Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Masanobu Shimada, Yukihiro KANKAKU, Manabu Watanabe, and Takeshi Motooka CEOS SAR CALVAL workshop at ASF, 2011

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1 Current Status of the ALOS-2 / PALSAR-2 and the CALVAL Program + Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Masanobu Shimada, Yukihiro KANKAKU, Manabu Watanabe, and Takeshi Motooka CEOS SAR CALVAL workshop at ASF, 2011

2 The mission of ALOS-2 Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2(ALOS-2) is the post ALOS carrying PALSAR-2, the advanced PALSAR, to be launched in The main objectives of ALOS-2 are as follows, Land Monitoring(Biosphere, Cryosphere, Solid Earth) Disaster Monitoring(Quick observation) Resource Exploration To meet the requirements, PALSAR-2 has higher resolution, better sensitivity and higher image quality than PALSAR. Increase the InSAR coherence for Strip and ScanSAR (46 -> 14 days, and Orbital tube by 500m radius) 3

3 4 The overview of ALOS-2 ALOS-2 satellite parameters Orbit type : Sun-synchronous Launch : 2013 Altitude : 628km +/- 500m(for reference orbit) Revisit time : 14days LSDN : 12:00 +/- 15min SAR antenna Z Y X PALSAR-2 (Mission Sensor) L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar Active Phased Array Antenna type two dimensions scan (range and azimuth) Antenna size : 3m(El) x 10m(Az) Bandwidth : 14 to 84MHz Peak transmit Power : 5100W Observation swath : 25km to 490km Resolution : Range 3m to 100m Azimuth 1m to 100m

4 PALSAR-2 Specification High ScanSAR ScanSAR Spotlight Ultra Fine Fine sensitive nominal wide Bandwidth 84MHz 84MHz 42MHz 28MHz 14MHz 28MHz 14MHz Resolution Rg Az: 3 1m 3m 6m 10m 100m 60m Swath Rg Az: 350km 490km 50km 50km 70km 25 25km 5scan 7can Polarization SP SP/DP SP/DP/FP/CP SP/DP NESZ -24dB -24dB -28dB -26dB -26dB -23dB -23dB S/A Rg 25dB 25dB 23dB 25dB 25dB 20dB Az 20dB 25dB 20dB 23dB 20dB 20dB SP : HH or VV or HV, DP : HH+HV or VV+VH, FP : HH+HV+VH+VV, CP : Compact pol (Experimental mode) The each observation mode will be used for... Spotlight : Emergency Observation Ultra Fine : nominal observation to collect the basemap for InSAR. High sensitive : flood observation. Fine : same as PALSAR observation. ScanSAR nominal (28MHz bandwidth) : ScanSAR-ScanSAR InSAR. ScanSAR wide : ship detection. 5

5 Beam management for ScanSAR mode km mode Beam Group Number Scanning number Range off-nadir [deg] 9.1 to to to to km mode Beam Group Number Scanning number Range off-nadir [deg] 9.1 to to to 58.3

6 New techniques High power and efficiency device to get high quality image (better NESZ) GaN HEMT the first flight for satellite in the world. Dual receive antenna system to get wide swath (low PRF) SAR antenna consisted of 5 electric panels. full aperture for transmission and divided antenna for receiving Chirp modulation to get high quality image (better S/A) Up/Down and Phase modulation to distinguish the pulses New data compression algorithm updated BAQ algorithm 7

7 8 The Engineering Models The antenna Engineering Model (EM) the size for antenna EM is half of one electric panel. elliptical aperture : to reduce the sidelobe 3m m The structure is one electric panel size, however the only half quantity of antenna radiation elements are mounted.

8 9 The Engineering Models The interface between antenna elements and the components mounted on antenna was confirmed. mounted components are transmission and receive module(trm), power supply for TRM(MPSU) and controll unit (CDU) etc. The analized radiation antenna pattern using EM of antenna elements was good result, EL 30deg stterubg Az 3.5 deg stterubg The realistic radiation antenna pattern (antenna EM size) will be measured in this week.

9 10 The future schedule The Critical Design Review for ALOS-2 was completed. The Proto Fright models will be manufactured. Calendar Year Milestone ALOS Launch Now SDR PDR CDR Phase-B Phase-C Phase-D

10 CAL/VAL: Calibration of PALSAR-2 SAR imaging and applications (MELCO, Sigma-SAR) High level product (Ortho, Slope, InSAR-DEM) Application: Forest monitoring (REDD+, Illegal Logging) Disaster monitoring (DinSAR, Change Detection, Oil spill, subsidence, earthquake, volcano) Wind speed measurements (Coastal field) Ionospheric monitoring Cryospheric observation Coastal line observation RA programs (RA-4, July 2012, Node is not available, Direct Reception may be OK)

11 12 Calibration of the PALSAR-2 CR deployments in Japan and foreign countries (West Amazon is the key for PolCal: Ionosphere non-affected) Amazon Forest for antenna pattern measurements, elevation pattern and azimuth pattern PARC will be used for validating the geometry at various sites. POLCAL: Various methods will be used using the CRs and distributed targets in Amazon.

