UAA2016 ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCH POWER CONTROLLER

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1 Order this document by UAA6/D The UAA6 is designed to drive triacs with the Zero Voltage technique which allows RFI free power regulation of resistive loads. Operating directly on the AC power line, its main application is the precision regulation of electrical heating systems such as panel heaters or irons. A built in digital sawtooth waveform permits proportional temperature regulation action over a ± C band around the set point. For energy savings there is a programmable temperature reduction function, and for security a sensor failsafe inhibits output pulses when the sensor connection is broken. Preset temperature (i.e. defrost) application is also possible. In applications where high hysteresis is needed, its value can be adjusted up to C around the set point. All these features are implemented with a very low external component count. Zero Voltage Switch for Triacs, up to. kw (MACA) Direct AC Line Operation Proportional Regulation of Temperature over a C Band Programmable Temperature Reduction Preset Temperature (i.e. Defrost) Sensor Failsafe Adjustable Hysteresis Low External Component Count ZERO VOLTAGE SWITCH POWER CONTROLLER SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 66 D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 7 (SO ) PIN CONNECTIONS Representative Block Diagram Vref Hys. Adj. 7 Sync VCC Sense Input Failsafe + Sampling Full Wave Logic UAA6 Pulse Amplifier 6 Output Sensor Temp. Reduc. (Top View) 6 Output VEE Temperature Reduction / Internal Reference 7 +VCC Hysteresis Adjust Voltage Reference Bit DAC Bit Counter Synchronization Sync Supply Voltage VEE Device UAA6D UAA6P ORDERING INFORMATION Operating Temperature Range TA = to + C Package SO Plastic DIP This document contains information on a product under development. Motorola reserves the right to change or discontinue this product without notice. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA Motorola, Inc. 996 Issue

2 UAA6 MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages referenced to Pin 7) Rating Symbol Value Unit Supply Current (IPin ) ICC ma Non Repetitive Supply Current (Pulse Width =. µs) ICCP ma AC Synchronization Current Isync. ma Pin Voltages VPin VPin VPin VPin 6 ; Vref ; Vref ; Vref ; VEE Vref Current Sink IPin. ma Output Current (Pin 6) (Pulse Width < µs) IO ma Power Dissipation PD 6 mw Thermal Resistance, Junction to Air RθJA C/W Operating Temperature Range TA to + C ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = C, VEE = 7. V, voltages referred to Pin 7, unless otherwise noted.) Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Supply Current (Pins 6, not connected) ICC ma (TA = to + C).9. Stabilized Supply Voltage (Pin ) (ICC =. ma) VEE 9.. V Reference Voltage (Pin ) Vref 6... V V Output Pulse Current (TA = to + C) (Rout = 6 W, VEE =. V) IO 9 ma Output Leakage Current (Vout = V) IOL µa Output Pulse Width (TA = to + C) (Note ) (Mains = Vrms, Rsync = kω) TP µs Comparator Offset (Note ) Voff + mv Sensor Input Bias Current IIB. µa Sawtooth Period (Note ) TS.96 sec Sawtooth Amplitude (Note 6) AS 7 9 mv Temperature Reduction Voltage (Note ) (Pin Connected to VCC) VTR mv Internal Hysteresis Voltage (Pin Not Connected) VIH mv Additional Hysteresis (Note ) (Pin Connected to VCC) VH mv Failsafe Threshold (TA = to + C) (Note 7) VFSth mv NOTES:. Output pulses are centered with respect to zero crossing point. Pulse width is adjusted by the value of R sync. Refer to application curves.. The actual sawtooth period depends on the AC power line frequency. It is exactly times the corresponding period. For the Hz case it is.96 sec. For the 6 Hz case it is. sec. This is to comply with the European standard, namely that. kw loads cannot be connected or removed from the line more than once every sec.. mv corresponds to C temperature reduction. This is tested at probe using internal test pad. Smaller temperature reduction can be obtained by adding an external resistor between Pin and V CC. Refer to application curves.. mv corresponds to a hysteresis of C. This is tested at probe using internal test pad. Smaller additional hysteresis can be obtained by adding an external resistor between Pin and V CC. Refer to application curves.. Parameter guaranteed but not tested. Worst case mv corresponds to. C shift on set point. 6. Measured at probe by internal test pad. 7 mv corresponds to C. Note that the proportional band is independent of the NTC value. 7. At very low temperature the NTC resistor increases quickly. This can cause the sensor input voltage to reach the failsafe threshold, thus inhibiting output pulses; refer to application schematics. The corresponding temperature is the limit at which the circuit works in the typical application. By setting this threshold at. V ref, the NTC value can increase up to times its nominal value, thus the application works below C. MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

