ADDITIONAL COMPATIBILITY STUDIES RELATING TO PWMS IN THE BAND MHz EXCLUDING THE BANDS MHz AND MHz

Transcription

1 Electrnic Cmmunicatins Cmmittee (ECC) within the Eurpean Cnference f stal and Telecmmunicatins Administratins (CET) ADDITIONAL COMATIBILITY STUDIES RELATING TO WMS IN THE BAND MHz EXCLUDING THE BANDS MHz AND MHz Trmsø, May 2010

2 age 2 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ECC Reprt 121 prvides cmpatibility studies between rfessinal Wireless Micrphne Systems (WMS) and the services pssibly affected by their deplyment in the bands MHz, MHz, MHz als cnsidering the services in the adjacent bands (belw 1452 MHz and abve 1559 MHz). Thse studies cncluded that sharing between WMS devices and Mbile Satellite Service (MSS) in the bands MHz and MHz is nt feasible, withut cnsidering mitigatin techniques like Detect and Avid (DAA). The aim f this reprt is t investigate the pssibility f using DAA t imprve the sharing situatin between fixed indr installed WMS and MSS in the band MHz (excluding MHz and MHz). The use f WMS in the MSS dwnlink band MHz (excluding MHz and MHz), cnsidered in this reprt, is limited t in-ear mnitring in indr installatins, which can be subject f regulatry prvisins. In ECC Reprt 121 three types f representative GSO MES terminals namely GAN, BGAN and handheld were cnsidered. Further, in this reprt the fllwing systems/terminal types have been cnsidered t expand the cmpatibility studies: Fleet 77 (F77) Fleet Bradband (FBB), Swift Bradband (SBB), AMS (R) S VOLNA, Cmplementary Grund Cmpnent (CGC). In respect t the investigated DAA the fllwing tw main characteristics f MSS systems are t be cnsidered: There are tw kinds f Gestatinary Orbit (GSO) MSS systems, ne with fixed duplex spacing between the uplink and dwnlink directins and the ther with flexible duplex spacing. Sme MSS services perate in uplink nly r dwnlink nly, either cntinuusly r intermittently, s that the presence r absence f a signal in the uplink spectrum des nt definitely indicate the presence r absence f a signal in the dwnlink directin at the same instant. Based n the abve cnsideratins and n the results f the studies, it was fund that the current prpsed WMS cncept using DAA techniques is nt feasible fr the detectin f MSS signals in the whle band MHz fr the fllwing reasns: The prtectin f MSS thrugh the detectin f its uplink signal is nt achievable because it is nt pssible t determine thrugh mnitring f the uplink spectrum whether r nt there are MSS signals present in the dwnlink spectrum; this cnclusin is based n MSS systems with a flexible duplex spacing and MSS services with signals nly in the dwnlink directin. The dwnlink detectin is nt feasible because the signal levels f sme sensitive carrier types that wuld need t be detected by the WMS mnitring equipement are belw the nise flr f the mnitring equipment due t the lack f gain f its antenna. Within ETSI, a Special Task Frce (STF 386) has been established t study different methds and test prcedures fr cgnitive interference mitigatin techniques fr use by MSE devices (rgramme Making and Special Events). Review f existing studies and/r additinal cmpatibility studies may be required if this task frce identifies any ptential and innvative new mitigatin techniques.

3 age 3 Table f cntents 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 2 ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION DESCRITION OF WMS MSS SYSTEMS IN THE BAND MHZ MSS BANDS AND ALLOCATIONS MSS SERVICES MSS DELOYMENT COMLEMENTARY GROUND COMONENT (CGC) ARAMETERS LIST OF VISIBLE SATELLITES IN EUROE COMATIBILITY SITUATION WITHOUT MITIGATIONS RINCILE OF THE DAA MECHANISM INVESTIGAED DAA DETECTION THRESHOLD VALUES MSS ULINK DETECTION MSS DOWNLINK MONITORING THRESHOLD VALUES OTIONS CONSIDERED FOR WMS OERATION OTION 1: ULINK DETECTION OTION 2: DOWNLINK DETECTION INVESTIGATED DAA CONCET CONCLUSIONS AMS(R)S SERVICES OTHER MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEMS... 25

4 age 4 ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviatin AES AMS(R)S BACH Band III Band IV Band V BCCH BGAN CCCH CD CET CGC DAA DAU e.i.r.p. EC E&E services F77 FBB FFT FS GAN GMDSS GSO HD ITU LOS MES MSS FD LMN WMS RF RR SBB SESAR SIM TR Explanatin Aernautical satellite terminal Aernautical Mbile Satellite (Rute) Service Bradcasting Alert Channel Channels ( MHz) Channels ( MHz) Channels ( MHz) Bradcast Cntrl Channel Bradband Glbal Area Netwrk Cmmn Cntrl Channel Cmpact Disk Eurpean Cnference f stal and Telecmmunicatins Administratins Cmplementary Grund Cmpnent Detect and Avid Data Acquisitin Unit Equivalent istrpically radiated pwer Eurpean Cmmissin Existing and evlving satellite services prvided via Inmarsat-3 glbal and spt beams and Inmarsat-4 glbal and reginal beams Service in Inmarsat maritime services family and ne amng many E&E services Fleet Bradband service (maritime service) prvided via Inmarsat-4 narrw spt beams Fast Furier transfrm Fixed Service Glbal Area Netwrk Glbal Maritime Distress Safety System GeStatinnary Orbit High Definitin Internatinal Telecmmunicatin Unin Line Of Sight Mbile Earth Statin Mbile Satellite Service wer Flex Density ublic Land Mbile Netwrk rfessinal Wireless Micrphne Systems Radi Frequency Radi Regulatins Inmarsat SwiftBradband service (aernautical service) prvided via Inmarsat-4 narrw spt beams Single Eurpean Sky rgramme Subscriber Identity Mdule Technical Reprt

