Goal Models for Acceptance Requirements Analysis and Gamification Design

Transcription

1 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements Analysis and Gamificatin Design Luca Piras, Elda Paja, Pal Girgini and Jhn Mylpuls University f Trent, Trent (Italy) {luca.piras, elda.paja, pal.girgini, jhn.mylpuls}@unitn.it 36th Internatinal Cnference n Cnceptual Mdeling (ER-2017) Nvember 7, 2017, Valencia (ES)

2 Outline Sftware Acceptance and Gamificatin Agn: an Acceptance Requirements Framewrk Agn in Actin: the PACAS Case Study Cnclusins ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin 2

3 Outline Sftware Acceptance and Gamificatin Agn: an Acceptance Requirements Framewrk Agn in Actin: the PACAS Case Study Cnclusins ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin 3

4 Gamificatin The use f game design elements in nn-game cntexts [Deterding 11] Gamificatin cncepts: Cre: Pints Case studies: Leader bards Badges [Hh 12] [Cwley 11] [Kazhamiakin 15] [Walsh 12] Success cases: Advanced: Levels, paths, challenges, stries, feedback, prgress, Gamificatin Best Practices, Guidelines, Design Patterns, etc. ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 4

5 Gamificatin Engineering Cmplex: Which gamificatin cncepts shuld I use? Which parts are t be gamified? Hw culd I put tgether gamificatin cncepts? Which are the best practices/design patterns? User Characterizatin and Psychlgical Factrs Hetergeneus prfessinals: Hw culd I mtivate particular kinds f Users/Players? Time-cnsuming Nt autmatized High-csts -> Expensive Incentive Mechanisms Cmputer Scientists Psychlgists Scilgists ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 5

6 What d we need? Mdels (acceptance and gamificatin knwledge) Methdlgy: A Systematic Acceptance Requirements Analysis Based n Gamificatin ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 6

7 Outline Sftware Acceptance and Gamificatin Agn: an Acceptance Requirements Framewrk Agn in Actin: the PACAS Case Study Cnclusins ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin 7

8 Agn: an acceptance requirements framewrk [Piras ER 17] A special Class f Quality Requirements [Li 14] -> Acceptance Requirements: The framewrk ffers a metamdel fr acceptance requirements, gamificatin slutins and the links inbetween Acceptance mdel cnsiders psychlgical factrs and hw t address them Tactical mdel links acceptance prblems t gamificatin slutins Gamificatin mdel describes gamificatin slutins alng multiple dimensins, e.g., user prfiles, gaming cncepts, best practices/guidelines ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 8

9 Metamdels Gal Mdeling techniques (NFR Framewrk) [L. Chung, B. Nixn, E. Yu, and J. Mylpuls 12] An extract f the mdel Acceptance mdel encmpasses several mdels frm the literature: Unified Thery f Acceptance and Use f Technlgy (UTAUT), the Technlgy Acceptance Mdel (TAM2), the Thery f Reasned Actin (TRA), the Thery f Planned Behavir (TPB), the Cmbined TAM and TPB (C-TAM-TPB), etc. ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 9

10 Metamdels An extract f the mdel Gamificatin mdel: pint systems (i.e., experience, redeemable, skill, karma, reputatin and training pints), badges, leader bards, levels, paths, gamified training (i.e., suggestins, tricks, turs, tutrials, training paths), gamified market (i.e., rewards and market plicies f redeeming, making gifts, purchasing), game rles, pwers, unlckable pwers, etc. best practices/guidelines ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 10

11 Metamdels and the cntext mdel Tactical mdel: captures alternative tactics fr fulfilling acceptance requirements by using gamificatin requirements; prvides ur framewrk with enugh flexibility t add alternative slutin mdels (serius games mdel, tangible incentives mdel, ) An extract f the mdel [Piras RCIS 17] Cntext mdel - User Cntext Mdel and Cntext Dependant Rules: critical user dimensins, adpted frm the literature [6], [9], [17], [18], that in the real life make difference in the way f peple reacting t acceptance and gamificatin techniques ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 11

12 Metamdels and the cntext mdel (2) Statistics: 352 gals, 487 relatinships (refinements, peratinalizatins, psitive/negative cntributins, ) ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 12

13 Outline Sftware Acceptance and Gamificatin Agn: an Acceptance Requirements Framewrk Agn in Actin: the PACAS Case Study Cnclusins ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin 13

14 Gamificatin f Cmplex Systems Participatry Architectural Change MAnagement in ATM Systems (PACAS) ( Innvatin f current ATM prcedures A Decisin-Making platfrm fr Air Traffic Management (ATM) Decisin makers Engagement Agreement ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 14

15 An extract frm the PACAS Case Study Agn Framewrk Cntext Characterizatin - System - User - Cntext Instantiate Interact Instantiate Define Requirements Analyst Challenges, Paths, Levels, Badges, etc. ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 15

