Visualization of sources of scattered radiation from x-ray equipment used for interventional radiology
|
|
- Baldwin Blake
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Visualization of sources of scattered radiation from x-ray equipment used for interventional radiology Poster No.: C-1190 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: K. Chida, T. Takahashi, D. Ito, M. Sakao, K. Satoh, Y. Miura, M. Zuguchi; Sendai/JP Keywords: Occupational / Environmental hazards, Radiation safety, Dosimetry, Angioplasty, Fluoroscopy, Digital radiography, Catheter arteriography, Radioprotection, Physics in radiology, Interventional vascular DOI: /ecr2011/C-1190 Any information contained in this pdf file is automatically generated from digital material submitted to EPOS by third parties in the form of scientific presentations. References to any names, marks, products, or services of third parties or hypertext links to thirdparty sites or information are provided solely as a convenience to you and do not in any way constitute or imply ECR's endorsement, sponsorship or recommendation of the third party, information, product or service. ECR is not responsible for the content of these pages and does not make any representations regarding the content or accuracy of material in this file. As per copyright regulations, any unauthorised use of the material or parts thereof as well as commercial reproduction or multiple distribution by any traditional or electronically based reproduction/publication method ist strictly prohibited. You agree to defend, indemnify, and hold ECR harmless from and against any and all claims, damages, costs, and expenses, including attorneys' fees, arising from or related to your use of these pages. Please note: Links to movies, ppt slideshows and any other multimedia files are not available in the pdf version of presentations. Page 1 of 26
2 Purpose To clarify and visualize the sources of physician-received scattered radiation in interventional radiology (IR). To present the amount of sphysician-received cattered radiation from IR Xray equipment. To present the importance of radiation protection for the physician in IR. BACKGROUND: IR physicians are at a higher radiation risk compared to other medical professionals. Radiation protection for IR physicians is therefore an important issue [1-8]. In addition, radiation doses to the eyes frequently approach levels that put these physicians at a risk of developing cataracts (a deterministic effect) [9-11]. Therefore, we identified sources of scattered radiation from IR equipment using a pinhole camera. Fig. References: K. Chida; Radiological Technology, Tohoku University School of Health Sciences, Sendai, JAPAN Images for this section: Page 2 of 26
3 Fig. 1 Page 3 of 26
4 Methods and Materials Fig.: Pin-hole camera (handmade; the pin-hole is at the center of a surface camera; the diameter was approximately 0.3 mm). A 2-mm-thick lead (Pb) shield was outside the camera, except at the pin-hole. The camera height (the pin-hole to image receptor distance) was approximately 13 cm and the camera could hold a mm (8 10inch) image receptor. Two types of image receptors were used at the same time: an imaging plate (IP, containing photostimulable phosphors) and a single-emulsion film (film). Thus, these two image receptors were combined with pin-hole camera methods as the film/ip stack. References: K. Chida; Radiological Technology, Tohoku University School of Health Sciences, Sendai, JAPAN Visualization and quantification of physician-received scattered radiation in IR Xray equipment using a pin-hole camera method. (Fig.1 on page 6) Sources of scattered radiation from IR X-ray equipment were visualized using a pinhole camera (Fig.1 on page 6, handmade; the pin-hole is at the center of a surface Page 4 of 26
5 camera; the diameter was approximately 0.3 mm) with image receptors (imaging plate, IP, and single-emulsion film, film).(fig.2 on page 7) Handmade pin-hole camera for visualizing and quantifying the physician-received scattered radiation. (Fig.2 on page 7) These two image receptors (IP and film) were combined with pin-hole camera methods. (The film sits on the IP.) Image receptors were placed in the pin-hole camera in a darkroom. The film was used to detect visual images of X-ray equipment (photographic image), and the IP was used to detect physician-received scattered radiation (a radiographic image). The film was not suitable for detecting physician-received scattered radiation because the intensity of the scattered radiation was lower. The IP detected physician-received scattered radiation with much higher sensitivity. Additionally, the IP was not influenced by visible rays because the IP was behind the film, so that visible rays were shielded by the film on the IP. Geometry of the pin-hole camera and X-ray equipment.(fig.3 on page 8) The pin-hole camera was placed at a distance of 90 cm horizontally from a 20-cm-thick acrylic phantom center (i.e., the central radiation beam on the patient support table) at a height of 100 cm above the floor. X-ray exposure factors were as follows: 17 cm mode Image intensifier (I.I.), the source-to-i.i. distance was 100 cm, and posteroanterior (PA) view. The IPs were scanned with a computed radiology (CR) system using the high-sensitivity mode and the linear-scale mode in the IP readout parameters. Visual image of physician-received scattered radiation using the pin-hole camera method. Under-table X-ray tube system (Fig.4 on page 8) Page 5 of 26
