 Reference Psitin Mde dependent Preparing fr Initial Use f Yur New FieldFx 17

18 Hw t Enter Numeric Values Many settings n the FieldFx require the entry f numeric values. Hw t enter numeric values Use any cmbinatin f the fllwing keys: Numeric 0 9 keys, alng with the plarity ( +/-) key. Up/Dwn arrw keys t increment r decrement values. Rtary knb t scrll thrugh a set f values. Back erases previusly entered values. Esc exits data entry withut accepting the new value. T cmplete the setting: Press Enter r a different sftkey r hardkey. Multiplier Abbreviatins Many times after entering numeric values, a set f multiplier r suffix sftkeys are presented. The fllwing explains the meaning f these abbreviatins. Select Frequency multipliers as fllws: GHz Gigahertz (1e9 Hertz) MHz Megahertz (1e6 Hertz) khz Kilhertz (1e3 Hertz) Hz Hertz Select Time multipliers as fllws: s Secnds ms millisecnds (1e 3) us micrsecnds (1e 6) ns nansecnds (1e 9) ps picsecnds (1e-12) 18 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

19 NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde Learn mre abut NA Mde measurements in the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: In this Chapter Hw t Measure S-parameters Receiver Measurements Multi-Trace Cnfiguratins Quick Settings Frmat Frequency Range Scale Settings Electrical Delay Phase Offset Averaging IF Bandwidth Smthing Single/Cntinuus Reslutin (number f pints) Sweep Time Output Pwer Interference Rejectin System Impedance Prt Extensins Velcity Factr Increase Dynamic Range See Als All abut Calibratin Set Markers Use Limit Lines Use Trace Math Making 75Ω (hm) Measurements at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde 19

20 Abut S-parameters S-parameters (scattering parameters) are used t describe the way a device mdifies a signal. The FieldFx can measure fur S-parameters. The syntax fr each parameter is described by the fllwing: S (ut in) ut = FieldFx receiver prt in = FieldFx surce prt The FieldFx autmatically switches the internal surce and receivers t make bth frward and reverse measurements. Therefre, the FieldFx can measure all fur S-parameters with a single cnnectin. When the surce cmes frm prt 1, the measurement is said t be in the frward directin. When the surce cmes frm prt 2, the measurement is said t be in the reverse directin, which requires Optin 122. S11 and S22 reflectin measurements are used t measure the amunt f reflectins ff the crrespnding DUT prt. Lw reflectins means there is a gd impedance match between the surce and DUT. S21 and S12 transmissin measurements are used t measure the lss r gain thrugh a DUT ver a specified frequency range. Bth ends f the DUT must be cnnected t the FieldFx. The FieldFx signal surce is transmitted ut ne f the test prt cnnectrs, thrugh the DUT, and int the ther test prt cnnectr. Hw t measure S-parameters 1. Press Preset then Preset 2. Press Measure 1 then chse frm the fllwing: S11 Reflectin measurement at prt 1. S21 Frward 2-prt transmissin measurement. S12 Reverse 2-prt transmissin measurement. Requires Opt 122. S22 Reflectin measurement at prt 2. Requires Opt 122. OR select a multi-trace cnfiguratin. Learn mre n page Press Freq/Dist then either Start and Stp r Center and Span t enter a Frequency Range fr the measurement. 4. Press BW 2 then IFBW t select the IF Bandwidth fr the measurement. Narrwer bandwidths require mre time t sweep, but lwers trace nise. 20 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

21 5. Press Sweep 3 then Reslutin t select the number f data pints fr the measurement. Mre data pints require mre time t sweep. 6. Press Cal 5 t calibrate the measurement. Learn mre n page All ther settings, described in the fllwing sectin, can be made AFTER calibratin withut cmprmising measurement accuracy. Receiver Measurements NOTE In NA Mde ONLY, yu can make unratied, uncrrected receiver measurements. These measurements are typically used as diagnstic tls fr service persnnel. The receivers measurements are NOT crrected fr abslute pwer. They are nly useful fr making relative measurements. The Y-Axis and markers are labeled in db - NOT dbm. Specifically, R1 and R2, d NOT indicate the actual pwer levels ut f the surce prts. The actual pwer levels are clse t the typical utput pwer f +6 dbm (High pwer) and -40 dbm (Lw pwer). Hw t make receiver measurements Press Measure 1 Then Mre Then chse frm the fllwing: A Prt-1 test prt (*1) B Prt-2 test prt (*2) R1 Prt-1 reference receiver (*1) R2 Prt-2 reference receiver (*2) (* ) indicates the Aut-selected surce prt fr the measurement Surce Prt The FieldFx prt t prvide the surce signal. Chse frm the fllwing: Aut The FieldFx sets the surce prt based n the selected receiver. Prt 1 Select when measuring transmissin at B receiver. Prt 2 Select when measuring reverse transmissin at A receiver. Learn mre abut Raw Receiver Measurements at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: Multi-Trace Cnfiguratins In NA Mde ONLY, yu can display multiple traces n the FieldFx screen. NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde 21

22 A 3-trace cnfiguratin. Tr2 is the ACTIVE trace as indicated by the highlighted Tr 2 Trace Setting Ntes The Frequency Range, IF BW, Reslutin, Average, and Output Pwer settings are cmmn fr all displayed traces. All ther trace settings, such as measurement, frmat, and limit lines, are applied individually t the ACTIVE trace in the same manner as when a single trace is present. By default, a marker is created n ALL traces as shw in the abve image. Hwever, they can be created individually by disabling Cupled Markers. Learn mre n page 78. Hw t select a multi-trace cnfiguratin Press Trace 6 Then Num Traces Then chse frm the fllwing: Default measurements shwn in (parenthesis) depend n the ptins that are installed. x1 1 trace standard cnfiguratin (S11) x2 2 traces verlayed n a single graticule (S11, S21) x2h 2 traces n separate hrizntal graticules (S11, S21) x3h 3 traces n separate hrizntal graticules (S11, S21, S12) x4 4 traces n separate graticules (S11, S21, S12, S22) Hw t activate a trace in rder t change a setting Use the arrws OR Press Trace 6 then select Trace 1, Trace 2, Trace 3, r Trace 4, Only traces that are shwn can be activated. 22 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

23 Hw t maximize the viewing f the active trace Press System 7 Then Full Screen Press any key t return t the standard display. Quick Settings Bth NA and CAT Mdes allw yu t view and change mst relevant settings frm a single lcatin. The Quick Settings menu. The reslutin is being edited. NOTE Interference Rejectin and System Z0 can be changed ONLY frm the Quick Settings menu. Learn mre abut these settings n pages 29 and 29. ALL ther settings can als be made using the standard sftkey menus. Hw t view and change Quick Settings Press Meas Setup 4. Then Settings. Press Next Page and Previus Page t view all settings. If these sftkeys are NOT available, then all available settings fit n ne page. T change a setting: Use the arrws t highlight a setting. Then press Edit. The current setting changes t yellw. Sme settings require yu t press a sftkey t change the value. Otherwise, use the numeric keypad, arrws, r rtary knb t change the value. When finished changing a value, press Dne Edit. When finished changing settings, press Dne. Frmat Select the display frmat in which t present measurement results. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde 23

24 NOTE Learn mre abut Display Frmat at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: Hw t select a NA Frmat Press Measure 1. Then Frmat [current setting]. Then chse frm the fllwing: Lg Magnitude Displays magnitude in db Linear Displays psitive values nly. Y-axis: Unitless (U) fr ratied measurements; Watts (W) fr unratied measurements. VSWR Used mainly fr S11 and S22. Displays unitless reflectin data. Phase Displays phase in degrees. The trace wraps every 360 degrees, frm +180 t 180, fr easy scaling. Smith Used mainly fr S11 and S22. Displays series resistance and reactance. Mre then Plar Used mainly fr S11 and S22. Displays magnitude and phase f the reflectin cefficient. Grup Delay Used mainly fr S21 and S12. Displays signal transmissin (prpagatin) time thrugh a device in secnds. The Grup Delay aperture is the current Smthing aperture. Default is 1.5 % f the X-axis. Learn hw t set Smthing aperture n page 27. Learn mre abut Grup Delay measurements at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: NOTE Unwrap Phase Same as Phase, but withut 180 degree wrapping. Phase is unwrapped by cmparing the phase frm ne data pint t the next. If the phase difference between tw data pints is greater than 180 degrees, r if the phase f the first data pint is greater than 180 degrees frm DC, than the phase measurement is prbably NOT accurate. Increase the reslutin setting t ensure that the phase measurement is accurate. In Smith and Plar frmats, marker frmat can be changed t display (Mag & Phase) r (R + jx). Learn hw t set marker frmat n page 80. Frequency Range Set the range f frequencies ver which yu wuld like t make measurements. When the frequency range is changed after a calibratin is perfrmed, the cal becmes interplated. Learn mre n page 51. Hw t set Frequency Range This can be dne in tw ways: Press Freq/Dist Then chse frm the fllwing: 24 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

25 1. Start and Stp frequencies Specify the beginning and end f the sweep. 2. Center and Span frequencies - Specify the center frequency and span f frequencies (half n either side f center). Fllw each by entering a value using the numeric keypad, the arrws, r the rtary knb. After using the arrws r the rtary knb, press Enter. The increment setting f the arrws is based n the current span and can NOT be changed in NA Mde. After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page 18. Scale Settings Adjust the Y-axis scale t see the relevant prtins f the data trace. The Y-axis is divided int 10 graticules. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Scale Press Scale / Amptd. Then chse frm the fllwing methds: 1. Autscale Adjusts the Y-axis t cmfrtably fit the Min and Max amplitude f the active trace. 2. Autscale All Autscales all f the traces n the screen. Useful fr multitrace cnfiguratins. 3. Set Scale, Reference Level, and Reference Psitin Scale Manually enter a scale per divisin t view specific areas f the trace. Ref Level Manually set the value f the reference line. Enter a negative value by pressing Run/Hld (+/-) either befre r after typing a value. Ref Psitin Manually set the psitin f the reference line. Values must be between 0 (TOP line) and 10 (BOTTOM line) Scale anntatin n the FieldFx screen Reference Line = red arrw Ref Level = 40 db Ref Psitin = 1 Scale = 2 db per divisin Electrical Delay Electrical delay is a mathematical functin that simulates a variable length f lssless transmissin line. Use the electrical delay feature t cmpensate fr the linear phase shift thrugh a device and view nly the deviatin frm linear phase f the device. NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde 25

26 Yu can set the electrical delay independently fr each measurement trace. T apply an electrical delay t all measurement traces, use Prt Extensins. Learn hw n page 30. Hw t set Electrical Delay Press Scale / Amptd Then Mre Then Electrical Delay Enter a time value using the numeric keypad, the arrws, r the rtary knb. Press a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page 18. Phase Offset Phase ffset mathematically adjusts the phase measurement by a specified amunt, up t 360. Use this feature in the fllwing ways: Imprve the display f a phase measurement. This is similar t the way yu wuld change the reference level in an amplitude measurement. Change the phase respnse t center r align the respnse n the screen. Emulate a prjected phase shift in yur measurement. Fr example, if yu knw that yu need t add a cable and that the length f that cable will add a certain phase shift t yur measurement, yu can use phase ffset t add that amunt and simulate the cmplete device measurement. Yu can set the phase ffset independently fr each measurement trace. Hw t set Phase Offset Press Scale / Amptd Then Mre Then Phase Offset Enter a value in degrees using the numeric keypad, the arrws, r the rtary knb. Press Enter Averaging Trace Averaging helps t smth a trace t reduce the effects f randm nise n a measurement. The FieldFx cmputes each data pint based n the average f the same data pint ver several cnsecutive sweeps. Average Cunt determines the number f sweeps t average. The higher the average cunt, the greater the amunt f nise reductin. An average cunter is shwn in the left edge f the screen as Avg N. This shws the number f previus sweeps that have been averaged tgether t frm the current trace. When the cunter reaches the specified cunt, then a running average f the last N sweeps is displayed. Average Cunt = 1 means there is NO averaging. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. 26 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

27 Hw t set Trace Averaging Press BW 2. Then Average N where N is the current cunt setting. Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Enter 1 fr NO averaging. Press Enter. While Trace Averaging is in prcess, press Sweep 3, then Restart, t restart the averaging at 1. IF Bandwidth The FieldFx cnverts the received signal frm its surce t a lwer intermediate frequency (IF). The bandwidth f the IF bandpass filter is adjustable. Reducing the IF receiver bandwidth reduces the effect f randm nise n a measurement. Hwever, narrwer IF bandwidths cause lnger sweep times. Hw t set IF BW Press BW 2. Then IF BW Then chse frm the fllwing: 300 Hz 1 khz 3 khz 10 khz 30 khz Smthing Trace smthing averages a number f adjacent data pints t smth the peakt-peak nise values n a displayed trace. The number f adjacent data pints that are averaged is knwn as the smthing aperture. Aperture is set by specifying a percentage f the X-axis span. Trace smthing des NOT significantly increase measurement time. Smthing is used in Grup Delay measurements, althugh it can be used with any NA frmat EXCEPT Plar r Smith Chart. Learn mre abut NA Mde frmats, including Grup Delay, n page 23. When enabled, Sm appears n the FieldFx screen. Hw t set Smthing Press BW 2. Then Smthing ON OFF Then Sm. Aperture and enter a value between 0 and 25 (percent) using the numeric keypad. Press Enter Single r Cntinuus Measure This setting determines whether the FieldFx measures cntinuusly r nly nce each time the Single buttn is pressed. Use Single t cnserve battery pwer r t allw yu t save r analyze a specific measurement. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde 27

28 Hw t set Single r Cntinuus Press Sweep 3. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Single Autmatically sets Cntinuus OFF and causes FieldFx t make ONE measurement, then hld fr the next Single key press. When a data trace is displayed, the entire trace is measured, then hlds. The Hld anntatin changes t an arrw --> while the measurement ccurs. Cntinuus ON OFF Makes cntinuus measurements. This is the typical setting when battery pwer is nt critical. Yu can als use Run / Hld +/- t tggle between Single and Cntinuus. Reslutin (Number f Data Pints) Data pints are individual measurements that are made and pltted acrss the X- axis t frm a trace. Select mre data pints t increase measurement reslutin. Hwever, mre data pints requires mre time t cmplete an entire measurement sweep. When the Reslutin is changed after a calibratin is perfrmed, the cal becmes interplated. Learn mre n page 51. Hw t set Reslutin Press Sweep 3. Then Reslutin. Then chse frm the fllwing: Using SCPI, Reslutin can be set t any number f pints between 3 and See the Prgramming Guide at Sweep Time NOTE The fastest pssible sweep time is always used as the default setting. Use the Min Swp Time setting t slw the sweep time when measuring lng lengths f cable. Learn mre abut measuring lng cable lengths at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: The actual sweep time is shwn n the FieldFx screen. See the Screen Tur n page 17. T increase the sweep time, enter a value that is higher than the actual sweep time. The increase will nt be exactly the amunt that yu enter, as the actual sweep time is the cmpsite f many factrs. Measurement speed specificatins d NOT apply in Temperature Cntrl Mde. Learn mre n page 13. Hw t set Sweep Time Press Sweep 3. Then Min Swp Time. Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Press a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

29 Output Pwer NOTE Set the pwer level ut f the FieldFx t either High pwer r Lw pwer. Generally, the high pwer level (default setting) is mre accurate because the receivers are measuring farther frm the nise flr. Hwever, sme devices are sensitive t high pwer levels. Use the Lw pwer setting when measuring amplifiers. T help prevent damage t yur DUT, when Output Pwer is changed in NA Mde, it is changed t the same value in CAT Mde. Hw t set Output Pwer Press Meas Setup 4. Then Output Pwer High Lw. High Sets utput pwer t apprximately +6 dbm. Lw Sets utput pwer t apprximately 40 dbm. Interference Rejectin Use this setting when yu suspect that ther signals in the area are interfering with a measurement. This may lk like a spike r lack f stability in the measurement trace. While mnitring a measurement at a specific frequency, tggle this setting between ON and OFF. If the measurement result decreases while ON, then there is an interfering signal in the area. Cntinue t make measurements with Interference Rejectin ON. Hwever, this will slw the measurement speed. Once enabled, up t SIX sweeps may be required befre the interfering signal is neutralized. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Interference Rejectin Press Meas Setup 4. Then Settings Then scrll t Interference Rej and press Edit Then press Interference Rej [current setting] repeatedly t chse frm the fllwing: Off N interference rejectin and fastest pssible sweep speed. Minimum The lwest level f Interference rejectin. Medium The medium level f Interference rejectin. Maximum The highest level f Interference rejectin. Press Dne Edit System Impedance (Z0) T accurately view data presented in Smith Chart frmat, first set the System Impedance. Learn hw t select Smith Chart frmat n page 23. NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde 29

30 Learn hw t make 75Ω measurements at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: Hw t set System Impedance Press Meas Setup 4. Then Settings Then scrll t System z and press Edit. Then type either 50 r 75 and press Enter. Prt Extensins Prt extensins allw yu t electrically mve the calibratin reference plane n either prt 1 r prt 2 after yu have perfrmed a calibratin. Why use Prt Extensins Use prt extensins if yu are unable t perfrm a calibratin directly at yur device because the lcatin is nt accessible. Perfrm a calibratin at a cnvenient place, then use prt extensins t cmpensate fr the time delay (phase shift) t the desired reference plane. On the FieldFx, prt extensins des nt cmpensate fr the lss f the additinal electrical length, nr any mismatch errrs beynd the calibratin reference plane. Als use prt extensins if yu have already perfrmed a calibratin, and then decide that yu need t add a length f transmissin line in the measurement cnfiguratin. Use prt extensins t "tell" the FieldFx that yu have added the length t a specific prt.. With S11 and S22 reflectin measurements, the FieldFx dubles the prt extensin valued that yu enter t accunt fr the additinal delay in the frward and reverse directins. With S21 and S12 transmissin measurements, the prt 1 and prt 2 extensins are added tgether. This accunts fr the ttal transmissin delay ging thrugh prts 1 and 2. Prt extensins and Electrical Delay differ in the fllwing ways: Electrical delay applies t a specific trace Prt extensins apply t specific hardware prts Prt Extensins and Electrical Delay can be set independently. When bth are set, the delay adds tgether. Learn mre abut Electrical Delay n page 25. Hw t apply Prt Extensins Press Meas Setup 4. Then Prt Extensins Then Prt Extensins ON Then Prt1 Extensin r Prt2 Extensin Then enter time value using the numeric keypad, the arrws, r the rtary knb. Press Enter r select a secnds (time) multiplier. 30 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

31 Yu can als set Prt Extensins by pressing Meas Setup 4 then Calibratin (settings). While setting Prt Extensin, the physical length f the extensin (in meters ONLY), at the current Velcity Factr setting, is visible t the right (red bx in abve image). Velcity Factr The electrical delay r prt extensin value is entered as delay, r electrical length, in units f time. Entering the velcity factr causes the FieldFx t accurately display the equivalent physical length in meters (NOT available in feet) that crrespnds t the entered electrical delay. Velcity factr is the rati f the velcity f wave prpagatin in a caxial cable t the velcity f wave prpagatin in free space. This velcity depends n the relative permittivity f the cable dielectric ( r). Velcity factr = 1/sqrt(εr) VF = 0.66 crrespnds t wave prpagatin thrugh a plyethylene dielectric. VF = 1.0 (default setting) crrespnds t wave prpagatin thrugh free space (a vacuum). Hw t set Velcity Factr Press Meas Setup 4. Then Prt Extensins Then Velcity Factr Then enter a value between 0.1 and 1 using the numeric keypad, then press Enter. Yu can als set Velcity Factr by pressing Meas Setup 4 then Calibratin (settings). Increase Dynamic Range Dynamic range is the difference between maximum input pwer t the FieldFx receiver (withut cmpressing the receiver), and the minimum measurable pwer (nise flr). Measurement accuracy is increased when the DUT respnse is at least 10 db abve the nise flr. Fr a measurement t be valid, input signals must be within these bundaries. A cmmn applicatin that requires a wide dynamic range is measuring the rejectin band f a base statin filter. NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde 31

