ESA EO Satellite Missions for Oceanography
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1 ESA EO Satellite Missions for Oceanography From Science to Applications and Services Yves-Louis DESNOS Head R&D section EO Science and Applications Department European Space Agency ESRIN Frascati - ITALY
2 OUTLINE ESA Earth Observation PIs ERS-1 and 2 missions ENVISAT mission Third Party Missions GMES-1 services
3 Since Earthnet: European access to non-esa missions: Landsat, SeaWifs, NOAA, JERS, MODIS, ALOS, Proba, Bird, Scisat... METEOSAT M-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ERS-1, -2 Earth Earth Watch METEOSAT Second Generation MSG-1, -2, -3 Explorers ENVISAT METOP-1, -2, -3 SMOS GOCE EO Missions handled by EOP (Gravity and Ocean Circulation Explorer) ADM/Aeolus CryoSat 2 Earthcare Sentinel 1 Sentinel 2/3 Sentinel 4/5 (Polar Ice Monitoring) SWARM GMES in cooperation with EC European users Meteo in cooperation with EUMETSAT Science to better understand the Earth Applications Services to initiate long term monitoring systems and services
4 EO PI Web site Earth Observation Principal Investigator Portal (to apply for ESA EO data) Proposal evaluation By C-1 AG Proposal submission (Standard or Fast access for LBR) Proposal monitoring (reporting of results)
5 All the Announcements of Opportunity and the Calls for Proposals since 1998
6 Third Party Missions available through the Category 1 scheme Currently open AOs and Calls
7 Category-1 and AO statistics An increasing number of worldwide scientific users Category 1 AOs 3000 * No of Proposals Year * Estimates for 2006
8 ENVISAT mission: 4 years of activity scientific publications First images Global air pollution Hurricane Katrina First image via Artemis Bam earthquake Tectonic uplift (Andaman) Ozone hole 2003 Chlorophyll concentration Prestige tanker B-15A iceberg Launch Calibration Rev iew Validation Workshop MERIS Workshop FRINGE workshop Envisat Symposium Salzburg (A) MERIS / (A)ATSR Workshop FRINGE SESAR ALTIMETRY Atmospheric Symposium Science Conference Mar 02 Sep 02 Dec 02 Nov 03 Dec 03 Sept 04 Sep 05 Dec 05 Jan 06 Mar 06 May 06 Apr 07
9 Workshops and Symposia for PIs Workshops and Symposia for PIs Scientific exchange, Reporting results/progress, Collecting PI feedback
10 Workshops and Symposia Evolution of PI demand to multi-missions event Papers and presentations available on-line
11 ESA EO User Toolboxes Software Toolboxes instigated by ESA contracts. Each Toolbox is a collection of software tools to help the remote sensing community to exploit ESA-TPM data. New generation to contain Scientific tutorials prepared with Universities and practical case studies using real EO data. Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox (BRAT) GOCE User Toolbox (GUT) SMOS Toolbox Basic ERS & Envisat (A)ATSR and MERIS Toolbox (BEAM) Basic ERS & Envisat SAR Toolbox (BEST) Basic ERS & Envisat Atmospheric Toolbox (BEAT) Polarimetric SAR Data Processing and Educational Tool (POLSARPRO) early development in planning
12 Multi-Mission User Toolboxes Mission Compatibility
13 Training next generation PIs First Advanced Training Course on Land Remote Sensing Dates: 2-7 September 2007 Venue: Instituto Superior de Estatística e Gestão de Informação, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ISEGI-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal Audience profiles: PhD students, postdoc/research scientists from Europe and Canada Number of participants: 60 TOPICS: SAR (INSAR, Polarimetry, POLINSAR), OPTICAL, THERMAL theory and land applications focused on GMES priority themes Organizers: Y-L Desnos ESA, Mário Caetano (IGP, Marco Painho (ISEGI-UNL) Website:
14 ERS Missions
15 ERS mission overview 15 years of ERS-1/2 data in the archive (suitable for applications requiring long term series products) ERS-2 achieved 11 years in orbit in April 2006 (was designed for 3 years nominal lifetime) Some problems with the platform (gyroscope in 2001, tape recorder in 2003) but all instruments still functioning well! engineering solutions have been developed: - new 'gyro-less' working mode - set up of a station network for Low Bit Rate data recovery Operations funding expected until 2008
