Radar remote sensing from space for monitoring deformations affecting urban areas and infrastructures

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1 Radar remote sensing from space for monitoring deformations affecting urban areas and infrastructures Riccardo Lanari IREA-CNR Napoli EGU2014, Vienna 30 April, 2014

2 Why Radar (SAR) Imaging from space? Active sensors: capability to "observe" during day and night Microwave sensors: capability to "observe" even in presence of clouds Coherent sensors: capability to preserve both amplitude and phase information (SAR Interferometry)

3 Observing with coherent systems -> DInSAR Scenario 3/2000-7/2000 S(t1) Interferogram Baseline Campi Flegrei S(t2) - λ/2 -

4 DInSAR Scenario (3) The 29 May 2012, 5.8 M L Emilia (North Italy) earthquake

Temporal evolution of radar satellites for Earth Observation First Generation 1992 1995 1997 1998 2001 2002 2006 2007

5 Temporal evolution of radar satellites for Earth Observation First Generation ERS1 J-ERS1 ERS2 RADARSAT-1 RADARSAT-2 ENVISAT ALOS COSMO-SKYMED TERRASAR-X SENTINEL-1 Second generation ALOS-2

Advanced DInSAR technique: the Small BAseline

75 > 0.75 Berardino et al., 2002, IEEE Trans.

6 Advanced DInSAR technique: the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) ERS/ENVISAT images ( ) ERS ENVISAT Interferograms Ischia Campi Flegrei Mt. Vesuvio Mean deformation velocity [cm/yr] < > 0.75 Berardino et al., 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. Pepe et al., 2005, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.

7 Urban deformation phenomena: the city of Rome > 0.5 Mean velocity [cm/yr] <- 0.5 Viale Giustiniano Imperatore area Zeni et al., 2011, J. Geophys. Eng. ERS/ENVISAT images ( )

8 Selected buildings for damage assessment Bld. 2 Building 1 Bld. 1 Building 2

9 DInSAR analysis on Viale Giustiniano Imperatore area P1 P2 P3 Zeni et al., 2011, J. Geophys. Eng.

10 Locone Lake Dam (Puglia, South Italy) ERS/ENVISAT images ( ) Bonano et al., 2012, Int. J. Remote Sens.

11 Invasi artificiali per centrale idroelettrica Analisi SqueeSAR

12 COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Constellation CSK3 CSK1 CSK2 CSK4 CSK1 8 days 1 3 days 4 days Time 16 days Sensor spatial resolution: 3 m Spatial coverage: 40 x 40 km X-band

13 SAR sensors : from the first to the second generation ERS: C-Band Spatial resolution: 5x20 m Revisit time: 35 days Archives: Cosmo-SkyMED: X-Band Spatial resolution: 3x3 m Revisit time: 8 days Archives: today

SAR Tomography: 3D imaging By synthesizing an antenna also in the slant height direction orthogonal to the line of sight it is possible to extend the classical 2D (azimuth-slant range) SAR imaging to

14 SAR Tomography: 3D imaging By synthesizing an antenna also in the slant height direction orthogonal to the line of sight it is possible to extend the classical 2D (azimuth-slant range) SAR imaging to 3D (azimuth-slant range-slant height). A radar scanner that can be used to analyze the vertical profile of the scattering (urban area, forest) is therefore implemented. International awards: IEEE Gesocience and Remote Sensing Letters Award 2011 Student Competition prize alla Conferenza IEEE-GRS/ISPRS JURSE 2011, Muenchen, Germania Student Competition prize alla Conferenza IEEE-GRS/ISPRS JURSE 2013, Sao Paulo, Brasile

15 3D reconstruction of the San Paolo Stadium (Napoli, South Italy): SAR tomography

Differential SAR Tomography: 4D imaging SAR tomography allows also monitoring displacements over the time of the reconstructed 3D point clouds.

16 Differential SAR Tomography: 4D imaging SAR tomography allows also monitoring displacements over the time of the reconstructed 3D point clouds. 4D imaging has been shown to overcome the performances of classical deformation monitoring methods based only on the use of the phase information, not only for what concerns the solution of the layover but also for the detection of scatterers in the absence of layover. Example of monitoring of deformation of infrastructures with the 4D Imaging technique on COSMO-Skymed data: 30 images acquired between

17 Thanks!

Earth Observation and Sensing Technologies: a focus on Radar Imaging Developments. Riccardo Lanari

Earth Observation and Sensing Technologies: a focus on Radar Imaging Developments Riccardo Lanari Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA) National Research Council of Italy (CNR)