European Space Agency and IPY

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Warren Walker
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1 European Space Agency and IPY ESA supports IPY activities: First ESA step was a dedicated Announcement Opportunity (AO) for EO data provision in support IPY, released in 2006, with data provision since Spring Second ESA step implemented, in framework IPY Space Task Group: ESA legacy EO data portfolio for IPY

ESA IPY legacy data portfolio Status Nov.

seas and Arctic seas, using ASAR Wide Swath Mode, HH Pol.

2 ESA IPY legacy data portfolio Status Nov Legacy SAR data acquisition Envisat ASAR for polar applications (e.g. sea ice, ice shelf, support polar expedition): 1- Systematic coverage Antarctica, Antarctica seas and Arctic seas, using ASAR Wide Swath Mode, HH Pol. (150 m resolution) and Image Mode, HH Pol. (25 m res.) Arctic sea ice extent September Supplementary coverage all polar areas using ASAR Global Moniring Mode, Polarisation HH (1000 m resolution) when ASAR not operated in Wide Swath Mode or Image Mode.

Arctic sea ice extent The The reduction reduction in in sea sea ice ice extent extent has has been been much much faster faster than than global global climate climate models models predict.

3 Arctic sea ice extent The The reduction reduction in in sea sea ice ice extent extent has has been been much much faster faster than than global global climate climate models models predict. predict. According According Douglas Douglas Bancrt, Bancrt, Direcr Direcr Canadian Canadian Ice Ice Service, Service, record record reduction reduction in in stunned stunned international international operational operational ice ice charting charting community: community: "The "The overall overall extent extent was was similar similar what what some some models models envisioned envisioned but but decades decades in in advance advance when when y y expected expected that that would would occur. occur. In In fact, fact, summer summer looked looked very very similar similar some some climate climate model model forecasts forecasts for for " 2050."

4 N Envisat ASAR - 31 August 2007 Direct North West Passage open This type Envisat ASAR products are freely available for IPY use

5 ESA IPY legacy data portfolio Status Nov Legacy SAR data acquisition SAR interferometry applications (e.g. slow moving glacier): 1- Since beginning 2007, systematic Envisat coverage Antarctica, Greenland, Ellesmere island, Iceland, Svalbard and Franz-Josef Land, using ASAR Image Mode, Swath 2, Polarisation HH (25 m resolution) 2- Upgrade Envisat orbit control have smaller interferometric baselines (0 250 m) over polar areas between April and Sept. 2007, aiming facilitate retrieval information from Envisat interferometric data pairs. Envisat / ERS-2 SAR interferometry applications (e.g. fast moving glacier, low relief DEM s): [New] Temporary modification ERS-2 orbit (2 km f-set versus nominal ground track) have optimal interferometric baselines between ERS-2 and Envisat (30 min. separation). The ERS-2 / Envisat constellation (30 min. difference) has potential : measure velocity fast moving polar glaciers (> 200 m/year). ERS/Envisat SAR data should be suited map velocities 1 cm between two 30-minutes passes. generate accurate low relief Digital Elevation Models. This is particular interest for many low elevation delta regions, in particular for polar areas (North Canada, North Russia) where re is no available SRTM DEM s.

6 ERS-2 - ENVISAT SAR Interferometry Low relief DEM Siberia Ob river estuary [70.2 N, 75.5 E] High coherence! ERS-2 / Envisat 3 Ocber 2007 No SRTM DEM at high latitudes Courtesy: U. Wegmueller, M. Sanro (Gamma Remote Sensing, CH) 0 2π Ambiguity height: 5.3 m

7 SAR: ERS Tandem + Radarsat-1 + Envisat Acceleration Greenland glaciers flow during last 10 years E. Rignot et al., Science, Feb. 2006, based on ERS tandem data acquired in 1995 & Radarsat-1 + Envisat data acquired in suggesting that existing estimates future sea-level rise are o low Importance legacy data acquisition through background mission scheme: - ERS SAR Tandem data (1995/96) - Envisat ASAR BRM (Image mode, HH, swath 2)

ERS-1/2 tandem 1-day data on this glacier (o fast) Courtesy: E.

8 ERS-2 - ENVISAT SAR Interferometry Fast moving glacier Greenland Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier ERS-2 / Envisat 2 Ocber 2007 High coherence on ice Fringes were not visible in ERS-1/2 tandem 1-day data on this glacier (o fast) Courtesy: E. Rignot (JPL, USA) Preliminary result - Next step: Retrieval glacier velocity once precision baselines are available

9 ESA IPY legacy data portfolio Status Nov Access data Envisat ASAR: - ASAR Medium Resolution products (75 m pixel spacing) available on-line free charge (registration requested) [Rolling archive last 2 weeks] ERS SAR: - about products generated for ESA GlobIce project (part Arctic Sea, ), currently not available on-line. ALOS PALSAR: - raw data over Greenland + European Arctic received by ESA - Antarctica: agreement found with JAXA for access Level 0 data + generation products in coordination with or ALOS nodes in preparation Easy access ESA global instruments is already possible through ESA category 1 registration scheme (simple registration, no fees): [ Envisat Atmospheric Chemistry (SCIAMACHY, GOMOS, MIPAS) + ERS GOME Envisat MERIS Reduced Resolution Envisat + ERS altimetry Envisat AATSR + ERS ATSR (from 2007)

10 Ozone hole 2007 Ozone hole 2007: smaller than usual Ozone loss ERS-2 Envisat

11 PALSAR - 4 default modes Ascending obs. (10.30 pm) Single-pol (HH) 34.3 Dual-pol (HH+HV) 34.3 Fully polarimetric 21.5 One cycle/year open for arbitrary mode requests Descending obs. (10.30 am) ScanSAR (HH) 5-beam

PALSAR Ascending (pm) observations Single-pol (HH) 34.3 - Global / Annual - December ~ March Fully polarimetric 21.

12 PALSAR Ascending (pm) observations Single-pol (HH) Global / Annual - December ~ March Fully polarimetric Regional / Bi-annual -March ~ May HH HH POL POL HH+HV HH+HV HH+HV Open Dual-pol (HH+HV) Global / Annual - May ~ Ocber One cycle/year open for arbitrary mode requests

13 IPY 2007 & 2008 PALSAR antarctica mapping JAXA PLAN for ALOS PALSAR data acquisition Courtesy M. Shimada [JAXA]

SAR missions for oceanography at the European Space Agency

SAR missions for oceanography at the European Space Agency ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat, Sentinel-1A, Sentinel-1B, ESA 3 rd Party Missions (ALOS) Prepared by ESA teams and ESA supporting companies ESA and SAR