16 ERS-2 satellite and payload status Mission elements Service Module Propulsion and Hydrazine Payload Equipment Bay SAR Image Mode SAR Wave Mode Expected evolution Good Excellent Fair Excellent Excellent Comments Relaxed attitude control +- 2deg, all other subsystems with full redundancy. SPOT-1 platform flown for 17 years before de-orbiting. 1/3 of hydrazine has been consumed within 11 years Tape Recorders Failed, Realtime mission only with some 40% global coverage. Transmission Tube redundancy available. Scatterometer Fair Sub System on redundant side RA & MWR ATSR GOME PRARE Excellent Good Good Excellent Scan Mirror problem has been overcome by patches on ground Calibration lamp problem overcome by using sun measurements Reduced surface transponders covering North & South Poles and Europe only; no redundancy
17 History PI publications and workshops within the framework of ESA missions ERS-1&2 exploitation and ENVISAT mission preparation and exploitation :
18 FRINGE 2005 Greenland Ice Sheet velocity structure Study of glacier velocity over the Greenland ice sheet has shown significant acceleration of outlet glaciers during the last few years, doubling Greenland s contribution to sea level rise between 1995 and 2005 Eric Rignot, JPL Contribution to sea level rise is 0.65 mm/yr in Rignot, E and Kanagaratnam, P (2006) Changes in the Velocity Structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Science vol. 311 no. 5763, pp
19 Marine Geoid From D.T. Sandwell & W.H.F. Smith, 1997 Global Marine Geoid from Radar Altimetry (1 to 12 km resolution). The ERS-1 Geodetic Mission offered to scientist an unprecedented view of the Marine Gravity Anomalies. The ERS-1 GM offered a dense mesh of ground tracks with 8 km cross-track resolution at the Equator.
20 Global Bathymetry from Satellite Altimetry From Smith and Sandwell (1997) Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell, Global Sea Floor Topography from Satellite Altimetry and Ship Depth Soundings, Science, v. 277, p , 1997.
21 ENVISAT Mission
22 ENVISAT: 10 instruments to monitor the Earth Michelson Interferometric Passiv e Atmospheric Sounder Adv anced Along Track Scanning Radiometer Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography Microw av e Radiometer to Data Relay Satellite Artemis Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars Doppler Orbitography and Radio-positioning Integrated by Satellite Radar Altimeter 2 to Ground Stations Adv anced Synthetic Aperture Radar Launch 1 st March 2002 Orbit 800 km, sun synchronous 10:00 am, i.e. 30 minutes before ERS-2
23 ENVISAT mission q Largest European satellite & largest worldwide EO satellite: - unique combination of 10 instruments addressing land, ocean, ice and atmosphere studies, - instruments working nominally, in particular ASAR - some concern with altimeter instrument q Satellite OK with long-term operations capabilities: - 57 % of fuel available (i.e. about 4 years assuming same orbit control strategy: +/- 1 km) q Operations funding until 2010 q 78 different types of ESA data products (27 types of ASAR products) q 250 Gigabytes of data products generated per day at ESA (+ telemetry)
24 Expected Envisat evolution Mission elements Service Module Propulsion and Hydrazine Payload Equipment Bay ASAR MERIS AATSR RA-2 MWR DORIS SCIAMACHY MIPAS GOMOS Expected evolution Excellent Fair Excellent Fair Excellent Excellent Fair Good Fair Excellent Bad Fair Comments Main limiting factor of the mission Sub-system on redundant side Recent anomaly with altimetric range measurement On ground correction tables Instrument on redundant side Progressive mechanical degradation in non redundant part. Used on campaign basis. Instrument on redundant side. New operations scenario is satisfactory.