6 (A) Photographic image (Fig.5 on page 9) We took pictures of X-ray equipment using the film. Exposure time with room light was approximately 1 min. (B) Radiographic image (Fig.6 on page 10) We assessed scattered radiation images using the IP and CR system in high-sensitivity readout mode. X-ray irradiation factors were as follows: digital cineangiography (15 f/s), tube voltage: 70 kv, duration time: 20 s. Combined (added) image (A+B) (Fig.7 on page 11) We added the photographic image obtained with the film and the radiographic image obtained with the IP to acquire a combined image of X-ray equipment and scattered radiation. Furthermore, black in the radiographic image was changed to red in the combined image, facilitating visualization. Thus, we could examine and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom (incident surface), including the patient support table, and the exit port (surface cover) of the X-ray beam-collimating device. Images for this section: Page 6 of 26
7 Fig. 1: Pin-hole camera (handmade; the pin-hole is at the center of a surface camera; the diameter was approximately 0.3 mm). A 2-mm-thick lead (Pb) shield was outside the camera, except at the pin-hole. The camera height (the pin-hole to image receptor distance) was approximately 13 cm and the camera could hold a mm (8 10inch) image receptor. Two types of image receptors were used at the same time: an imaging plate (IP, containing photostimulable phosphors) and a single-emulsion film (film). Thus, these two image receptors were combined with pin-hole camera methods as the film/ip stack. Page 7 of 26
8 Fig. 2: Pin-hole camera (Sectional diagram). A 2-mm-thick lead (Pb) shield was outside the camera, except at the pin-hole. The camera height (the pin-hole to image receptor distance) was approximately 13 cm and the camera could hold a mm (8 10inch) image receptor. Two types of image receptors were used at the same time: an imaging plate (IP, containing photostimulable phosphors) and a single-emulsion film (film). Thus, these two image receptors were combined with pin-hole camera methods as the film/ip stack. Fig. 3: Geometry of the pin-hole camera and X-ray equipment Page 8 of 26
9 Fig. 4: Under-table X-ray tube system Page 9 of 26
10 Fig. 5: (A) Photographic image. We took pictures of X-ray equipment using the film. Exposure time with room light was approximately 1 min. Page 10 of 26
11 Fig. 6: (B) Radiographic image. We assessed scattered radiation images using the IP and CR system in high-sensitivity readout mode. X-ray irradiation factors were as follows: digital cineangiography (15 f/s), tube voltage: 70 kv, duration time: 20 s. Page 11 of 26
12 Fig. 7: Combined (added) image (A+B) (Fig.5+Fig.6). We added the photographic image obtained with the film and the radiographic image obtained with the IP to acquire a combined image of x-ray equipment and scattered radiation. Furthermore, black in the radiographic image was changed to red in the combined image, facilitating visualization. Thus, we could examine and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom (incident surface), including the patient support table, and the exit port (surface cover) of the X-ray beam-collimating device. Page 12 of 26
13 Results Fig.: Visual image (combined image) of physician-received scattered radiation. (Black in the radiographic image was changed to red in the combined image, facilitating visualization.) Under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a 20-cm-thick acrylic phantom. We could examine and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom (incident surface), including the patient support table, and the exit port (surface cover) of the X-ray beam-collimating device, but not the X-ray tube housing. The X-ray tube housing incorporates lead shielding that absorbs all X-rays except those emanating from the exit port. Thus, the lower part of a physician's body will receive high levels of scattered radiation when an under-table X-ray tube system is used. References: K. Chida; Radiological Technology, Tohoku University School of Health Sciences, Sendai, JAPAN Page 13 of 26
14 Visual image of physician-received scattered radiation (combined image, Fig.1 on page 16) (Under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a 20-cm-thick acrylic phantom.) Black in the radiographic image was changed to red in the combined image, facilitating visualization. We could examine and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom (incident surface), including the patient support table, and the exit port (surface cover) of the X-ray beam-collimating device, but not the X-ray tube housing. The X-ray tube housing incorporates lead shielding that absorbs all X-rays except those emanating from the exit port. Thus, the lower part of a physician's body will receive high levels of scattered radiation when an under-table X-ray tube system is used. Patient (phantom, including the patient support table): Scatter radiation from the incident surface of the phantom is higher than that from other parts of the phantom because the surface of the phantom receives a higher dose, as the incident beam has not been attenuated. Cover of the X-ray beam-collimating device: Generally, the cover of the beam-collimating device is made of thin acrylic, and the percentage of attenuation in the cover is therefore very small. However, the distance between the cover of the beam-collimating device and the X-ray source is also very small; hence, the intensity of radiation exposure is high at the cover. Therefore, the amount of scattered radiation in the cover is high although the percentage attenuation at the cover is very small. Therefore, scatter from the exit port (surface cover) of the collimating device was significant. Over-table X-ray tube system (Fig.2 on page 17) Figure 3 on page 18 shows the scattered radiation (combined image) in an overtable X-ray tube system and the anteroposterior (AP) view using a phantom and pin-hole camera. Page 14 of 26