3 UAA6 Figure. Application Schematic S S RS Rdef R R R Sense Input Failsafe + Sampling Full Wave Logic UAA6 Pulse Amplifier 6 Rout Output MACA NTC Temp. Red / Internal Reference 7 +VCC Vac CF Bit DAC HysAdj Bit Counter Synchronization Supply Voltage Load Vref Sync VEE Rsync RS APPLICATION INFORMATION (For simplicity, the LED in series with Rout is omitted in the following calculations.) Triac Choice and Rout Determination Depending on the power in the load, choose the triac that has the lowest peak gate trigger current. This will limit the output current of the UAA6 and thus its power consumption. Use Figure to determine Rout according to the triac maximum gate current (IGT) and the application low temperature limit. For a. kw load at Vrms, a good triac choice is the Motorola MACA. Its maximum peak gate trigger current at C is ma. For an application to work down to C, Rout should be 6 Ω. It is assumed that: IGT(T) = IGT( C) exp ( T/) with T in C, which applies to the MACA. Output Pulse Width, Rsync The pulse with TP is determined by the triac s IHold, ILatch together with the load value and working conditions (frequency and voltage): Given the RMS AC voltage and the load power, the load value is: RL = Vrms/POWER The load current is then: I (Vrms sin(ft) V ) R Load TM L where VTM is the maximum on state voltage of the triac, f is the line frequency. Set ILoad = ILatch for t = TP/ to calculate TP. Figures 6 and 7 give the value of TP which corresponds to the higher of the values of IHold and ILatch, assuming that VTM =.6 V. Figure gives the Rsync that produces the corresponding TP. RSupply and Filter Capacitor With the output current and the pulse width determined as above, use Figures 9 and to determine RSupply, assuming that the sinking current at Vref pin (including NTC bridge current) is less than. ma. Then use Figure and to determine the filter capacitor (CF) according to the ripple desired on supply voltage. The maximum ripple allowed is. V. Temperature Reduction Determined by R (Refer to Figures and.) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

4 UAA6 Figure. Comparison Between Proportional Control and ON/OFF Control Room Temperature T ( C) Proportional Band Overshoot Time (minutes, Typ.) Time (minutes, Typ.) Heating Power P(W) Proportional Temperature Control Reduced Overshoot Good Stability Time (minutes, Typ.) ON/OFF Temperature Control Large Overshoot Marginal Stability Time (minutes, Typ.) Figure. Zero Voltage Technique AC Line Waveform IHold TP TP is centered on the zero crossing. ILatch Gate Current Pulse T x R sync 7 (µs) P Vrms x f f = AC Line Frequency (Hz) Vrms = AC Line RMS Voltage (V) Rsync = Synchronization Resistor (Ω) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

5 Power Supply (Pin and Pin 7) The application uses a current source supplied by a single high voltage rectifier in series with a power dropping resistor. An integrated shunt regulator delivers a VEE voltage of.6 V with respect to Pin 7. The current used by the total regulating system can be shared in four functional blocks: IC supply, sensing bridge, triac gate firing pulses and zener current. The integrated zener, as in any shunt regulator, absorbs the excess supply current. The Hz pulsed supply current is smoothed by the large value capacitor connected between Pins and 7. Temperature Sensing (Pin ) The actual temperature is sensed by a negative temperature coefficient element connected in a resistor divider fashion. This two element network is connected between the ground terminal Pin and the reference voltage. V available on Pin. The resulting voltage, a function of the measured temperature, is applied to Pin and internally compared to a control voltage whose value depends on several elements: Sawtooth, Temperature Reduction and Hysteresis Adjust. (Refer to Application Information.) Temperature Reduction For energy saving, a remotely programmable temperature reduction is available on Pin. The choice of resistor R connected between Pin and VCC sets the temperature reduction level. Comparator When the positive input (Pin ) receives a voltage greater than the internal reference value, the comparator allows the triggering logic to deliver pulses to the triac gate. To improve the noise immunity, the comparator has an adjustable hysteresis. The external resistor R connected to Pin sets the hysteresis level. Setting Pin open makes a mv hysteresis level, corresponding to. C. Maximum hysteresis is obtained by connecting Pin to VCC. In that UAA6 CIRCUIT FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION case the level is set at C. This configuration can be useful for low temperature inertia systems. Sawtooth Generator In order to comply with European norms, the ON/OFF period on the load must exceed seconds. This is achieved by an internal digital sawtooth which performs the proportional regulation without any additional component. The sawtooth signal is added to the reference applied to the comparator negative input. Figure shows the regulation improvement using the proportional band action. Noise Immunity The noisy environment requires good immunity. Both the voltage reference and the comparator hysteresis minimize the noise effect on the comparator input. In addition the effective triac triggering is enabled every / sec. Failsafe Output pulses are inhibited by the failsafe circuit if the comparator input voltage exceeds the specified threshold voltage. This would occur if the temperature sensor circuit is open. Sampling Full Wave Logic Two consecutive zero crossing trigger pulses are generated at every positive mains half cycle. This ensures that the number of delivered pulses is even in every case. The pulse length is selectable by Rsync connected on Pin. The pulse is centered on the zero crossing mains waveform. Pulse Amplifier The pulse amplifier circuit sinks current pulses from Pin 6 to VEE. The minimum amplitude is 7 ma. The triac is then triggered in quadrants II and III. The effective output current amplitude is given by the external resistor Rout. Eventually, an LED can be inserted in series with the Triac gate (see Figure ). R out, OUTPUT RESISTOR ( Ω ) 6 6 Figure. Output Resistor versus Triac Gate Current TA = C TA = + C TA = C TA = C 6 IGT, TRIAC GATE CURRENT SPECIFIED AT C (ma) I Out(min), MINIMUM OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) 6 6 Figure. Minimum Output Current versus Output Resistor TA = C 6 Rout, OUTPUT RESISTOR (Ω) TA = + C MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