32 The fllwing methds can help yu increase the dynamic range. Perfrm a Full 2-prt Calibratin. Learn mre n page 57. Yu can change the default CalReady calibratin t a Full 2-prt Calibratin. Learn hw n page 60. Use the High pwer setting. Press Meas 4 then Output Pwer High Reduce the receiver nise flr. The fllwing settings als reduce sweep speed. Increase Averaging. Press BW 2 then Average then chse a value. Lwer the IFBW. Press BW 2 then IF BW then 300 Hz 32 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

33 CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mde - Optin 305 CAT Mde is typically used t test an entire transmissin system, frm the transmitter t the antenna. This prcess is smetimes referred t as Line Sweeping. CAT Mde is similar t NA (Netwrk Analyzer) Mde. Learn mre at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: CAT Mde Distance t Fault measurements are discussed n page 42. In this Chapter Measurement Selectin Quick Settings Frequency Range Scale Settings Averaging Single/Cntinuus Reslutin Sweep Time Output Pwer Interference Rejectin Prcedures Return Lss Measurement Prt Cable Lss Measurement Prt Insertin Lss Measurement Distance t Fault Measurements See Als All abut Calibratin Set Markers Use Limit Lines Use Trace Math CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mde - Optin

34 CAT Mde Settings Select CAT Mde befre making any setting in this chapter. Hw t select CAT Mde Press Mde. Then CAT. NOTE Measurement Selectin Hw t select a CAT Mde Measurement Learn mre abut the fllwing measurements Press Measure 1. Then chse ne f the fllwing: These sftkeys als appear after CAT Mde is selected. Distance t Fault 1-prt reflectin measurement that uses Inverse Fast Furier Transfrm (IFFT) calculatins t determine and display the distance t, and relative size f, a fault r disruptin in the transmissin line. Units are in return lss frmat, expressed as a psitive number in db, unless the measurement selected is DTF (VSWR). Learn mre abut DTF Measurements n page 42. Return Lss & DTF Displays a Return Lss measurement in the tp plt and a Distance t Fault measurement in the bttm plt. Use this frmat t display the frequency settings that are used t make the DTF measurement. Learn mre abut Bandpass Mde n page 44. All plt settings, such as Scale, Markers, and s frth, are made t the DTF (bttm) plt, NOT t the Return Lss (tp) plt. Hwever, the frequency range f the Return Lss plt can be changed using the Alternate Sweep setting. Learn mre n page n page 48. Return Lss 1-prt reflectin measurement that displays the amunt f incident signal energy MINUS the amunt f energy that is reflected. The higher the trace is n the screen, the mre energy being reflected back t the FieldFx. Learn hw t measure Return Lss n page 38. VSWR (Vltage Standing Wave Rati als knwn as SWR) 1-prt reflectin measurement that displays the rati f the maximum reflected vltage ver the minimum reflected vltage. The higher the trace is n the screen, the mre energy being reflected back t the FieldFx. Learn mre abut VSWR at the FieldFx Online Supplemental User s Guide: DTF (VSWR) Distance t Fault in VSWR frmat. Mre Shws the fllwing menu items: 1-Prt Cable Lss 1-prt reflectin measurement that displays the lss f a transmissin line. Learn mre n page N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

35 2-Prt Insertin Lss 2-prt transmissin measurement that accurately displays the lss thrugh a cable r ther device in db. Bth ends f the cable must be cnnected t the FieldFx. NO phase infrmatin is included in this measurement. Learn mre n page 41. Quick Settings Bth CAT and NA Mdes allw yu t view and change mst relevant settings frm a single lcatin. All f these settings are discussed in this chapter and, unless therwise nted, ALL f these settings can als be made using the standard sftkey menus. Hw t view and change Quick Settings Press Meas Setup 4. Then Settings. Press Next Page and Previus Page t view all settings. If these sftkeys are NOT available, then all available settings fit n ne page. T change a setting: Use the arrws t highlight a setting. Then press Edit. The current setting changes t yellw. Sme settings require yu t press a sftkey t change the value. Otherwise, use the numeric keypad, arrws, r rtary knb t change the value. When finished changing a value, press Dne Edit. When finished changing settings, press Dne. The Quick Settings menu. The reslutin is being edited. Frequency Range Set the range f frequencies ver which yu wuld like t make CAT Mde measurements. When the frequency range is changed after a calibratin is perfrmed, the cal becmes interplated. Learn mre n page 51. Hw t set Frequency Range Press Freq/Dist. Then chse frm the fllwing: CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mde - Optin

36 Start and Stp frequencies - beginning and end f the sweep. Center and Freq Span frequencies the center frequency and span f frequencies (half n either side f center). Fllw each setting by entering a value using the numeric keypad, arrws, r the rtary knb. After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page 18. After using the arrws r the rtary knb, press Enter. The amunt f frequency increment is based n the current span and can NOT be changed in CAT Mde. Scale Settings Adjust the Y-axis scale t see the relevant prtins f the data trace. The Y-axis is divided int 10 graticules. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Scale Press Scale / Amptd. Then chse frm the fllwing three methds: 1. Autscale Autmatically adjusts the Y-axis t cmfrtably fit the Min and Max amplitude f the trace n the screen. 2. Set Scale, Reference Level, and Reference Psitin: Scale Manually enter a scale per divisin t view specific areas f the trace. Ref Level Manually set the value f the reference line. Enter a negative value by pressing Run/Hld (+/-) either befre r after typing a value. Ref Psitin Manually set the psitin f the reference line. Values must be between 0 (TOP line) and 10 (BOTTOM line) 3. Set Tp and Bttm graticule values. The scale per divisin is calculated. Tp t set the value f the Tp graticule. Bttm t set the value f the Bttm graticule. Enter a negative value by pressing Run/Hld (+/-) either befre r after typing a value. Scale anntatin n the FieldFx screen Reference Line = red arrw Ref Level = -40 db Ref Psitin = 1 Scale = 2 db per divisin 36 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

37 Averaging Trace Averaging helps t smth a trace t reduce the effects f randm nise n a measurement. The FieldFx cmputes each data pint based n the average f the same data pint ver several cnsecutive sweeps. Average Cunt determines the number f sweeps t average. The higher the average cunt, the greater the amunt f nise reductin. An average cunter is shwn in the left edge f the screen as Avg N. This shws the number f previus sweeps that have been averaged tgether t frm the current trace. When the cunter reaches the specified cunt, then a running average f the last N sweeps is displayed. Average Cunt = 1 means there is NO averaging. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Trace Averaging Press BW 2. Then Average N where N is the current cunt setting. Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Enter 1 fr NO averaging. Press Enter. While Trace Averaging is in prcess, press Sweep 3 then Restart t restart the averaging at 1. Single r Cntinuus Measure This setting determines whether the FieldFx measures cntinuusly r nly nce each time the Single buttn is pressed. Use Single t cnserve battery pwer r t allw yu t save r analyze a specific measurement. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Single r Cntinuus Press Sweep 3. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Single Autmatically sets Cntinuus OFF and causes FieldFx t make ONE measurement, then hld fr the next Single key press. When a data trace is displayed, the entire trace is measured, then hlds. The Hld anntatin changes t an arrw --> while the measurement ccurs. Cntinuus ON OFF Makes cntinuus measurements. This is the typical setting when battery pwer is nt critical. Yu can als use Run / Hld +/- t tggle between Single and Cntinuus. Reslutin (Number f Data Pints) Data pints are individual measurements that are made and pltted acrss the X- axis t frm a trace. Select mre data pints t increase measurement reslutin. Hwever, mre data pints require mre time t cmplete an entire measurement sweep. CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mde - Optin

38 When the Reslutin is changed after a calibratin is perfrmed, the cal becmes interplated. Learn mre n page 51. Hw t set Reslutin Press Sweep 3. Then Reslutin. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Using SCPI, Reslutin can be set t any number f pints between 3 and See the Prgramming Guide at Sweep Time NOTE The fastest pssible sweep time is always used as the default setting. Use the Min Swp Time setting t slw the sweep time when measuring lng lengths f cable. Learn mre abut measuring lng cable lengths at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: The actual sweep time is shwn n the FieldFx screen. See the Screen Tur n page 17. T increase the sweep time, enter a value that is higher than the actual sweep time. The increase will nt be exactly the amunt that yu enter, as the actual sweep time is the cmpsite f many factrs. Measurement speed specificatins d NOT apply in Temperature Cntrl Mde. Learn mre n page 13. Hw t set Sweep Time Press Sweep 3. Then Min Swp Time. Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Press a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page 18. Output Pwer NOTE Set the pwer level ut f the FieldFx t either High pwer r Lw pwer. Generally, the high pwer level (default setting) is mre accurate because the receivers are measuring farther frm the nise flr. Hwever, sme devices are sensitive t high pwer levels. Use the Lw pwer setting when measuring amplifiers. T help prevent damage t yur DUT, when Output Pwer is changed in CAT Mde, it is changed t the same value in NA Mde. Hw t set Output Pwer Press Meas Setup 4. Then Output Pwer High Lw The underlined value is the current setting. High Sets utput pwer t apprximately +6 dbm. Lw Sets utput pwer t apprximately 40 dbm. 38 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

39 Interference Rejectin Use this setting when yu suspect that ther signals in the area are interfering with a measurement. Interference may lk like a spike r lack f stability in the measurement trace. While mnitring a measurement at a specific frequency, tggle this setting between ON and OFF. If the measurement result decreases while ON, then there is an interfering signal in the area. Cntinue t make measurements with Interference Rejectin ON. Hwever, this will slw the measurement speed. Once enabled, up t SIX sweeps may be required befre the interfering signal is neutralized. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Interference Rejectin Press Meas Setup 4. Then Interference Rejectin [current setting]. Then chse frm the fllwing: Off N interference rejectin and fastest pssible sweep speed. Minimum The lwest level f Interference rejectin. Medium The medium level f Interference rejectin. Maximum The highest level f Interference rejectin. Return Lss Measurements Return lss can be thught f as the abslute value f the reflected pwer as cmpared t the incident pwer. When measuring an OPEN r SHORT, all incident pwer is reflected and apprximately 0 db return lss is displayed. When measuring a LOAD, very little pwer is reflected and values f 40 db t 60 db are displayed. The minus sign is usually ignred when cnveying return lss. Fr example, a cmpnent is said t have 18 db return lss, rather than 18 db. Hw t measure Return Lss Cnnect the cable r any adapter used t cnnect the device under test (DUT). Select Preset then Preset Returns the FieldFx t knwn settings. Select Mde then CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Then Return Lss (Default measurement). Press Freq/Dist and enter Start and Stp frequency values f the measurement. Press Meas Setup 4 then Settings t make apprpriate settings befre calibrating. Discnnect the cable r DUT and press Cal 5 then fllw the calibratin prmpts. CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mde - Optin

40 Recnnect the cable r DUT. The return lss trace is displayed n the FieldFx screen. NOTE If the DUT just measured is a cable, and if yu are nw ging t perfrm a 1-prt cable lss measurement, save the return lss measurement data t memry. Ding this allws yu t mit steps 10 and 11 n page 41 in the prcedure fr making a 1-prt cable lss measurement. 1-Prt Cable Lss Measurements NOTE While all cables have inherent lss, weather and time will deterirate cables and cause even mre energy t be absrbed by the cable. This makes less pwer available t be transmitted. A deterirated cable is nt usually apparent in a Distance t Fault measurement, where mre bvius and dramatic prblems are identified. A Cable Lss measurement is necessary t measure the accumulated lsses thrughut the length f the cable. A 2-prt Insertin Lss measurement is usually mre accurate than a 1-prt Cable Lss measurement. Hwever, t perfrm a 2-prt Insertin Lss measurement, bth ends f the cable must be cnnected t the FieldFx. In high-lss cnditins, a Cable Lss measurement becmes nisy as the test signal becmes indistinguishable in the FieldFx nise flr. This can ccur when measuring a very lng cable and using relatively high measurement frequencies. T help with this cnditin, use High Pwer (page 38), and Averaging. (page 37). Hw t make a 1-prt Cable Lss Measurement NOTE 4. Press Preset then Preset. 5. Then Mre then Cable Lss (1-Prt). 6. Cnnect the cable t be tested. 7. Press Freq/Dist and enter Start and Stp frequency values f the measurement. 8. Press Sweep 3 then Min Swp Time. Increase the Sweep Time until a stable trace is visible n the screen. The amunt f time that is required increases with lnger cable lengths. Learn mre abut measuring lng cable lengths at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: 9. Remve the cable t be tested. 7. Press Cal 5, then QuickCal r OSL. 8. Fllw the prmpts t perfrm calibratin at the end f the jumper cable r adapter. Learn mre abut Calibratin n page Cnnect the cable t be tested. Lw-level standing waves (als als knwn as ripple ) which may be visible in reflectin measurements, can hide the actual lss f the cable. Steps 10 thrugh 13 can minimize the ripple. Perfrm the measurement with and withut steps 10 thrugh 13 and chse the methd with the least amunt f ripple. 10. Cnnect a LOAD at the end f the cable t be tested. This limits the reflectins t faults that are lcated in the cable under test. 11. Press Trace 6 then Data->Mem t stre the trace int Memry. 40 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

41 12. Remve the LOAD and leave the end f the cable t be tested pen. 13. Press Data Math then Data Mem. The ripple in the measurement is remved. These minr imperfectins in the cable shuld nt be cnsidered in the Cable Lss measurement. 14. Use Averaging t remve randm nise frm high-lss measurements. Press BW 2 then Average. The displayed trace shws the Cable Lss values in ne directin thrugh the cable. A Return Lss measurement wuld shw the lss fr bth dwn the cable and back. Therefre, a Cable Lss measurement is the same as a Return Lss measurement divided by 2. The average Cable Lss acrss the specified frequency range is shwn n the screen belw the graticules. 2-Prt Insertin Lss Measurements A 2-prt Insertin Lss measurement is used t measure the lss thrugh a DUT (device under test) r cable ver a specified frequency range. The FieldFx signal surce is transmitted ut the PORT 1 cnnectr, thrugh the DUT, and int the PORT 2 cnnectr. Bth ends f the DUT must be cnnected t the FieldFx., either directly r indirectly using a jumper cable r adapter. Insertin lss simply means lss thrugh a device, usually expressed in db. It is exactly the same measurement as S21 Transmissin in NA Mde. 2-prt Insertin Lss measurements are generally mre accurate than 1-prt Cable Lss measurements. Hw t make a 2-prt Insertin Lss Measurement 1. Press Mde then CAT. 2. Then Mre then Insertin Lss (2-Prt). 3. Press Freq/Dist and enter Start and Stp frequency values f the measurement. 4. Press Sweep 3, then select a Reslutin setting. 5. Press Cal 5, then perfrm a calibratin. Learn mre n page Cnnect the DUT and view the insertin lss measurement results. When measuring very lng lengths f cable, it may be necessary t increase the sweep time. Learn mre abut measuring lng cable lengths at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: CAT (Cable and Antenna Test) Mde - Optin

42 DTF (Distance t Fault) Measurements CAT Mde Distance t Fault (DTF) measurements are generally used t lcate prblems, r faults, in a length f cable r transmissin line. In this chapter, the cable t be tested is referred t as the DUT (Device Under Test). Settings that are NOT unique t DTF measurements are dcumented in the CAT Mde chapter n page 19. In this Chapter Hw t make DTF Measurements DTF Start and Stp Distance DTF Units Bandpass Mde Cable Specificatins Windw Settings Alternate Sweep DTF Settings Page Abut Alias Faults Optinal settings Markers Limit Lines Save Measurement Settings and Results Trace Math is NOT available in DTF Measurements. Hw t make DTF Measurements Befre starting, yu may need the fllwing: Jumper cable r adapter t cnnect the beginning f the DUT t the FieldFx. LOAD with crrect cnnectr type and gender t terminate the end f the DUT (if pssible). The knwn length and cable type f the DUT. If the cable type is nt knwn, then the Cable Lss (db/meter) and Velcity Factr f the DUT are required. 1. Cnnect any necessary jumper cable r adapter t the FieldFx PORT 1. D NOT cnnect the DUT. 2. Press Preset then Preset t return the FieldFx t the default settings. 3. Then Mde then CAT. 4. Then Distance T Fault. 5. Press Freq/Dist, then Stp Distance and enter the length f the DUT. Yu can ptinally set the Start Distance. 6. Press Cal 5 and fllw the Cal prmpts. Learn all abut Calibratin n page N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

43 7. Discnnect any cmpnents r antenna that shuld NOT be measured and cnnect a LOAD at the end f the DUT. 8. Press Meas Setup 4 then DTF Cable Specificatins. 9. Either press Recall Cax Cable, r enter the Velcity Factr and Cable Lss f the DUT. 10. Cnnect the start end f the DUT t the FieldFx. 11. Press Meas Setup 4 then Settings then Next Page. If the Alias-free Range setting is False, then yu may see Alias faults n the screen. Learn mre n page 49. DTF Measurement Settings Yu can set and view all f the DTF settings, including sme calculated values, n the DTF Settings page. Learn mre n page 49. DTF Measurement (Frmat) Yu can select frm 3 different DTF Frmats. Press Measure 1 Then chse frm: Distance t Fault (db) Faults are displayed n the Y-axis in return lss frmat, expressed as a psitive number in db. DTF (VSWR) Faults are displayed n the Y-axis in SWR. Learn mre abut SWR at the FieldFx Supplemental Online User s Guide: Mre then DTF Lin Faults are displayed n the Y-axis in linear (unitless) frmat. DTF Start and Stp Distance In DTF measurements, yu set the physical length f cable r ther device t be tested. The FieldFx calculates the frequency range f the measurement frm this distance. The lnger the cable t be tested, the lwer the frequencies that are used. Yu can als set the frequencies manually using the Frequency Mde [Bandpass] setting. Hw t set Start and Stp Distance With a DTF measurement present, press Freq/Dist. Then chse frm the fllwing: Start Distance Enter a value using the numeric keypad, the arrws, r the rtary knb, then Enter. By default, the Start Distance is set t 0 Meters. This means that the measurement will display faults starting at the pint at which calibratin standards are cnnected. Stp Distance Enter a value between the start distance and 5 km (r 16,404 ft.) using the numeric keypad, the arrws, r the rtary knb, then Enter. DTF (Distance t Fault) Measurements 43

44 DTF Units By default, X-axis units fr DTF measurement settings are displayed in Meters. Hw t change DTF units With a DTF measurement present, press Freq/Dist. Then DTF Units. The current selectin is underlined m (meters) Feet. Frequency Mde All DTF measurements are made with frequency settings and, using Inverse Fast Furier Transfrm (IFFT), the time and distance t faults are calculated. Hw t set Frequency Mde With a DTF measurement present, Press Meas Setup 4 Then Frequency Mde Chse ne f the fllwing: Lwpass Mde The frequency range f a DTF measurement is set autmatically based n the Start and Stp Distances. Use Lwpass mde when the DUT is a cable ONLY. Bandpass Mde (Default setting) The frequency range f a DTF measurement is set manually. Use Bandpass mde when the DUT cntains a diplexer r ther filtering device which des nt pass sme frequencies. Typically, yu will set the frequency range f the measurement t the passband f the filter. Hwever, yu may als want t test the ability f the filter t reject unwanted frequencies. In this case, set the frequency range t include thse frequencies which the filter may nt be adequately rejecting. When the DTF frequencies are set manually, they may nt be the ptimum frequencies fr measuring the distance t fault. The distance may n lnger be alias-free. Learn mre abut alias-free range n page 49. Hw t manually set Frequencies in Bandpass Mde Press Freq/Dist Then Min Start Freq and type the start f the frequency range t use fr the DTF measurement. Then Max Stp Freq and type the stp frequency t use fr the DTF measurement. OR Press Mre Then Max Freq Span and type the frequency range t use fr the DTF measurement. 44 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