15 We could also visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom (incident surface) and exit port of the X-ray beam-collimating device (surface cover) in an over-table X-ray tube system (Fig.3 on page 18). Thus, with an over-table X-ray tube system, the upper part of the physician's body (e.g., the eyes) receives high doses of scattered radiation. In a lateral view, the physician dose when standing at the side of the X-ray tube was higher than that when standing at the side of the image receptor (i.e., I.I.). Stereoscopic image of scattered radiation (Under-table X-ray tube system, Fig.4 on page 20) Figure 5 on page 20 shows a stereo image of scattered radiation (combined image) in an under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a phantom and pin-hole camera. We obtained exposure with the pin-hole camera at two positions, separated by a few centimeters. With the three-dimensional effect (Fig.5 on page 20), we could identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom and exit port of the X-ray beamcollimating device (surface cover). Scattered radiation images in various angles and views We visualized the scattered radiation from IR X-ray equipment using a pin-hole camera and human phantom for various tube angles and views. Figures 6-10 show scattered radiation images (combined images) in the left anterior oblique (LAO) 45 view + caudocranial (Cranial) 20 on page 21, LAO50 view on page 22, LAO45 view + craniocaudal (Caudal) 30 on page 22, Cranial 30 view on page 22, and right anterior oblique (RAO) 30 view on page 23, respectively. We could visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the human phantom (incident surface) and exit port of the X-ray beam-collimating device (surface cover) at various angles and views. These findings provide useful information on radiation protection for IR physicians, especially in percutaneous coronary intervention. Page 15 of 26
16 Fig.6. Scattered radiation image for LAO 45 + Cranial 20 on page 21 Fig.7. Scattered radiation image for LAO 50 on page 22 Fig.8. Scattered radiation image for LAO 45 + Caudal 30 on page 22 Fig.9. Scattered radiation image for Cranial 20 on page 22 Fig.10. Scattered radiation image for RAO 30 on page 23 Quantification of the scattered radiation using the pin-hole camera method We evaluated the amount of scattered radiation from IR X-ray equipment using a pin#hole camera. Figure 11 on page 23 shows scattered radiation image using the IP and CR system. (Under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a 20-cm-thick acrylic phantom.) Physician-received scattered radiation levels from the patient (represented by a phantom, including the table) and the surface cover (exit port) of the X-ray beam-collimating device were measured using pixel values of IPs from the image-analysis software provided with the CR system. The total pixel values of each part (phantom including the table and the beam-collimating device surface cover) in the circles were compared (Fig. 11 on page 23). As a result, the proportion of scattered radiation from the patient and exit port of the collimating device was approximately 50:50 in this case. Thus, the scatter from the exit port of the collimating device was not negligible. The proportion will depend on factors including the measurement location (position and height), X-ray tube angled-view, and X-ray output. Images for this section: Page 16 of 26
17 Fig. 1: Visual image (combined image) of physician-received scattered radiation. (Black in the radiographic image was changed to red in the combined image, facilitating visualization.) Under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a 20-cm-thick acrylic phantom. We could examine and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom (incident surface), including the patient support table, and the exit port (surface cover) of the X-ray beam-collimating device, but not the X-ray tube housing. The X-ray tube housing incorporates lead shielding that absorbs all X-rays except those emanating from the exit port. Thus, the lower part of a physician's body will receive high levels of scattered radiation when an under-table X-ray tube system is used. Page 17 of 26
18 Fig. 2: Over-table X-ray tube system and the AP view using a phantom. Page 18 of 26
19 Fig. 3: Visual image (combined image) of physician-received scattered radiation for overtable X-ray tube system and the AP view using a phantom. (The black in the radiographic image was changed to red, facilitating visualization.) We could also visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom (incident surface) and exit port of the X-ray beam-collimating device (surface cover) in an over-table X-ray Page 19 of 26
20 tube system. Thus, with an over-table X-ray tube system, the upper part of the physician's body (e.g., the eyes) receives high doses of scattered radiation. Fig. 4: Under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a phantom. Page 20 of 26
21 Fig. 5: Stereoscopic image of scattered radiation. Visual image (combined image) of physician-received scattered radiation for under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a phantom. (The black in the radiographic image was changed to red, facilitating visualization.) We obtained exposure with the pin-hole camera at two positions, separated by a few centimeters. With the three-dimensional effect, we could identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom and exit port of the X-ray beamcollimating device (surface cover). Page 21 of 26
