4.1 Students demonstrate an understanding of the physical and human geographic features that define places and regions in California.

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1 Califrnia Cmmn Cre Cntent Standards: Scial Studies Grade Students demnstrate an understanding f the physical and human gegraphic features that define places and regins in Califrnia. 1 Explain and use the crdinate grid system f latitude and lngitude t determine the abslute lcatins f places in Califrnia and n Earth. Identify lines f latitude and lngitude (4-F.2) Use lines f latitude and lngitude (4-F.3) 2 Distinguish between the Nrth and Suth Ples; the equatr and the prime meridian; the trpics; and the hemispheres, using crdinates t plt lcatins. Identify lines f latitude and lngitude (4-F.2) 3 Identify the state capital and describe the varius regins f Califrnia, including hw their characteristics and physical envirnments (e.g., water, landfrms, vegetatin, climate) affect human activity. Identify state capitals f the West (4-I.1) Name state capitals f the West (4-I.2) Identify the 50 state capitals (4-I.9) Name the 50 state capitals (4-I.10) 4 Identify the lcatins f the Pacific Ocean, rivers, valleys, and muntain passes and explain their effects n the grwth f twns. 5 Use maps, charts, and pictures t describe hw cmmunities in Califrnia vary in land use, vegetatin, wildlife, climate, ppulatin density, architecture, services, and transprtatin.

2 Califrnia Cmmn Cre Cntent Standards: Scial Studies Grade Students describe the scial, plitical, cultural, and ecnmic life and interactins amng peple f Califrnia frm the pre-clumbian scieties t the Spanish missin and Mexican ranch perids. 1 Discuss the majr natins f Califrnia Indians, including their gegraphic distributin, ecnmic activities, legends, and religius beliefs; and describe hw they depended n, adapted t, and mdified the physical envirnment by cultivatin f land and use f sea resurces. 2 Identify the early land and sea rutes t, and Eurpean settlements in, Califrnia with a fcus n the explratin f the Nrth Pacific (e.g., by Captain James Ck, Vitus Bering, Juan Cabrill), nting especially the imprtance f muntains, deserts, cean currents, and wind patterns. 3 Describe the Spanish explratin and clnizatin f Califrnia, including the relatinships amng sldiers, missinaries, and Indians (e.g., Juan Crespi, Juniper Serra, Gaspar de Prtla). 4 Describe the mapping f, gegraphic basis f, and ecnmic factrs in the placement and functin f the Spanish missins; and understand hw the missin system expanded the influence f Spain and Cathlicism thrughut New Spain and Latin America. 5 Describe the daily lives f the peple, native and nnnative, wh ccupied the presidis, missins, ranchs, and puebls. 6 Discuss the rle f the Franciscans in changing the ecnmy f Califrnia frm a huntergatherer ecnmy t an agricultural ecnmy. 7 Describe the effects f the Mexican War fr Independence n Alta Califrnia, including its effects n the territrial bundaries f Nrth America. 8 Discuss the perid f Mexican rule in Califrnia and its attributes, including land grants, secularizatin f the missins, and the rise f the ranch ecnmy.

3 Califrnia Cmmn Cre Cntent Standards: Scial Studies Grade Students explain the ecnmic, scial, and plitical life in Califrnia frm the establishment f the Bear Flag Republic thrugh the Mexican-American War, the Gld Rush, and the granting f statehd. 1 Identify the lcatins f Mexican settlements in Califrnia and thse f ther settlements, including Frt Rss and Sutter's Frt. 2 Cmpare hw and why peple traveled t Califrnia and the rutes they traveled (e.g., James Beckwurth, Jhn Bidwell, Jhn C. Fremnt, Pi Pic). 3 Analyze the effects f the Gld Rush n settlements, daily life, plitics, and the physical envirnment (e.g., using bigraphies f Jhn Sutter, Marian Guadalupe Vallej, Luise Clapp). 4 Study the lives f wmen wh helped build early Califrnia (e.g., Biddy Masn). 5 Discuss hw Califrnia became a state and hw its new gvernment differed frm thse during the Spanish and Mexican perids.

4 Califrnia Cmmn Cre Cntent Standards: Scial Studies Grade Students explain hw Califrnia became an agricultural and industrial pwer, tracing the transfrmatin f the Califrnia ecnmy and its plitical and cultural develpment since the 1850s. 1 Understand the stry and lasting influence f the Pny Express, Overland Mail Service, Western Unin, and the building f the transcntinental railrad, including the cntributins f Chinese wrkers t its cnstructin. 2 Explain hw the Gld Rush transfrmed the ecnmy f Califrnia, including the types f prducts prduced and cnsumed, changes in twns (e.g., Sacrament, San Francisc), and ecnmic cnflicts between diverse grups f peple. 3 Discuss immigratin and migratin t Califrnia between 1850 and 1900, including the diverse cmpsitin f thse wh came; the cuntries f rigin and their relative lcatins; and cnflicts and accrds amng the diverse grups (e.g., the 1882 Chinese Exclusin Act). 4 Describe rapid American immigratin, internal migratin, settlement, and the grwth f twns and cities (e.g., Ls Angeles). 5 Discuss the effects f the Great Depressin, the Dust Bwl, and Wrld War II n Califrnia. 6 Describe the develpment and lcatins f new industries since the turn f the century, such as the aerspace industry, electrnics industry, large-scale cmmercial agriculture and irrigatin prjects, the il and autmbile industries, cmmunicatins and defense industries, and imprtant trade links with the Pacific Basin. 7 Trace the evlutin f Califrnia's water system int a netwrk f dams, aqueducts, and reservirs. 8 Describe the histry and develpment f Califrnia's public educatin system, including universities and cmmunity clleges. 9 Analyze the impact f twentieth-century Califrnians n the natin's artistic and cultural develpment, including the rise f the entertainment industry (e.g., Luis B. Meyer, Walt Disney, Jhn Steinbeck, Ansel Adams, Drthea Lange, Jhn Wayne).

5 Califrnia Cmmn Cre Cntent Standards: Scial Studies Grade Students understand the structures, functins, and pwers f the lcal, state, and federal gvernments as described in the U.S. Cnstitutin. 1 Discuss what the U.S. Cnstitutin is and why it is imprtant (i.e., a written dcument that defines the structure and purpse f the U.S. gvernment and describes the shared pwers f federal, state, and lcal gvernments). The Cnstitutin (4-K.4) 2 Understand the purpse f the Califrnia Cnstitutin, its key principles, and its relatinship t the U.S. Cnstitutin. 3 Describe the similarities (e.g., written dcuments, rule f law, cnsent f the gverned, three separate branches) and differences (e.g., scpe f jurisdictin, limits n gvernment pwers, use f the military) amng federal, state, and lcal gvernments. Lcal gvernment (4-K.1) State gvernment (4-K.2) Federal gvernment (4-K.3) Checks and balances (4-K.6) 4 Explain the structures and functins f state gvernments, including the rles and respnsibilities f their elected fficials. State gvernment (4-K.2) 5 Describe the cmpnents f Califrnia's gvernance structure (e.g., cities and twns, Indian rancherias and reservatins, cunties, schl districts).