45 Then Center Frequency and type the center frequency f the range t use fr the DTF measurement. These settings specify the minimum and maximum frequencies t be used fr the DTF measurement. These exact frequencies may nt be used, but a narrwer frequency range may be used that will still pass thrugh the bandpass filter. T see the frequencies that are used in the DTF measurement, press Meas Setup 4 then Settings then Next Page. The calculated Start and Stp frequencies determine the exact frequency range being used. Cable (Crrectin) Specificatins By default, the FieldFx des NOT crrect DTF measurements t accunt fr the inherent lss f a cable. Hwever, t make mre accurate DTF measurements, the Cable Lss and Velcity Factr values shuld be cnsidered. Abut Velcity Factr and Cable Lss Velcity Factr is a prperty f the physical material f a cable. A VF f 1.0 crrespnds t the speed f light in a vacuum, r the fastest VF pssible. A plyethylene dielectric cable has VF = 0.66 and a cable with Tefln dielectric has VF = 0.7. Cable Lss is specified in db/meter. In additin t the length f the cable, lss is als directly prprtinal t the frequency f the signal that passes thrugh the cable. The fllwing is an example shwing hw DTF cable crrectin wrks: The DUT is a 100 meter transmissin cable. The Cable Lss value is.1 db/meter. This means that a signal traveling ONE WAY thrugh the cable will lse 10 db f pwer (100 m *.1dB/m). Because the FieldFx perfrms this measurement with 1 prt, the test signal travels dwn the cable and then back, fr a ttal lss f 20 db. After a calibratin has been perfrmed, fr the purpse f illustrating this pint, cnnect an OPEN t the end f the cable a maximum-sized fault - fr 100% reflectin f the 300 MHz test signal. Withut cmpensatin fr the lss f the cable, a 20 db respnse wuld be visible at 100 meters, which is the OPEN at the end f the DUT. This is frm 10 db f lss thrugh the cable in each directin. With cmpensatin fr the lss using the manufacturer s specificatin, the FieldFx cmpensates the trace as thugh the signal traveling thrugh 100 meters was increased by +20 db. Therefre the respnse will shw 0 db fr 100% reflectin. Hw t enter Cable Lss and Velcity Factr Cable Lss and Velcity factr can be entered using ne f the fllwing methds: Manually enter cable lss and velcity factr fr the measurement. Select r create a cable file which cntains the cable lss and velcity factr. With a DTF measurement present: Press Meas Setup 4. DTF (Distance t Fault) Measurements 45

46 Then DTF Cable Specificatins Select Cable Crr Then: Aut Use Cable Lss and Velcity Factr values frm a Cable file. See Hw t Edit, Save, and Recall a Cable File belw. This will verwrite a manuallyentered value. Man Manually enter a value fr Cable Lss and Velcity Factr. Velcity Factr Using the numeric keypad, enter a value between 0.01 and 1. Then press Enter. Cable Lss Using the numeric keypad, enter a psitive Cable Lss value in db/m, then press Enter. Hw t Edit a Cable File The FieldFx includes many predefined cable files with the manufacturer s specificatins. Yu can edit these files r create new cable files using the fllwing prcedure r using the FieldFx Data Link Sftware. Learn mre at: The Cable crrectin data survives a Mde Preset and Preset. With a DTF measurement present: Press Meas Setup 4 Then DTF Cable Specificatins Then Edit/Save/Recall Cables Press New then Yes t clear all data frm the existing DTF Cable table and reset header infrmatin t default settings. Then Edit Cable t pen the Cable Editr. Then use the arrws t select a field, When editing Cable Descriptin infrmatin, press Edit then mdify the selected field using the FieldFx labeler. When editing Frequency/Lss pairs, enter numbers using the numeric keypad, then select a frequency suffix. Then Enter. Learn mre abut Hw the Freq/Lss pairs are applied belw. Optinally chse frm the fllwing: Previus / Next Page Quickly scrlls thrugh pages f Freq/Lss data. Add Data Add a blank Freq/Lss pair t the table, Delete/Clear then: Delete Line Remve the selected Freq/Lss pair frm the table. Clear All then Yes Remve all Freq/Lss pairs frm the table and resets header infrmatin t default settings. Press Dne t clse the Cable Editr. 46 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

47 Hw t Save r Recall a Cable Press Save Cable t saves yur changes t the specified Strage Device. Enter a filename using the FieldFx labeler (learn mre n page 88). Learn mre abut Cable files belw. Press Recall Cable t lad a Cable file frm the specified Strage Device. Strage Device Changes the device used t save r recall Cable files. This is a different setting frm the Strage Device setting n the Save/Recall menu. Chse frm Internal (default setting), USB (must be cnnected) r SD card. Abut Cable files Cable files are saved t, and recalled frm, the Cables flder. If the flder des nt already exist n a USB r SD card, it is created autmatically befre string the file. Cable files are stred as *.xml files. Existing cable files that are preladed int the FieldFx firmware can be verwritten. Yur edited file will NOT be verwritten when firmware is updated. Hw the Freq/Lss pairs are applied When the cable file cntains ne Freq/Lss pair, that crrectin value is applied t the entire displayed frequency span. When the cable file cntains tw r mre Freq/Lss pairs, the Lss value that is used is interplated frm the Freq/Lss pairs and the DTF center frequency. Fr example, using a cable file with the fllwing Freq/Lss pairs: 1 GHz: 0.1 db/m 2 GHz: 0.2 db/m The center frequency fr the measurement is determined frm the calculated (Stp Start) frequency values (seen n the secnd page f DTF Settings): Calculated Start = 2.0 MHz Calculated Stp = GHz Center Freq = 1.80 GHz The Lss value fr the measurement is interplated frm the Freq/Lss pairs at the Center Freq: 1 GHz = 0.1 db/m 1.8 GHz = 0.18 db/m 2 GHz = 0.2 db/m The crrectin fr lss at 5 meters in ne directin: 0.18 db/m * 5m = 0.9 db. All DTF measurements crrect fr lss fr travel dwn the DUT and back, s duble the crrectin: 0.9 db * 2 = 1.8 db. Windw Settings Windw settings prvide the ability t chse between ptimizing DTF measurements fr reslving clsely-spaced faults r fr the ability t measure lw-level faults. DTF (Distance t Fault) Measurements 47

48 Hw t select Windw settings Press Meas Setup 4. Then Settings. Then press arrws t mve t the Windw rw. Then press Edit. Then press Windw repeatedly and chse frm the fllwing: Maximum Optimized fr dynamic range, the nise flr is lwered t prvide the ability t measure lw-level respnses. (Default setting) Medium Cmprmise between Min and Max windw settings. Minimum Best Respnse Reslutin, prviding the ability t reslve between tw clsely-spaced respnses. Then press Dne Edit. Again press Dne. Alternate Sweep Available ONLY in a Return Lss & DTF measurement. With Alternate Sweep ON, tw independent sweeps are perfrmed: Return Lss measurement sweep (Tp plt). DTF measurement sweep (Bttm plt). With Alternate Sweep OFF, nly ne sweep is made fr bth the Return Lss and DTF measurement. Hw t set Alternate Sweep Press Mde then CAT. Then Return Lss & DTF. Then Meas Setup 4. Then Alternate Sweep ON OFF. With Alternate Sweep ON, the Start and Stp frequency settings can be changed frm the settings that are required t make the DTF measurement. Hwever, the DTF measurement cntinues t be made using the frequencies that are dictated by the DTF Bandpass Mde setting. Learn mre n page 44. If a calibratin is perfrmed, it is applied t bth sweeps. Hw t set Start and Stp Frequency with Alternate Sweep ON Press Freq/Dist. Then Start Frequency and Stp Frequency. Fllw each by entering a value using the numeric keypad, arrws, r the rtary knb. 48 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

49 After using the arrws r the rtary knb, press Enter. The increment setting f the arrws is based n the current span and can NOT be changed in CAT Mde. After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page 18. DTF Settings Page Yu can set and view all f the DTF settings, including sme calculated values, n the DTF Settings page. Press Meas Setup 4. Then Settings. Then press arrws t mve t a setting. If the setting can be changed, the Edit key is available. Calculated DTF values Press Next Page t view the fllwing calculated values: c - Start Frequency Start frequency that is used t calculate DTF. c - Stp Frequency Stp frequency that is used t calculate DTF. c - Range Reslutin. Indicates the accuracy f the distance t fault measurement. Fr example, with range reslutin f 500 mm, if the distance t fault is 10 meters, this value culd be inaccurate by +/- 500 mm r between 9.5 t 10.5 meters. This value is calculated frm frequency span / reslutin (pints). Respnse Reslutin, nt displayed, indicates the distance that culd be between tw faults and still shw as separate faults. Learn mre in Windw Settings n page 45. c Maximum Distance. The distance that culd be viewed with the current settings. Defined by: Vf*c*Pints/(2*Bandwidth) where: Vf = velcity factr c = speed f light Pints = reslutin Bandwidth = frequency range c Alias-free Range (True/False) ON = N Alias images OFF = Alias images MAY appear in the respnse. Abut Alias Faults An alias fault is nt a true device respnse. An alias fault appears because f the methd used t cnvert frequency t time. On the DTF Settings page (abve) the c - Alias-free Range = Off setting indicates alias images MAY appear n the screen. Shrter stp distances (less than 10 meters) and a higher reslutin (1001 pints) will be mre likely t result in Alias-free Range = Off. DTF (Distance t Fault) Measurements 49

50 When the Alias-free Range = Off, the fllwing prcedure will help t determine if a respnse is true r an alias respnse: 1. Put a marker n the respnse in questin and nte the distance t the fault. 2. Change the start r stp distance. A true fault respnse will nt mve in distance. That is, if a true fault is present at 10.3 meters, changing the stp distance frm 15 m t 20 m will nt mve the fault; the fault will remain at 10.3 meters. Hwever, an alias respnse will appear t mve. An un-terminated cable (with NO perfect lad at the end) will shw faults that appear t be beynd the end f the cable. These are NOT alias faults. These faults appear as the signal reflects ff the pen at the end f the cable and travels back dwn the cable tward the cnnectin at the FieldFx. Re-reflectins are measured at the FieldFx as mirrr images f the riginal faults. The largest fault is the pen end f the cable. T avid cnfusin, set the Stp distance shrtly after that fault. 50 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

51 Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes Calibratin remves the systematic errrs that are assciated with measurements in NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes. Key presses are identical in all f these Mdes. In this Chapter Why and When t Calibrate Definitins CalReady Hw t Perfrm a Calibratin QuickCal Mechanical Cal Respnse Cal View Cal Calibratin Type Interplatin Questinable Accuracy Cmpatible Mde Calibratins Save a Calibratin CalReady Prperties Verify Calibratin Calibratin Methd Summary See Als Learn Hw t Make 75 hm Measurements at the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: Why and When t Calibrate There are well-defined and understd systematic errrs that are measured and calculated during the calibratin prcess. These errrs are caused by leakage signals inside the FieldFx, by the frequency respnse f the FieldFx receivers, and by reflectins inside the FieldFx that interact with the DUT. After calibratin, these errrs are remved frm subsequent measurements. T maintain highest measurement accuracy, perfrm a new calibratin when any f the fllwing changes ccur: When any f the fllwing measurement settings change: Frequency Range, Pwer Level, IF BW, and Reslutin. Therefre, make these measurement settings befre calibrating. Increased Averaging, lwer IF BW, and higher Reslutin all cause slwer sweeps and slwer calibratin times. Learn abut Interplatin and Questinable Accuracy n page 59. When the FieldFx temperature changes mre than abut 10 F (5 C). Learn hw t mnitr the internal temperature n page 12. When the cnnectin t the DUT changes, requiring a different jumper cable r adapter. Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes 51

52 Definitins DUT (Device Under Test) The cable, antenna, transmissin line, amplifier, r anything else that is cnnected t the FieldFx that is t be measured. Calibratin Standards - OPEN, SHORT, LOAD, and THRU OPEN, SHORT, and LOAD are reflectin standards that are used during calibratin. When an RF signal hits these cmpnents, the signals are reflected in a predictable manner. These cmpnents can als be used t terminate a DUT prt during sme measurements. SHORT and OPEN standards bth cause 100% f an RF signal t be reflected. The difference between these tw standards is what happens t the phase f the reflected signal, which is beynd the scpe f this discussin. Althugh an OPEN standard is a precisin cmpnent, simply leaving nthing cnnected at the end f a cable can be a reasnable substitute fr an OPEN. A LOAD standard absrbs almst ALL f the incident signal and very little signal is reflected back t the surce. A THRU standard is used during sme calibratin steps t cnnect PORT 1 t PORT 2 in place f the DUT. A Flush THRU cnnectin can be made when cables that cnnect with the DUT can mate with each ther. Learn mre n page 57. Otherwise, any reasnably shrt cable can be used as a THRU standard. Calibratin Reference Plane is the pint (r pints) at which the DUT and cal standards are cnnected during a calibratin. This can be at the FieldFx test prt cnnectrs, r at the end f jumper cables r adapters. CalReady Every FieldFx cntains a factry calibratin that was perfrmed at the prt 1 and prt 2 cnnectrs ver the entire frequency range f the FieldFx using a number f data pints that allws reasnable interplatin ver the FieldFx frequency range. This calibratin, knwn as CalReady, allws yu t immediately make accurate measurements fr a DUT that is cnnected directly at the test prts (PORT 1 and/r PORT 2). CalReady crrects measurements when the FieldFx is turned ON, when Preset is pressed, and when a measurement is created with n ther crrectin in place. When measuring a DUT using a jumper cable r adapter - NOT a direct cnnectin t a test prt cnnectr then fr highest accuracy a QuickCal r Mechanical Cal is recmmended. CalReady can als be used t check the integrity f the jumper cable that is attached t the test prts. CalRdy is shwn when a measurement is crrected using CalReady. Yu can change the prperties f the CalReady calibratin. Learn mre n page 60. Hw t Perfrm a Calibratin In CAT, NA, r VVM Mde, press Cal 5. The fllwing appears: 52 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

53 Chse Calibratin Methd screen NOTE Respnse Cal Used t quickly calibrate ONE measurement using mechanical standards. Measurement accuracy is generally lw. Learn mre n page 56. Quick Cal (Optin 112) Using built-in cal standards, quickly and accurately cal measurements when using a jumper cable r adapter t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx test prts. Learn mre n page 53. Mechanical Cal Using mechanical cal standards frm a cal kit, perfrm an accurate calibratin at ne r bth test prts, adapters, r jumper cables. Learn mre n page 54. Cal ON OFF Turns ON and OFF the effects f a calibratin that yu perfrmed. The OFF state reverts t CalReady which can never be turned OFF. View Cal Shws the prperties f the current calibratin. Learn mre n page 57. Mre Learn abut Cal Ready Prperties n page 60. Press Esc at any time t end the calibratin prcess. QuickCal (Optin 112) QuickCal is ideal fr calibrating measurements when using a jumper cable r adapter t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx test prts. QuickCal crrects fr phase shift, time delay, and lss f adapters r jumper cables. Hw t perfrm a QuickCal In CAT, NA, r VVM Mde, press Cal 5. Then QuickCal Press Change DUT Cnnectrs t select the crrect cnnectr types that are n yur DUT. Althugh there is n Cal Kit required, selecting the cnnectr type and gender frm the list prvides an accurate OPEN mdel which means a mre accurate calibratin. If the DUT cnnectr type is nt listed, select Unknwn/Other. Fr each DUT prt: Select the cnnectr type f the DUT using the arrws r rtary knb. Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes 53

54 Press Change Gender t change the gender f the DUT cnnectr. Then press Next t make the selectin. Select/Change Cal Type. The FieldFx always RECOMMENDS a Cal Type that will quickly and accurately calibrate all f the displayed S-parameters. The ther Cal Types that are listed will NOT necessarily calibrate all f the displayed S-parameters. Learn mre abut Cal Types n page 57. Using the arrws r rtary knb, select a Cal Type, then press Select and Finish. Press Start Calibratin N Cnnectin Discnnect the DUT frm the FieldFx. If a jumper cable r adapter is required t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx, cnnect thse cmpnents t the FieldFx test prts cnnectrs. The effects f thse cmpnents will be measured and remved during the calibratin, and nly the effects f the DUT will be displayed in the measurement results. These shuld be high-quality cmpnents! D NOT cnnect anything at the cal reference plane where the DUT cnnects. Press Measure Optinally Cnnect Lad(s) Optinally cnnect a LOAD standard at the pint where the DUT will be cnnected. Then press Measure. Attach and measure Lads when: A jumper cable r adapter is used t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx. Measuring a DUT with gd match (return lss > 15 db). Otherwise, r when making DTF measurements, press Skip Step. Measuring a lad wuld d little t imprve accuracy. Cnnect THRU (Nt used fr 1-prt cals) Cnnect prt 1 t prt 2, either by mating the cnnectrs that attach t the DUT (Flush THRU), r by using a shrt jumper cable. Learn mre abut Flush THRU n page 57. Then press Measure. Press Finish. CAL ON Q is shwn n the screen fr all displayed measurements that are crrected with QuickCal. Mechanical Cal Mechanical Calibratin is perfrmed using discrete standards frm a Cal Kit. Several Cal Kit definitins are built int the FieldFx. Fr a cmplete list f supprted Cal Kits, see the FieldFx specificatins, beginning n page N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

55 NOTE Yu can edit these Cal Kit definitins r add a new Cal Kit using the DataLink sftware, available at: Mechanical Cals are extremely accurate when perfrmed using the crrect Cal Kits with standards that are clean and in gd repair, and when using crrect cnnectin prcedures. Hw t perfrm a Mechanical Cal Discnnect the DUT frm the FieldFx. If a jumper cable r adapter is required t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx, then cnnect thse cmpnents t the FieldFx cnnectrs. The effects f thse cmpnents will be measured and remved during the calibratin, and nly the effects f the DUT will be displayed in the measurement results. These shuld be high-quality cmpnents! In NA, CAT, r VVM Mde, press Cal 5. Then Mechanical Cal This page summarizes the Mechanical Cal t be perfrmed and allws yu t make changes. Fr best results, review the screen and make changes in the fllwing rder: 1. S-parameters Verify that these are all f the S-parameters that yu want calibrated. If nt, press Esc t terminate the calibratin prcess, then return t the Trace menu t display all f the traces t be calibrated. Learn hw n page DUT Cnnectrs Fr each DUT prt that is shwn, verify the crrect type and gender f the DUT cnnectr. If a DUT prt is nt shwn, then that prt is nt included in the list f S-parameters t be calibrated. 3. Cal Kit - Verify the crrect Cal Kit fr each DUT prt t be calibrated. See a list f supprted Cal Kits n page Errr! Bkmark nt defined.. If the DUT cnnectr type, gender, r Cal Kit is NOT crrect fr the DUT prts t be calibrated, then: Press Change DUT Cnnectrs t select the crrect cnnectr types that are n yur DUT. Fr each prt: Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes 55