22 Fig. 6: Scattered radiation image for LAO 45 + Cranial 20. (The black in the radiographic image was changed to red, facilitating visualization.) We could visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom and exit port of the X-ray beam-collimating device (surface cover) in LAO45 + Cranial 20. Fig. 7: Scattered radiation image for LAO 50. (The black in the radiographic image was changed to red, facilitating visualization.) We could visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom and exit port of the X-ray beamcollimating device (surface cover). Fig. 8: Scattered radiation image for LAO 45 + Caudal 30 (The black in the radiographic image was changed to red, facilitating visualization.) We could visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom and exit port of the X-ray beam-collimating device (surface cover). Page 22 of 26
23 Fig. 9: Scattered radiation image for Cranial 30. (The black in the radiographic image was changed to red, facilitating visualization.) We could visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom and exit port of the X-ray beam-collimating device (surface cover). Fig. 10: Scattered radiation image for RAO 30. (The black in the radiographic image was changed to red, facilitating visualization.) We could visualize and identify the sources of physician-received scattered radiation from the phantom and exit port of the X-ray beamcollimating device (surface cover). Page 23 of 26
24 Fig. 11: Scattered radiation images using the IP and CR system. Under-table X-ray tube system and the PA view using a phantom. The total pixel values in the circles for each part (phantom including the table and the beam-collimating device surface cover) were compared. The proportion of scattered radiation (total pixel value) from the patient and exit port of the collimating device was approximately 50:50, although this will depend on the measurement conditions. Page 24 of 26
25 Conclusion We could examine and identify sources of physician-received scattered radiation in an IR X-ray system using a pin-hole camera method. Physicians are mainly exposed to two sources of scattered radiation: radiation reflected from the patient, including the patient support table, and radiation from the cover (exit port) of the X-ray beam-collimating device. The proportion of scattered radiation from the patient and the exit port of the collimating device was approximate 50%:50%. Thus, scatter from the exit port of the collimating device was not negligible. Physicians who stand close to the patient and the X-ray beam-collimating device, where scattered radiation is higher, show higher radiation doses. THerefore, radiation protection for the physician during IR procedures is an important problem. References 1. International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP publication 85: avoidance of radiation injuries from medical interventional procedures. Ann ICRP 2001; 30/2:Publication Balter S, et al. Fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures: a review of radiation effects on patients' skin and hair. Radiology ;254: Miller DL, et al. Clinical radiation management for fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. Radiology ;257: Vano E, et al. Lens injuries induced by occupational exposure in nonoptimized interventional radiology laboratories. Br J Radiol 1998; 71, Williams JR. The interdependence of staff and patient doses in interventional radiology. Br J Radiol 1997; 70: Zuguchi M, et al. Usefulness of non-lead aprons in radiation protection for physicians performing interventional procedures. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008;131: Chida K, et al. Effect of radiation monitoring method and formula differences on estimated physician dose during percutaneous coronary intervention. Acta Radiol 2009;50: Chida K, et al. Radiation dose and radiation protection for patients and physicians during interventional procedure. J Radiat Res. 2010;51: Vano E, et al. Eye lens exposure to radiation in interventional suites: caution is warranted. Radiology 2008;248(3): Ainsbury EA, et al. Radiation cataractogenesis: a review of recent studies. Radiat Res. 2009;172: Vano E, et al. Radiation cataract risk in interventional cardiology personnel. Radiat Res. 2010;174: Page 25 of 26
26 Personal Information Correspondence: Koichi Chida, Ph.D, Department of Radiological Technology, Tohoku University School of Health Sciences, Seiryo 2-1, Aoba, Sendai , Japan. Page 26 of 26
A study of exposure index value fluctuations in computed radiography and direct digital radiography using multiple manufacturers
A study of exposure index value fluctuations in computed radiography and direct digital radiography using multiple manufacturers Poster No.: C-3011 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Topic: Authors: Scientific Exhibit
More informationEvaluation of no-grid radiography using the digital scattered x-ray removal processing
Evaluation of no-grid radiography using the digital scattered x-ray removal processing Poster No.: C-0416 Congress: ECR 2016 Type: Authors: Scientific Exhibit R. Suzuki 1, T. Goto 1, H. Ogawa 2, N. Amimoto
More informationStudies on reduction of exposure dose using digital scattered X-ray removal processing
Studies on reduction of exposure dose using digital scattered X-ray removal processing Poster No.: C-1834 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: K. Kashiyama, M. Funahashi, T. Nakaoka, T.
