EO Sensors : ISRO Past, Current & Future
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1 EO Sensors : ISRO Past, Current & Future Vinay K Dadhwal Director National Remote Sensing Centre, ISRO, Hyderabad, INDIA International Regional Science Meeting on Land Cover and Land Use Change Dynamics and Impacts in South Asia Karunya University, Coimbatore, 10 Jan 2013
2 Historical Development Aryabhatta First Satellite (Not EO)built by ISRO & launched from Russia Bhaskara I (1979) & Bhaskara II (1981) First series of experimental Earth Observation satellites, Geostationary for Weather Studies Experimental & Technology Satellites SROSS, TES (High Resolution), IMS (Microsatellite) Operational IRS Series IRS 1A, IRS 1B, IRS 1C, IRS 1D Thematic Series
3 Bhaskara satellite Bhaskara I Launched : June 7, 1979 by Intercosmos (USSR) Optical : TV Camera, 1 km, 2 band (Red, NIR) Microwave Radiometer : SAMIR (19.24, , 31.4 GHz) Bhaskara II Launched : Nov 20, 1981 by Intercosmos (USSR) Optical : TV Camera, 1 km, 2 band (Red, NIR) Microwave Radiometer : SAMIR TVPayload Frame imager 341*341 Sq M 1Km GSD Intensifier coupled SUPER Vidicon Refractive optics SAMIR Dicke Radiometer 3 frequencies 19.35,22.35 and 31 GHz Km GSD 1500 Km swath
4 Operational IRS Satellites - Initiation Mission IRS-1A IRS-1B IRS-1C IRS-1D Weight 975 kg 975 kg 1250 kg 1250 kg Onboard power (Solar Panel, sq m) 600 Watts Communication S-band, X-band, VHF S-band, X-band 809 Watts/(9.6 sqm ) WiFS (189 m) Payloads, (Solid State LISS-1 (72.5 m) LISS-3 (23.6m) Push Broom Camera) LISS-2A, 2B (36.25 m) PAN (<6m) Onboard Tape Recorder 62 Gb 62 Gb Launch / Mission Completion Launch Vehicle/ Site Mar 17, 1988/ Jul 1996 Aug 29, 1991/ Dec 20, 2003 Vostok/ Baikanur, Kazakhstan Dec 28, 1995/ Sep 21, 2007 Molniya/ Baikanur, Kazakhstan 27 Sep 1997/ Jan 2010 PSLV C1, SHAR,Orbit # (ht km) 904 km 904 km 817 km 740 x 817 km Inclination o o 98.69o Repetivity/ (Orbits) 22 days / (307 orbits) 24 days Local time & a.m a.m a.m a.m. # Orbit : Polar Sun Synchronous ; & Local Time : Descending Node
5 Indian Earth Observation Satellites 2009 RISAT-2 X-SAR 2011 RESOURCESAT-2 LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS 2003 RESOURCESAT-1 LISS 3; LISS 4; AWiFS 2012 RISAT-1 C-SAR 2007/ 2008/ 2010 CARTOSAT-2/2A/2B PAN 2005 CARTOSAT-1 Stereo PAN, F/A 2008 IMS-1 MX HySI-T 2001 TES Step & Stare PAN 2009 OCEANSAT-2 OCM, SCAT ROSA 2011 Megha Tropiques MADRAS, SAPHIR SCaRaB 2003 INSAT- 3A VHRR, CCD 2002 KALPANA-1 VHRR
6 Resourcesat-1 (IRS-P6) LISS-IV Stereo Viewing Specifications LISS-4 LISS-3 AWiFS Spatial Resolution (m) 5.8 m 23.5 m 56 m Swath (km) 23.9 (MX)/ 70 (Mono) x 2 Spectral Bands (mm) B to 0.59 B to 0.68 B to 0.86 B to 0.59 B to 0.68 B to 0.86 B to 1.70 B to 0.59 B to 0.68 B to 0.86 B to 1.70 Quantization (Bits) Best 7 of Revisit / Cycle (Days) 5 / / 24 5 / 24 Improved capability in radiometric, spatial and temporal resolutions Simultaneous data acquisition at different spatial resolutions for micro to macro level applications
7 Courtesy ASK,SAC
8 RSR : Across sensors & missions Chander et al., 2007, Trans IEEE Pandya Et al., 2007, J.Ind Soc. Rem Sens, 35, 333
9
10
11 OCEANSAT-2 : SCATTEROMETER 2009 Launch Scatterometer STRUCTURE REFLECTOR FEE D FRONT END SWITCH ASS. SPAR RECIEVER DACS DCG PLC(M) PLC(R) Scatterometer Specifications PARAMETER Altitude Frequency Resolution Polarisation Antenna Scanning Rate Data Rate Transmit Power Swath Wind Speed Range Wind Speed Accuracy Wind Direction Accuracy 720 Km GHz 50 km X 50 km HH (Inner) and VV (Outer) Parabola of 1.0 m Dia 20.5 rpm Mbit/sec (Raw) 74.4 Kbit/Sec (Processed) 100 W Peak 1400 km VALUE 4 to 24 m/s 2 m/sec or 10% ( Whichever is higher) 20 deg RMS Scatterometer Geometry OUTER BEAM V POL ORBIT TRACK INNER BEAM H POL 720 KMS DEG DEG SCAN AXIS 725 KM 910 KM ACROSS TRACK NADIR TRACK GEOMETRY OF THE PENCIL-BEAM SCATTEROMETER FOR OCEANSAT-II 90