56 Use the arrws r rtary knb t change the DUT cnnectr type. Press Change Gender t change the gender f the DUT cnnectr. Then press Next t make the selectins. Fr each prt: Use the arrws r rtary knb t select the Cal Kit that yu have, and are ging t use, fr the specified prts. Then press Next t make the selectin. 4. Calibratin Type - The FieldFx always RECOMMENDS a Cal Type that will quickly and accurately calibrate all f the displayed S-parameters. Change frm the RECOMMENDED Cal Type ONLY if yu understand the implicatins. Learn mre abut Cal Types n page 57. T select a different Cal Type: Press Change Cal Type. Then using the arrws r rtary knb, select a Cal Type, Then press Select and Finish. Press Start Calibratin. Fllw the Cal Wizard prmpts. Cnnect the specified standard at the pint where the DUT will be cnnected, then press Measure. At any time, press Back t Re-Measure a standard if yu feel it was nt prperly cnnected. Press Finish t cmplete the calibratin. CAL ON U is shwn n the screen fr all displayed measurements that are crrected with the Mechanical Cal. Respnse Cals Respnse Cals are used t quickly calibrate the magnitude (nt phase) f a measurement using mechanical standards. Measurement accuracy is generally lw. Use a Respnse Cal t make quick measurements when using a jumper cable t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx. Otherwise, CalReady is usually mre accurate. NOTE Yu can perfrm a Respnse Cal fr either: S11, S22, r S21 AND S12. When prmpted, chse a standard based n the displayed measurements t be calibrated. Fr example, t calibrate S11, cnnect either an OPEN r SHORT standard t the prt 1 reference plane. Nrmalize uses a THRU standard r cable between prt 1 and prt 2 t cal an S21 and S12 Transmissin measurement (NA Mde) and a 2-prt Insertin Lss measurement (CAT Mde). In VVM Mde, this is perfrmed using Zer. Hw t perfrm a Respnse Cal Select the measurements t be calibrated. See the relevant Mde (NA, CAT, r VVM) fr measurement selectins. Press Cal 5 then Respnse Cal Fr 1-prt measurements: 56 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

57 NOTE Select either Open Respnse r Shrt Respnse fr the prt t be calibrated. Prt 2 is available nly with Optin 122. Cnnect an OPEN r SHORT standard t the specified prt and press Measure Fr 2-prt measurements: Select Nrmalizatin Cnnect a shrt, high-quality, phase stable cable between the FieldFx prt 1 and prt 2 cnnectrs, then press Measure With a Nrmalizatin Cal, all subsequent insertin lss measurements are made relative t the insertin lss f the THRU cable. Fr example, if yu use a cable with 1 db f lss, then after Nrmalizatin, the display will shw 0 db f lss with this cable in place. Therefre, fr highest accuracy, when measuring the DUT als attach the cable that was used in the nrmalizatin cal. Press Finish. Cnnect the DUT. CAL ON U is shwn n the screen when a Respnse Cal is crrecting ONLY the apprpriate measurement. View Cal Frm the Chse Calibratin screen (page 52), press View Cal t see the fllwing screen: The tp bx shws the prperties f the current calibratin that yu perfrmed and the displayed S-parameters that it is crrecting. The bttm bx shws the S-parameters that are displayed but NOT crrected by the current perfrmed calibratin, but rather the CalReady calibratin. Learn mre abut CalReady n page 52. Calibratin Type The FieldFx simplifies the calibratin prcess by recmmending the mst accurate and efficient calibratin type based n the displayed S-parameters. Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes 57

58 Hwever, there may be times when yu may want a little mre accuracy r a little faster sweep time. The fllwing infrmatin can help yu learn abut the varius calibratin chices. Definitins: Nn-insertable DUT A device whse cnnectrs culd NOT mate tgether. They either d nt have the same type f cnnectr r they have the same gender. This als means that the test prt cables culd NOT mate tgether as in the abve diagram. Insertable DUT A device whse cnnectrs culd mate tgether. They have the same type f cnnectr and ppsite r n gender. This als means that the test prt cables culd mate tgether, as in the abve diagram. Flush THRU - When the test prt cables mate tgether when measuring an Insertable DUT. The THRU standard has n lss and n electrical length. Sweep Directins Bth FULL 2-Prt Cals listed belw result in crrectin that requires backgrund measurements sweeps in bth directins, regardless f the displayed measurements. The displayed traces are updated at a slwer rate than Enhanced Respnse and 1-prt calibratins, which require sweeps in ne directin nly. FULL 2-Prt (Available with Optin 122). Mst cmprehensive calibratin. Crrects all S-parameters. DUT: Nn-Insertable r Insertable Standards: OPEN, SHORT, LOAD n BOTH prts. Any THRU between prts. Fr mre infrmatin n the Unknwn Thru prcess, see the FieldFx Supplemental User s Guide: Sweeps in BOTH directins. FULL 2-Prt (QSOLT) Mechanical Cal ONLY (Available with Optin 122) Quicker t perfrm than Full 2-prt. Crrects all S-parameters. DUT: Insertable nly Standards: OPEN, SHORT, LOAD n prt 1. Flush THRU between prts. Sweeps in BOTH directins. Enhanced Respnse Cal (Frward OR Reverse with Optin 122) Faster measurements than Full 2-Prt. DUT: Insertable nly S-parameters Crrected: S21 and S11 (Frward) OR S12 and S22 (Reverse) Standards: OPEN, SHORT, LOAD n ONE prt. Flush THRU between prts. 58 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

59 Sweeps in ONE directin. 1-Prt (OSL) DUT: Nt Applicable S-parameters Crrected: S11 r S22 Standards: OPEN, SHORT, LOAD Sweeps in ONE directin. Interplatin * Highest measurement accuracy is achieved when the frequency range r reslutin settings remain the same during the measurement as when the FieldFx was calibrated. If these settings change after perfrming a calibratin, the FieldFx will interplate the calibratin s that VERY accurate measurements cntinue t be made. Interplated Calibratins are nly slightly less accurate than a calibratin perfrmed at the measurement settings. Learn mre abut the relative accuracy f FieldFx calibratins n page 61. When a calibratin that yu perfrmed is being interplated, an asterisk is added t the Cal anntatin. Fr example: Cal ON U* is shwn n the screen when the current Respnse r Mechanical cal is being interplated. An * is never added t a CalRdy. Cal ON? Questinable Accuracy When the Output Pwer, Interference Rejectin, r IF BW (NA Mde ONLY) setting is changed AFTER perfrming a calibratin, a questin mark is added t the Cal anntatin. Fr example: Cal ON Q?. is shwn n the screen when the current QuickCal is being interplated. An? is never added t CalRdy. The resulting measurement accuracy depends n hw much the setting has changed. Fr highest accuracy, recalibrate using the new settings. Cmpatible Mde Calibratins The FieldFx can have nly ONE calibratin present fr all mdes (except CalReady). Calibrating in ne mde will verwrite calibratins fr ther mdes. Because NA, CAT, and VVM mdes are very similar, a calibratin that is perfrmed in ne mde can als be applied in the ther mdes. T apply a Cal, select a mde that is different frm the mde in which the Cal was perfrmed. Then press Cal 5 then Cal ON. Save the Calibratin After perfrming any type f calibratin, yu can save the FieldFx settings alng with the calibratin int a STATE (*.sta) file. These settings and calibratin can then be recalled as necessary. T learn hw, see Saving and Recalling Files n page 88. Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes 59

60 CalReady Prperties There are several factry CalReady calibratins n every FieldFx. These can be selected based n the type f DUT that yu measure mst ften, and the cmprmise that yu prefer t make between measurement speed versus measurement accuracy. Remember, CalReady was perfrmed at the test prts. Therefre, a CalReady calibratin is mst accurate when the DUT is cnnected t the test prts. Learn mre abut CalReady n page 52. This setting des NOT survive Preset r Pwer ON/OFF. Press Cal 5 then Mre Then chse frm: CalRdy 2-Prt Enh Respn Full 2-Prt Cal Crrects all fur S-parameters. Requires a frward and reverse sweep, which causes slwer trace measurements. Learn why n page 57. Enhanced Respnse (default) Crrects frward (S21 and S11) and reverse (S12 and S22) measurements separately. Therefre, when measurements in nly ne directin are required, this chice prvides faster trace measurements than a full 2-prt cal. Then chse frm the fllwing: Nn-Reciprcal (default) An amplifier is a Nn-Reciprcal device because it has gain in the frward directin, and very high lss (islatin) in the reverse directin. This chice prvides the best crrectin fr nnreciprcal devices, and reasnable crrectin fr reciprcal devices. Reciprcal A reciprcal DUT is a device in which the insertin lss thrugh the device is similar in bth the frward (S21) and reverse (S12) directins. A cable is a reciprcal device. This chice prvides the best crrectin fr reciprcal devices. Hwever, S11 measurements n nnreciprcal devices will appear t have mre return lss than the nnreciprcal chice. T find the best chice fr yur DUT: Press Preset then Preset. Select the apprpriate S-Parameter and ther settings (frequency range, reslutin, and s frth). Press Trace 6 then Math and Memry then Data->Mem. Press Data & Memry. Press Cal 5 then Mre Select a CalReady Cal t cmpare with the current setting. Press Esc t exit the cal menu. View the differences in the tw traces. Verifying Calibratin and Jumper Cable Integrity After calibrating, it is imprtant t verify that the calibratin is gd. When using a jumper cable, als verify that the cable is f high quality. 60 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

61 Verify a Calibratin Cnnect a LOAD standard at the calibratin reference plane (where calibratin standards were cnnected). This may be at the end f the jumper cable r at FieldFx PORT 1 cnnectr. In CAT Mde, select Return Lss. In NA Mde, select S11 with Lg Mag frmat. Observe the trace n the FieldFx screen: Lwer than 35 db indicates a GOOD calibratin. Higher than 0 db indicates that yu shuld recalibrate. Verifying Phase Accuracy Cnnect a LOAD standard at the calibratin reference plane (where calibratin standards were cnnected). In NA Mde, select a S11 Reflectin with Plar r Smith Chart frmat. Because all LOAD standards have delay, yu shuld see a small amunt f phase rtatin as a functin f frequency. In general, the measurement result shuld agree with the characteristics f the calibratin standard. Test the Jumper Cable With the LOAD standard still cnnected, mve the jumper cable while bserving the trace. If the measurement trace is relatively stable, the jumper cable is f gd quality. If yu bserve significant mvement in the peaks f the measurement trace when mving the cable (>5 db), the jumper cable may need t be replaced. Calibratin Methd Summary Mechanical Full 2-prt Cal is ALWAYS the mst accurate Cal methd. The quality f a Mechanical Cal is cmpletely dependent n the quality f the OPEN, SHORT, LOAD standards and the quality f the standard cnnectins. Use the crrect high quality standards t ensure the mst accurate calibratin. QuickCal (Opt 122) QuickCal shuld be perfrmed when gd accuracy is required while using a jumper cable r adapter. During QuickCal, d NOT Skip Lad when measuring a DUT with gd match (Return Lss better than 15 db). CalReady is accurate ONLY when the DUT is cnnected at the test prts and mst accurate at rm temperature. Fr highest accuracy, a new QuickCal r Mechanical Cal shuld be perfrmed: When the temperature changes mre than abut 10 F (5 C) When the cnnectin t the DUT requires a different jumper cable r adapters. When any f the fllwing measurement settings change: Frequency Range, Pwer Level, IF BW, and Reslutin. Calibratin fr NA, CAT, and VVM Mdes 61

62 Pwer Meter Mde Pwer Meter measurements, available with Optin 302, are made with Agilent U2000 Series USB pwer sensrs. Pwer readings are displayed n the FieldFx screen. In this Chapter Supprted Pwer Sensrs Hw t Cnnect the Pwer Sensr Zering Set Frequency Set Scale Set Relative and Offset Pwer Set Display Units Set Averaging Single/Cntinuus Set Limits Supprted Pwer Sensrs NOTE Pwer Meter measurements are made using any f the Agilent U2000 Series USB Pwer Sensrs. The FieldFx des NOT supprt the fllwing U2000 Series features: External Triggering (Time Gated Burst Pwer Measurement), Pwer Sweep Operatin, and Frequency Sweep Operatin. 62 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

63 CAUTION Please bserve the damage level f yur U2000 Series Pwer Sensr. Typical damage levels f the U2000 Series Pwer Sensr are: +25 dbm (320 mw) average +33 dbm peak (2 W) <10μs +5V Hw t Cnnect the Pwer Sensr NOTE Cnnect yur U2000 Series Pwer Sensr t ne f the USB prts. Use an attenuatr between the DUT and the pwer sensr when measuring pwer levels that are higher than +20 dbm. The attenuatr value can be subtracted frm the measurement using the Offset feature, discussed n page 65. A sequence f status lights are displayed n the base f the pwer sensr. Green blinking light indicates the pwer sensr is cmmunicating r self-tests are being perfrmed. Because the FieldFx is usually cmmunicating with the pwer sensr when it is cnnected, this is the nrmal mde f peratin. Amber light indicates Internal Zering is being perfrmed. Red light indicates an errr has ccurred with the pwer sensr. Refer t pwer sensr dcumentatin. N light indicates the FieldFx is nt cmmunicating with the pwer sensr. This is the case when NOT in Pwer Meter Mde. Pwer Meter Settings Select Pwer Meter Mde befre making any setting in this sectin. Hw t select Pwer Meter Mde Press Mde_. Then Pwer Meter. Zering The Agilent USB Pwer Sensrs perfrm Internal Zering autmatically. Because the U2000 series pwer sensrs have an internal switch, Internal Zering des NOT require that the pwer surce be turned OFF. Fr highest measurement accuracy, when measuring pwer levels belw 30 dbm, External Zering shuld be perfrmed. During External Zering, the pwer surce MUST be turned OFF r the pwer sensr discnnected frm the pwer surce (device under test). Pwer is OFF when pwer sensr measurements are belw 60 dbm. When pwer higher than this is detected at the sensr, a warning message is shwn n the FieldFx and External Zering will nt prceed. Hw t perfrm External Zering Press Cal 5. Then External Zer. Pwer Meter Mde 63

64 While either Internal r External Zering is being perfrmed, Zering... is shwn n the FieldFx screen. While this message is present, d NOT make any changes t the FieldFx. In additin, nce External Zering has started, the pwer surce must be OFF fr the entire time that the Zering message is present. Otherwise, the calibratin will be cmprmised but NO warning is shwn. Frequency A table f crrectin factrs versus frequency is stred within the Agilent U2000 Series Pwer Sensrs. The frequency f the pwer t be measured is entered in the FieldFx s that the apprpriate crrectin factr can be used. The frequency f the pwer measurement is NOT limited by the frequency range f the FieldFx, but the frequency range f the pwer sensr, which can be much wider. Hw t enter frequency f the Pwer Measurement Press Freq/Dist r Meas Setup 4. Then Frequency. Then type a value using the numeric keypad. The default frequency is 50 MHz. Then press a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page 18. The current frequency is shwn n the FieldFx screen. Scale The scale f the Pwer Meter display can be set manually r autmatically. The majr and minr ticks are set autmatically and can NOT be changed. Althugh the scale settings are limited, yu can view measurements beynd these settings by perfrming Autscale. Hw t Scale the Pwer Meter display Manually: Press Scale / Amptd. Then chse frm the fllwing: Scale Min Sets the lw pwer level f the pwer meter display. Type a number and select the units r press Enter. This value is limited t 100 dbm. Scale Max Sets the high pwer level f the pwer meter display. Type a number and select the units r press Enter. This value is limited t 100 dbm. Autscale: Using Autscale, the current reading is used fr the center f the scale, and Min and Max values are set accrdingly. Press Scale / Amptd. 64 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

65 Then Mre. Then Autscale. Relative and Offset Pwer Measurements Pwer measurements can be made that are relative t anther reading r that are ffset by a fixed value. Use Relative t measure the difference between pwer levels. Use Offset t accunt fr cmpnents r a lng length f cable that is used befre the pwer sensr. Fr example, if using a 10 db attenuatr t prtect the FieldFx, enter an Offset Value f 10 t read the pwer as it wuld appear withut attenuatin. If using a 10 db amplifier, enter an Offset Value f 10 t read the pwer as it wuld appear withut amplificatin. Hw t set Relative and Offset Pwer Measurements Press Scale / Amptd. Then chse frm the fllwing: Relative On Off When switched t ON, the FieldFx measures and stres the current pwer level. Subsequent pwer measurements display a pwer level which is relative t the stred value. When relative is ON, the units change frm dbm t db r frm Watts t %. Offset On Off Tggles ON and OFF the displayed pwer level using the Offset value. Offset Val Value by which the pwer meter display is ffset. A psitive value cmpensates fr a cmpnent with lss. A negative value cmpensates fr a cmpnent with gain. Offset values are limited t +/- 100 db. Display Units Sets the Pwer Meter display t dbm r Watts. When making relative pwer measurements, these change t db and %. Hw t set Pwer Meter display units Press Meas Setup 4 r Scale / Amptd. Then Unit. Then chse frm the fllwing: dbm (db) Sets Pwer Meter display t dbm r db. Watt (%) Sets Pwer Meter display t Watts r %. Reslutin Sets the number f digits t display after the decimal pint n the digital pwer meter display. Pwer Meter Mde 65

66 Hw t set Reslutin Press Scale / Amptd. Then Mre. Then chse frm 0, 1, 2, r 3. Averaging Pwer Meter Averaging is used t imprve measurement accuracy in lw pwer r nisy pwer situatins. Increased averaging imprves measurement accuracy, but als reduces measurement speed. Hw t set Pwer Meter Averaging Press BW 2 r Meas Setup 4. Then chse frm the fllwing: Averaging Aut Man Off Aut Allws the USB Pwer Sensr t use its Aut Averaging settings. See the USB Pwer Sensr dcumentatin fr details. Man Manually enter an averaging cunt by setting Num Averages. OFF Perfrms NO averaging. Num Averages Sets the number f Pwer Meter readings t be averaged befre a valid reading is displayed. When a number is entered, Averaging is autmatically set t Man Single r Cntinuus Measure This setting determines whether the FieldFx measures cntinuusly r nly nce each time the Single buttn is pressed. Use Single t cnserve battery pwer r t allw yu t save r analyze a specific measurement. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Single r Cntinuus Press Sweep 3. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Single Autmatically sets Cntinuus OFF and causes FieldFx t make ONE measurement, then hld fr the next Single key press. When a data trace is displayed, the entire trace is measured, then hlds. The Hld anntatin changes t an arrw --> while the measurement ccurs. Cntinuus Makes cntinuus measurements. This is the typical setting when battery pwer is nt critical. Yu can als use Run / Hld +/- t tggle between Single and Cntinuus. 66 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

67 Limits In Pwer Meter Mde, Minimum and Maximum limits set a visible range f acceptable readings between these tw values. Readings that are belw the minimum r abve the maximum are clearly visible n the pwer meter display. Hw t set Limits Press Limit 8. Then chse frm the fllwing: Min Limit On Off Tggles the display f the Minimum limit ON and OFF. Min Limit Value Sets the Minimum limit pwer value. Pwer reading lwer than this will exceed the limit. Max Limit On Off Tggles the display f the Maximum limit ON and OFF. Max Limit Value Sets the Maximum limit pwer value. Pwer reading higher than this will exceed the limit. Pwer Meter Mde 67

68 VVM (Vectr Vltmeter) Mde VVM Mde (Optin 308) measures the electrical length f cables and ther devices. The 1-Prt Cable Trimming and 2-Prt Transmissin measurement displays the electrical length in bth Magnitude and Phase. Display fr the 1-Prt Cable Trimming measurement In this Chapter Overview VVM Calibratin Measurement Selectin Frequency Selectin Display Reslutin IF Bandwidth Output Pwer Averaging Single/Cntinuus Zering Prcedures 1-Prt Cable Trimming Measurement Prt Transmissin Measurement N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