25 New Algo Level1b ASAR Level 1 product derived from Single Look Complex imagettes using cross-spectra methodology Publication (Engen et al., 1995, TGARS) Users - scientists consultation 1995 Prototype 1996 Implementation in PF-ASAR 1997 ERS Improvements: Improved signal-to-noise ratio Wave propagation ambiguity resolvable Improved spectral resolution ASAR
26 New Algo Level2 Ø New algorithm developed for ESA by ESL (NORUT& IFREMER) Ø Meteo Users & scientists consultation Ø Prototype 2001 Ø PF-ASAR September 2002 Properties: Ø Optimal utilization and processing of the SLC data Ø No a priori information Ø Provide SAR ocean wave spectra and local wind speed estimate Ø (Wave spectra,wind speed, Wave height, radar cross section,azimuth cut-off, orbital velocity variance, non-linear spectral width)
27 SEASAR 2006 Alaska SAR Demonstration ENVISAT ASAR Wide Swath Mode, 02 Dec :43 UT William PICHEL et al. (ENVISAT-AO Project 431)
28 SEASAR 2006 Doppler centroid anomaly: a direct measurement of ocean surface currents from space Radial component of sea surface scatterers overlaid on sea surface roughness Straits of Florida
29 New Measurements exploitation Doppler centroid anomaly
30 Envisat monitors Ice-Sea Ice in Antarctica LARSEN B collapse observed in 2002 by ERS /Envisat Envisat Radar monitoring Antarctica Ice and Sea-Ice extent (April-to June 2004) Courtesy of H.Rott, Univ Innsbruck, AU
31 Global Level 3 products MERIS chlorophyll-a
32 Global Level 3 products MERIS aerosol optical thickness (865nm)
33 Global Level 3 products MERIS water vapor
34 Envisat and ERS measure Sea Surface Temperature rise ATSR/AATSR measurements Trend 0.13±0.03 C/decade Courtesy of David Llewellyn Jones, Univ. Leicester, UK
35 Envisat and ERS measure Sea Level rise Merging of the sea level time series of all six altimeters. The time series are filtered using a 3-month boxcar filter. A common annual cycle and trend was estimated, along with a bias for each altimeter. Top: Annual signals retained, estimated trend and annual variation shown in grey. Bottom: Common annual signals removed. Reference: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SEA LEVEL CHANGE FROMMULTI-SATELLITE ALTIMETER DATA Remko Scharroo1 and Laury Miller21 Altimetrics LLC, Cornish, New Hampshire, USA 2 NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
36 The World from Radar Altimetry S&S/ACE DEM (RESOLUTION = 30sec)
37 Third Party Missions
38 ESA selected Third Party Missions Research and Applications Opportunities 2004 OMI Cat ERS, ENVISAT, OMI ALOS AO ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM Proba Cat-1 ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM Landsat Cat-1 ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM Kompsat Cat-1 ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM Scisat Cat-1 ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM Orbview-2 Cat-1 ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM Spot-4 Cat-1 ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM IRS-P6 Cat-1 ERS, ENVISAT, All TPM + Kompsat-2, Bird, CBERS, DMC.
39 The ALOS Mission Mission Objectives Develop digital elevation models (DEMs) Perform regional observation for sustainable development Conduct disaster monitoring around the world Survey natural resources Develop sensor and satellite technology Launch ALOS launch 24th Jan 2006 successfully by an H-IIA rocket First data: 14th Feb (PRISM), 15th (PALSAR), 17th (AVNIR-2) First complete downlink with data at Kiruna 28th April PALSAR Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar: an active microwave sensor which enables all-weather, 24-hours observations. The sensor has a steerable beam in elevation and the ScanSAR mode. PALSAR has also fully polarimetric capabilities
40 First PALSAR Images acquired in Kiruna Product Type Code PSR_FL Sensor Instrument PALSAR Acquisition Station KS Start T10:20:46 Product Type Code PSR_FL Sensor Instrument PALSAR Acquisition Station KS Start T09:53:57
41 Support to Scientific Exploitation
42 POLinSAR 2007
43 R & D for future mission exploitation Entropy- POLARIMETRY Application for Sea Ice : alpha-anisotropy classification L C Newly forming ice Smooth first year ice Ridged first year ice Multiyear ice floes Compressed fist year ice
44 Polarimetric SAR Data Processing and Educational Tool (POLSARPRO) ~530 registered users Polarimetric Target Signatures
45 GMES Services
46 Geographic coverage baseline service Oil pollution Water Quality & Algal Bloom
47 Oil Spill detection
48 Service Examples: Spain & North Sea
49 MarCoast Drift Forecasting SST, SLA & OC Data assimilation NRT SAR Oil slick location & extent In-situ Ocean forecast Oil slick drift forecast
50 Polar View Services Polar View services address user requirements in the following areas: Safe Shipping Ship and iceberg monitoring Ice charting Ice forecasting Floe edge monitoring Water and Environment Glacier monitoring Snow mapping River and lake ice monitoring Ice trajectories and pollution transport Adapting to Climate Change Floe edge monitoring Glacier and snow monitoring River and lake ice monitoring Climate change adaptation indicators
51 Snow Services: Fractional Snow Covered Area Examples of Snow maps during melting period 2006
52 High-Resolution Ice Thickness Charts over Baltic Sea Ice thickness chart is based on SAR and ground truth. Spatial resolution 500 by 500m= product for ships and in ships scale. End users: shipping
53 Met-Ice-Ocean Regional Forecasting at FIMR End users: shipping resolution 1 nautical mile 6 parametres: ice concentration and drift ice ridge thickness ice ridge concentration compress region deformed ice fraction mean ice thickness published once a day
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