5 Additinal Cmpatibility Studies relating t WMS in the band MHz excluding the bands MHz and MHz ECC REORT 147 age 5 1 INTRODUCTION ECC Reprt 121 [1] prvides cmpatibility studies between WMS (rfessinal Wireless Micrphne Systems) and the services pssibly affected by their deplyment in the bands MHz, MHz, MHz als cnsidering the services in the adjacent bands (belw 1452 MHz and abve 1559 MHz). Thse studies cncluded that sharing between WMS devices and Mbile Satellite Service in the bands MHz and MHz is nt feasible, withut cnsidering mitigatin techniques such as the DAA cncept. The aim f this reprt is t investigate the pssibility f using DAA t imprve the sharing situatin between fixed indr installed WMS systems and MSS in the band MHz (excluding MHz and MHz). 2 DESCRITION OF WMS The term WMS includes all wireless equipment used at the frnt-end f all prfessinal audi prductins. WMS are intended fr use in the entertainment and installed sund industry by rfessinal Users invlved in stage prductins, public events, TV prgramme prductin, public and private bradcasters installatin in cnference centres / rms, city halls, musical and theatres, sprt / event centres r ther prfessinal activities / installatin. WMS have traditinally been used in bradcasting bands III, IV and V, since The grwth f theatrical and musical prductins alng with the requirements f wireless micrphnes in all frms f media, plus the grwth f independent televisin and film prductin has resulted in the plethra f uses. The main characteristics f WMS systems are prvided in ETSI TR [2] which prvides the technical characteristics required t assess the cmpatibility between WMS and ther systems/services. Tw types f WMS systems are cnsidered: Radimicrphne transmitters (either hand held, r used as bdy packs, where the transmitter unit will be hidden abut the persn f the artist, using a minimally-sized micrphne affixed t their clthing). Wireless micrphnes, including the new High Definitin micrphnes. These wuld be bth hand held and bdy wrn devices, used mainly indrs, but with sme utdr usage. In Ear Mnitr transmitters using fixed installatins Frequency band 1452 MHz t 1492 MHz 1492 MHz t 1530 MHz and 1533 MHz t 1559 MHz Maximum mean pwer and mean pwer density Duty cycle Channel spacing (see nte 1) Remarks 50 mw e.i.r.p. N restrictin Up t 600 khz All user grups individual license required. 50 mw e.i.r.p. N restrictin Up t 600 khz All user grups individual license required. Fr indr installatins nly. 1. The WMS channel is always at least at a distance f channel spacing/2 frm the respective band edge. Table 1: Extract f the WMS characteristics - ETSI TR [2] Mre details can be fund in ETSI TR [2] and ECC Reprt 121 [1]. WMS are mstly used in urban areas. The usage f WMS systems in the MSS dwnlink band MHz, t be taken int accunt in this reprt, is limited t in-ear mnitring in indr installatins, which can be subject f regulatry prvisins.

6 age 6 WMS are used in theatres, cnference centers r ther venues. In emergency r disaster situatins WMS peratin in the MSS dwnlink band is very unlikely. It is expected that in emergency r disaster situatins, the peratin in these venues will stp. 3 MSS SYSTEMS IN THE BAND MHZ 3.1 MSS bands and allcatins Table 2 gives an verview abut the relevant MSS frequency allcatins and prvisins in the band MHz. Frequency band MHz Dwnlink MOBILE 5.348: SATELLITE (space-t-earth) Nte 1 Relevant RR [4] Ftntes Regin 1 Crdinatin with FS 5.353A: pririty t GMDSS, Nte : limited t distress and safety cmmunicatins Nte MOBILE SATELLITE (space-t-earth) and 5.357A: pririty t aernautical mbile-satellite (R) service, Nte 2 ECC/DEC/(04)09 ECC/DEC/(02)08 and ECC/DEC/( (02)11 Frequency band MHz Uplink Table 2: MSS frequency allcatins and prvisins in the band MHz Nte 1: Mbile-satellite systems shall nt cause unacceptable interference t, r claim prtectin frm, distress, urgency and safety cmmunicatins f the GMDSS. Accunt shall be taken f the pririty f safety-related cmmunicatins in the ther mbile-satellite services. Nte 2: Mbile-satellite systems shall nt cause unacceptable interference t, r claim prtectin frm aernautical mbile-satellite (R) service cmmunicatins with pririty 1 t 6 in Article 44. Accunt shall be taken f the pririty f safety-related cmmunicatins in the ther mbile-satellite services. The MSS bands cvered in this reprt are used fr many different MSS applicatins. Three f the MSS applicatins relate t prvisin f safety and distress cmmunicatins fr the maritime and aernautical cmmunities. The band MHz is identified by RR ftnte 5.353A with a high pririty t Glbal Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the band MHz is limited t distress and safety cmmunicatins (5.356) and the band MHz is identified by RR ftntes and 5.357A with a high pririty t aernautical mbile-satellite (R) service (AMS(R)S). The Eurpean Space Agency and the EC within the Single Eurpean Sky rgramme (SESAR) is using satellite cmmunicatins fr aernautical services. Except f the exclusive band MHz the ther bands are nt exclusive given t safety services but with a certain pririty (see Nte 1 and 2 belw Table 2). It is nt pssible t identify parts f the bands where there are usage limited t maritime and/r aernautical systems.

7 age MSS services Fr the cmpatibility studies it is apprpriate t cnsider the fllwing three types f representative GSO MES terminals (parameters are given in ECC Reprt 121 [1]): GAN BGAN Handheld The fllwing services have nt been cvered in ECC Reprt 121, but have been cnsidered in this reprt t cnduct additinal cmpatibility studies : F77 (maritime Service), FBB (maritime service), SBB (aernautical service), VOLNA, CGC (cmpementary grund cmpnent) Accrding t [6] a MES terminal can nly be have 5 different levels f service: Nrmal Service, Alerting Service, Limited Service, sitin-restricted Service, and N Service. Nrmal Service: the MES has full service access t the GMR-1 system and sufficient signal quality fr tw-way cmmunicatin. the MES shall be registered. the MES shall select a suitable spt beam, tune t that spt beam's BCCH + CCCH assciated with the selected LMN, and register within the LMN (public land mbile netwrk). Limited Service: There are a number f situatins in which the MES is nt allwed t register with any LMN r the LMN denies registratin, but the signal strength is acceptable fr Nrmal Service. Example: N SIM in the MES. sitin-restricted service: There are a number f situatins in which the registratin status f the MES cannt be determined, and access t the system is blcked in any case. The inability t btain Nrmal Service is due t ne r mre f the fllwing factrs: An "Invalid sitin" r "Invalid sitin fr the MES's Service rvider" respnse t a Channel Request. A "sitin T Old" respnse t a Channel Request fr an LR. Alerting Service: The purpse f this service is t ntify registered users when they have an incming call, under highly attenuated signal cnditins. The Alerting Service has the fllwing features: The signal level is t lw fr nrmal peratin. Therefre, a special high-penetratin alerting channel with mdulatin suitable fr very lw signal t nise ratis, called the BACH, is used. Therefre, the MES has limited knwledge abut the incming call at the pint f receptin f the alert. The MES might nt be able t mnitr bradcast infrmatin in signal cnditins where the Alerting Service is functining. The high-penetratin alerting channel is ne-way. The user shall mve the MES int a psitin in which it can btain Nrmal Service in rder t respnd t the high-penetratin alert. N Service: If the MES cannt btain any better level f service, it is in N Service. The MES may be in the prcess f acquiring the system but nt camped n any system channel; r the signal may have