69 Overview In the FieldFx, bth 1-prt and 2-prt measurement types use a different cnfiguratin setup frm the HP/Agilent 8508A Vectr Vltmeter. Typical 8508A measurement cnfiguratin as shwn in the 8508A manual. The abve blck diagram requires an external surce and directinal cupler t measure the electrical length f a DUT r cable t be trimmed. Separate paths are used t measure the Incident signal (A) and Reflected signal (B). T measure the rati f the Reflected/Incident signals, yu were required t select B/A fr bth the Magnitude and Phase display. In the fllwing FieldFx blck diagram, the surce and directinal cupler are inside the instrument. This allws yu t cnnect the DUT t ONLY the FieldFx PORT 1 with NO external instruments, in rder t make 1-Prt Cable Trimming measurements. FieldFx blck diagram The R receiver measures incident signal (green line) ut f the surce. The A receiver measures reflected signal (red line) frm the end f the DUT (black line). In VVM mde, the 1-Prt Cable Trimming display ALWAYS shws ratied (A/R) measurements which is the electrical length f the DUT. VVM (Vectr Vltmeter) Mde 69

70 VVM Calibratin Calibratin f a VVM Mde measurement can be accmplished using ne f several methds depending n the desired level f accuracy. The simplest methd is t use CalReady which is accurate at the test prt cnnectrs. CalReady des nt crrect fr the lss r delay f jumper cables r adapters that may be used t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx. Learn mre abut CalReady n page 52. The next simplest methd is t perfrm a Zering. Learn mre n page 73. When using jumper cables r adapters t cnnect the DUT t the FieldFx, the mst accurate methd is t perfrm a QuickCal r Mechanical Cal. Learn mre n page 51. Press Zer OFF befre calibrating. VVM Mde Settings NOTE Select VVM Mde befre making any setting in this sectin. In VVM Mde, the pwer level ut f the internal FieldFx surce is always apprximately +6 dbm and can NOT be changed. Hw t select VVM Mde Press Mde Then VVM Measurement Selectin Hw t select a VVM Measurement Press Measure 1 Then chse frm the fllwing: 1-Prt Cable Trimming 1-prt reflectin measurement. Learn hw t make this measurement n page Prt Transmissin 2-prt transmissin measurement. Learn hw t make this measurement n page 74. B/A and A/B 2-prt ratied receiver measurements using external surces. Learn mre n page 75. Frequency Selectin VVM measurements are made at a single CW frequency. Hw t set Frequency Press Freq/Dist Then Frequency Enter a value using the numeric keypad, the arrws, r the rtary knb. 70 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

71 After using the arrws r the rtary knb, press Enter. The increment setting f the arrws is based n the current span and can NOT be changed in VVM Mde. After using the keypad, select a multiplier key. Learn abut multiplier abbreviatins n page 18. Display Reslutin Yu can display either ne digit r tw digits after the decimal pint fr bth magnitude and phase readings. This setting survives a Preset and Mde Preset. Hw t set Reslutin Press Scale/Amptd Then Reslutin Then chse: (default) IF Bandwidth Reducing the IF receiver bandwidth reduces the effect f randm nise n a measurement. Hwever, narrwer IF bandwidths cause lnger measurement times. Fr highest accuracy, set IF BW befre calibrating. Hw t set IF BW Press BW 2 Then IF BW Then chse frm the fllwing: 300 Hz 1 khz 3 khz 10 khz 30 khz Output Pwer NOTE Set the pwer level ut f the FieldFx t either High pwer r Lw pwer. Generally, the high pwer level (default setting) is mre accurate because the receivers are measuring farther frm the nise flr. Hwever, sme devices are sensitive t high pwer levels. Use the Lw pwer setting when measuring amplifiers. T help prevent damage t yur DUT, when Output Pwer is changed in CAT r NA Mde, it is changed t the same value in VVM Mde. Hw t set Output Pwer Press Meas Setup 4 then Mre Then Output Pwer High Lw The underlined value is the current setting. High Sets utput pwer t apprximately +5 dbm. VVM (Vectr Vltmeter) Mde 71

72 Lw Sets utput pwer t apprximately 25 dbm. Averaging Averaging helps t reduce the effects f randm nise n a measurement. The FieldFx cmputes the displayed value ver several cnsecutive readings. Average cunt determines the number f readings t average. The higher the average cunt, the greater the amunt f nise reductin. An average cunter is shwn in the left edge f the screen as Avg N. This shws the number f previus readings that have been averaged tgether. When the cunter reaches the specified cunt, then a running average f the last N readings is displayed. Average cunt = 1 means there is NO averaging. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Averaging Press Meas Setup 4 Then Mre Then Average N where N is the current cunt setting. Enter a value using the numeric keypad. Enter 1 fr NO averaging. Press Enter. T restart the averaging prcess, press Meas Setup 4, then Mre, then Restart Single r Cntinuus Measure This setting determines whether the FieldFx measures cntinuusly r nly nce each time the Single buttn is pressed. Use Single t cnserve battery pwer r t allw yu t save r analyze a specific measurement. This setting can be changed at any time withut affecting calibratin accuracy. Hw t set Single r Cntinuus Press Sweep 3. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Single Autmatically sets Cntinuus OFF and causes the FieldFx t make ONE measurement, then hld fr the next Single key press. When a data trace is displayed, the entire trace is measured, then hlds. The Hld anntatin changes t an arrw --> while the measurement ccurs. Cntinuus Makes cntinuus measurements. This is the typical setting when battery pwer is nt critical. Yu can als use Run / Hld +/- t tggle between Single and Cntinuus. 72 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

73 Zering Zering, als knwn as Nrmalizatin, r Data/Memry, simply Zeres the Magnitude and Phase display when Zer is pressed. All subsequent measurements are relative t the measurement that was made when Zer was pressed. When perfrming a 1-Prt Cable Trimming peratin, a reference cable is cnnected and measured. Then Zer is pressed, and subsequent cables are measured and trimmed t match electrical length f the reference cable. Fr 2-prt measurements, Zer is typically pressed when a THRU cnnectin is made in place f a DUT. Learn mre n page 74. Press Zer OFF befre perfrming a QuickCal r Mechanical Cal. Hw t select Zering Press Meas Setup 4 Then Zer Press Zer OFF t turn zering ff. 1-Prt Cable Trimming Measurements A 1-Prt Cable Trimming measurement is used in a cable fabricatin prcedure t validate prper electrical length. Read the Overview sectin in this chapter t learn mre abut this measurement and the calibratin prcess. Hw t make a 1-Prt Cable Trimming Measurement NOTE 1. Press Mde then VVM then 1-Prt Cable Trimming. 2. Press Freq/Dist and enter the frequency fr the measurement. 3. Press Meas Setup 4 then Zer OFF. 4. Calibrate the FieldFx: (Learn mre abut VVM calibratin n page 70.) If using an adapter t cnnect the cables t the FieldFx, press Cal 5 then select either QuickCal r Mechanical Cal. Fllw the FieldFx calibratin prmpts. During calibratin, the measurement (S-parameter) is referred t as S11. If cnnecting the cables directly t the FieldFx test prt, CalReady is very accurate. 5. T ensure that the FieldFx is prperly calibrated, perfrm the fllwing ptinal Measurement Verificatin prcedure. This measurement verificatin prcedure is suitable fr lw frequency measurements. Hwever, fr high frequency measurements, a mre sphisticated prcedure is required. a. Cnnect a shrt standard t the PORT 1 calibratin plane (the lcatin where the calibratin was perfrmed). b. Press Meas Setup 4 and press Zer. c. Cnnect the pen standard t the FieldFx PORT 1 cnnectr. d. Cnfirm that magnitude measurement is less than 0.1 db and that the phase value reads 180 degrees. VVM (Vectr Vltmeter) Mde 73

74 6. Attach the shrtest cable t the FieldFx PORT 1 cnnectr. This cable is the reference cable. Leave the end f the reference cable pen (unterminated). 7. Press Meas Setup 4 then press Zer. 8. Remve the reference cable frm the FieldFx PORT 1 cnnectr. 9. Cnnect an unterminated, lnger cable t the FieldFx PORT 1 cnnectr. 10. Observe the displayed phase difference between the reference cable and the attached cable. 11. Carefully trim the cable until the phase shift reads zer. The attached cable s electrical length is nw matched t the reference cable. 12. Repeat steps 9 thrugh 11 fr the remaining cables t be trimmed. 2-Prt Transmissin Measurements A 2-Prt Transmissin measurement is used fr measuring electrical length, insertin lss, gain, r islatin f a DUT at a single CW frequency. The FieldFx signal surce is transmitted ut the prt 1 cnnectr, thrugh the DUT, and int the prt 2 cnnectr. In the fllwing image, the gain f an amplifier is being measured. 2-Prt Transmissin measurement f an amplifier Hw t make a 2-Prt Transmissin Measurement NOTE In VVM Mde, the pwer level ut f the internal FieldFx surce is always apprximately +6 dbm and can NOT be changed. This may be t much input pwer t an amplifier. 1. Press Mde then VVM then 2-Prt Transmissin. 2. Press Freq/Dist and enter the measurement frequency. 3. Calibrate the FieldFx using ne f the methds described n page 70. Befre perfrming a QuickCal r Mechanical Cal, press Meas Setup 4 then Zer OFF. 4. Cnnect the DUT. Ntes: The magnitude value is the gain (psitive value) r the lss (negative value) f the DUT. The phase value is the difference in phase (in degrees) between the DUT input and utput. T measure islatin f the amplifier, reverse the cnnectin t the amplifier (PORT 1 t the amplifier utput). 74 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

75 A/B and B/A Measurements These measurements allw yu t use the FieldFx A and B receivers, alng with an external surce, t make ratied measurements. Yu wuld d this if yur measurement requires the use f an external surce. The fllwing image shws a typical cnfiguratin fr a B/A magnitude and phase measurement f a 2-prt DUT. This DUT can be an antenna / prbe setup. Using netwrk analyzer terms, the image shws the A receiver as the reference receiver which measures the signal that is applied t the DUT. The B receiver is the test prt receiver which measures the DUT respnse. T calibrate fr this measurement, replace the DUT with a THRU cnnectin, preferably by cnnecting tgether tw Pwer Splitters (shwn in green belw). Fr lw frequency measurements, TEEs can be used. Then press Zer. B/A Transmissin measurement with external surce VVM (Vectr Vltmeter) Mde 75

76 Data Analysis Features The fllwing features can be used t analyze NA and CAT mde measurement results. In this Chapter All abut Markers Abut Delta Markers Marker Table Cupled Markers Marker Trace Marker Frmat Searching with Markers What Is a Peak Marker Functins All abut Limit Lines Hw t Save and Recall Limits All abut Trace Math Abut Math Operatins All abut Markers Markers mve alng the X-axis range f the measurement trace t prvide a numerical readut f each measured data pint. Markers als allw yu t search fr specific Y-axis values. A trace can cntain up t six markers. The marker readut n the FieldFx shws X and Y-axis infrmatin fr the active marker ONLY. A Marker Table can be displayed that allws yu t simultaneusly view X and Y- axis infrmatin fr all markers. Markers can be used in CAT, SA, and NA Mdes. Hw t create Markers Press Marker. Then Markers t select a marker t activate. Then Nrmal t activate that marker. A marker is created n the trace in the middle f the X-axis. That marker is nw active. Then mve the marker using the rtary knb, the arrws, r by entering an X-axis psitin with the number keys. Then press Enter. Hw t mve a Marker after it is created Press Marker. 76 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

77 Then Markers repeatedly until the marker f interest is selected. The OFF, Nrmal, r Delta sftkey is black t indicate the current setting f each marker. Then mve the marker as when it was first created. Markers can als be mved using ne f the marker search functins. Learn mre n page 79. Marker 2 is active, marker 1 is NOT active. Abut Delta Markers A delta marker prvides X-and Y-axis readut infrmatin that is relative t a reference marker. A delta marker is created with a (delta symbl) t distinguish it frm the reference marker. All six markers can be delta/reference marker pairs. Peak search functins can be perfrmed using delta markers. The delta marker mves t the peak;; the reference marker des NOT mve. A Delta marker and its assciated reference marker. The marker readut shws the difference between the tw markers in frequency and amplitude. Data Analysis Features 77

78 Hw t Create a Delta Marker Create a Nrmal marker and mve it t the reference psitin. Press Delta. The marker becmes the reference marker. It becmes fixed at its X-Axis psitin. Mve the Delta marker by entering a value with the numeric keypad, by using the arrws, r using the rtary knb. Press Enter when finished. Hw t mve the Reference marker Press Delta t turn the Delta marker OFF. Mve the marker t the new psitin. Then press Delta again, t turn the Delta marker back ON. Marker Table The Marker Table, displayed at the bttm f the FieldFx screen, is used t simultaneusly display infrmatin fr ALL markers. The marker table squeezes the graticule area when activated. With NA mde Multi-trace cnfiguratins, the marker table appears fr ALL traces, althugh sme windws shw nly markers 1, 2, and 3. Learn mre abut Multi-trace cnfiguratins n page 21. Hw t display the Marker table Press Marker. Then Marker Table On Off. Cupled Markers Cupled Markers, available in NA mde nly, allws yu t simultaneusly create and mve markers that have the same number fr all traces. Fr example, when marker 2 is created n a trace, a marker 2 is created fr ALL traces. When any marker 2 is mved, they all mve tgether t the same X-axis psitin. Cupled markers are allwed nly in NA mde and are relevant nly in multitrace cnfiguratins. Yu can have markers that are cupled, and thers that are uncupled. Peak functins mve the marker t the peak n the active trace, while all ther markers mve t the same X-axis psitin. 78 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

79 Cupled Markers ON allws Marker 2 t be mved n ALL traces at the same time. Hw t create Uncupled Markers NOTE Markers are cupled by default. T create markers that are NOT cupled (mve independently n each trace): Press Marker Then Mre Then Cupled Markers OFF Marker Trace Bth CAT and NA Mdes can display a data trace and a memry trace. By default, markers are assigned t the data trace. Hwever, yu can mve a marker between the data and memry trace. The marker mves t the same X-axis lcatin n the specified trace. When Cupled Markers is ON, this setting applies t the active marker fr ALL traces that are cupled. Otherwise, this setting applies t the active marker n nly the active trace. Hw t mve a marker between data and memry traces Create a data and memry trace that will hst the marker. Learn hw n page 86. Press Marker and Enter t create a marker. Then Mre Then select the marker t mve using Marker 1,2,3,4,5,6. Then tggle Marker Trace Aut Data Mem. Aut - Marker resides n data trace when it is visible. Marker resides n memry trace when nly IT is visible. Data - Marker resides n data trace, even when nt visible. Mem - Marker resides n memry trace, even when nt visible. If a memry trace is nt stred, the marker mves t 0.0 db at the same X-axis psitin Data Analysis Features 79

80 Marker Frmat The Marker Frmat setting is available in NA Mde in either Smith Chart r Plar display frmat. Chse the frmat f the marker readut (upper right crner f screen). Learn hw t set display frmat n page 23. Hw t chse marker frmat Press Marker Then Mre Then Marker Frmat Then chse frm the fllwing: Mag & Phase Magnitude and Phase R + jx Cmplex impedance frmat Searching with Markers Marker Searches are used t mve markers t lcatins n the trace which exhibit the characteristics f the search criteria. Learn What is a Peak n page 83. Hw t Search with Markers The fllwing menu structure applies t NA Mde. Fr keystrke infrmatin fr CAT mde, see Hardkey/Sftkey Menus n page 115. Activate the marker t mve. Activate the marker t be used fr the search (NOT necessary with Bandwidth search.) Then press Mrk ->/Tls. Then Marker Search Then chse frm the fllwing: Tracking ON OFF (NA Mde ONLY) ON causes the active marker t search fr the specified criteria with each new sweep. Search criteria can include: Target, Bandwidth, Peak, Min. The searches begin with the first sweep after Tracking is turned ON based n the current search type. The stimulus setting fr a marker can NOT be changed manually. Trk appears next t the marker number. OFF causes a new marker search nly when the search feature is reexecuted. Peak Mves the active marker t the HIGHEST amplitude data pint f the trace. The Peak Excursin value is ignred. Min (Nt available in DTF) Mves the active marker t the LOWEST amplitude data pint f the trace. 80 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

81 Target (NA Mde ONLY) Enter the Target value. The marker mves t the first ccurrence f the Target value t the right f its current psitin. The FieldFx interplates between measured data pints t find the exact Target value t tw decimal pints. The interplated X-axis value is displayed in the marker readut r marker table. Subsequent presses f the Target sftkey cause the marker t mve t the right t find the next ccurrence f the Target value. When the marker reaches the end f the stimulus range, it "wraps arund" and cntinues the search frm the beginning f the stimulus range. Bandwidth ON OFF (NA Mde ONLY) Use t quickly tggle BW Markers ON and OFF. When OFF, the marker table appears shwing the X and Y-axis psitins f all enabled markers. Bandwidth (NA Mde ONLY) Specify the level in db frm the peak r valley where bandwidth is measured. Negative numbers search fr a Peak bandpass, such as a filter S21 respnse. Either f the fllwing TWO methds can be used t search fr a Valley r Ntch filter, such as the S11 respnse f a bandpass filter. Negative values search dwn frm the TOP (MAX) f the respnse. Psitive values search up frm the BOTTOM (MIN) f the ntch. If yu first enter Negative, then Psitive values, it may be necessary t press Marker, then Mre, then Markers All Off. S21 f a filter with BW Markers and assciated readut values. The search criteria is -3 db. Data Analysis Features 81

82 S11 f the same filter with same search criteria: -3 db. The same values wuld result frm a search criteria f apprximately db. Press Enter and fur markers are autmatically created t find the first negative r psitive bandpass ver the displayed frequency range. Bandwidth Search can be used ONLY with Lg Mag display frmat. The fllwing six values are displayed fr Bandwidth Search: BW: Width f the filter. (marker 2 freq) minus (marker 3 freq). Center: Marker 4 frequency. Mathematical midpint between marker 2 and marker 3. Q: Center Frequency / Bandwidth. Lss: Marker 1 amplitude. Left: Frequency f marker 2 r 3 (t left f marker 1). Right: Frequency f marker 2 r 3 (t right f marker 1). Press Back t return t the previus menu. Press Peak Search then chse frm the fllwing: Peak Mves the active marker t the HIGHEST amplitude data pint f the trace. Peak Excursin value is ignred. Next Peak Mves the active marker t the next highest amplitude peak frm where it currently resides. Peak Left Mves the active marker t the next data pint t the left that meets the Peak criteria. When n data pints t the left meet the Peak criteria, the marker des nt mve. Peak Right Mves the active marker t the next data pint t the right that meets the Peak criteria. When n data pints t the right meet the Peak criteria, the marker des nt mve. Mre then Min Search (Nt available in DTF) Mves the active marker t the LOWEST amplitude data pint f the trace. 82 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

83 The fllwing applies t DTF Measurements ONLY: Mre. Track Peaks ON OFF When Track Peaks is ON, markers will find the new peak with every sweep. While in this Mde, the markers can NOT be turned OFF r mved. Find 3 Peaks Three markers are created and find the highest peaks (faults) n the trace. What Is a Peak NOTE Yu define what the FieldFx cnsiders a "peak" by setting the Peak Threshld and Peak Excursin. These tw peak criteria settings apply t markers 1 t 6 in the same mde, but are set individually fr CAT and NA Mdes. These settings survive a FieldFx r Mde Preset. They are reset t the default values when the FieldFx pwer is shutdwn. Peak Threshld and Excursin are NOT available in DTF measurements. Hwever, peaks belw 50 db will NOT be fund and this can NOT be changed. Hw t set Peak Criteria Press Mrk ->/Tls. Then Mre. Then select the fllwing: Peak Threshld Minimum amplitude (db). T be cnsidered valid, the peak must be abve the threshld level. The valley n either side can be belw the threshld level. Default = 190. Peak Excursin The vertical distance (db) between the peak and the valleys n bth sides. T be cnsidered a peak, data values must "fall ff" frm the peak n bth sides by the excursin value. Default = 0.5 db. Fr example, the settings fr the trace in the fllwing image are: Threshld: 10 db Excursin: 1 db Scale = 1 db / Divisin. Data Analysis Features 83

