CNES PRIORITIES IN POLAR AND CRYOSPHERE RESEARCH

Transcription

1 Polar Space Task Group 3rd Session CNES PRIORITIES IN POLAR AND CRYOSPHERE RESEARCH Juliette Lambin, Steven Hosford Wednesday, May 22th, 2013 Paris, France 1

2 OUTLINE CNES MISSIONS FOR POLAR/CRYOSPHERE OBSERVATIONS RADAR: ALTIMETRY, SAR OPTICAL IMAGERY 2 06/06/2013

3 Ocean CNES (various levels of contributions) 12/01 06/08 Launc h date 09 Altimetry Jason-1 France/USA Geodetic orbit Jason-3 Europe/USA Jason CS A and B Europe/USA 3/02 ENVISAT Europe Sentinel-3A Europe Saral/AltiKa Fr./India Sentinel 3B Europe Salinity SMOS Europe Ocean Colour Wind Wave CFOSAT Fr./China Wide Swath altimetry SWOT USA/France 12/04 PARASOL/POLDER France OCAPI??? Sentinel-3A-B Europe Proposed (A/B) Concept (O) 3 Présentation programme SARAL J. Lambin, février 2013 fp July 2012

4 4 06/06/2013

5 OCEAN WAVEFORM 5 06/06/2013

6 ICEBERG DETECTION FROM ALTIMETRY 6 GlobCurrent, March 7th, 2012 Juliette Lambin, CNES

7 7 06/06/2013

8 SARAL SATELLITE FOR ARGOS AND ALTIKA Cooperation with ISRO (India Space Research organization) Ka-band nadir altimetry mission Higher precision, shorter along-track sampling Gap filler between ENVISAT & SENTINEL3 Same orbit as ENVISAT (35 days, SSO) New Ka-band altimeter, higher precision, compact design, integrated radiometer/altimeter POD: DORIS, LRA Other CNES payload Argos-3 instrument, X-band telemetry Status: Launched by PSLV (ISRO) on Feb 26th Validation phase on-going Data policy : ~ the same as JASON missions PI: Jacques Verron (LEGI)

9 SARAL FIRST RESULTS Excellent performance: Altimeter noise Specifications Measured on In flight data ground 1Hz range 1.5 cm 0.9 cm 0.9 cm 1Hz SWH 6.3 cm 5.7 cm 5 cm 1Hz Sigma0 0.2dB* NA db Real-time orbit < 5cm rms (no fine tuning yet) X-over analysis Jason2 SARAL indicate good consistency Rain impact under control

10 Recul des glaces de mer Arctiques

11 Sea Ice Thickness accessible through altimetry

12 Antartica: 30 M km3: height change from altimetry (ENVISAT) m/an T. Flament

13 Altika onboard SARAL: What will it bring to polar studies? 1 Same orbit as ERS 1, ERS 2, Envisat About 20 years of continuous measurements Necessary for continental ice sheets

14 Altika onboard SARAL: What will it bring to polar studies? 2 Ka band (35 GhZ), penetration depth is about 50 times less than Ku (13.6 GhZ) Ku 2 5 m Ka 2 10 cm

15 Altika onboard SARAL: What will it bring to polar studies? 3 Smaller beam (0.55 au lieu de 1.22 en Ku) => smaller footprint

16 Altika onboard SARAL: What will it bring to polar studies? 4 AltiKa frequency and bandwidth induce a better vertical resolution (30cm wrt to 45 in Ku band) 5 Higher PRF in Ka band, along track sampling twice the Ku band one (175 m instead of 350 m) Waveform with less penetration, smaller footprint, better sampling 6 First time we will benefit from combination of active and passive measurement (altimeter radiometer), in Ka band

17 TWO SLIDES ON CFOSAT CHINA-FRANCE OCEANOGRAPHY SATELLITE China-France Cooperation Currently in phase C/D Launch expected end of 2014 SSO Orbit, 7am descending 519 km altitude, 13 days cycle SWIM, new spaceborne instrument technology innovations (antenna, on-board digital processing) Nadir chanel ~altimeter SCAT, new concept of wind scatterometer Ku-band, rotating fan-beam Access to 2D wave spectrum with high angular resolution and with global scale Joint measurements of winds and waves PI: Danièle Hauser (CNRS/LATMOS)

18 SWIM INSTRUMENT Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring Real aperture radar in Ku band 6 incidence angles: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 et 10 Rotation speed: 5.7 rpm Will measure: Directionnal wave spectrum in the wavelenght range m Accuracy: 10% on wavelength, 15 on direction, 15% on spectral level around the peak SWH and wind speed from nadir Normalized radar cross section from 0 to 10 Absolute accuracy of ±1 db, relative accuracy between incidences ± 0.1 db Airborne instrument in 2012 (KUROS) 18

19 CFOSAT ON ICE Secondary objectives polar ice sheet and land surface monitoring: roughness, vegetation and soil moistness in semi-arid regions, polar ice sheet characterics => Multi-incidence normalized radar cross-section for estimating Surface parameters (in particular roughness)

20 SWOT SURFACE WATER AND OCEAN TOPOGRAPHY Hydrology and Oceanography mission Global, repeated high-resolution elevation measurements of ocean and inland water bodies Baseline payload : Ka-band interferometric altimeter (KaRIn) Traditional altimetry payload Launch ~2020! CNES budget secured in March 11 through General Investment Fund NASA/CNES Cooperation scheme approved Mission Concept Review succesfully passed in Sept 2012 Phase A underway at CNES, pre-phase A at NASA/JPL (Key Decision Point A in a few days!) CNES involvement: Participation in KaRIn DORIS, Altimeter Platform Ground segment

21 SIMULATION OF OCEAN DYNAMICS BY SWOT 800 km 200 km 600 km

22 CNES INVOLVEMENT IN OCEAN OBSERVATION Ocean sciences are one of the major interests of CNES Earth observation programs Supporting (and supported by) a strong scientific community through dedicated research funding Supporting several larger scope projects and initiatives (e.g. Mercator-Ocean, CORIOLIS and bioargo, Boussole, GIS COOC ) Strong support to R&D (Instrument, mission concepts, data processing ) In terms of satellites missions, the heavy weight is still on physical ocean observation altimetry (Jason-1/2/3/CS, SARAL/AltiKa, SWOT, Sentinel-3, Hy-2A, ) salinity (SMOS) wind/waves (CFOSAT), ocean color: PARASOL, Sentinel-3, GEOCAPI