More informationStudies on reduction of exposure dose using digital scattered X-ray removal processing
Studies on reduction of exposure dose using digital scattered X-ray removal processing Poster No.: C-1834 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: K. Kashiyama, M. Funahashi, T. Nakaoka, T.
More informationDose reduction using Cu-filter for full-spine radiografic examination of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Dose reduction using Cu-filter for full-spine radiografic examination of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Poster No.: C-0585 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: K. Minehiro,
More informationThe impact of increasing SID on patient dose in pa abdomen imaging
The impact of increasing SID on patient dose in pa abdomen imaging Poster No.: C-1074 Congress: ECR 2016 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Scientific Exhibit T. Starc 1, N. Mekis 2 ; 1 Brezovica/SI, 2 Ljubljana/SI
More informationImprovement of CT image quality with iterative reconstruction idose4
Improvement of CT image quality with iterative reconstruction idose4 Poster No.: C-0387 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: M.-L. Olsson, K. Norrgren, M. Söderberg; Malmö/SE Keywords:
More informationInvestigation of Effective DQE (edqe) parameters for a flat panel detector
Investigation of Effective DQE (edqe) parameters for a flat panel detector Poster No.: C-1892 Congress: ECR 2013 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Scientific Exhibit D. Bor 1, S. Cubukcu 1, A. Yalcin 1, O.
More informationComputer applications, PACS, Instrumentation, Equipment, Technology assessment /ecr2012/C-0655
The novel medical diagnostic color monitor automatically distinguishing monochrome/color images and displaying these with their own optimal tone curves Poster No.: C-0655 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Authors:
More informationLumbar disc height assessment: a comparative study between EOS and digital radiography
Lumbar disc height assessment: a comparative study between EOS and digital radiography Poster No.: C-1178 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Scientific Paper Authors: V. Freire, M. Benhamou, F. Rannou, S. Poiraudeau,
More informationFundamental and Clinical Studies for Effectiveness of Zero-filling Interpolation on k-space for Improvement of Sharpness in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fundamental and Clinical Studies for Effectiveness of Zero-filling Interpolation on k-space for Improvement of Sharpness in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Poster No.: C-0709 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Scientific
More informationAnalysis of spatial dependence of acoustic noise transfer function in magnetic resonance imaging
Analysis of spatial dependence of acoustic noise transfer function in magnetic resonance imaging Award: Magna Cum Laude Poster No.: C-1988 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: T. Hamaguchi,
More informationA comparison between medical-grade liquid crystal display (LCD) and ipad color imaging
A comparison between medical-grade liquid crystal display (LCD) and ipad color imaging Poster No.: C-1377 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: K. Yoshimura 1, K. Shibata 2, T. Nihashi 1,
More informationMulti-slice computed tomography analysis of bullet trajectory in forensic investigation.