84 Peak A = Valid Peak (Abve Threshld and Excursin Settings) Peak B = Invalid Peak (Belw 1 db Excursin Setting) Peak C = Invalid Peak (Belw 10 db Threshld Setting) Marker Functins Marker functins are used t change FieldFx frequency r distance settings t thse f the active marker. Hw t use Marker Functins Activate the marker t mve. Then press Mrk ->/Tls. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Mrk -> Center (Nt available in DTF mde) The center frequency f the measurement becmes the value f the active marker. The frequency span is adjusted accrdingly. Mre then Mkr -> Delay (NA mde ONLY) The grup delay value f the active marker becmes the electrical delay setting f the trace. Learn hw t set grup delay frmat n page 23. Learn mre abut electrical delay n page 25. The fllwing applies t DTF Measurements ONLY: Mre then: Marker=>Start Distance The Start Distance f the measurement becmes the value f the active marker. Markers that wuld n lnger appear n the screen are mved t the new Start Distance. Marker=>Stp Distance The Stp Distance f the measurement becmes the value f the active marker. Markers that wuld n lnger appear n the screen are mved t the new Stp Distance. All abut Limit Lines Limit Lines are available in CAT Mde and NA Mde. Pwer Meter Mde uses different Limit settings. Learn mre n page 67. Limit Lines are visual representatins n the FieldFx screen f the specified limits fr a measurement. With this capability, yu can easily cmpare measured data versus specificatins. In additin, yu can enable an audible beep and display Pass r Fail infrmatin fr each measurement. Yu can have up t 10 Limit Lines fr each measurement trace allwing yu t test all aspects f yur measurements. With multi-trace cnfiguratins, Limit Lines are applied individually fr each displayed trace. Learn mre n page 21. Limit Lines can be saved and recalled with an *.sta file. Learn mre abut *.sta files n page 88. They can als be saved and recalled independently frm the Limit sftkeys. Learn mre n page 86. Limit Lines and Limit testing are NOT allwed with Smith Chart r Plar display frmats. 84 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

85 Hw t Create Limit Lines Press Limit 8. Then Edit. A Limit Line Table appears. Use Left and Right sftkeys, and the arrws t create Limit Lines. On Press Enter t tggle the display f the limit line ON (X ) and OFF (clear). Type Press Enter t tggle the line Upper r Lwer. An Upper limit will FAIL any measured data pint ABOVE the line. A Lwer limit will FAIL any measured data pint BELOW the line. Each Limit Line is cnstructed by setting the X/Y-crdinates fr bth the beginning and end f line, as in the fllwing image. The X-axis values fr tw lines can verlap. Start Frequency/Distance X-axis value fr start f line. Start Amplitude Y-axis value fr start f line. Stp Frequency/Distance X-axis value fr stp f line. Stp Amplitude Y-axis value fr stp f line. Limit table with tw Upper limit lines. Warning ON. Yellw circles and shading shws Start f lines. Green circles and shading shws Stp f lines. Hw t set Limit Optins Press Exit if the Limit Table is visible. Then Optins. Then chse frm the fllwing: Beep On Off Audible beep sunds when each sweep fails. Warning On Off Shws Pass r Fail indicatin n the display with each sweep. Data pints that fail are highlighted. Data Analysis Features 85

86 Hw t Save and Recall Limits In additin t saving and recalling Limit Lines with an *.sta file, Limit Lines can als be saved and then recalled independent f the current mde r measurement. Use this feature t recall and apply existing limit lines t measurements with different settings r even a different frequency range. Limit Line files can be laded int the FieldFx Data Link Sftware. Learn hw in the help file that is included in the Data Link sftware. Hw t Save and Recall Limits Press Save/Recall then Select Device t set the Device (Internal, micr SD card, r USB flash drive) t be used fr the Save r Recall. Learn mre n page 90. Then press Limit. Then chse frm the fllwing: Save Limits After Limit Lines have been defined, this saves the line definitin t a file n the specified device. Recall Limits Recalls a Limit Line definitin frm the specified device. All abut Trace Math Trace Math is available ONLY in CAT and NA Mdes, but nt in DTF measurements. A trace is a series f measurement data pints that are cnnected t frm a line. This live data trace is updated as data pints are measured. A memry trace is a live trace that has been stred in the FieldFx vlatile memry. It then becmes static, meaning it is nt updated with measurements. It can be displayed n the screen by itself, r with a data trace fr cmparisn purpses. In NA mde, memry traces are the same clr as data traces, but muted (duller). In CAT mde, the data trace is displayed in yellw and the memry trace is displayed in blue. Hw t display data and memry traces Press Trace 6. Then Data->Mem t stre the ACTIVE data trace int memry. A beep sunds t cnfirm the data trace has been stred t memry. There is n display anntatin that indicates that the memry trace has been stred. Press Data t view nly the data trace. Data is anntated in the left pane. Press Memry t view nly the memry trace. Mem is anntated in the left pane. Press Data & Memry t view bth the data trace and the stred memry trace. Data&Mem is anntated in the left pane. 86 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

87 Hw t perfrm Trace Math Trace math is perfrmed between a data trace and a memry trace. When ne f the fllwing math peratins are selected, the data trace displays the current measurement with the selected trace math applied. The math peratin symbl indicated belw in [brackets] is displayed in the left pane. Press Trace 6. If nt already stred, press Data->Mem t stre the current data trace int memry. Then Data Math. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Data + Memry [D+M] Current trace data added t memry data. Data Memry [D-M] Current trace data subtracted frm memry data. Data / Memry [D/M] Current trace data divided by memry data. Math Off [Data] Displays trace data with NO math applied. Abut Math Operatins Data / Memry and Data - Memry math peratins are perfrmed n cmplex linear data befre it is frmatted. Because data is ften viewed in lg frmat, it is nt always clear which f the tw math peratins shuld be used. Remember: dividing linear data is the same as subtracting lgarithmic data. The fllwing illustrates, in general, when t use each peratin. Use Data / Memry fr nrmalizatin purpses, such as when cmparing traces "befre" and "after" a change is made r when measuring trace nise. In the fllwing table, the Data/Mem values intuitively shw the differences between traces. It is nt bvius what Data-Mem is displaying. Values t cmpare Data/Mem Data-Mem 0.5 db and 0.6 db 0.1 db 39 db 0.5 db and 0.7 db 0.2 db 33 db Use Data - Memry t shw the relative differences between tw signals. Use fr cmparisn f very small signals, such as the S11 match f tw cnnectrs. In the fllwing table, Data/Mem shws bth pairs f cnnectrs t have the same 2 db difference. Hwever, the secnd pair f cnnectrs have much better S11 perfrmance ( 50 and 52) and the relative significance is shwn in the Data-Mem values. Values t cmpare Data/Mem Data-Mem 10 db and 12 db 2 db 24 db 50 db and 52 db 2 db 64 db Data Analysis Features 87

88 File Management The FieldFx can save any f the fllwing types f files: Current settings and calibratin Trace data (*csv and *.S1P) Picture f the FieldFx screen In additin, files can be saved t the internal memry, a USB Flash drive, r a micr SD card. In this Chapter Save Files Recall Files Set File Type and Device Manage Files Manage Flders Edit Keywrds Prefixes fr Filenames See Als Erase User Data Saving and Recalling Files Save Files Hw t Save a File Press Save/Recall 9. Then Save. At the tp f the current labeler screen (see fllwing image) check the File Type t save and Device (Internal, USB, Strage Card) t which the file is saved. Learn hw t change these settings n page 90. Then use the labeler t specify a filename. Hw t name files The labeler is used t edit r change the current filename. It is als used t create a title, prefix, and keywrd t display n the FieldFx screen. Learn abut Titles n page 98. Press Select t add the cursr character t the end f the existing filename. Press Backspace t erase the last character frm the current filename. Press Clear t erase the current filename. 88 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

89 The preselected keywrds (File, Site, and s frth) can be selected just like a single character. These keywrds can als be edited. Learn mre n page 93. The FieldFx labeler. The current filename is GF2.. The cursr is n the custm GF keywrd. The file will be saved t USB (flash drive). File Type is Picture. Hw t mve the cursr Use the rtary knb t mve cursr n the same rw. The cursr will change rws when it cmes t a rw end. Use the arrws t mve the cursr up and dwn the rws. When the current filename is cmplete Press Dne t save the file t the specified filename. If the filename already exists, a warning is displayed. Press Cancel t clse the labeler withut saving a file. If the filename already exists, yu are prmpted t chse frm the fllwing: Press Yes t verwrite the existing file. Press Cancel t edit the filename. Recall Files State files and Trace + State files (*.sta) are the nly file type that can be recalled by the FieldFx. ALL FieldFx instrument settings fr ALL Mdes are saved and recalled in a *.sta file. If errr crrectin is ON in CAT r NA Mde, then calibratin data is als saved and recalled. Hw t Recall an *.sta File NOTE Befre recalling a file, first set File Type t State r Trace + State, and als Select Device frm which the file will be recalled. File Management 89

90 Press Save/Recall 9. Then Recall. Navigate t the file t be recalled using the Up/Dwn arrw keys. Then Recall File r Enter. Set File Type and Select Device The fllwing File TYPE and DEVICE settings are used t determine the type f file t save, and the lcatin t be used fr all file peratins. These tw settings remain thrugh an instrument preset, but are reset t the default values when the FieldFx pwer is shutdwn. Select Device (lcatin f File Save/Recall) Press Save/Recall 9. Then Select Device t set the LOCATION where the file is t be saved. Chse frm the fllwing: NOTE Internal Saves/Recalls files t/frm the FieldFx internal memry. T specify a flder, first select Manage Flders (learn hw n page 92). The Data Link sftware will read data ONLY frm the \UserData flder. SD Card Saves/Recalls files t/frm the micr SD card (nt included), inserted in the card slt. See FieldFx Tur n page 14. Only the rt flder is available. USB Saves/Recalls files t r frm a USB Flash drive (nt included) that is inserted in ne f the USB cnnectrs. Only the rt flder is available. Insert nly ONE USB Flash Drive in the FieldFx when saving r cpying files. Hw t set File Type State files are the nly file type that can be recalled by the FieldFx. Press Save/Recall 9. Then File Type. Chse ne f the fllwing: State Saves ALL FieldFx instrument settings fr ALL Mdes t a *.sta file. If a calibratin is ON in CAT r NA Mde, calibratin data is als saved. This file can be pened ONLY by a FieldFx. Trace + State Saves the current trace and instrument settings t a *.sta file. This file can be pened ONLY by a FieldFx. When recalled, the FieldFx sweep is set t Hld. Picture Saves a 640 x 453 pixel image f the FieldFx screen t a *.png file. The picture des NOT include the sftkeys. Data (S1P) / (2P) Saves CAT and NA Mde trace data t an *.S1P r *.S2P file, depending n the active measurement. This file frmat is used by CAE prgrams such as Agilent's Micrwave Design System (MDS) and Advanced Design System (ADS). It can als be imprted int spreadsheet sftware such as Micrsft Excel. Chse S1P t save data fr the active data trace. 90 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

91 Chse S2P (NA Mde ONLY) t save the fur S-parameters: S11, S21, S12, and S22. Zers are returned fr parameters that are nt displayed, except if full 2-prt crrectin is ON (ptin 122). In this case, crrected data fr all S-parameters is returned, even if nt displayed. Abut SNP Files The SNP file includes header infrmatin, and the fllwing data: S1P - saves 1-prt (receiver) data fr the active data trace. *.s1p Files cntain 1 stimulus value and 1 S-parameter (ttal f 3 scalar values) Stim Real(Sxx) Imag(Sxx) S2P (NA Mde ONLY) - saves data fr tw S-parameters (S11, S21) if they are bth displayed. *.s2p Files cntain 1 stimulus value and 4 S-parameters (ttal f 9 scalar values) Stim Real(S11) Imag(S11) Real(S21) Imag(S21) Real(S12) Imag(S12) Real(S22) Imag(S22) When parameters are crrected, data is returned even when nt displayed. When parameters are NOT crrected r displayed, and the frmat is Mag/Phase, zer-filled data appears as 0 db and 0 degrees. When the frmat is Real/Imaginary, zer-filled data appears as (1,0). Data is returned with the crrectin type that is applied fr each S-parameter. The crrectin type fr each S-parameter is anntated in the header. Only the data trace is saved nt the memry trace. In CAT Mde, S1P files are always Magnitude(dB) / Phase (angle) frmat. In NA Mde, SNP files fr traces in Smith Chart r Plar frmat saves Real/Imaginary frmat. All ther trace frmats are saved in Mag/Phase frmat. Trace Math is ignred when saving data t an SNP file. Data (csv) Saves trace data frm the current mde t a *.csv file. This frmat can be imprted int spreadsheet sftware such as Micrsft Excel. In CAT Mde, nly the single data trace is saved nt the memry trace. In NA Mde, all displayed data traces are saved nt the memry traces. In Pwer Meter and VVM Mde, NO data is saved. Manage Files Files that are stred in the FieldFx internal memry, micr SD card, and USB Flash drive, can be cpied t anther device r deleted. Fr Cpy File and Cpy All peratins, files are always cpied t the rt directry f the destinatin device. They can NOT be cpied t ther flders. T get a file t anther flder, it must be saved t the specified flder. Hw t Manage files Press Save/Recall 9. File Management 91

92 NOTE NOTE Then Select Device t select the lcatin (Internal, USB, r micr SD Card) f the file t cpy r delete. When selecting Internal, it may als be necessary t first select Manage Flders t specify an active flder which cntains the files t cpy r delete. Then Mre. Then Manage Files. Then chse frm the fllwing: Cpy File Select a file t cpy. Then select a destinatin t cpy the file t. Chse frm Internal, USB (must be inserted), r SD Card (must be inserted). The file is cpied t the rt directry f the destinatin device. Cpy All Files All files that appear will be cpied. Then select a destinatin t cpy the files t. All f the displayed files are cpied t a new flder at the rt directry f the destinatin device. The new flder name is the current date-time. Delete File The selected file is deleted after a warning prmpt is displayed. Insert nly ONE USB Flash Drive in the FieldFx when saving r cpying files. Manage Flders Yu can create new flders, delete ld flders, and select the active flder t which files can be saved. The Parent flder [..] is listed when nt in the rt directry. Hw t Manage Flders Press Save/Recall 9. Then Mre. Then Manage Flders. Then chse frm the fllwing: Change Flder Changes the active flder t which files can be saved. The active device and current flder is displayed at the tp f the screen. Use the arrws t highlight a flder within the current flder. Each time the Change Flder sftkey is pressed, the highlighted flder becmes the active flder. Create Flder A new flder is created in the current flder. Select a name fr the new flder frm ne f the displayed keywrds: Yu can change these keywrds using the fllwing Edit Keywrds functin. Delete Flder The selected flder and its cntents are deleted after a warning prmpt is displayed. A Parent flder r system flder can NOT be deleted. Press Exit when finished. 92 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

93 Edit Keywrds The preselected keywrds (FILE, SITE, and s frth) can be edited t meet yur specific needs. Yur keywrds will remain in the FieldFx until yu change them. Keywrds are limited t 30 characters. Hw t edit keywrds Press Save/Recall 9. Then Mre. Then Edit Keywrds. Then Next Page and Previus Page t view all keywrds. Use the arrws t select a keywrd t edit. When a keywrd is selected, then press Edit. Then chse frm the fllwing: Press Select t add the cursr character t the end f the selected keywrd. Press Backspace t erase the last character frm the end f the selected keywrd. Press Clear t erase the selected keywrd. Hw t mve the cursr: Use the rtary knb t mve the cursr alng the same rw. The cursr will change rws when it cmes t a rw end. Use the arrws t mve the cursr up and dwn between rws. When the selected keywrd is cmplete: Press Dne t save all keywrds and clse the Edit Keywrds labeler. These keywrds will exist n the FieldFx until changed. Press Cancel t clse the labeler withut saving changes. Prefixes fr Filenames A prefix is used as a default filename t which characters can be added. The prefix can be custmized, and quickly enabled r disabled. When enabled, the current prefix is autmatically entered as the start f a filename when perfrming a Save peratin. Hw t enable and disable the current Prefix Press Save/Recall 9. Then Mre. Then Prefix ON OFF The current selectin is underlined. Hw t edit the current Prefix Press Save/Recall 9. File Management 93

94 Then Mre. Then Prefix. Then chse frm the fllwing: Printing Press Select t add the cursr character t the end f the Prefix. Press Backspace t erase the last character frm the end f the Prefix. Press Clear t erase the Prefix. The preselected keywrds (File, Site, and s frth) can be selected just like a single character. These keywrds can als be edited. See Edit Keywrds. Hw t mve the cursr Use the rtary knb t mve cursr n the same rw. Use the arrws t mve the cursr up and dwn the rws. When the Prefix is cmplete Press Dne t save the Prefix and clse the labeler. This Prefix will exist n the FieldFx until it is changed. Press Cancel t clse the labeler withut saving changes. Yu can NOT print the measurement display directly frm the FieldFx t a printer. Yu can save a Picture file t a USB Flash Drive r micr SD card and then print frm any cmputer. Measurements can als be printed using the FieldFx Data Link sftware. Learn mre at: 94 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

95 System Settings In this Chapter Run/Hld Preset Vlume Cntrl Display Settings Clrs Brightness Trace Width Title Full Screen Mde Edit Keywrds Preferences Language Display Battery Saver System Cnfiguratin Optins (Licensing) GPS External Frequency Reference Date and Time Settings LAN Settings Service Diagnstics Erase User Data See Als Battery Usage FieldFx Internal Temperatures Run/Hld The Run/Hld key determines whether the FieldFx sweeps cntinuusly r des NOT sweep, but hlds the display results f the last sweep that was perfrmed. Use Hld t cnserve battery pwer r t allw yu t save r analyze the results f a specific measurement sweep. The current sweep mde is shwn n the screen as: Cntinuus Hld Hld --> is displayed while a single sweep ccurs. System Settings 95

96 Hw t perfrm a single sweep while in Hld Press Sweep 3. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Single Autmatically sets Cntinuus OFF (Hld) and causes FieldFx t make ONE measurement sweep, then hld fr the next Single key press. Cntinuus Makes cntinuus sweeps. This is the typical setting when battery pwer is nt critical. Preset The Preset key restres the FieldFx measurement settings t a knwn cnditin. Yu can preset the entire instrument, r just the current Mde (CAT, Pwer Meter, NA.) When Preset, the FieldFx becmes CalReady at the test prts. Learn mre n page 52. The fllwing settings always survive Preset and/r Mde Preset: External Reference state (page 101); Marker Peak Excursin and Threshld (page 83). VVM Display Reslutin (page 71). Vlume Cntrl Hw t Preset the FieldFx Press Preset. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Preset Returns ALL Mdes t the factry default settings. Mde Preset Returns nly the current Mde t the factry default settings. The current settings fr all ther Mdes remain. Vlume Cntrl System vlume cntrl is a FieldFx glbal setting which sets speaker vlume fr ALL success beeps, key press clicks, and individual features that use the FieldFx speaker, such as SA Mde Tune and Listen. The vlume cntrl setting remains thrugh a FieldFx Preset. T cause yur vlume cntrl setting t remain thrugh a FieldFx shutdwn, save the setting as a Preference. Learn hw n page 99. Hw t set FieldFx Vlume Cntrl Press System 7 Then Vlume Then use the arrws, the rtary knb, r numeric keypad t enter a value between 0 (lwest vlume) and 100 (highest vlume). 96 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