12 13 Calibration of the PALSAR-2 PALSAR-2 key issues: Ionospheric correction Geometric and radiometric calibrations Different Modes: FBS, FBD, POL, ScanSAR

13 PALSAR CAL SItes Alaska1-8,10 Greenland Kiruna Sweden1-3 Alaska9 Bear Lakes Farnborough Gatineau/Ottawa Oberpfaffenhofen Zurich Bavaria1-2 Edwards LasVegas Amherst1-3 REV 運用 Air Force Base SanDiego1-2 Istomino1-3 Khurumsha1-3 Ulaanbaatar Japan_Scan Hawaii REV Amazon _REV Amazon_Scan Amazon Manaus REV 暗時ノイズ Rio_Branco 暗時ノイズ Balikpapan Tonda Daly River Alice Springs Injune Adelaide/Apogee/ Roseworthy Hobart Ocean_Scan Thwaites Basin Dome C JAXA Calibration Site Calibration Mode Site Cal-Scientist Calibration Site Antenna Pattern Site アマゾン : アンテナパターン 校正係数の妥当性確認コーナー反射鏡 : 校正係数 位置精度の抽出ポラリメトリ : 電離層の影響を受けずに校正を実施する必要あり ー >アマゾン磁気赤道にコーナー反射鏡の設置 (ASF, IGBEとの協力 : 世界初の試み ) 612 点収集

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15 CAL instruments Tomakomai site : POL ARC CR? PARC Frequency band 1256~1284MHz 1256~1284MHz Off nadir angle 9.9~ ~50.8 RCS 15~60dBm 2 15~60dBm 2 RCS stability <±0.1dB <±0.1dB ALOS tracking Yes(program tracking) Yes(program tracking) Max. Rec. power -44.5dBm -44.5dBm Max. trans. Power 22.5dBm 22.5dBm temperature range -10~+50-10~+50 Humidity range 35~100%RH 35~100%RH

16 4. Stability of PALSAR Temporal variation of the SAR data was evaluated using the.amazon PALSAR 4 look data. Ortho, Slope corrected data were evaluated. Average:0.01dB, (0.185dB):High stability was confirmed. SAR reference image SAR difference image 17

17 FBS/FBD Evaluation Results FBD FBS FBD34.3 FBD41.5 FBS34.3 FBS21.5 FBS41.5

18 Incidence angle dependence of the gamma naught Evaluation conducted using the Amazon data Strip modes ScanSAR data

19 Geometric calibration using the CRs Mode and time dependency over last three years

20 Noise Equivalent Sigma-Zero (NESZ) HH HV shows lowest values of the sigma-naught Specification Level (-23dB) FBD343

21 Summary of the PALSAR CALVAL results

22 Schedule 2Mo : Initial Check(i.e., launch Aug 2013) 4Mo : Initial Calibration L+5~: Operation Start (i.e., Feb. 2014)

23 Forest Monitoring Rio Branco Rondonia

24 Forest Monitoring Rio Branco Rondonia

25 Forest Monitoring Rondonia JERS-1 SAR 1996 ALOS PALSAR 2007

26 Forest Monitoring Rondonia JERS-1 SAR 1996 Forest Change from 1996 to 2007

27 Forest Monitoring Rondonia Forest Change from 1996 to km Porto Velho ポルトベーリョ

28 DCP2010 points Forest, Non-forest, water DCP2010:resulst OK, NG

29 Evaluation result for 2009 using DCP Agree 443 (84%) 分類一致不一致合計正解率備考 Disagree 87 (16%) 森林 %1~5に対応 非森林 %0,6~16に対応 合計 %

30 Land Use Classification in Riau, Sumatra WWF 10 classes PALSAR 10 classes Natural forest Natural mangrove forest Natural re-growth Acacia Oil Palm Rubber Coconut Open area Other Water Forest(exclude Mangrove)/Non-forest Accuracy:87.9%

31 PALSAR DinSAR for Tohoku-Oki Earthquake Epicenter 2011/4/11 M7.0 Epicenter 2011/3/19 M6.1 Epicenter 2011/3/11 M9.0 8 passes -5.9cm 0 5.9cm 3 passes km

32 DSM ScanSAR-ScanSAR Interferometry High Coherence Wide image areas (350km) Saharan Dessert Bp~200m April 17 ~March 4, 2008 SAR image Coherence 350km

33 DSM SAR image ScanSAR-ScanSAR Interferometry High Coherence Wide image areas (350km) Bp~200m South Africa 350km Coherence

34 Haiti Earthquake 350km Epicenter PALSAR ScanSAR DinSAR Bp=219~171 m Sept Feb ScanSAR 5 beams 14 MHz JAXA/METI analyzed by JAXA -5.9cm ~ 5.9 cm

35 Conclusions ALOS-2 in preparation for 2013 launch. ALOS-2 CDR has been successfully conducted on June Basic Observation Plan is being prepared. Collaboration with InSAR research groups and REDD+ users. L1.1 or higher is the main products for distribution.

36 Estimated Flooded Area Bang Chan Industrial Estate November 5th

37 Estimated Flooded Area Lat Krabang Industrial Estate November 5th

38 Estimated Flooded Area Don Muang Airport November 6th

39 Estimated Flooded Area Chatuchack (FROC) November 7th

40 Pi-SAR-L2 Frequency 1.275e9 Hz Band width 50 MHz- 84MHz Sampling freq MHz, 120 Height 6~12Km Image swath <=15Km AD(I/Q) 8 bits ρ (R) slant 3 m, 1.8m ρ (A) 4look 3.2 m σ db NEσ0-45 db Inci. Angle 10~60 Polarimetry Full τ 10µιχροs SIGMA-SAR processor Pt 3.5KW Tottori Dune N R:HH,G:HV,B:VV Pi-SAR-L