12 CARTOSAT-1 Launch : PSLV-C6: May 05, 2005
13 CARTOSAT 2 / 2A Altitude : 630 km / 638 km* Inclination : deg / deg* Period : 97.4 minutes Local time (D) : 9.30 am Orbits.day : 14 Revisit / Repetivity : 4 days / 310 days Lift-off mass : 680 kg Payload : Panchromatic Camera Operational Life : 5 Years CARTOSAT 2/2A PAN SENSOR Spectral Range : Spatial Res. : <1m (81cm nom.) Swath : 9.6 km SSR : 64 GB Data Rate : 336 MBPS On-board Comp. : 3.2:1 Transmission : 105 MBPS
14 CARTOSAT - 2 High Resolution PAN imaging SWATH (km) : 10 SNR : 180 IGFOV (m) : 0.8 SWR (%) : 10 UNO, Vieana Step and Stare imaging Cartosat 2-A PAN & P6 LISS-IV CARTOSAT 2A ; Launch PSLV C9 28 Apr 2008
15 Indian Mini Series-1/ IMS-1 ORBIT ALTITUDE MISSION LIFE DIMENSION MASS POWER DATA STORAGE : Polar sun synchronous : 635 km : 2 km : x x : 83 kg : 2 Sol panel/ 220W : 16 Gb SSR HySI Payload TYPE : Hypersp. Camera SPECTRAL : ( µm) NO. BANDS : 64 fixed bands SPECTRAL Res.: 8 nanometer SPATIALRes. : m SWATH : km MASS : 3.4 kg Mx Payload TYPE : 4 Band MX CCD Camera SPECTRAL : B1 ( µm) BANDS : B2 ( µm) : B3 ( µm) : B4 ( µm) RESOLUTION : 37 m - SWATH : 151 km - MASS : 5.9 kg
16 RISAT
17 Imaging SAR : RISAT
18 Geostationary Operational Met. Satellites INSAT 1 Series (1A/ 1B/ 1C/ 1D); INSAT 2 Series (2A/ 2B/ 2C/ 2D); VHRR Visible 2.75 km IR 11 km INSAT 2E ; INSAT 3A ; VHRR + CCD VHRR : Visbile 2 km, IR 8 km CCD : Multispectral 3band, 1 km KALPANA (Met only payload), 2002, VHRR
19 Launch: 12 Oct 2011 Megha-Tropiques - A Joint ISRO-CNES Mission For studying water cycle and energy exchanges in tropical regions SAPHIR SCARAB MADRAS ROSA Low inclination (20º) for frequent simultaneous observations of tropics Water vapour, Clouds Cloud condensed water, Precipitation, Evaporation Contributing to Global Precipitation Mission (GPM)
20 Initial Megha-Tropiques data products SAPHIR BT Data MADRAS BT Data SAPHIR Relative Humidity Two Layers MADRAS GP Data
21 FUTURE EO SATELLITES & SENSORS SARAL (2013) INSAT 3D (2013) Resourcesat 2A, GISAT, Oceansat 3, RISAT 1A, Cartosat 2C
22 EO Near Future Satellites SARAL Satellite with ARgos and ALtika - Joint ISRO-CNES Mission Payloads Ka-band Altimeter (~35.5GHz) Dual freq Radiometer (23.8/36.8 GHz Status Launch by PSLV in early 2013 GISAT Multiple acquisition capability from a Geosynchronous Orbit Payloads High resolution multi-spectral VNIR (HRMX-VNIR): 50m Res. Hyper spectral VNIR & SWIR: 320m and 192m Res. High resolution Multi-spectral (HRMX-TIR): 1.5km Res. Status Launch by PSLV during INSAT - 3D For improved understanding of weather systems Payloads 19 channel Sounder 6 Channel Imager Status Launch by 2013 Resourcesat-2A Land and Water Resources Applications Continuity Mission Payloads LISS IV Mx, LISS III and AWiFS Status Launch by PSLV during Followed by satellites with high resolution cameras, hyperspectral sensors, Oceansat-3,
23 ISRO contribution: CEOS Virtual Constellations Land Surface Imaging (LSI) Resourcesat-2 Ocean Colour Radiometry (OCR) Oceansat-2 OCM Ocean Surface Vector Wind (OSVW) - Oceansat-2 Scatterometer Precipitation (PC) Megha-Tropiques Ocean Surface Topography (OST) SARAL Sea Surface Temperature (SST-VC) - (under discussion) Atmospheric Composition (ACC)
24 Thank You V K Dadhwal Director NRSC / ISRO Hyderabad, INDIA director@nrsc.gov.in
25 SARAL : Satellite for ARGOS & ALTIKA
26
27 INSAT 3D: IMAGER: 6 Band Band No. Spectrum (mm) IGFOV (km) S/N/ Or NEDT (K) Scene Condition :1 100% albedo :1 100% albedo K 300 K K 230 K K 300 K K 300 K
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