TerraSAR-X Calibration Status 2 Years in Flight

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1 2 Years in Flight Dirk Schrank, Marco Schwerdt, Markus Bachmann, Björn Döring, Clemens Schulz November 2009 CEOS 09 VG 1

2 Calibration Tasks Performed 2009 Introduction Challenge Schedule Re-Calibration Geometric Calibration Antenna Pointing Determination Antenna Model Verification Radiometric Calibration Same procedure as during Commissioning Phase but extremely reduced DRA Campaigns Antenna Model Verification Channel Imbalance, Amplitude => Radiometric Calibration Channel Imbalance, Phase Cross Talk VG 2

3 Challenge to calibrate TerraSAR-X TerraSAR-X System Strip Map 27 look angles Spotlight ScanSAR 123 look angles each switched 100 times Single/Dual Polarisation 9 WS à 4 SS Large Number of Antenna Beams (> ) Multitude of Operation Modes Wide Range of Swath Positions Wide-Band Width Left/Right Looking SAR DRA Mode (Quad-Pol, ATI) Tight Performance < 1dB Innovative Calibration Methods Antenna Model PN Gating Calibration Phase Duration VG 3

4 TSX / TDX In-Orbit Calibration Plan Summer 2007 Summer 2009 Spring 2009 TSX Launch ( ) TSX Commissioning Phase GS / SC Checkout Ref Geo Cal Ant Point Ant Model Verification Operational Phase 5 Month DRA-Campaigns TSX Re-Calibration 1 Month 1 Month Antenna Model Cross Talk Cannel Imbalance Radiometric Calibration Radiometric Calibration Geo Cal TDX Launch (2010) TDX Commissioning Phase 3 Month Ant Point Ant Model Verification Radiometric Calibration VG 4

5 Geometric Calibration 6 Corner Reflectors across the swath 8 Beams 2m (Req.) asc orbit des orbit Propagation Effects? Pixel Localization Accuracy (Range) Residual Offset (In-Flight OGC) σ = 31 cm (1σ) (2 nsec) 3.75 cm (0.25 nsec) no trend for 2 years VG 5

6 Pointing Determination in Azimuth Ground Receiver Measurements 4 Beams Look angle in deg Updates Re-Adjustment between Star Trackers Improvements Measurement Accuracy 7.9 Hz 2.6 Hz (1σ) 1.0 mdeg 0.4 mdeg Mean Doppler < 16 Hz < 5.9 Hz < 2 mdeg < 1.0 mdeg VG 6

7 Antenna Pattern Monitoring 6 ScanSAR Beams measured during one Pass across an Area of 750 x 750 km² Purpose Detect changes in the antenna front end and wave guides strip_003 strip_004 strip_005 strip_ km azimuth Quality Parameters 120 km range max σ µ σ min * VG 7

8 TSX Antenna Pattern Long Term Monitoring (relative) Deviation Profile vs. Ref. Pat. [db_norm] Shape Deviation within the Main Beam Δ < ±0.2dB Beam-to-Beam Gain Prediction Acquisition Time [month/year] Requirement still fulfilled stable, no trend VG 8

9 Radiometric Calibration µ ± 0.2dB within Scene 6 Corner Reflectors across the swath 3 Beams (low, mid, high, Inc) Antenna Model ± 0.2dB Radiometric Stability Abs. Cal Factor db db µ ± 0.2dB within full performance range 0.15dB over 2 years TerraSAR-X is extremely stable CR: corner reflector Requirement 0.5 db (1σ) over 6 months! VG 9

10 Absolute Radiometric Accuracy Absolute Radiometric Accuracy 0.18 db (1σ) during Re-Cal in StripMap Operation VG 10

11 Final Re-Calibration Results of TerraSAR-X Geometric Calibration CP - Pixel Localisation Accuracy (Azimuth / Range) 0.54 m / 0.31 m Pointing - Azimuth / Elevation < 1 mdeg (5.9Hz) / < 4mdeg - Accuracy (Azimuth / Elevation) < 1 mdeg / < 2 mdeg Improved Antenna Model - Antenna Model (Shape / Gain-Offset) ± 0.2 db / ± 0.2 db Radiometric Accuracy - Relative Radiometric Accuracy 0.18 db* - Radiometric Stability (Req. 0.5dB over 6 months) 0.15 db over 2 years Improved - Absolute Radiometric Accuracy 0.39 db* (3 years left) * StripMap Mode VG 11

12 Calibration Tasks Performed Introduction Challenge Schedule Re-Calibration Geometric Calibration Antenna Pointing Determination Antenna Model Verification Radiometric Calibration Internal Calibration DRA Campaigns Antenna Model Verification Channel Imbalance, Amplitude => Radiometric Calibration Channel Imbalance, Phase Cross Talk VG 12

13 Channel Imbalance: Amplitude (45 -Constellation) max. Offset 0.44dB db Antenna Gain Correction, V-pol on Receive Channel Imbalance 0.26 db Abs. Radiometric Accuracy 0.30 db VG 13

14 Channel Imbalance: Phase Pattern Phase Pattern of StripFar_008 for all Pol-Channels Δ Phase = 14 deg Phase offset between Channels by Antenna [- 180 ; 180 ] VG 14

15 Channel Imbalance: Phase Pattern Compensation StripNear_008 StripNear_013 Transponder in 45 -constellation => Target for all Pol Channels Corner Reflectors for Co Channels Channel Phase Offset: Measured Model µ ± 1.37deg Co Residual Phase Error < ± 1.2 deg Cross < ± 2.2 deg Measurement Accuracy µ ± 2.13deg Co < 1.2 deg (1σ) Cross < 3.1 deg (1σ) Phase Imbalance only a few Degrees! VG 15

16 Cross Polar Isolation Transponder in 0 /90 -constellation => Target for 1 Cross Polar Channel only Corner Reflectors for Co-Polar Channels Cross Talk derived from Impulse Response (SAR image) Reference: Cross Polar Channel Reference: Co Polar Channel Cross Polar Isolation > 24.9 db VG 16

17 Final Calibration Results of TerraSAR-X in DRA Mode Antenna Model Gain / Phase Pattern Channel Imbalance Phase Co (HH-VV) / Cross (HH-VH/HV) Amplitude Co (HH-VV) / Cross (VH-HV) Cross Talk Co-Cross / Cross-Cross Radioemtric Accuracy Absolute Radiometric Accuracy ± 0.2 db / 3.1 deg (1σ) < ± 1.2 deg / < ± 2.2 deg < 0.03 db / < 0.26 db 24.9 db / 42 db 0.46 db (3 years left) DRA is nearly as accurate as the nominal Modes VG 17

18 Résumé TerraSAR-X has been not only a precise but also stable SAR System since launch and this not only for basic SAR products but also for experimental modes like the DRA mode VG 18

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