Earth Observation and Sensing Technologies: a focus on Radar Imaging Developments. Riccardo Lanari
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1 Earth Observation and Sensing Technologies: a focus on Radar Imaging Developments Riccardo Lanari Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA) National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Via Diocleziano, Napoli lanari.r@irea.cnr.it w w.irea.cnr.it
2 Why Radar (SAR) Imaging from space? Active sensors: capability to "observe" during day and night Microwave sensors: capability to "observe" even in presence of clouds Coherent sensors: capability to preserve both amplitude and phase information (SAR Interferometry)
3 Observing with coherent systems Interferogram: March 2000 July 2000 Interferogram t1 Campi Flegrei t2 π - π Deformation map π λ / 2 - π
4 Radar Imaging plays a key role in many contexts SEISMIC VOLCANIC URBAN LANDSLIDES
5 Radar Imaging plays a key role in many contexts and, of course, it can be very relevant in the Arctic scenario
6 Temporal development of radar satellites for earth observation First Generation ERS1 J-ERS1 ERS2 RADARSAT-1 RADARSAT-2 ENVISAT ALOS COSMO-SKYMED COSMO-SKYMED -2 TERRASAR-X SENTINEL-1 ALOS-2
![Vesuvio Mean deformation velocity [cm/yr] <- 0.75 > 0.](/docs-images/95/126102258/images/7-3.jpg "75 Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., Sansosti, E., 2002.")
7 Advanced InSAR technique: the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) Interferograms Ischia Campi Flegrei Mt. Vesuvio Mean deformation velocity [cm/yr] < > 0.75 Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., Sansosti, E., A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40 (11),
8 Why InSAR and Advanced InSAR in Arctic regions? It can be profitably exploited to study: volcanoes; permafrost and associated subsidence; terrain stability; oil/gas fields and power engineering structures; fast ice and glacier motion.
9 Temporal development of radar satellites for earth observation ERS1 J-ERS1 ERS2 RADARSAT-1 RADARSAT-2 ENVISAT ALOS COSMO-SKYMED COSMO-SKYMED -2 TERRASAR-X SENTINEL-1 Second generation ALOS-2
10 COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Constellation CSK3 CSK1 CSK2 CSK4 CSK1 8 days 1 3 days 4 days Time 16 days Sensor spatial resolution: 3 m Spatial coverage: 40 x 40 km X-band
11 Polar routes monitoring (Courtesy of A. Coletta ASI) NW passage Area of Interest
12 Polar routes monitoring NW passage one day (ASC) coverage with Huge Region ScanSAR mode
13 Polar routes monitoring NW passage one day (DESC) coverage with Huge Region ScanSAR mode
14 Polar routes monitoring
15 Polar routes monitoring scenario (one day DESC)
16 COSMO-SkyMed Northern Routes test collection
17 Permafrost in Canada: the Yellowknife area Seasonal surface displacement derived from InSAR, Yellowknife and surrounding area, Northwest Territories; Short, N; Stevens, C W; Wolfe, S A. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7030, 2011, ; 11 pages; 1 CD-ROM, doi: /289578
18 Permafrost in Canada: the Yellowknife area Seasonal surface displacement derived from InSAR, Yellowknife and surrounding area, Northwest Territories; Short, N; Stevens, C W; Wolfe, S A. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7030, 2011, ; 11 pages; 1 CD-ROM, doi: /289578
19 CSK SAR images over time: the Yellowknife area CSK CSK CSK CSK CSK CSK CSK CSK
20 CSK DInSAR results: the Yellowknife area CSK CSK b 250 m
21 CSK SBAS-InSAR results: the Yellowknife area
22 P-SBAS service on G-POD platform: automatic processing
23 ASI/CSA Joint AO Opened: September,2, 2013 Closed: November,1, 2013 Projects started: april,1, 2014 Projects lifetime: 4 years Simona Zoffoli (ASI) & Stephane Chalifoux (CSA) 27
24 Proposals and Application Domains Proposals Submitted Proposals Approved Canadian PI Italian PI TOTAL 61 50
25 Airborne vs Spaceborne SAR systems Airborne SAR Spaceborne SAR Track deviations Spatial coverage Orbit stability Spatial coverage Operational flexibility Resolution Operational flexibility Resolution
26 TELAER SAR system TELAER is an X-band airborne SAR system. Originally equipped with a single TX/RX antenna, it has recently been upgraded to a multi-antenna, i.e., interferometric, configuration. Such a system upgrading has been funded by CNR, via a MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research) funding, in the framework of a cooperation with the Italian Agency for Agriculture Subsidy Payments (AGEA).
27 TELAER SAR system Hardware flexibility leads to a multi-mode operative configuration Mode 1 Mode 2 Swath width (km) 10 2 Transmitted Bandwidth (MHz) Resolution: 4 m Resolution: 50 cm Somma-Vesuvio volcanic complex, Napoli, South of Italy
28 Across Track InSAR with TELAER: the Somma-Vesuvio volcano Resolution: 4 m Resolution: 50 cm
29 Along Track InSAR with TELAER: the Volturno river outfall, Napoli Resolution: 50 cm
30 Airborne low-frequency radar: CO.RI.S.T.A.-IREA collaboration A new airborne low-frequency radar has been developed under the ASI fundings. This project is developed within a collaboration between consortium CO.RI.S.T.A. (radar definition, design, development and test) and CNR-IREA (data processing) Main features: Multi-mode system: sounder and SAR; Multi-frequency: 3 bandwidth (160 MHz, 450 MHz, 900 MHz); Flexible timing: stepped-frequency with DDS technology; Easily programmable: PRF, Chirp and Acquisition window lengths, RGD.
31 Airborne low-frequency radar: ASI-IREA collaboration The radar system has been tested through three flight campaigns over South Italy: October 2011: with AB212 (only sounder) June 2012: with AS350 (sounder and 450 MHz) October 2013: with AB212 (sounder and 450 MHz and 900 MHz)
32 Some examples of data processing in case of sounder mode
33 Thanks!
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