97 Press Vlume again and select Mute t quickly turn OFF the speaker vlume. Press Vlume again t set vlume ON t the previus vlume cntrl. Display Settings NOTE Yu can adjust the FieldFx fr ptimum viewing in a wide range f lighting cnditins. Display settings remain thrugh a FieldFx Preset. T cause the display brightness, clr settings, and trace width t remain thrugh a FieldFx shutdwn, save the display settings as Preferences. Learn hw n page 99. Clean the transflective screen with gentle and minimal wiping using Isprpyl alchl applied t a lint-free clth. Display Brightness Change the brightness f the backgrund. Hw t set Display Clrs Press System. Then Display. Then Brightness. Use the arrws, the rtary knb, r numeric keypad t enter a value between 0 and 100%. Display Clrs Change Display Clrs t alter the viewing scheme. Hw t set Display Clrs Press System. Then Display. Then Display Clrs. Then chse ne f the fllwing: Indr Outdr Dusk Outdr Cluds Outdr Sun Night Visin System Settings 97

98 Trace Width Yu can set width f all displayed traces n the FieldFx. This may allw better viewing r enhance the lk f screen images. This setting can be saved with Preferences. Hw t set Trace Width Press System. Then Display. Then Display Clrs. Then Mre Then Trace Width Then chse ne f the fllwing: Nrmal - Standard width. Wide - Enhanced width. Title A custm title can be made t appear in the upper-left crner f the FieldFx screen. The title can cntain up t apprximately 65 alpha-numeric characters. T view the Title area, see the Screen Tur n page 17. Hw t add r edit a Title Press System. Then Display. Then Title. Then enter r edit a title using the FieldFx labeler. This is the same labeler functin that is used t name files. Learn hw t use the labeler n page 88. Then Title ON OFF t make the title appear and disappear frm the screen. Edit Keywrds During a file save peratin, keywrds can be quickly appended t ther text t create unique filenames. The Edit Keywrds feature allws yu t create custm keywrds. Learn all abut Edit Keywrds n page 93. Full Screen Mde Full Screen Mde maximizes the display f the active trace. The screen anntatins and the sft keys are remved. Hw t set Full Screen Mde Press System. Then Full Screen. T Exit full screen Mde, press any key. 98 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

99 Preferences Language Chse the language in which t display FieldFx sftkeys and ther messages. Hw t select a Language Press System 7. Then Preferences. Then Language. Then chse frm the fllwing: English Espanl Spanish Deutsch German Italian Italian Francais French Russian Japanese Chinese Turkish Save Preferences Yu can save yur Display settings, Vlume Cntrl setting, Battery Saver setting, and Time Zne setting as preferences that will remain set thrugh a FieldFx shutdwn. In additin, the fllwing GPS settings are saved as preferences: GPS state, data display state, elevatin unit, and latitude/lngitude frmat. Learn abut GPS n page 101. Hw t save current settings as Preferences Cnfigure the settings as yu wuld like them t remain. Learn abut display settings n page 96. Press System Then Preferences Then Save Current Settings There is a beep when yur settings have been saved. Press Reset Preferences t restre the factry default settings. System Settings 99

100 Battery Saver When the battery saver is OFF, the surce pwer is left ON at the end f the sweep which cnsumes mre pwer. This feature is used in CAT, NA and VVM mdes. Hw t set Battery Saver Press System Then Preferences Then Battery Saver ON Default setting. T cnserve battery pwer, the RF surce pwer is turned OFF at the end f each CAT, NA, and VVM mde sweep. This behavir des nt impact FieldFx measurements. OFF Surce pwer is kept ON at all times, including during trigger Hld mde and between single sweep acquisitins. The RF surce stays at the stp frequency until anther sweep begins. This prvides a cnstant, uninterrupted RF utput frm the current surce prt: PORT 1 with frward measurements r PORT 2 with reverse measurements (Opt 122). This behavir als prvides the highest trace stability sweep-t-sweep which may nly be evident while using either single sweep r Run/Hld. With Battery Save OFF, the use f a full battery charge is reduced by apprximately 45 minutes. System Cnfiguratin Optins (Licensing) Yu can view and install ptins n yur FieldFx. See all available ptins n page 7. Hw t view the Installed Optins Press System Then System Cnfiguratin Then Optins(Licensing) Then Shw Optins The currently installed ptins are listed. Hw t Install Optins A.lic file must already be n a USB Flash Drive. T learn hw t btain a.lic file, visit: Insert the USB Flash Drive in the FieldFx. Press System. Then System Cnfiguratin Then Optins 100 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

101 Then Install Optins The FieldFx reads, validates, then installs the ptins. Press and hld the pwer buttn t shutdwn, then restart the FieldFx. Fr mre infrmatin abut Licensing, see the FieldFx Service Manual at GPS NOTE GPS (Glbal Psitining System) allws yu t stamp each data trace with yur physical psitin in latitude/lngitude/elevatin frmat. This can be useful when making measurements n cell twers r ther antennas at remte lcatins. This feature is usable ONLY with the GPS receiver that is shipped with Micrsft Streets and Trips and AutRute. The GPS receiver is NOT available frm Agilent. Only the GPS USB receiver is used with the FieldFx. Therefre, it is NOT necessary t purchase the very latest versin f the map sftware. GPS can be used in all FieldFx mdes. Yur GPS settings can be saved with Preferences. Learn mre n page 99. Hw t make GPS settings Press System 7 Then System Cnfiguratin Then GPS Then chse frm the fllwing: OFF - Disable GPS (default setting). External - Enable GPS using an external, custmer-supplied, USB dngle device. When enabled, a check is made t detect a USB GPS device at the USB cnnectrs. When a device is detected, a search is made fr satellites verhead. The GPS wrks best when utdrs and in full view f the pen sky. When several satellites are fund, the fllwing screen appears and is updated frequently: The left prtin f the screen shws satellites and the crrespnding number n the adjacent Satellite Pwer chart. System Settings 101

102 Sync Clck ON OFF Enable and disable the synchrnizatin f the FieldFx internal clck t the GPS UTC time standard. ON The FieldFx clck is synchrnized and updated apprximately every secnd t the time f the GPS clck. Learn hw t set the lcal time zne n page 103. OFF The FieldFx clck is NOT synched with GPS. When set t OFF after Sync was ON, the date and time des NOT revert back t the settings befre the clck was synchrnized. Display ON OFF Enable and disable the GPS display n the FieldFx main windw. Lat/Ln Frmat Change the frmat f the GPS display n the FieldFx screen. Chse frm: ddd mm ss.sss degrees, minutes, secnds (default setting) ddd mm.mmmmm degrees, minutes, fractinal minutes ddd.ddddddd decimal degrees Elevatin Unit Chse frm: m (Meters) Feet GPS Status With GPS enabled and a device detected, the fllwing is displayed at the tp f the FieldFx screen: In the abve image, the fllwing icns shw if the FieldFx is lcked n satellites: - GPS ON and lcked n satellites - GPS ON, but NOT lcked n satellites - GPS ON, but n GPS receiver is present r detected Saving Data with GPS Enabled GPS psitin and clck data are included when data is saved with the fllwing files types: *.csv, *.SnP, State, State+Trace data save. A warning is shwn if the GPS is ON but unlcked at time f save, r if the GPS feature is ON but n GPS is physically present at time f save. The fllwing is a sample S1P file with GPS infrmatin:!gps Latitude: N!GPS Lngitude: W!GPS TimeStamp: 06/25/ :24:48!GPS Secnds Since Last Read: N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

103 External Frequency Reference The FieldFx can phase lck with an external 10 MHz reference signal. When a high-stability 10 MHz reference signal is available, this can imprve the accuracy and stability f measurements in CAT and NA Mdes. The External Reference setting will survive a FieldFx r Mde Preset and is saved as part f the Instrument State. Hw t use an External Reference Cnnect the 10 MHz External Reference t the EXT TRIG/EXT REF BNC cnnectr n the FieldFx tp panel. External Triggering is NOT available n the N9923A. Press System 7 Then System Cnfiguratin Then Frequency Ref Then Freq Ref Surce Int Ext NOTE The FieldFx may take up t 10 secnds t lck t a valid External Reference surce. When switched t Ext, if the FieldFx des NOT find an apprpriate signal with which it can lck, then Ext Ref UNLOCKED is displayed in the lwer-left crner f the screen. This can ccur when any f the fllwing cnditins exist: NO external reference signal is present. A lw-level external reference signal is present. A very high-level external reference signal is present. The external reference is ff-frequency. Fr best results, the signal shuld be between 5 dbm and +5 dbm. Date and Time, Frmat, and Time Zne Settings Set the lcal Date and Time, Date and Time frmat, and Time Zne that is shwn n the FieldFx screen. The Date and Time is als used t identify files that are saved. Yur Time Zne setting can be saved with Preferences. If it is NOT saved with Preferences, then it is reset when the FieldFx is pwered OFF and ON. The Date and Time can als be set by synchrnizing with GPS satellites. Learn mre n page 101. Hw t set Date and Time, Date and Time Frmat, and Time Zne Press System 7. Then System Cnfiguratin. Then Date and Time. Press the arrws t highlight the rw t be edited. Then Edit. Use the rtary knb t highlight the field t be edited. System Settings 103

104 NOTE Use the arrws r numeric keypad t edit that field. Press Cancel r Dne when the edits are cmplete. Press Dne t exit the Date and Time settings. The readut in the upper-right crner f the FieldFx screen will update accrdingly. Althugh allwed during entry, year settings higher than 2088 will nt be changed n the screen. LAN Settings Cnfigure the LAN settings t be used t cmmunicate with the Data Link Sftware. Learn mre at: LAN Settings Hw t cnfigure the LAN settings The first three Current... settings can NOT be edited. Press System 7. Then System Cnfiguratin. Then LAN. Use the arrws t select ne f the fllwing, then press Edit. Hstname Change the name that can be used t address the FieldFx if yur server supprts this feature. The default hstname is generated autmatically. Obtain IP Chse frm: DHCP - IP Address is assigned dynamically. If yur server supprts this feature, the IP Address fr the FieldFx is assigned each time it is started. Static - Set the IP Address manually. The Address remains until yu change it. Static IP Address - Enter the IP Address including perids - in the frmat nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn Static Subnet Mask - Enter the Subnet Mask including perids - in the frmat nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn Static Gateway - Enter the Static Gateway including perids - in the frmat nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn Apply Settings Chse frm: 104 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

105 Pwer Up The abve settings take effect when the FieldFx is started. Nw The abve settings take effect immediately. NOTE T make the LAN settings persist after pwer up, tggle Apply Settings t Nw then back t Pwer Up. Yu shuld see a message indicating that the LANcnfig file was saved. Press Dne Edit when finished. Service Diagnstics The Service diagnstics menu is generally used t display service-related infrmatin. T access these menu items, press System 7 then Service Diagnstics. System Infrmatin The System infrmatin table shws imprtant infrmatin abut yur FieldFx. The fllwing is the mst useful infrmatin: Mdel Number FieldFx mdel Serial Number Identificatin number f yur FieldFx Firmware Release The currently installed versin f sftware. Check t see if yu have the latest firmware at: Netwrk Identity The netwrk name and current IP address f yur FieldFx. Errr Lg The Errr Lg shws the infrmatin that has appeared n the FieldFx screen. The mst recent infrmatin is at the tp f the table. Press Clear Errrs t erase this infrmatin. Battery Learn abut this table n page 107. Internal Temperatures Learn all abut this table and the imprtance f the internal FieldFx temperatures n page 12. Erase User Data All data that yu have written t the FieldFx can be erased with the press f a buttn. Yu wuld d this if yur FieldFx is lcated in a secure envirnment and must be rutinely erased f sensitive data. All data is deleted frm the FieldFx internal UserData partitin. This includes all State files and Trace + State files (*.sta), all Data files (*.csv, *.snp), all Picture files (*.png), all Cal Kit files, and all Cable files. External media that is inserted (mini-sd card r USB flash drive) is NOT erased. System Settings 105

106 The "Lst Clusters" flder and files is NOT erased because it is part f the file system husekeeping. Hw t Erase User Data Press System 7. Then Service Diagnstics. Then Advanced Then Erase User Data Then Cnfirm Erase Then the fllwing ccurs: All data files and flders are deleted frm the UserData partitin. A large file f 0s is written t all f the free blcks n the partitin. The large file is deleted. All blcks released by deleting this file are nw available fr use. The FieldFx is rebted, which manages the newly-freed data and re-writes the factry cal kits and cable files. Debug Value Used by Agilent Service Persnnel nly. 106 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

107 Wrking with the Lithium-In Battery In this Chapter Viewing Battery Charge Status Charging the Battery Recnditining the Battery Battery Care Maximizing Battery Life Battery Dispsal See Als Installing the Battery Cnserving Battery Pwer Battery Safety Cnsideratins Viewing Battery Charge Status Yu can view the battery charge status in the fllwing ways: Icns in the upper right f the frnt panel screen. Battery screen - select System then Service Diagnstics then Battery. Built-in battery gauge. Open the FieldFx battery cmpartment dr t view the battery LCD. Frnt Panel Icns Icn Status Cnnected t external pwer thrugh the AC/DC adapter. Battery installed and charging. The amunt f charge is indicated by the number f bars shwn. Battery nt charging with 84% battery life remaining. Service Diagnstics Battery Screen NOTE The Battery screen displays the fllwing infrmatin. T access the screen, select System then Service Diagnstics then Battery. 1. Status Fully charged, N battery, Charging, Empty, r Discharging. 2. External DC Supply true r false tells yu if an external DC supply is cnnected. 3. Battery Present true r false tells yu if a battery is installed. Items 4 thrugh 15 are read directly frm the battery. The infrmatin is based n the battery s internal sensrs and memry. 4. Battery Vltage measured by the battery s sensr. 5. Current amunt f current being cnsumed when perating frm internal battery. If battery is charging, indicates amunt f charging current. 6. Average Current running average f current, as just explained in item #5. Wrking with the Lithium-In Battery 107

108 7. Battery Temperature internal temperature f the battery as measured by a sensr embedded in the battery. 8. Max Errr present accuracy f the battery gauge. If the errr exceeds 10%, yu shuld recnditin the battery. Learn mre n page Relative State f Charge current charge cmpared t actual full capacity. This number lwers with age and number f battery cycles. 10. Abslute State f Charge current charge cmpared t designed full capacity f a new battery. 11. Remaining Capacity number f amp hurs remaining. 12. Full Charge Capacity number f amp hurs when fully charged. 13. Present Run Time t Empty minutes f run time remaining based n amunt f current being used nw. 14. Average Run Time t Empty minutes f run time remaining based n running average f current being used. 15. Charge Cycles number f charge cycles battery has experienced. Charge cycle defined as 80% change in relative state f charge. Built-In Battery Gauge Gauge Each lithium in battery has an LCD gauge that displays its charge status. Each segment represents 20% f the charge capacity. The gauge is active unless the battery is in shutdwn mde. T view the LCD gauge n the Inspired Energy battery, pen the FieldFx battery cmpartment dr. Gauge 5 segments 80% Charge Remaining 4 segments 60%, < 80% 3 segments 40%, < 60% 2 segments 20%, < 40% 1 segment < 20% Charging the Battery When yu receive yur FieldFx, the lithium-in battery is partially charged t apprximately 30% t 40% t preserve battery life. Allw fur hurs t fully charge the battery internally, r three hurs by using the external battery charger (N9910X 872). A fully charged battery will pwer yur FieldFx fr abut fur hurs. It is NOT necessary fr yu t d any type f battery precnditining befre use. 108 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

109 The FieldFx circuitry ALWAYS prevents the battery frm discharging t a level that is damaging. Hwever, if the battery is cmpletely discharged, the FieldFx may nt turn ON. If this ccurs, the battery can still be charged either internally r externally. Because a lithium-in battery has n memry effect, yu can charge a battery at any time regardless f the current charge status. Hwever, this culd impair the accuracy f its internal charge-remaining indicatr. When the Max Errr is greater than 10%, the battery shuld be recnditined. Learn mre n page 110. Internal Charging with the AC/DC Adapter Imprtant: Read the safety infrmatin fr the AC/DC adapter n page 121. Internal charging time fr a fully depleted battery is apprximately 4 hurs with the FieldFx either ON r OFF. AC/DC adapter T charge a battery inside the FieldFx, insert the AC/DC adapter plug int the Pwer cnnectr n the FieldFx side panel (middle hinged dr), then plug the adapter int an AC utlet. FieldFx ON: Charging is indicated by a battery icn in the upper right f the frnt panel screen. The icn shws 100% when charging is dne. FieldFx OFF: Charging is indicated by the FieldFx pwer LED glwing amber, with its intensity increasing frm dim t bright every few secnds. This pattern repeats until the LED turns ff when charging is dne. Learn mre n page 15. Using the External Battery Charger (N9910X 872) Imprtant: Read the safety infrmatin fr the External Charger n page 122. Wrking with the Lithium-In Battery 109

110 External Battery Charger (N9910X 872) The external battery charger (N9910X 872), lets yu charge a fully depleted battery in apprximately three hurs. It is a tw bay, level 3 stand-alne battery charger that is cmpliant with the standard Smart Battery System. The tw bays are charged sequentially n a first-cme, first-served basis, thugh a discharge can be perfrmed in the left bay while the right bay is charging. It uses an external universal switching pwer supply External Battery Charger LED Green Green flashing Yellw flashing Yellw/green Red flashing Yellw Charging Status Fully charged Fast charging Recnditining the accuracy f the battery s internal LED charge gauge is being renewed. See Recnditining Batteries. Battery is recnditined Errr Standby Fr mre infrmatin, refer t the Instructin Manual included with the external battery charger. Recnditining the Battery The battery cntains electrnics that mnitrs battery usage and tracks hw much capacity is available. This functin can becme less accurate because f temperature fluctuatins, aging, self-discharge, repeated partial charging, and ther factrs. Recnditining - als knwn as recalibrating - restres the accuracy f the battery capacity tracking system. Recnditining is dne by fully charging the battery, fully discharging it, recharging it again, and then verifying that the errr has been crrected. Hw t determine if a battery needs recnditining Press System then Service Diagnstics then Battery. 110 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

111 On the Battery screen, if the Max Errr is greater than 10%, the battery needs t be recnditined. This errr will affect many f the displayed battery charge indicatrs. After recnditining, if the battery is nt fully charged r cntinues t shw mre than a 10% Max Errr reading, repeat the recnditining prcedure. If the secnd recnditining des nt restre a full charge and give an errr reading f 10% r less, the battery needs replacement. Yu can recnditin a battery internally, r with the External Charger (N9910X 872). The external charger prcess is faster and simpler. Hw t perfrm Internal Recnditining Fully charge the battery inside the FieldFx (either ON r OFF) using the AC/DC adapter. Cnfirm that the battery has a 100% relative state f charge. Fully discharge the battery by discnnecting the AC/DC adapter and leave the FieldFx ON fr apprximately fur t five hurs. The FieldFx will shut dwn when the battery is fully discharged. Recnnect the AC/DC adapter. Charge the battery and verify a full charge. Check the System then Service Diagnstics then Battery screen t verify that the Max Errr is less than 10%. Hw t Recnditin with the External Battery Charger (N9910X 872) Insert a battery int the left bay f the external charger. Press the buttn labeled Push t Recalibrate Left Battery Bay The charger will charge the battery fully, discharge it cmpletely, then recharge it fully again. The entire prcess can take up t 12 hurs. Install the battery int the FieldFx. On the System, Battery screen, verify that the battery is fully charged and recnditined. Battery Care Visually inspect the battery peridically fr signs f degradatin, such as swelling, cracking f the battery shell, r leakage f fluid. If degradatin ccurs, replace the battery and dispse f it prperly. Learn hw n page 112. Operatin with a degraded battery culd result in damage t the FieldFx. Learn mre n page 122. Maximizing Battery Life If AC pwer is cntinuusly available (Ex: in a wrkbench envirnment), remve the battery and use the AC/DC adapter. Wrking with the Lithium-In Battery 111