8 age 8 drpped int the high penetratin alerting range, but it is nt registered r it may nt be camped n the prper BACH; r the signal may be insufficient fr high penetratin alerting. Technical details f MSS-GSO systems are given in [5] and [6] 3.3 MSS deplyment Table 3 gives an verview abut the wrldwide deplyment f relevant MSS terminals f ne glbal MSS peratr. As at 30 th September 2009 (000 s) Maritime Land mbile Aernautical Ttal active terminals Table 3: verview abut the wrldwide deplyment f relevant MSS terminals (ne glbal peratr) Additinal infrmatin abut Inmarsat subscribers BGAN: Fleet Bradband: Cmplementary Grund Cmpnent (CGC) parameters It has t be nted, that the characteristics f the L-band CGC system are still beeing refined taking int accunt the issues surrunding the cmpatibility with ther systems r the prtectin t be affrded t ther systems. Fr the purpse f cmpatibility studies, it was assumed that receivers in CGC terminals have the similar characteristics and the same prtectin criteria as thse f handheld MES. Therefre the parameters as described in chapter are cnsidered.

9 age List f visible satellites in Eurpe In the Table belw a ttal f 15 GSO MSS satellites frm different peratrs are listed, that are visible in Eurpe (infrmatin as fr August 2009). GSO MSS satellites cvering Eurpe Nr peratr name sitin 1 Thuraya Thuraya 2 44,1E 2 Inmarsat I4-F2 25,1E 3 Inmarsat I3-F5 24,8E 4 Inmarsat I3-F4 54W 5 Inmarsat I3-F2 15,4W 6 Inmarsat I3-F1 64,5E 7 RSCC 8 RSCC 9 RSCC 10 RSCC 11 RSCC 12 RSCC 13 RSCC 14 RSCC 15 RSCC VOLNA-2 VOLNA-3R VOLNA-3 VOLNA-4R VOLNA-4 VOLNA-5 VOLNA-5R VOLNA-8 VOLNA-8R 14W 11W 45E 40E 53E 85E 96.5E 90E 80E Table 4: GSO MSS satellites frm different peratrs 4 COMATIBILITY SITUATION WITHOUT MITIGATIONS Table 5 shws the assumed parameters fr MSS frm ECC Reprt 121. Table 5: representative MSS terminal parameters frm ECC Reprt 121

10 age 10 Table 6 prvides the results f calculated separatin distances frm ECC Reprt 121 (n the left side) and new results fr the Fleet 77, FBB and SBB terminals (in the middle) and the results f revised studies with different parameters fr I/N and wall attenuatin (right hand side). NA: Nn Applicable ECC Reprt 121 Fleet and SBB services AMS(R)S I/N=-6, 10dB wall att. I/N=-6, 30dB wall att. GAN BGAN handheld F77 FBB SBB wrst case best case GAN BGAN handheld GAN BGAN handheld f/ghz 1,542 1,542 1,542 1,542 1,542 1,542 1,54 1,54 1,542 1,542 1,542 1,542 1,542 1,542 BW/kHz G/T db/k , G dbi Receiver Nise Themperatur 316,23 398,11 316,23 416,87 398,1 398,1 794,0 794,0 receiver nise flr dbw/bw -155,84-149,61-156,63-165,43-149,61-149,61-159,60-159,60 ideal receiver nise flr at 20 /50 (AMS (R ) S) -156,22-150,99-157,01-167,01-150,99-150,99-165,10-165,10-156,22-150,99-157,01-156,22-150,99-157,01 MSS nise figure db 0,38 1,38 0,38 1,58 1,38 1,38 5,50 5,50 0,38 1,38 0,38 0,38 1,38 0,38 prtectin criterti I/N db Imax dbw/bw -175,84-169,61-176,63-185,43-169,61-169,61-182,60-182,60-161,84-155,61-162,63-161,84-155,61-162,63 MSS antenna gain dbi -4,00-3,00 0,00-3, ,00-3,00 0,00-4,00-3,00 0,00 WMS pwer eirp dbw/bw -18,24-13,01-19,03-29,03-13,01-13,01-21,25-21,25-18,24-13,01-19,03-18,24-13,01-19,03 wall attenuatin db required separatin distance LOS km 232,85 232,85 369,05 227,55 207,5 232,9 804,0 80,4 46,46 46,46 73,64 4,65 4,65 7,36 required separatin distance dual slpe (up t 5km LOS, then exp4) km 34,12 34,12 42,96 33,73 32,2 NA NA NA 15,24 15,24 19,19 4,65 4,65 7,36 required separatin distance (exp3) km 3,78 3,78 5,15 3,73 3,51 NA NA NA 1,29 1,29 1,76 0,28 0,28 0,38 Table 6: Separatin Distances Additinally the fllwing shuld be cnsidered fr aernautical terminals: The line f sight free space prpagatin mdel is applicable in the case f aernautical SBB terminal. The required separatin distance is abut 230 km. At 230 km distance, an SBB terminal culd be in a different satellite beam frm the ne where the WMS transmitter is lcated. It is pssible that ne WMS transmitter can be within the field f view f sme SBB terminal antennas fr a cnsiderable amunt f time. It culd be pssible that sme WMS transmitters are within the field view f ne SBB terminal antenna. Fr the derivatin f uplink detectin threshld levels, it shuld be assumed that up t 10 WMS transmitters can be present but maybe with different prpagatin cnditins each. Fr the AMS(R)S the required separatin distance wuld be grater than 400km, in the aggregate interference scenari with a density f 0.1 WMS transmitters per square kilmeter. With this it can be expected that the abslute cmpatibility between MSS systems (MSS terminals deplyed utdr) and the WMS systems (deplyed indr) can nt be achieved under wrst case cnditins and withut taking int accunt further mitigatin techniques. The required separatin distance varies fr terrestrial MSS terminals between 5 km (I/N -6 db) t 40 km (I/N -20dB). The cncept f Detect And Avid (DAA) technique is prpsed t be further investigated in this reprt with the aim f imprving the c-channel situatin between the utdr deplyed MSS terminal (the MSS Dwnlink) and the indr deplyed WMS installatins.

