Microwave Amplifier Design
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1 Micrwave Amplifier Des
2 Micrwave Amplifier Des Tw-rt wer as Fiure - (p. 537) A tw-prt netwrk with eneral surce an la impeances. wer Available a, a Transucer wer A avn avs a T,,, avs avn avs ut
3 Tw rt wer as w t we a s 8 8 ut 8. 3
4 Tw rt wer as avs avn 8 ut 8 8 ut ut ut ut ut pecial utput T pecial case : matche pwer a, case : bth put an unilateral avn A TU avs T avs transucer 4
5 Tw rt wer as Example. mparisn f wer a Defits A micrwave reference transistr has impeance: the fllw parameters at Hz,.455,.,.5,.4 5, 3. lut with a A ut ut.48 5 T 5 5
6 Tw rt wer as Fiure - (p. 54) The eneral transistr amplifier circuit. Effective a i fr the put (surce)) Effective a fr the utput t (la) match netwrk : match netwrk : Transucer pwer a fr transistr : The verall transucer a : T 6
7 Tw rt wer as If the transistr is unilateral, njuate match aas FET equivalent KT s that = =, ut = X s T The verall transucer a : B c s j TU ut i s 8 m c s ms s avs i i s i f f T 7
8 Tw rt wer as Fiure -4 (p. 54) htraph f a lw nise MMI amplifier us three HEMTs with cplanar waveuie circuitry. The amplifier has a a f B frm t 4 Hz. The cntact pas n the left an riht f the chip are fr F put an utput, with D bias cnnects at the tp. hip imenss are.. mm. urtesy f. W. Jacksn an B. Hu f the University f Massachusetts an J. Wenler f M/A-OM. 8
9 tability ty Uncnital stability:, ut fr all i.e.,, nital stability:, nly fr a ut impeances, This case passive is als surce referre an certa rane t f la as impeances passive ptentiall y surce an unstable la Frequency epenence irus treatment f stability requires that the netwrk parameters have n ples the riht-half h cmplex frequency plane, ait i t < an ut <. 9
10 tability ty tability ircles fr uncnitally nits The equat fr the utput stability circle: stable amplifier : i r ut If the evice is unilateral ( ) these cnits i reuce t : A t bth sies
11 tability ty tability ircles Output stability circle: Input stability circle: (center) (center) (raius) (raius) If we set Fiure Fiure, then.5(a).5(b) If the evice is uncnital stable, stability circle is cmpletely utsie the mith chart., fr, fr
12 tability ty Fiure -5 (p. 544) Output stability circles fr a cnitally stable evice. (a) <. (b) >.
13 tability ty Tests fr Uncnital tability K test : test : llet's cnit K Auxiliary cnit, are simultaneusly satisfie., ut bunary e j ut we must have ut Als, ut. ut, 3
14 tability ty Example. Transistr tability The s parameters fr the H HFET - aas FET at Hz with a bias vltae are iven as fllws lut K test : llet's cnit K Auxiliary cnit test :, ( 5 ).6.4, ,
15 tability ty Fiure -6 (p. 549) tability circles fr Example.. 5
16 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des Des fr Maximum a (njuate Match) ce is fixe,, the verall a lv fr will be cntrlle by an. Maximum a if cnjuate match an T ut In the eneral bilateral circuit : match max cnit require B B 4 B B 4 imilarly, 6
17 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des The variables B,, B, efe as B B B B 4 4 are The unilateral case : TU, max, If the transistr is uncnitally stable, s that K If K T max K K, simultaneus cnjuate match K is nt pssible, maximum stable a : ms 7
18 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des Example.3 njuately Matche Amplifier Des Des an amplifier fr maximum The aas FET has the fllw a at 4. Hz us sects. alculate an plt the put return lss an the f (Hz) lut heck K test at 4. Hz K parameters ( 5 ) Fr maximum a, B B B sle - stub match a frm 3 t 5 Hz. B
19 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des lut (cntue) B B.67. B The verall transucer a, T max B Fiure -7b (p. 553) (b) F circuit. Fiure -7a (p. 55) (a) mith chart fr the es f the put match netwrk. 9
20 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des Fiure -7b (p. 553) (c)frequency respnse.
21 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des nstant a ircles an Des fr pecifie a is small enuh t re, max unilateral. T U TU U max U : unilateral fiure f merit Defe nrmalize a factrs : U, max. max
22 le-tae Transistr Amplifier Des e tae a s st p e es nstant a ircles an Des fr pecifie a : f value fixe Fr, : f value Fr fixe,. : f value fr fixe imilarly,,.