112 If AC pwer is nt cntinuusly available (Ex: in a field envirnment), use the battery and recharge it when it hlds a 20% t 50% charge, as shwn n the screen s battery charge icn. At this charge level, 2 r 3 segments shw n the battery gauge. If the FieldFx is nt ging t be used fr mre than a week, remve the battery. Best practice is t stre the battery with a charge f abut 50%. At this charge level, 3 segments shw n the battery gauge. Batteries that remain idle eventually lse their ability t hld a charge. Allw a battery t warm t rm temperature befre charging it. Temperature shck can damage the battery chemistry and in sme cases cause a shrt circuit. Stre batteries in a cl, dry lcatin, away frm metal bjects and crrsive gases. Strage temperature limits (20% t 50% relative charge is recmmended): Transprtatin: 20 C t 50 C Within 1 mnth: 20 C t 45 C Within 6 mnths: 20 C t 40 C Within 1 year: 20 C t 35 C Battery charging limits: Charge temperature: 0 C t 45 C (<10 C slws charge n sme batteries) Discharge temperature: 10 C t 60 C Operate the FieldFx n battery pwer between the ambient temperatures f 10 and +50 C ( 14 t +122 F). Using the battery at lwer r higher temperatures can damage it and reduce perating life. Cld temperatures affect battery chemistry, reducing charge capacity, especially belw 0 C (32 F). Lithium In Battery Dispsal When yu ntice a large decrease in charge capacity after prper recharging, it s prbably time t replace the battery. Lithium-In batteries need t be dispsed f prperly. Cntact yur lcal waste management facility fr infrmatin regarding envirnmentally sund cllectin, recycling, and dispsal f the batteries. Regulatins vary fr different cuntries. Dispse f in accrdance with lcal regulatins. Agilent Technlgies, thrugh Rechargeable Battery Recycling Crpratin (RBRC), ffers free and cnvenient battery recycling ptins in the U.S. and Canada. Cntact RBRC at RECYCLE ( ) r nline at: fr the nearest recycling lcatin 112 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

113 Hardkey/Sftkey Menus Mde CAT Cable and Antenna Test Pwer Meter Pwer Meter NA Vectr Netwrk Analyzer VVM Vectr Vlt Meter This sectin shws the FieldFx Hardkey and Sftkey menu structure fr ALL ptins installed. Yur FieldFx may nt include all f these menu items. The fllwing cnventins are used in the FieldFx and in this manual: Grey brdered indicates frnt panel hardkey selectins. Hardkeys are dedicated keys that d nt change functinality. The fllwing sftkeys change dynamically: Blue indicates available settings. Black indicates the factry default r currently selected setting. Green indicates mre settings are available at a new menu level. Yellw indicates an active entry is in prcess. On Off Underlined items indicate current setting. Press t tggle between settings. Reslutin [201] Brackets indicate the factry default r current setting. Press t select a different setting. Freq/Dist CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde VVM All Meas except DTF Frequency Start Frequency Start Stp Stp Center Center Span Span All DTF Mdes ONLY Start Distance Stp Distance Min Start Freq Max Stp Freq Settings Mre Max Freq Span Hardkey/Sftkey Menus 113

114 Center Freq DTF Units Back Scale/Amptd CAT Autscale Scale/Div Ref Level Ref Ps Tp Bttm Pwer Meter Relative On Off Offset On Off Offset Val Scale Min Scale Max Mre Unit dbm (db) Watt (%) Back Autscale Reslutin Back NA Mde Autscale Autscale All Scale Ref Level Ref Ps Mre Electrical Delay Phase Offset Back VVM Reslutin Marker. CAT Marker 1,2,3,4,5,6 Off Nrmal Delta Marker Table On Off Mre Marker 1,2,3,4,5,6 Markers (All Off) Marker Trace Aut Data Mem Back Pwer Meter NA Mde Nne Marker 1,2,3,4,5,6 Off Nrmal Delta Marker Table On Off Mre Marker 1,2,3,4,5,6 Markers All Off Marker Trace Aut Data Mem (Smith and Plar Frmats Only) Marker Frmat Cupled Markers Back VVM Nne 114 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

115 Mkr =>/ Tls. CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde VVM Peak Nne Marker Search Nne Next Peak Tracking ON OFF Peak Left Peak Peak Right Min All except DTF Target Mkr=>Center Bandwidth Mre Bandwidth ON OFF Min Search Mkr-> Peak Excursin Mkr->Center Peak Threshld Mkr->Delay Back Back DTF ONLY Peak Searches Mre Peak Marker=>Start Distance Next Peak Marker=>Stp Distance Peak Left Track Peaks ON OFF Peak Right Find 3 Peaks Peak Criteria Back Peak Excursin Peak Threshld Back Back Measure 1 CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde VVM Distance t Fault Nne S11 1-Prt Cable Trimming Return Lss & DTF( S21 2-Prt Transmissin Return Lss(dB) S12 VSWR S22 DTF (VSWR) Frmat Mre Lg Mag Cable Lss (1- Prt) Insertin Lss (2- Prt) DTF (Lin) Back Linear VSWR Phase Smith Mre Plar Grup Delay Hardkey/Sftkey Menus 115

116 Unwrap Phase Mre A B R1 R2 Surce Prt Aut Prt1 Prt2 BW 2 CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde VVM Average 1 Averaging On Off Average 1 IF BW Num Averages IF BW 300 Hz 1kHz 3 khz 10 khz 30 khz Smthing ON OFF Sm Aperture 1.50% Sweep 3 CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde VVM Single Single Single Nne Cntinuus On Off Restart Cntinuus On Off Cntinuus On Off Restart Reslutin 101 [201] Reslutin 101 [201] MinSwpTime 0.0 MinSwpTime 0.0 Meas Setup 4 CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde VVM Settings Averaging On Off Settings Zer Output Pwer High Lw Num Averages Calibratin (Settings) Zer Off Interference Rej. Unit Output Pwer High Lw Hld Off dbm (db) Prt Extensins Single Minimum Medium Maximum DTF Settings ONLY DTF Windw Watt (%) Back Relative On Off Frequency Prt Extensins ON OFF Velcity Factr 1.00 Back Cntinuus ON OFF Mre Restart Avg N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

117 DTF ONLY DTF Cable Specs Velcity Factr Cable Lss Cable Crr Aut Man Recall Cax Cable View Cable Data Back Frequency Mde Bandpass DTF & Return Lss ONLY Alternate Sweep Back Cal 5 CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde See page 53 Ext Zer See page 53 VVM Trace 6 CAT Data =>Mem Data Memry Data & Memry All except DTF Data Math Math Off Data + Mem Data - Mem Data / Mem Back Pwer Meter Nne Trace 1, 2, 3, 4 Num f Traces NA Mde x1, x2, x2h, x3h, x4 Math and Memry Data =>Mem Data Memry Data & Memry Data Math Math Off Data + Mem Data - Mem Data / Mem VVM Nne System 7 Save/Recall 9 All Mdes Display Display Clrs Outdr Sun All Mdes Save Shws labeler Select BackSpace Hardkey/Sftkey Menus 117

118 Outdr Dusk Outdr Cluds Indr Night Visin Back Brightness Title Title On Off Edit Keywrds Back Full Screen Preferences Language See the list f languages n page 99. Save Current Preferences Reset Preferences Battery Saver ON OFF Back System Cnfiguratin Optins (Licensing) GPS Shw Optins Install Optin Back OFF External Sync Clck Display ON OFF Lat/Ln Frmat Elevatin Unit Frequency Ref Freq Ref Surce Int Ext Back Date and Time LAN Service Diagnstics System Infrmatin Errr Lg Battery Next Page Previus Page Clear Errrs Internal Temperatures Advanced Clear Cancel Dne Recall Shws list f files Device Recall File Srt by Name Srt by Date Next Page Previus Page Cancel Internal SD Card USB File Type Mre Dne State Trace + State Picture Data (SNP) Data (CSV) Manage Files Shws files Cpy File Cpy All Files Delete File Cancel Manage Flders Change Flder Create Flder Delete Flder Exit Prefix Shws labeler Prefix ON OFF Edit Keywrds Shws keywrds Edit Shws labeler Cancel 118 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

119 Erase User Data Back Limit 8 CAT Pwer Meter NA Mde VVM Edit Min Limit ON OFF Edit Nne Left Min Limit Value Left Right Right Clear Limit Max Limit ON OFF Clear Limit All Limits Off Max Limit Value All Limits Off Exit Exit Save Limits Save Limits Recall Limits Recall Limits Optins Optins Beep ON OFF Beep ON OFF Warning ON OFF Warning ON OFF Back Back Preset. Preset Mde Preset All Mdes Run / Hld +/- All Mdes Press t tggle between Cntinuus and Single sweep. Hardkey/Sftkey Menus 119

120 Safety Cnsideratins Agilent has designed and tested the FieldFx in accrdance with IEC Publicatin :2001 Safety Requirements fr Electrical Equipment fr Measurement, Cntrl and Labratry Use, and the FieldFx is supplied in a safe cnditin. The FieldFx is als designed fr use in Installatin Categry II and pllutin Degree 2 per IEC and IEC respectively. Read the fllwing safety ntices carefully befre yu start t use this FieldFx t ensure safe peratin and t maintain the prduct in a safe cnditin. Fr the FieldFx WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING N peratr serviceable parts inside except fr the lithium in battery. Refer servicing t qualified persnnel. T prevent electrical shck d nt remve cvers. If this prduct is nt used as specified, the prtectin prvided by the equipment culd be impaired. This prduct must be used in a nrmal cnditin (in which all means fr prtectin are intact) when attached t the AC DC adapter. The unit may be used nly in the perating cnditins and psitins specified by the manufacturer. The Agilent N9923A cmplies with the fllwing standards IEC nd Editin/EN nd Editin Canada: CSA C22.2 N USA: UL nd Editin D nt install substitute parts r perfrm any unauthrized mdificatin t the prduct. Return the prduct t Agilent Technlgies r a designated repair center fr service t ensure that safety features are maintained. WARNING Applicable lcal r natinal safety regulatins and rules fr the preventin f accidents must be bserved in all wrk perfrmed. WARNING Ensure that the cnnectins with infrmatin technlgy equipment cmply with IEC950 I EN WARNING Observe all ratings and markings f the instrument befre cnnecting the instrument. Maximum Input Vltages and Pwer: PORT 1 Cnnectr: ±50 VDC, +23 dbm RF Ext Trig/Ref Cnnectr: 5.5 V DC PORT 2 Cnnectr: ±50 VDC, +23 dbm RF DC Input: 19VDC, 4ADC 120 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

121 WARNING When perfrming a measurement, ensure that the right safety and perfrmance ratings f the instrument and accessries are used. D nt expse the circuit r perate the instrument withut its cver r while pwer is being supplied. D nt perate the instrument in any envirnment at risk f explsin. CAUTION CAUTION The pwer crd and cnnectrs shall be cmpatible with the cnnectr used in the premise electrical system. Failure t ensure adequate earth grunding by nt using the crrect cmpnents may cause prduct damage and serius injury. The measuring terminals n this instrument are designed t be used with external signals described in Measurement Categry I, but NOT with external signals described in Categries. Fr the AC/DC Adapter WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING The AC/DC adapter is a Safety Class 1 Prduct (prvided with a prtective earthing grund incrprated in the pwer crd). The mains plug shall nly be inserted in a scket utlet prvided with a prtective earth cntact. Any interruptin f the prtective cnductr inside r utside f the prduct is likely t make the prduct dangerus. Intentinal interruptin is prhibited. Use nly the designated AC/DC adapter supplied with the instrument. Use nly the designated pwer crd supplied with the AC/DC adapter. N peratr serviceable parts inside this prduct. D nt perfrm any unauthrized mdificatin t the prduct. Return the prduct t Agilent Technlgies r a designated repair center fr service t ensure that safety features are maintained. Operated at an ambient temperature: 0 t 40 C; full pwer rating; derate linearly t 50 W at 50 C. Maximum utput rating: +15V/4.0 A. Input rating: AC V, 50/60Hz Main Plug : Use a 3 pin main plug that cmplies with IEC , Plugs and Scket Outlets fr Husehld and Similar Purpses Parts1: General Requirements and cuntry specific safety authrity requirements, such as UL, SA, BSI, VDE, CCC, SA, NZ, and PSE. Appliance Cnnectr: Use an appliance cnnectr certified t IEC /EN requirements Safety Cnsideratins 121

122 WARNING T prevent electrical shck, discnnect the AC t DC adapter frm the mains befre cleaning. Use a dry clth r ne slightly dampened with water t clean the external case parts. D nt attempt t clean internally. WARNING WARNING CAUTION When the FieldFx is cnnected t the AC/DC adapter, psitin the adapter s the pwer crd is readily accessible. The pwer crd is the discnnecting device. It remves main pwer t the AC/DC adapter. The FieldFx frnt panel switch is nly fr the DC pwer within the instrument, and nt fr the AC/DC adapter. Alternately, an AC switch r circuit breaker (which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the peratr) may be installed and used as a discnnecting device t remve mains pwer frm the AC/DC adapter. T avid verheating, always discnnect the FieldFx frm the AC/DC adapter befre string the FieldFx in the backpack. If yu prefer t leave the FieldFx cnnected t the AC/DC adapter while inside the backpack, yu can discnnect the AC/DC adapter frm its AC pwer surce t prevent verheating. The AC/DC adapter has an aut ranging line vltage input be sure the supply vltage is within the specified range. CAUTION CAUTION The AC/DC adapter is fr indr use nly. Never use a mdified r damaged charger. Use the riginal AC DC adapter ONLY. CAUTION The AC/DC adapter is designed fr use in Installatin Categry II and Pllutin Degree 2 per IEC Secnd Editin. Fr the External Battery Charger (N9910X 872) CAUTION If charging batteries externally, use the ptinal external charger available frm Agilent, r anther SMBus charger f level II r higher. Never use a nn SMBus charger because the battery issues cmmands ver the SMBus t the charger t cntrl the charge rate and vltage. Never use a mdified r damaged charger. Fr the Battery Lithium battery packs may get ht, explde, r ignite and cause serius injury if expsed t abuse cnditins. Be sure t fllw these safety warnings: 122 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

123 WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING WARNING Lithium in batteries: Must nt be expsed t high temperatures (>70 C) r fire. Must be kept away frm children. Must nt be shrt circuited. Must be replaced nly with Agilent qualified Li in batteries. If replaced r charged imprperly, there is a danger f explsin. D nt cnnect the psitive terminal and negative terminal f the battery t each ther with any metal bject (such as wire). D nt carry r stre the battery with necklaces, hairpins, r ther metal bjects. D nt pierce the battery with nails, strike the battery with a hammer, step n the battery, r therwise subject it t strng impacts r shcks. D nt slder directly nt the battery. D nt expse the battery t water r salt water, r allw the battery t get wet. D nt disassemble r mdify the battery. The battery cntains safety and prtectin devices, which if damaged, may cause the battery t generate heat, explde, r ignite. D nt place the battery in direct sunlight, r use r stre the battery inside cars in ht weather. Ding s may cause the battery t generate heat, explde, r ignite. Using the battery in this manner may als result in a lss f perfrmance and a shrtened life expectancy. There is a danger f explsin if the battery is incrrectly replaced. Replace nly with the same r equivalent type f battery recmmended. Discard used batteries accrding t manufacturer s instructins. If yu are charging the batteries internally, even while the FieldFx is pwered ff, the FieldFx may becme warm. Allw fr prper ventilatin. D nt discharge the battery using any device except the FieldFx r the external battery charger (N9910X 872). When the battery is used in a device ther than thse specified, it may damage the battery r reduce its life expectancy. If the device causes an abnrmal current t flw, it may cause the battery t becme ht, explde, r ignite and cause serius injury Safety Cnsideratins 123

124 Battery Prtective Functins The fllwing prtective functins are designed int the lithium-in rechargeable battery system used in FieldFx. The prtective functins can be divided between tw categries: active and passive. Active prtectin refers t the type f prtectin that depends n at least tw r mre prtectin devices wrking tgether t enable the prtectin Passive prtectin refers t the type f prtectin that is always enabled independent f any ther prtectin device. Active Prtectin Primary Overcharge Vltage: This prevents the battery frm being charged if the vltage acrss any cell exceeds apprximately 4.35 V per cell. Once the vercharge prtectin is tripped, the vltage acrss each cell must drp belw apprximately 4.15 V t reset the prtectin and permit charging. Secndary Overcharge Vltage: This is a ne-time, permanent prtectin that is triggered when the vltage acrss any cell exceeds apprximately 4.45 V. Once this prtectin is tripped, the battery can n lnger be used and must be replaced. Overdischarge Vltage: This prevents the battery frm discharging if the vltage acrss any cell drps belw apprximately 2.6 V. Once the verdischarge vltage prtectin is tripped, the vltage acrss each cell must be charged t apprximately 3 V t reset the prtectin and permit discharging. Primary Overcharge Current: This prevents the battery frm being charged if the average charging current reaches r exceeds 3.5A fr a time perid f 120 secnds r mre. Secndary Overcharge Current: This prevents the battery frm being charged if the charging current reaches r exceeds 4A+/ 20% fr a time perid f 20 millisecnds r mre. Primary Overdischarge Current: This prevents the battery frm being discharged if the average current ut f the battery reaches r exceeds 5A fr a time perid f 120 secnds r mre. This prtectin can be reset by remving the lad. Secndary Overdischarge Current: This prevents the battery frm being discharged if the current ut f the battery reaches r exceeds 6A fr a time perid f 20 millisecnds r mre. This prtectin can be reset by remving the lad. Shrt Circuit Prtectin: This prevents the battery frm being charged r discharged and prtects against damage r lst data if the current in r ut f the battery reaches r exceeds 12.5A fr a time perid f 183 micrsecnds r mre. This prtectin can be reset by remving the lad. Overtemperature Charging: The system micrcntrller prevents the battery frm being charged if the cell temperature exceeds 46C. Once the vertemperature charging prtectin is tripped, the cell temperature has t drp t r belw 45C t reset the prtectin and permit charging. Overtemperature Discharging: The system micrcntrller prevents the battery frm being discharged if the cell temperature exceeds 65C. Once the vertemperature discharging prtectin is tripped, the battery is autmatically shut ff which results in turning ff the instrument as well. 124 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

125 Passive Prtectin Reverse Charging: A reverse prtectin dide prevents against damage r lst data due t a reverse charge plarity applied t the battery terminals. Primary Overtemperature: A PTC(psitive temperature cefficient) plyfuse in series between the Li-in cells and the charging and discharging transistrs will pen up and limit current flw t the battery terminals as a functin f very high temperatures. This prtectin is resettable nce the verstress cnditin is remved. The maximum perating temperature f this fuse is 85C. Secndary Overtemperature: A secnd PTC plyfuse built int each Li-in cell will pen up and limit current flw as a functin f very high temperatures. Tertiary Overtemperature: A current interrupt device (CID) within each Li-in cell will permanently pen up when the temperature reaches 95C. As each cell fuse is permanently interrupted, verall battery perfrmance will becme severely degraded, up t and including disabling the battery. Overcurrent Fuse: This is a ne-time blw fuse with a rated current f 12A. Safety Cnsideratins 125

126 Batteries: Safe Handling and Dispsal 126 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

127 Inspired Energy Battery Safety Cnsideratins 127

128 128 N9923A FieldFx User s Guide

129 Safety Cnsideratins 129