11 age 11 5 RINCILE OF THE DAA MECHANISM INVESTIGAED It has t be nted that just the MSS terminal can be interfered by the WMS system, therefre the challenge f the DAA mechanism is t detect whether an MSS terminal is there r nt. An MSS terminal that can be affected means in this cntext a physically present terminal which uses a dwnlink frequency. The distances within which MSS terminals may be affected are prvided in sectin 4, table 6. T achieve this gal the fllwing steps were investigated: wer Detectin: Whether it is pssible t cnclude frm the mnitred up- and/r dwnlink bands n the presence f an MSS terminal. Threshld values fr DL (Th DL ) and UL (Th UL ) fr decisin ccupied r nt ccupied -> see chapter 6 Uplink detectin (chapter 6.1): if the mnitred UL pwer is belw the Uplink threshld Th UL then the whle dwnlink can be used by WMS if the mnitred UL pwer is abve the Uplink threshld Th UL at a certain frequency fu then - Fr MSS systems with fixed duplex separatin f 101.5MHz between uplink and dwnlinlk, the dwnlink band fd=fu MHz has t be avided - Fr MSS systems withut fixed duplex separatin either the whle dwnlink band has be avided by WMS r it may be pssible t use parts f the band, using ptential new mitigatin techniques, t be develped by the ETSI special task frce. There are fundamental cncerns with these assumptins fr uplink detectin. Tw characteristics f MSS systems shuld be taken int accunt: Sme MSS systems have flexible duplex spacing, i.e., there is n fixed frequency spacing between uplink and dwnlink carriers. Sme MSS services perate in uplink nly r dwnlink nly, either cntinuusly r intermittently, s that the presence r absence f a signal in the uplink spectrum des nt definitely indicate the presence r absence f a signal in the dwnlink directin at the same instant. Since the prpsed DAA system des nt have the ability t determine what service is perating it wuld nly mnitr the received signal level the first f these characteristics indicates that if an uplink signal is detected, then the whle f the dwnlink band must be avided by WMS. The secnd characteristic indicates that even if n signal is detected in the uplink, the whle dwnlink spectrum must be avided by WMS. In ther wrds, it may be nt pssible t determine nly thrugh mnitring f the uplink spectrum whether r nt there are signals present in the dwnlink spectrum. WMS uplink detectin nly might be therefre nt feasible. Dwnlink detectin (chapter 6.2): If frequency ranges within the Dwnlink band have FD values lwer than the Dwnlink threshld value Th DL then these bands can be used by WMS indr systems Cmbinatin up- and dwnlink detectin Timing f the DAA mechanism: What happens if an MSS Dwnlink channel changes frm unccupied t ccupied Mnitring antenna: Uplink: has t be istrpic and n tp f a building Dwnlink: ne istrpic 0dBi antenna (maybe prblems with the sensitivity) r a directinal antenna with an pening angle f abut 100degrees in the hrizntal plane and abut 8-10dBi (see chapter 8 fr details), e.g. a circular plarized antenna with reflectr.

12 age 12 6 DAA DETECTION THRESHOLD VALUES The threshld values fr MSS detectin are derived in this chapter based n the mst sensitive carriers amng different Inmarsat land, maritime and aernautical services. In additin, the detectin threshlds in bth dwnand uplink directins have t be btained frm the e.i.r.p. values f a single victim carrier. The measured FD values may nt crrespnd t single carrier. In additin, the detectin threshlds are required t be specified in 20 khz fr narrw band services and 50 khz fr medium/wideband and hand-held services. Mrever, the current values given in this cntributin d nt cnsider ther peratrs r pssible future terminals. Once a threshld is established it wuld create a cnstraint fr all future terminals. It shuld be remembered that MSS satellites are getting prgressively bigger, which allws smaller terminals with lwer e.i.r.p. t be deplyed. It is imprtant fr MSS t be allwed t cntinue this evlutin. The principle f the DAA detectin is shwn in Figure 1. Figure 1: rinciple f the DAA detectin 6.1 MSS Uplink detectin Threshld calculatin The DAA ath: The pwer prduced by the MSS uplink at the WMS mnitring antenna can be calculated with the fllwing frmula: R _ WMS / BW 2 T _ MSS / BW 2 GT _ MSS GR _ WMS L1 (1) _ / dbm/bw2: Received pwer at the WMS mnitring receiver n tp f a building R WMS within the Bandwidth BW2

13 age 13 L 1/ db: DAA ath Lss, e.g. Free space lss T _ MSS / dbm/bw2: wer f the MSS terminal within the Bandwidth BW2 G T _ MSS /dbi: Antenna Gain f the MSS terminal in directin f the WMS mnitring antenna ( back lbe gain) G /dbi : Antenna gain f WMS mnitring antenna in directin f the MSS terminal The Interfering ath: The pwer prduced by the WMS indr device at the MSS terminal antenna can be calculated with the fllwing frmula: R _ MSS / BW 2 T _ WMS / BW 2 GT _ WMS GR _ MSS L2 (2) _ / dbm/bw2: Received pwer at the MSS receiver caused by the WMS device within the R MSS L 2 / db: T WMS Bandwidth BW2 Interfering ath Lss, e.g. Free space lss plus wall attenuatin _ / dbm/bw2: wer f the WMS device within the Bandwidth BW2 G _ /dbi: Antenna Gain f the MSS terminal in directin f the WMS indr device R MSS G /dbi : Antenna gain f the WMS indr device in directin f the MSS terminal ( back lbe gain) T get the cnnectin between the DAA path and the Interfering path we can take the mathematical difference between Frmula 1 and Frmula 2: / BW 2 G G G G L L (3) R _ MSS / BW 2 T _ MSS / BW 2 / BW 2 T _ MSS R _ MSS ath lss mdel Fr the path lss calculatin the fllwing frmulas are prpsed: Single slpe mdel: L(d,f)=32.5 db + 10*n*lg(r/m) + 20*lg(f/GHz) + A (4) Dual slpe mdel: L(d,f)=32.5 db + 20*lg(R0/m) + 20*lg(f/GHz) +10*n*lg(r/R0) + A (5) with n = path lss expnent and A =the building attenuatin R0=LOS up t r0 and beynd with the expnent n ECC Reprt 121 has assumed fr the interfering path (L2) A=10dB N=2 up t R0=5km, and n=4 beynd 5 km MES uplink characteristics As n tday, the mst sensitive E&E carrier in the uplink directin is Inmarsat F77 vice perated thrugh Inmarsat 3 Glbal-/ spt- and Inmarsat 4 reginal beams. The mst sensitive carrier perated via Inmarsat-4 narrw spt beams in the uplink directin is Fleet BB data service n the grund and Swift bradband services n bard aircraft. These services are imprtant fr maritime safety applicatins. The reasn fr including this carrier is t cver the pssible peratinal situatin near the casts nt very far frm the urban centre envirnment in which WMS systems may be deplyed. The characteristics fr different systems are summarized in table 7. The parameters fr ther satellite services are similar.