16 Outline Sftware Acceptance and Gamificatin Agn: an Acceptance Requirements Framewrk Agn in Actin: the PACAS Case Study Cnclusins ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin 16

17 Cnclusins Agn: an Acceptance Requirements Framewrk based n Gamificatin: Supprt fr the requirements analyst A Systematic Acceptance Requirements Analysis Agn Meta-Mdel Gamificatin Slutins PACAS Case study: Gamificatin f the decisin making PACAS Platfrm Evaluatins with Experts and Nn-experts Onging and future wrk: Evaluatins with Experts and Nn-experts 5 case studies ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 17

18 References (1) 1. J. Beer and L. Takayama, Mbile Remte Presence Systems fr Older Adults: Acceptance, Benefits, and Cncerns, in Prc. f the 6 th internatinal cnference n Human-rbt interactin. ACM, K. Arning, B. Trevisan, M. Ziefle, and E. Jakbs, Eliciting User Requirements and Acceptance fr Custmizing Mbile Device System Architecture, in Design, User Experience, and Usability. Design Philsphy, Methds, and Tls. Springer, 2013, pp F. Davis and V. Venkatesh, Tward Preprttype User Acceptance Testing f New Infrmatin Systems: Implicatins fr Sftware Prject Management, IEEE Transactins n Engineering Management, R. Pstn and A. Calvert, Visin 2020: The Future f Sftware Quality Management and Impacts n Glbal User Acceptance, in HCI in Business. Springer, 2015, pp M. Kaptein, P. Markpuls, B. De Ruyter, and E. Aarts, Persnalizing Persuasive Technlgies: Explicit and Implicit Persnalizatin Using Persuasin Prfiles, Intern. Jurnal f Human-Cmputer Studies, G. Zichermann and C. Cunningham, Gamificatin by Design: Implementing Game Mechanics in Web and Mbile Apps. "O Reilly", J. Schell, The Art f Game Design: A bk f lenses. CRC Press, L. Piras, G. Valett, A. Marcni, and M. Pistre, Virtual Caches fr Missin-Based Gamified Smart Cmmunities, in CHI-PLAY 2015 Wrkshp, Persnalizatin in Serius and Persuasive Games and Gamified Interactins. ACM, ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 18

19 References (2) 9. V. Venkatesh, M. Mrris, G. Davis, and F. Davis, User Acceptance f Infrmatin Technlgy: Tward a Unified View, MIS quarterly, V. Venkatesh and F. Davis, A Theretical Extensin f the Technlgy Acceptance Mdel: Fur Lngitudinal Field Studies, Management science, vl. 46, n. 2, pp , B. Sheppard, J. Hartwick, and P. Warshaw, The Thery f Reasned Actin: A Meta-Analysis f Past Research with Recmmendatins fr Mdificatins and Future Research, Jurnal f Cns. Research, I. Ajzen, The Thery f Planned Behavir, Organizatinal Behavir and Human Decisin Prcesses, vl. 50, n. 2, pp , S. Taylr and P. Tdd, Assessing IT Usage: The Rle f Prir Experience, MIS quarterly, pp , J. Mylpuls, L. Chung, and B. Nixn, Representing and Using Nnfunctinal Requirements: A Prcess-Oriented Apprach, IEEE Transactins n Sftware Engineering, vl. 18, n. 6, pp , L. Chung, B. Nixn, E. Yu, and J. Mylpuls, Nn-Functinal Requirements in Sftware Engineering. Springer, 2012, vl J. Hamari, D Badges Increase User Activity? A Field Experiment n the Effects f Gamificatin, Cmputers in Human Behavir, J. Kivist and J. Hamari, Demgraphic Differences in Perceived Benefits frm Gamificatin, Cmputers in Human Behavir, ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 19

20 References (3) 18. R. Bartle, Hearts, Clubs, Diamnds, Spades: Players Wh Suit MUDs, Jurnal f MUD Research, G. Orsi and L. Tanca, Cntext Mdelling and Cntext-Aware Querying, in Datalg Reladed. Springer, 2011, pp L. Piras, P. Girgini, and J. Mylpuls. Full mdels f this wrk. [Online]. Available: R. Kazhamiakin, A. Marcni, M. Perill, M. Pistre, G. Valett, L. Piras, F. Avesani, and N. Perri, Using Gamificatin t Incentivize Sustainable Urban Mbility, in 1st Intern. Smart Cities Cnf. (ISC2). IEEE, A. Sutcliffe, P. Raysn, C. Bull, and P. Sawyer, Discvering Affect-Laden Requirements t Achieve System Acceptance, in 22nd Internatinal Requirements Engineering Cnference (RE). IEEE, ER-17 Gal Mdels fr Acceptance Requirements and Gamificatin luca.piras@unitn.it 20

21 Thanks fr yur attentin Luca Piras University f Trent, Trent (Italy) luca.piras@unitn.it