23 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des Example.4 Amplifier Des fr pecifie a Des an amplifier circles fr t have a a f B an 3 B, an B at 4. Hz. lt cnstant a B an B. alculate an plt the put return lss an verall amplifier a frm 3 t 5 Hz. The FET has the fllw f (Hz) parameters ( 5 ) lut max max B.56.9 B TU max B B 3
24 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des lut (cntue) 3 B.76 B.67 B.5 7 B Fiure -8a/b (p. 556) (a) nstant a circles. (b) F circuit. 4
25 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des Fiure -8b (p. 557) (c) Transucer a an return lss. 5
26 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des w-ise Amplifier Des Derivat f circles f cnstant nise fiure Y ise fiure fr a tw - prt amplifier : F Fm Y Ypt, Ypt where Y Y F pt m jb ptimum equivalent real mimum part f surce surce nise nise surce amittance amittance F fiure resistance f amittance m transistr ise pt pt parameters f the evice 6
27 le-tae Transistr Amplifier Des e tae a s st p e es t pt pt 4 Y Y pt pt pt pt pt pt pt e Y pt pt pt pt pt pt pt pt pt pt i. 4 F F pt m :, the Defe. parameter fiure nise F F pt F F F pt m pt 4 F F pt F 7
28 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des Example.5 w-ise Amplifier Des A aas meters the an FET.98 hav a, is nise maximum lut B biase nise parameters errr.5 6 fr mimum T fiure if at 4 Hz ; F m evice with the nise (.6 B, is fiure, 5 ) : assume maximum pt an has.6 unilateral. a with the.6 6 this, fllw, nise. fiure. para -.56 alculate Then es an amplifier F F U.59 m 986 pt pt T F.56 U TU U T pt r.89.5 B.3.5 B F.4 TU, 8
29 le-tae tae Transistr st Amplifier Des lut (cntue) cnstant a circles (B) hse.5375 maximum TU : fr.33.5 B B 8.53 B Fiure -9a (p. 56) ircuit es fr the transistr amplifier f Example.5. (a) nstant a an nise fiure circles. (b) F circuit. 9
30 Braban Transistr st Amplifier Des arrw banwith ue t Match requirement fr maximum a transistrs are nt 5 ecreases with frequency at the rate f 6 B/ctave mmn appraches fr braban (cst: a, cmplexity ) mpensate match netwrks (, cst: put/utput match) esistive match netwrks (match, cst: a lss an nise fiure) eative feeback (frequency respnse, match, stability, cst: a an nise fiure) Balance amplifiers (braban match, cst: twice transistr & pwer) Distribute amplifiers (braban a, match, nise fiure, cst: circuit size, sle stae a) 3
31 Braban Transistr st Amplifier Des Balance Amplifiers Fiure - (p. 56) A balance amplifier us 9 hybri cuplers. A B j A B j A B A IF the amplifier are ientical, F F A F B B A B 3
32 Braban Transistr st Amplifier Des Example.6 erfrmance an Optimizat f a Balance Amplifier Match etwrk arameter Input sect stub lenth Input sect le lenth Output sect le lenth Output sect stub lenth Befre After Optimizat Optimizat Fiure - (p. 564) a an return lss, befre an after ptimizat, i fr the balance amplifier f Example.6. 3
33 Braban Transistr st Amplifier Des Distribute Amplifiers Fiure - (p. 565) nfiurat f an -stae istribute amplifier. Fiure -3 (p. 566) (a) Transmiss le circuit fr the ate le f the istribute amplifier; 33
34 Braban Transistr st Amplifier Des Distribute Amplifiers Fiure -3 (p. 566) (b) equivalent circuit f a sle unit cell f the ate le. Fiure -4 (p. 566) (b) equivalent circuit f a sle unit cell f the ra le. Fiure -4 (p. 566) (a) Transmiss le circuit fr the ra le f the istribute ib t amplifier; 34
35 Braban Transistr Amplifier Des aba a s st p e es Distribute Amplifiers Example.7 i, 5 Assume s s i l j l j 35 m..7 pf,, 3, m s s i l l i m s s e e I l j l j ~ 8 Hz. 8,6; 4,, f l l m l l i m e e e e e e I ut l l m l l e e e e 4 l l l l e e ln 4 t 35 l l pt
36 wer Amplifiers haracteristics f wer Amplifiers an Amplifier lasses Imprtant cnsierats fr pwer amplifier: efficiency, a, termulat pructs, thermal effects. A, fixe a Amp: small-sal amplifiers (transistr: lear evice) Amplifier pwer AE efficiency: mpresse a : ut B B D ae AE efficiency : ut ut D D earity, lass lass lass A : B : : lear, termulat istrt maximum always cnuct nly push - pull near cutff efficiency cnuct efficiency near / type, mre cycle 78% than %, 5% / cycle resnant circuit 36
37 wer Amplifiers are-al haracterizat f Transistrs Fr pwer near r larer than, parameters will epen n put pwer level, utput impeance, frequency, bias cnit, temperature. f Table. mall-al arameters an are-al eflect efficients (ilicn Biplar wer Transistr) MHz B
38 wer Amplifiers a-pull cnturs Autmate measurement with electrmechanical stub tuners nlar mels: s, m,, s Temperature!!! Fiure -6 (p. 57) nstant utput pwer cnturs versus la impeance fr a typical pwer FET. 38
39 wer Amplifiers Example.8 Des f a lass A wer Amplifier Des a pwer amplifier at 9 MHz us Mtrla MF858 silicn BJT. lut 39
40 wer Amplifiers Fiure -7 (p. 574) F circuit fr the amplifier f Example.8. 4
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