14 age 14 GAN BGAN Handheld F77 FBB SBB VOLNA f/ghz Channel BW (MHz) Max e.i.r.p. (dbm) Min e.i.r.p. (dbm) Max antenna gain (dbi) Gain in the back-lbe directin(dbi) Min Off-axis e.i.r.p. in the directin f WMS mnitring statin (dbm) Reference bandwidth (khz) Min Off-axis e.i.r.p. in the directin f WMS mnitring statin (dbm) in the reference bandwidth Transmitter pwer dbm in the reference bandwidth Table 7: characteristics fr different systems A further reductin f abut 3 db is required t take int accunt the evlutin f new MES terminals that can perate via mre pwerful MSS satellites in the near future than current MSS satellites DAA threshld fr a MSS Terminal statin FBB terminal is mre sensitive cmpared t the hand-held terminal. Therefre, the detectin threshlds are derived fr three types f terminals namely: F77, Hand-held and FBB the antenna gain values are assumed t be same in transmit and receive directin R_MSS/BW2: max acceptable interfering pwer at the MSS terminal receiver, with a thermal nise f N MSS =ktbf (-126 dbm/50khz fr handheld, FBB, VOLNA and SBB terminals and -136 dbm/5khz fr F77 and an certain I/N value -> R_MSS= N MSS +I/N T_MSS (Nte: nt the e.i.r.p. values are imprtant but the pwer values, because the antenna gain values are valid in bth directins and are therefre redundant) Handheld: 28 dbm/50khz VOLNA: 20 dbm/50khz F77: 19 dbm/5khz (used in maritime envirnments) FBB: 22 dbm/50 khz (used in maritime envirnments) SBB: 25.8 dbm/50 khz (used in aernautical envirnments) Interfering path L2 n2=2 up t 5km and n2=4 beynd 5km, r n2=3 wall attenuatin 10dB DAA path L1 Case 1: n1=2, A1=0dB Case 2: n1=3, A1=0dB

15 age 15 Fr single slpe mdels in bth paths: handheld : FBB : SBB F 77 : T _ VOLNA: N WMS MSS T _ MSS I / N 28dBm 88dBm 22dBm 94dBm 25.8dBm 90.2dBm 19dBm 107dBm 20dBm 96dBm T _ MSS 10 * n1* lg( r / m) 10 * n2 * lg( r / m) A2 10 * lg( r / m) A2 N 10 * lg( r / m) 10dB 126dBm I / N 10 * lg( r / m) I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10dB 126dBm I / N 10 * lg( r / m) I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10dB 126dBm I / N M 10 * lg( r / m) I / N M 10 * lg( r / m) 10dB 136dBm I / N MSS 10 * lg( r / m) I / N I / N 10*lg( r / m)*( n2 10dB 126dBm I / N 10*lg( r / m)*( n2 I / N Fr the dual slpe mdel in path 2 (interfering path): N I / N 10 * n1* lg( r / m) 20 * lg( r0) 10 * n2 * lg( r / r0) A2 handheld : FBB SBB F 77 : VOLNA : 28dBm 88dBm 22dBm 94dBm 25.8dBm MSS T _ MSS 90.2dBm 19dBm 107dBm 20dBm 96dBm T _ MSS 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) A2 N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) 10dB 126dBm I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) 10dB 126dBm I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) 10dB 126dBm I / N M 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) I / N M 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) 10dB 136dBm I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) I / N I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) 10dB 126dBm I / N 10 * lg( r / m) 10 lg( r0 / m) 2) I / N Fr SBB terminals a further reductin f M=10 db is assumed in the uplink detectin threshld t take int accunt multiple interference int SBB terminals frm n WMS transmitters. The 10dB reductin is just valid if the fllwing cnditins are fulfilled: 10 simultanius active WMS transmitters All 10 at the same MSS dwnlink channel And all under LOS MSS

16 age 16 Interfering path DAA ath <5km (n2=2) >5km (n2=4) n2=3 n1=2 (LOS t the WMS mnitring antenna) Case A : T_WMS=-88dBm - R_WMS + I/N Case C : T_WMS=-88dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 20*lg(r/m) 20*lg(5000) Case D : T_WMS=-88dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 10*lg(r/m) n1=3 (NLOS t the WMS mnitring antenna) Nt applicable Case B : T_WMS=-88dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 10*lg(r/m) -10*lg(5000) Table 8: frmulas fr handheld Case A : T_WMS=-88dBm - R_WMS + I/N Interfering path DAA ath <5km (n2=2) >5km (n2=4) n2=3 n1=2 (LOS t the WMS mnitring antenna) Case A : T_WMS=-107dBm - R_WMS + I/N Case C : T_WMS= -107dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 20*lg(r/m) 20*lg(5000) Case D : T_WMS= -107dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 10*lg(r/m) n1=3 (NLOS t the WMS mnitring antenna) Nt applicable Case B : T_WMS= -107dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 10*lg(r/m) -10*lg(5000) Table 9: frmulas fr F77 (referenced t a bandwidth f 5 khz) Interfering path DAA ath <5km (n2=2) >5km (n2=4) n2=3 n1=2 (LOS t the WMS mnitring antenna) Case A : T_WMS=-96dBm - R_WMS + I/N n1=3 (NLOS t the WMS mnitring antenna) Case C : T_WMS=-96dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 20*lg(r/m) 20*lg(5000) Nt applicable Case B : T_WMS=-96dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 10*lg(r/m) -10*lg(5000) Table 10: frmulas fr VOLNA Case A : T_WMS= -107dBm - R_WMS + I/N Case D : T_WMS=-96dBm - R_WMS + I/N + 10*lg(r/m) Case A : T_WMS=-96dBm - R_WMS + I/N The fllwing table summaries the results. Uplink threshld values dbm/50khz and a wall attenuatin in path 2 f 10 db I/N Case A Case B (10km) Case C (10 km) Case D (10km) -20 db db Table 11: Summary f threshld values fr handheld terminals and WMS with t=6.2 dbm/50khz (=17dBm/600kHz) Uplink threshld values dbm/5khz and a wall attenuatin in path 2 f 10 db I/N Case A Case B (10km) Case C (10 km) Case D (10km) -20 db db Table 12: Summary f threshld values fr F77 terminals and WMS with t=-3.8 dbm/5khz (=17dBm/600kHz) Uplink threshld values dbm/50khz and a wall attenuatin in path 2 f 10 db I/N Case A Case B (10km) Case C (10 km) Case D (10km) -20 db db Table 13: Summary f threshld values fr FBB terminals and WMS with t=6.2 dbm/50khz (=17dBm/600kHz) Uplink threshld values dbm/50khz and a wall attenuatin in path 2 f 10 db I/N Case A Case B (10km) Case C (10 km) Case D (10km) -20 db db Table 14: Summary f threshld values fr VOLNA terminals and WMS with t=6.2 dbm/50khz (=17dBm/600kHz)

