Rochester Institute of Technology. Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program (WASP) Project Overview

Transcription

1 Rochester Institute of Technology Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program (WASP) Project Overview

2 Introduction The following slides describe a program underway at RIT The sensor system described herein is being developed for wildfire detection and mapping All hardware developed under this program will remain at RIT and be available for other uses The system design is flexible allowing us apply the sensor to various missions including High resolution IR/Vis mapping Observables research such as: multispectral (IR/Vis) polarimetric multispectral IR at high spatial resolution Operational system prototyping For additional information, please contact: Mr. Donald McKeown (WASP Program Manager) phone: mckeown@cis.rit.edu

3 WASP Mission and Scope Provide reliable day/night wildfire detection with low false alarm rate Provide useful fire detection map information in near real time Phase 1 Demonstrate sensor operation from an aircraft Expected first flight: July 2003 Phase 2 (expected start date August 2003) Automated on-board data processing including geo-referencing and fire detection

4 Requirement Fire Detection Threshold Ground Swath Nadir GSD Spectral Bands Geo-location Dynamic Range Camera Resolution Sensitivity System Summary Performance Parameters Mapping visual confirmation 10km (4 frames) 0.5m µm RGB 15m horiz 1 σ 12 bit 4,000 x 4,000 per frame System Parameters Fire Detection 0.25m diameter; 600K 10km (4 frames) 3.0m SWIR ( µm) MWIR ( µm) LWIR ( µm) 15m horiz 1 σ 14 bit 640 x 512 per frame < 0.05K NEDT Operating Altitude Max Ground Speed System Weight System Power 10,000 ft AGL (nominal) 120 kt (mapping); 180 kt (fire detection) < 250 lb < 1200 W

5 Multi-Spectral Imaging Reduces False Alarms Multi-spectral camera system can discriminate fire from solar reflection by measuring relative brightness from band to band 0.5m resolution VNIR provides added discrimination by inspection Object Brightness Solar Reflection Wildfire VNIR SWIR MWIR LWIR Wavelength

6 WASP Sensor System Overview COTS Camera for VNIR Proven aerial mapping camera 4k x 4k pixel format 12 bit quantization High quality Kodak CCD COTS High Performance Position Measurement System Measurement Accuracy Position 5 m Roll/Pitch 0.03 deg Heading 0.10 deg 1.5 km at nadir Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science 6 km swath from 3 km (10kft) COTS Cameras for SWIR, MWIR, LWIR Ruggedized industrial/aerospace equipment 640 x 512 pixel format 14 bit quantization < 0.05K NEDT

7 Concept of Operations (Search) 640 x 512 pixel frame ( 1.9 km x 1.5 nadir) 61 pixel in-track offset frame to frame Pixel smear during 5 msec integration time < 0.2 pixels Assume 2 sec slew time for next frame Approx 128 pixel cross-track overlap 640 Pixels Direction of Flight 512 Pixels Nominal Ground Speed = 180 kts (92 m/s) 8 sec to cover full swath with 4 frames Reset gimbal angle in 3 seconds 11 seconds for full cycle Allows 179 pixel in-track overlap Search Mode Using 3 IR Cameras is the Primary Fire Detection Mode Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

8 Concept of Operations (Mapping) 4000 x 4000 pixel frame ( 2 km x 2 nadir) 496 pixel in-track offset frame to frame Pixel smear during 2 msec integration time < 0.25 pixels Assume 4 sec slew time for next frame Approx 1200 pixel cross-track overlap 4000 Pixels 4000 Pixels Direction of Flight Nominal Ground Speed = 120 kts (62 m/s) 16 sec to cover full swath with 4 frames Reset gimbal angle in 3 seconds 19 seconds for full cycle Allows 822 pixel in-track overlap Mapping Mode uses High Res VNIR camera with IR Cameras Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science

9 Camera Overview (SWIR, MWIR, LWIR) 3 High Performance COTS Cameras 640 x 512 pixels 14 bit dynamic range real-time video capability standardized interfaces ruggedized industrial packaging Camera Control Electronics (1 for each camera)

10 High Performance COTS Camera Proven aerial mapping camera 4000 x 4000 pixel full frame CCD 12 bit dynamic range RGB color (CIR available) Camera Overview (VNIR) TerraPix Camera System Optics Manufacturer Contax, Carl Zeiss Lens design Refractive elements Focal length 55 mm Focal ratio (F#) 4 Focal adjustment Automatic or Manual Iris adjustment Automatic or Manual Spectral transmiss microns Image Sensor Manufacturer Eastman Kodak Co (Cat. No. KAF-16801CE Color array patternbayer pattern, 3 color Pixel size 9 microns, square Array configuration4080(h) x 4080(V) Camera System Frame rate 1 frame/3.8 sec. Exposure 1/4000 max. Shutter Mechanical curtain Shutter trigger Manual or computer trigger Shutter reliability > 50,000 shutter actuations Camera data interf FireWire Cable length 12 or 24 feet (digital back to computer) Dynamic range 12 bits/color ISO range

11 Inertial Position Measurement Inertial Measurement /GPS Model POS AV310 Measurement Accuracy Position 5 m Roll & Pitch 0.03 deg Heading 0.10 deg Precision Inertial Measurement Unit Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science GPS Antenna GPS receiver Position Processor Provides time tagged position calculation for each image frame

12 WASP Sensor Configuration MWIR LWIR SWIR VNIR Gimbal Assembly Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science IMU 24 Inches

13 Mechanical Design Overview Sensor Mount Assembly (SMA) Gimbal Frame Assembly (GFA) Aircraft Interface Mount (AIM) Electronics Rack Assembly (ERA) Forward Total System Weight < 250 lb Max Total Power < 1200 W GFA SMA AIM ERA Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Sensor shown installed in Piper Aztec space envelope

14 Aircraft Integration Aztec Commonly used by RIT for spectrometer flight ops Viewport Dia. = 22 Depth = 6 Electronics Area Left rear seat removed Accessed from right rear seat

15 WASP Aircraft Installation Layout System fits in center and rear seat area

16 WASP Integration and Test VNIR LWIR IR Camera Interface Electronics IMU SWIR MWIR All Sensor Subsystems Procured Initial Image Testing Underway

17 Top Level Schedule Months ARO Months Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Design Procure/Fab Cameras and IMU Other Hardware Submit Final Report Breadboard Integration and Test Protoype Integration and Test RIT Aircraft I&T (Aztec) USFS Aircraft I&T (TBR) Write Final Report

18 Conclusion WASP system will provide reliable day/night fire detection and mapping First flight in July 2003 Automated processing and map generation project will begin in August WASP is excellent test bed for a variety of full spectrum, multispectral mapping applications