Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Systems. Jens Reimann, Marco Schwerdt, Sravan Kumar Aitha and Manfred Zink
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1 Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Systems Jens Reimann, Marco Schwerdt, Sravan Kumar Aitha and Manfred Zink
2 DLR.de Chart 2 Low Frequency SAR Missions OHB
3 DLR.de Chart 3 BIOMASS - Facts ESA Living Planet Program Frequency: P-band (435 MHz) Antenna: 12 m Offset-Reflector Polarization: Quad-Pol Abs. Radiometric Bias: 0.3 db (1σ) Spatial Resolution: about 60m
4 Parameter Value Comments No. Satellites 2 Bistatic operation Orbit Height 745km 231 cycles /16 days Frequency L-band Available Frequency band MHz Bandwidth Up to 80 MHz Split Frequency Modes for Ionospheric corrections Look direction right & left Reflector Diameter 15 m Deployable Reflector with 10m Boom Polarization single/dual/quad Optionally compact pol
5 DLR.de Chart 5 Tandem-L: Antenna Concept Digital Feed-Array
6 DLR.de Chart 6 Tandem-L: Scan-On-Receive
7 First Calibration Approach for Tandem-L Internal Calibration Absolute Calibration Bistatic Calibration Target Development Analogue HW Characterization Digital Compensation Antenna Model Physical Antenna Model 64 Beams (H & V) Polarimetric Calibration DBF Antenna Model some thousands of Beams Geometric Calibration SAR Processor Antenna Pointing
8 DLR.de Chart 8 Low Frequency SAR Calibration Challenges Huge Target Size Large Reflector Antenna Ionosphere
9 DLR.de Chart 9 > Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Missions > Jens Reimann 08. September 2016 Calibration Targets: P-band BIOMASS Cal-Targets Corner Reflectors are impractical (60 dbm² = leg length 18 m ) BIOMASS Transponder with large and heavy 4 m x 4 m Planar Antenna High costs especially due to complicate Positioner
10 12.31cm DLR.de Chart 10 > Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Missions > Jens Reimann 08. September 2016 Alternative Calibration Target for P-band 12.7 cm DLR developed compact & light Horn Antenna Prototype at C & L-band Manufactured using 3D Printing Dispersible, but Reproducible Construction C-Band Prototype of printed Horn Antenna Gain: 14.9 dbi at C-band Cross-Polar Isolation: > -40 db
11 DLR.de Chart 11 > Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Missions > Jens Reimann 08. September 2016 Performance of Printed C-Band Horn Antenna
12 80 cm DLR.de Chart 12 > Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Systems > Jens Reimann > 09. June 2016 Printed Corrugated Horn at L-Band 70 cm
13 1.58 m DLR.de Chart 13 > Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Missions > Jens Reimann 08. September 2016 Printed Horn Antenna: Comparison conventional printed Antenna 12.4 kg 1 kg 64 cm 20 cm > 10x lighter > 3x shorter Comparison C-Band Antennas 2.03 m P-Band
14 DLR.de Chart 14 Low Frequency SAR Calibration Challenges Huge Target Size Large Reflector Antenna Ionosphere
15 DLR.de Chart 15 Large Reflector Antenna Issues Large Reflector Antenna Mechanical Stability Pointing & Antenna Pattern Knowledge
16 DLR.de Chart 16 Pattern Simulation: Tandem-L Performed using TICRA s GRASP Simulation of Tx Beam and 32 Physical Rx Beams Simulation of Disturbances Comparison of Disturbed and Non-Disturbed Configuration
17 DLR.de Chart 17 Pattern Simulation Results: Reflector Roll Offset of Phase Difference Cross-Pol Power Difference Power Difference Nominal Pattern of Rx Beam No. 32 db caused by Disturbance deg db db
18 DLR.de Chart 18 Tandem-L Hardware Facts 5 Simultaneously Recorded Receive Channels in HW Arbitrary Combination & Weighting of Feed Elements No. of Required HW Channels dependents on PRF Swath Width Pol-Mode Topography Sometimes HW Channels are unused
19 DLR.de Chart 19 Permanent Pointing Monitoring - Theory Used as Notch Beam Receive Beam Blind Range Receive Beam outside the swath Range
20 DLR.de Chart 20 > Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Systems > Jens Reimann > 09. June 2016
21 DLR.de Chart 21 Permanent Pointing Monitoring - Example Question: Pointing Determination outside Amazon Rainforest feasible? Experimental Acquisition using TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X Satellite Pulse-to-Pulse Switching between Nominal & Notch Beam (Aperture Switching) Two Images of the same Scene with different Antenna Pattern Mitigate Influence of underlying Scene
22 Average along Azimuth DLR.de Chart 22 Permanent Pointing Monitoring Preliminary Results I Nominal Beam Notch Beam Thanks to DLR IMF for Processing!
23 Average along Azimuth DLR.de Chart 23 > Calibration Concepts for Future Low Frequency SAR Systems > Jens Reimann > 09. June 2016 Permanent Pointing Monitoring Preliminary Results II Difference Image
24 DLR.de Chart 24 Challenges in Calibrating Low Frequency SAR Mission Investigation & Development of Suitable Antenna Cal-Targets in P- & L-Band First Calibration Approach for Tandem-L Antenna Pattern Simulations Novel Technique for Permanent Notch Beam Acquisitions First Assessment of Pointing Determination with Mitigated Scene Influence Dr.-Ing. Jens Reimann Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter Kalibrierung Telefon Telefax: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.v. (DLR) Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik und Radarsysteme Oberpfaffenhofen Münchener Straße Weßling Abteilung: Satelliten-SAR-Systeme
25 DLR.de Chart 25 Tandem-L: Staggered SAR Blind Range
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