17 age 17 Uplink threshld values dbm/50khz and a wall attenuatin in path 2 f 10 db I/N Case A Case B (10km) Case C (10 km) Case D (10km) -20 db db Table 15: Summary f threshld values fr SBB terminals and WMS with t=6.2 dbm/50khz (=17dBm/600kHz) In ECC Reprt 121, sectin 2.2 the technical parameters fr WMS have been described. Frm the parameters 2 significant sets f parameters fr a WMS device can be derived: Device with 50mW e.i.r.p. and 200kHz TX bandwidth 17dBm/200kHz => -13dBW/200kHz Device with 50mW e.i.r.p. and 600kHz TX bandwidth 17dBm/600kHz => -17.8dBW/200kHz 6.2 MSS Dwnlink Mnitring Theretical values MSS Dwnlink Inmarsat3 Inmarsat4 Inmarsat4 GAN BGAN handheld Thuraya Aces f/ghz 1,53 1,53 1,53 1,53 1,53 Lambda m 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 0,20 BW khz FD dbw/m^2/mhz -119,5-111, ,9-90,1 FD dbw/m^2/200khz -126,5-118,2-114,0-99,9-97,1 e dbm/200khz 0 dbi -121,63-113,33-109,13-95,03-92,23 e dbm/200khz 10 dbi -111,63-103,33-99,13-85,03-82,23 e dbm/200khz 20 dbi -101,63-93,33-89,13-75,03-72,23 Table 16: Dwnlink values based MSS FD values n the surface f the earth (see ECC Reprt 121) The values given in Table 16 are derived frm typical channel bandwidth and scaling up the value in 1 MHz reference bandwidth (see ECC Reprt 121). The maximum e.i.r.p.values have been cnsidered. One GSO Operatr expressed that, nrmally maximum e.i.r.p. values are used t determine the ITU-R crdinatin triggers with respect t terrestrial services in this frequency band. Fr the prtectin f MSS carriers in the dwnlink directins it is mre apprpriate t cnsider minimum e.i.r.p. values f a single victim carrier instead f maximum values. The parameters f ther MSS systems need t be cnsidered as well t derive the threshld values fr uplink and dwnlink detectin. Because the measured FD values may nt crrespnd t a single dwnlink carrier, it is mre apprpriate t use the received pwer level frm a single carrier. Received pwer levels fr the dwn link detectin E&E services (see als Annex 1) Currently the mst sensitive E&E carrier in the dwn directin is Inmarsat F77 vice. This service is very imprtant fr maritime safety applicatins. The reasn fr including this carrier is t cver the pssible peratinal situatin near the casts nt very far frm the urban centre envirnment in which WMS systems may be deplyed. The e.i.r.p. in the dwnlink directin minimum e.i.r.p. value = 6 dbw Bandwidth f the channel = 5 khz Free space path lss = db Received pwer level at 0 dbi istrpic antenna = *lg10(20/5) dbm in 20 khz Received pwer level at 10 dbi antenna = dbm in 20 khz

18 age 18 Bradband and Hand-held services As n tday, the mst sensitive carrier in the dwn directin perated via Inmarsat-4 narrw spt beams Inmarsat hand-held carrier and Swift Bradband carrier. In the case f SBB service, (and ther aernautical services), the affected AES may be in a different satellite beam frm the ne where the interfering WMS transmitter is lcated. In this situatin, the satellite dwnlink signal wuld be further suppressed by the satellite antenna discriminatin and may be undetectable by the WMS mnitring system. Hand-held service The e.i.r.p. in the dwnlink directin minimum e.i.r.p. value = 38.4 dbw Bandwidth f the channel = 200 khz Free space path lss = db Received pwer level at 0 dbi istrpic antenna = *lg10(50/200) dbm in 50 khz Received pwer level at 10 dbi istrpic antenna = dbm in 50 khz SBB service The e.i.r.p. in the dwnlink directin minimum e.i.r.p. value = 38.5 dbw Bandwidth f the channel = 200 khz Free space path lss = db Received pwer level at 0 dbi istrpic antenna = *lg10(50/200) dbm in 50 khz Received pwer level at 10 dbi istrpic antenna = dbm in 50 khz The required separatin distance is abut 230 km. At 230 km distance, an SBB terminal culd be in a different satellite beam frm the ne where the WMS transmitter is lcated. With this the dwnlink detectin culd nt be able t the detect the dwnlink f the SBB terminal Case f AES in the adjacent beam: Assumed satellite antenna discriminatin = 20 db Received pwer dbi = dbm in 50 khz Received pwer dbi = dbm in 50 khz VOLNA The VOLNA satellite netwrk is used in L-band and is a system with glbal cverage which are used fr land applicatins including applicatins fr gvernmental purpses. The e.i.r.p. in the dwnlink directin minimum e.i.r.p. value = dbw Bandwidth f the channel = 24 khz Free space path lss = db Received pwer level at 0 dbi istrpic antenna = *lg10(50/24) dbm in 50 khz Received pwer level at 10 dbi istrpic antenna = dbm in 50 khz Measurement results Table 17 summarizes the results f practical measurements that were perfrmed at BNetzA Leeheim mnitring statin in the beginnig f The fur Inmarsat rbit psitins where bserved 24 hurs each in the band MHz.

19 age 19 Frequency range f transmissins cntinus narrwband transmissins (<30kHz) shrt (<10 minutes) narrwband (<30kHz) bursts up t Bradband cntinus transmissins (abut 200kHz) Results f measurements 3-F4 3-F2 3-F1 4-F MHz MHz MHz MHz lanning parameters MSS fr cmparisn (Nte) FD -115 t t t t t -114 dbm/(m 2 *4kHz) FD dbm/(m 2 *MHz) -91 t t t t t -90 Calculated pwer -116 t t t t t -115 at a virtual 0dBi mnitring antenna dbm/mhz FD t -114 dbm/(m 2 *4kHz) FD t -90 dbm/(m 2 *MHz) Calculated pwer t -115 at a virtual 0dBi mnitring antenna dbm/mhz FD t -114 dbm/(m 2 *4kHz) FD t -90 dbm/(m 2 *MHz) Calculated pwer t -115 at a virtual 0dBi mnitring antenna dbm/mhz Table 17: Results f practical measurements Nte: MSS FD planning parameters frm ECC Reprt 121 Inmarsat GAN: dbm/(m 2 *MHz) Inmarsat BGAN: dbm/(m 2 *MHz) Inmarsat handheld: -77 dbm/(m 2 *MHz) Crdinatin threshld is given in 1MHz as well as in 4kHz fr satellite services between 1-3GHz fr GSO MSS systems. 6.3 Threshld values The fllwing Table cntains threshld values fr the detectin f ptential victim MSS terminals.