6 UAA6 T P, OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH ( µ s) 6 Figure 6. Output Pulse Width versus Maximum Triac Latch Current Vrms Vrms F = Hz. kw Loads VTM =.6 V TA = C ILatch(max), MAXIMUM TRIAC LATCH CURRENT (ma) 6 T P, OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH ( µ s) 6 Figure 7. Output Pulse Width versus Maximum Triac Latch Current Vrms Vrms F = Hz. kw Loads VTM =.6 V TA = C ILatch(max), MAXIMUM TRIAC LATCH CURRENT (ma) 6 R sync, SYNCHRONIZATION RESISTOR (k Ω ) Figure. Synchronization Resistor versus Output Pulse Width Vrms Vrms 6 TP, OUTPUT PULSE WIDTH (µs) F = Hz R Supply, MAXIMUM SUPPLY RESISTOR (k Ω ) 6 Figure 9. Maximum Supply Resistor versus Output Current 7 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) V = Vrms F = Hz TP = µs µs µs µs R Supply, MAXIMUM SUPPLY RESISTOR (k Ω ) Figure. Maximum Supply Resistor versus Output Current 7 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) V = Vrms F = Hz TP = µs µs µs µs C F(min), MINIMUM FILTER CAPACITOR ( µ F) Figure. Minimum Filter Capacitor versus Output Current 6 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) Ripple =. Vp p F = Hz µs µs µs TP = µs 6 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA

7 UAA6 C F(min), MINIMUM FILTER CAPACITOR ( µ F) 6 Figure. Minimum Filter Capacitor versus Output Current 6 IO, OUTPUT CURRENT (ma) Ripple =. Vp p F = Hz TP = µs µs µs µs C) T R, TEMPERATURE REDUCTION ( Figure. Temperature Reduction versus R Setpoint = C kω NTC kω NTC R, TEMPERATURE REDUCTION RESISTOR (kω) C) T R, TEMPERATURE REDUCTION ( Figure. Temperature Reduction versus Temperature Setpoint kω NTC kω NTC 6 TS, TEMPERATURE SETPOINT ( C) R = R DEF /(NOMINAL NTC VALUE) RATIO Figure. RDEF versus Preset Temperature kω NTC kω NTC TDEF, PRESET TEMPERATURE ( C) R S + R /(NOMINAL NTC VALUE) RATIO ( 6 Figure 6. RS + R versus Preset Setpoint kω NTC RDEF = kω 6 TS, TEMPERATURE SETPOINT ( C) TDEF = C kω NTC RDEF = 9 kω V H, COMPARATOR HYSTERESIS VOLTAGE (V)..... Figure 7. Comparator Hysteresis versus R R, HYSTERESIS ADJUST RESISTOR (kω) MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA 7

8 UAA6 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS NOTE T SEATING PLANE H F A G D N B C K. (.) M T A M B M P SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 66 ISSUE K L J M NOTES:. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEAD WHEN FORMED PARALLEL.. PACKAGE CONTOUR OPTIONAL (ROUND OR SQUARE CORNERS).. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y.M, 9. MILLIMETERS INCHES DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A B C D.... F G. BSC. BSC H J.... K.9... L 7.6 BSC. BSC M N T G X D A B K X P C SEATING PLANE. (.) M T B S A S. (.) M B M M D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 7 ISSUE N (SO ) R X J F NOTES:. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y.M, 9.. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION.. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION. (.6) PER SIDE.. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR PROTRUSION SHALL BE.7 (.) TOTAL IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. MILLIMETERS INCHES DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A B....7 C D F G.7 BSC. BSC J K....9 M 7 7 P R....9 Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. Typical parameters which may be provided in Motorola data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including Typicals must be validated for each customer application by customer s technical experts. Motorola does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Motorola products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Motorola and are registered trademarks of Motorola, Inc. Motorola, Inc. is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. How to reach us: USA / EUROPE / Locations Not Listed: Motorola Literature Distribution; JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.; Tatsumi SPD JLDC, 6F Seibu Butsuryu Center, P.O. Box 9; Phoenix, Arizona 6. 7 or 6 Tatsumi Koto Ku, Tokyo, Japan. MFAX: RMFAX@ .sps.mot.com TOUCHTONE ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; B Tai Ping Industrial Park, INTERNET: NET.com Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE UAA6/D DATA

MC33064DM 5 UNDERVOLTAGE SENSING CIRCUIT

MC33064DM 5 UNDERVOLTAGE SENSING CIRCUIT Order this document by MC3464/D The MC3464 is an undervoltage sensing circuit specifically designed for use as a reset controller in microprocessor-based systems. It offers the designer an economical solution