20 age 20 Mnitring antenna Istrpic 0 dbi 10dBi Uplink threshld Land handheld: -114 dbm/50khz NA MHz Land VOLNA: -122 dbm/50khz Maritime F77: -123 dbm/5khz FBB maritime: -120 dbm/50khz SBB aernautical: dbm/50 khz Dwnlink threshld 1518/ MHz Land handheld: dbm/50khz Land VOLNA: -135 dbm/50 khz Maritime F77: -146 dbm/20khz=-142 dbm/50khz AMS(R)S / Aernautical SBB: dbm/50 khz; dbm/50 khz fr the case AES in adjacent beam Land handheld: dbm/50khz Land VOLNA: -125 dbm/ 50 khz Maritime F dbm/20khz=-132 dbm/50khz AMS(R)S / Aernautical SBB: dbm/50 khz; dbm/50 khz fr the case AES in adjacent beam Fr cmparisin: Thermal nise flr -126 dbm/50 khz ktb =-131 dbm/20khz =-136 dbm/5 khz Table 18: Threshld values fr the detectin f ptential victim MSS terminals 7 OTIONS CONSIDERED FOR WMS OERATION 7.1 Optin 1: Uplink detectin An istrpic mnitring antenna has t be installed n tp f the building where the WMS system is installed. The threshld values shuld be taken frm table 12. A detailled decriptin f the cncept is prvided in chapter 8. Basic rutine (A) WMS transmit pwer ff (B) Run the UL scanning rutine cntinuusly (C) Call the results f the database n a peridic basis (D) Is there at least ne ccupied DL channel in the database? NO: WMS transmissin allwed in the whle DL YES: WMS transmissin allwed in the unccupied DL bands with the fllwing restrictin: all used unccupied DL bands will implement a frequency hpping mde: dwell time (fr cnsidering MSS mdes withut a fixed duplex frequency) WMS channel switching ff within the fatest time as pssible if the status is changed frm unccupied t ccupied (E) Gt (C) It was highlighted that due t the safety bligatins f the MSS service, lng interference times can nt be accepted. 7.2 Optin 2: Dwnlink detectin An istpic r a directinal mnitring antenna has t be installed n tp f the building where the WMS system is installed. The threshld values are shuld be taken frm table 18 dependent n the used antenna. A detailled decriptin f the cncept is prvided in chapter 8. Basic rutine (A) WMS transmit pwer ff (B) Run the DL scanning rutine cntinuusly (C) Call the results f the database n a peridic basis 4.1 s

21 age 21 (D) WMS transmissin allwed in the unccupied DL bands (E) WMS channel switching ff within the fatest time as pssible if the status is changed frm unccupied t ccupied (F) Gt (C) 8 INVESTIGATED DAA CONCET The descriptin prvided in figure 2 refers t figure 1 and shws the detailed structure f the WMS system. Figure 2: detailed structure f the WMS system with ne WMS transmitter The WMS system cnsists f tw basic units: the data acquisitin unit (DAU) and the Indr WMS L-Band transmitter.

22 age 22 DAU (data acquisitin unit) The DAU has t be placed n tp f the building where the WMS system is installed and the WMS system inside the building. Bth units are cnnected via a data cnnectin. The WMS system will remain in disabled mde ( n TX) if there is n data cnnectin t the DAU. Tw L-Band receivers are lcated in the DAU with separate antennas that the unit can independently mnitr the uplink and dwnlink band in parallel. The receiver fr the dwnlink detectin cvers the frequency band MHz. The receiver fr the uplink detectin cves the frequency bands MHz and MHz. The tw receivers in the DAU will use different antennas. The uplink detectin receiver will use a mni directinal antenna 0dBi. T cver and mnitr all GSO satellites visible frm a western eurpe psitin, the dwnlink detectin receiver will use a uni directinal circular plarized antenna with an pening angle f abut 150degrees (+/-75 degrees) with 8-10dBi gain. The signal prcessing fr the incming data is lcated directly after the L-Band receivers in the DAU. In the DAU signal prcessing unit, the received signals are prcessed and FFT ed and cnverted int a cntinuus data stream that is sent t the WMS system inside the building. The WMS data acquisitin unit mnitrs cntinuusly the MSS uplink and dwnlink bands in parallel. This represents a cmbinatin f Optin 1 (7.1) and Optin 2 (7.2). The resulting data is stred in the WMS cntrl unit. Fr scanning the spectrum, different methds have been studied: linear scanning and receiving f the spectrum activity: If linear scanning is used, the time fr scanning 34MHz f uplink r dwnlink wuld take apprximately 10minutes. In wrst case situatin, this wuld mean, that a WMS system culd interfere fr at maximum 10 minutes befre the usage and ccupatin f the band by MSS is detected. This methd was fund nt usable taking in accunt that MSS services prvide AMS (R) S and GMDSS services that cme under special prtectin in the RR 5.353A and 5.357A. As linear scanning was fund nt applicable fr a fast and reliable detectin f spectum activity, FFT techniques have been studied. scanning using FFT: A number f 2048 bins is prpsed fr the FFT. With a frequency range f 34MHz t be scanned, this results in a bin width df : 34MHz/2048= 16.6kHz. After the FFT-ing, a signal prcessing is implemented. In the signal prcessing, averaging ver the aquired data is applied in rder t increase the signal t nise rati t have a better discriminatin between the nise and the MSS signal. With cmmercially available DS the FFT ing and prcessing f the incming data fr a 34MHz range can be dne in appx. 100ms. This wuld reduce the max duratin between an MSS activity ccurring in the band and the detectin by the WMS system, t a maximum f 100ms. Indr WMS L-Band transmitter In the WMS cntrl unit, the frequency ranges MHz and t MHz are permanently stred as nt a valid transmissin frequency that cannt be used fr transmissin. This is t make sure that the WMS signal will nt cause any interference int GMDSS services in thse frequency ranges. In additin, taking int accunt that nn-standard frequency separatin is used in VOLNA-series netwrks fr MHz / MHz frequency bands it is advisable t exclude MHz band fr WMS usage. Uplink earth statin detectin culd nt prvide the guarantee f nn interference t the earth statin as it culd wrk with asymmetrical traffic in uplink and dwnlink directins. If multiple WMS transmitters are used in an installatin, the DAA data cnnectin will be sent t all WMS transmitters. The first WMS transmitter is the designated master in the system that takes cntrl ver the additinal transmitters installed. If the data cnnectin frm the data acquisitin unit is nt crrectly established r lst, the WMS transmitter will stp transmissin and will nt start transmitting befre the cnnectin has been re-established.. The WMS transmitter stres and analyzes cntinuusly the incming data frm the data acquisitin unit fr the MSS dwnlink and uplink band and stres the data in the WMS frequency ccupatin memry. The data stred in the frequency ccupatin memry always reflect the latest situatin f spectrum ccupatin in the uplink and dwnlink band. As the data stred cntiniusly ver the time the WMS system is pwered up and running, the WMS system has always the latest data n the spectrum usage, and the usage histry available.

23 age 23 With the cntinuus strage and analysis f the incming data in the WMS cntrl unit during the perating time f the system, the system can derive infrmatin n the usage prbability fr certain spectrum areas by the MSS service in reference t the place f peratin/ installatin f the WMS system. T avid interference t MSS services, nly these areas f the band will be used, that are nt used by the MSS. The fllwing data frm the scanning are stred in the WMS cntrl unit during the perating time f the sytem: Time: time when the measurement result was received. Frequency: frequency at which the measurement was taken Received signal level: signal level that was received at a given frequency (related t the number f FFT bins) With the cntinuus strage and analysis f the incming data in the WMS cntrl unit during the perating time f the system, the system can derive infrmatin n the usage prbability fr certain spectrum areas by the MSS service in reference t the place f peratin/ installatin f the WMS system. T avid interference t MSS services, nly these areas f the band will be used, that are fund nt used at all. Spectrum areas that are fund t be in MSS usage by the data acquisitin, will be marked in the WMS cntrl unit frequency usage memry and will nt be cnsidered as a valid usable transmit frequency fr the WMS transmitter. Based n the data stred in the frequency ccupatin memry the WMS system will use frequencies that are fund unused as transmit frequency. If multiple WMS transmitters are installed in ne place, the data cnnectin frm the data acquisitin unit is fed t all installed WMS transmitter systems. The basic structure f a WMS system with multiple Tx is shwn in figure 3.

24 age 24 Figure 3: structure f a WMS system with multiple WMS transmitters The WMS transmitter system where the data acquisitin unit is cnnected t, is set as dedicated master fr the installatin. The system that is set as dedicated master will cntrl the calculatin and setting the transmit frequencies f the additinal WMS systems cnnected thrugh the data cnnectin between the systems. If the data cnnectin is lst r nt established, the transmitters f the additinal WMS systems will stp transmissin and will nt start transmitting befre the cnnectin has been re-established. In multiple WMS systems, the dedicated master unit will calculate the interference free transmit frequencies fr the setup based n the infrmatin stred in the frequency ccupatin memry

25 It is prpsed that fr the L-band WMS- transmitters nly directinal antennas are t be used. ECC REORT 147 age 25 9 CONCLUSIONS 9.1 AMS(R)S Services A DAA cncept has t present the fllwing characteristics in rder t prevent interference frm WMS int AMS(R)S services: 1/ It is necessary t have a DAA system that is able t detect any use f a AMS(R)S channel and t stp emitting n that channel immediately, 2/ It is necessary t have a nn-stp DAA mechanism that scans the usage f the AMS(R)S band in real time. 3/ The WMS mnitring system directinal antenna shall receive all the MSS dwnlink signals frm different GSO MSS satellites at a given WMS installatin site. This includes the ability t receive signals with very lw elevatin angles accrding t distance ver which aernautical receivers culd suffer frm interferences. It is expected that a guard band will be necessary between the first WMS channel and the AMS(R)S band, depending n the filtering characteristics f systems. Based n the cnsideratins presented abve, it is cncluded that the prpsed DAA mechanism is nt an apprpriate slutin t mitigate the effect f WMS n AMS(R)S systems perating in the band MHz. 9.2 Other Mbile Satellite Systems Based n the results f the studies with assumptins presented sectin 6 f this dcument, it was fund that the prpsed DAA technique is nt feasible fr the detectin f MSS signals fr the fllwing reasns: The uplink detectin is nt feasible because it is nt pssible t determine thrugh mnitring f the uplink spectrum whether r nt there are MSS signals present in the dwnlink spectrum; this cnclusin is based n MSS systems with a flexible duplex spacing and MSS services with signals nly in the dwnlink directin. The prtectin f MSS thrugh the detectin f its uplink signal is nt achievable because the signal levels f sme sensitive carrier types that wuld need t be detected by the WMS mnitring equipement are belw the nise flr f the mnitring equipment due t the lack f gain f its antenna. Table 19 shws the summary f the threshld investigatins. Uplink threshld dbm/50khz Dwnlink threshld 10dBi dbm/50khz Cmment Wrst case all services -126 (SBB) -136 (SBB) Nt feasible (ktb=-126) Wrst case utside the AMS (R) S bands -113 (F77) (- 123 dbm per 5 khz) -132 (F77) Nt feasible (ktb=-126) Wrst case utside the AMS (R) S bands and -122 (VOLNA) -125 (VOLNA) withut maritime systems (aviding casts) Wrst case utside the AMS (R) S and VOLNA bands, withut maritime systems (aviding casts) -114 (handheld) -116 (handheld) Table 19: detectin threshld

26 age 26 Therefre, based n the currently prpsed DAA cncept, cmpatibility between WMS and MSS in the whle band MHz, excluding MHz can nt be achieved. It has t be nted that ETSI STF (STF 386) has been established: Methds, parameters and test prcedures fr cgnitive interference mitigatin techniques fr use by MSE devices (rgramme Making and Special Events) The dcuments t be prduced by the STF are: a) ETSI Technical Reprt n Operatin methds and principles fr spectrum access systems fr MSE technlgies and the guarantee f a high sund prductin quality n selected frequencies utilising cgnitive interference mitigatin techniques. This Reprt will analyse the varius pssible techniques and recmmend a specific methd. b) ETSI Technical Specificatin n the recmmended spectrum access technique, defined in (a) c) ETSI Technical Reprt f the different RF cmpliance tests fr the selected spectrum access mechanism, as defined in (b) Apprval f the TR n validatin f the RF tests, with measurements frm a technlgy demnstratr. At the cnclusin f the STF, if new mitigatin techniques are identified then additinal cmpatibility studies may be required.