Multi-slice computed tomography analysis of bullet trajectory in forensic investigation. Poster No.: C-0510 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: A. Usui, Y. Kawasumi, Y. Hosokai, A. Nakajima,
More informationInfluence of different iteration levels in fourth generation iterative reconstruction technique on image noise in CT examinations of the neck
Influence of different iteration levels in fourth generation iterative reconstruction technique on image noise in CT examinations of the neck Poster No.: C-2205 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Scientific Paper
More informationClear delineation of optic radiation and very small vessels using phase difference enhanced imaging (PADRE)
Clear delineation of optic radiation and very small vessels using phase difference enhanced imaging (PADRE) Poster No.: C-2459 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Scientific Exhibit Topic: Neuro Authors: T. Yoneda,
More informationNovel cassette-sized, flat-panel digital radiography (DR) system: Initial clinical and workflow results versus computed radiography (CR)
Novel cassette-sized, flat-panel digital radiography (DR) system: Initial clinical and workflow results versus computed radiography (CR) Poster No.: C-3027 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Scientific Exhibit Topic:
More informationDetermining acceptance levels for automatic daily image quality control in magnetic resonance imaging
Determining acceptance levels for automatic daily image quality control in magnetic resonance imaging Poster No.: C-1125 Congress: ECR 2016 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Scientific Exhibit J. I. Peltonen,
More informationCorrection of the local intensity nonuniformity artifact in high field MRI
Correction of the local intensity nonuniformity artifact in high field MRI Poster No.: C-0346 Congress: ECR 2012 Type: Authors: Keywords: DOI: Scientific Paper S. Kai, S. Kumazawa, H. Yabuuchi, F. Toyofuku;
More informationDevelopment of new dosimeter for measuring dose distribution in CT
Development of new dosimeter for measuring dose distribution in CT Poster No.: C-2925 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Scientific Exhibit Topic: Physics in Radiology - Without Subtopic Authors: Y. Muramatsu, K.
More informationComparison of high-resolution C-arm cone-beam CT imaging and conventional 3D rotational angiography for the better microvascular visualization
Comparison of high-resolution C-arm cone-beam CT imaging and conventional 3D rotational angiography for the better microvascular visualization Poster No.: C-1040 Congress: ECR 2016 Type: Scientific Exhibit
More informationAim. Images for this section: Page 2 of 13
Changes in CT number of high atomic number materials with field of view when using an extended CT number to electron density curve and a metal artifact reduction reconstruction algorithm Poster No.: R-0094
More informationDifference in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) from vertical to horizontal scanner position using a 0,25 Tesla Weightbearing
Difference in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) from vertical to horizontal scanner position using a 0,25 Tesla Weightbearing scanner Poster No.: C-0672 Congress: ECR 2014 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: F.
More informationWorldwide practice of breast MRI: insights from the MIPA study applications - the MIPA study group
Worldwide practice of breast MRI: insights from the MIPA study applications - the MIPA study group Poster No.: B-0757 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Scientific Paper Authors: G. Di Leo, R. M. Trimboli, I. Ioan,
More informationSuppression of metal artifacts using image-based monoenergetic DECT imaging
Suppression of metal artifacts using image-based monoenergetic DECT imaging Poster No.: C-0519 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Scientific Paper Authors: B. Krauss, B. Schmidt, M. Sedlmair, T. Flohr; Forchheim/DE
More informationPractical guidelines for color calibration and quality assurance of medical displays
Practical guidelines for color calibration and quality assurance of medical displays Poster No.: C-1140 Congress: ECR 2017 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: T. Kimpe, J. Rostang, G. Van Hoey, A. Xthona
More informationImproved Imaging Plate Dosimetry for X-rays in Interventional Radiology
Improved Imaging Plate Dosimetry for X-rays in Interventional Radiology H. Ohuchi 1, A. Yamadera 2, T.Satoh 3, Y,Eguchi 3 1 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki,Aoba-ku,
More informationPROJECT TIPIRX (integration of teleradiology using Lowcost digitalization of X-ray films): a Brazilian solution
PROJECT TIPIRX (integration of teleradiology using Lowcost digitalization of X-ray films): a Brazilian solution Poster No.: C-1280 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: A. Monteiro, A.
More informationPROJECT TIPIRX (integration of teleradiology using Lowcost digitalization of X-ray films): a Brazilian solution
PROJECT TIPIRX (integration of teleradiology using Lowcost digitalization of X-ray films): a Brazilian solution Poster No.: C-1280 Congress: ECR 2011 Type: Educational Exhibit Authors: A. Monteiro, A.
More informationX-RAYS - NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY
Licencing of premises Premises Refer Guidelines A radiation warning sign and warning notice, X-RAYS - NO UNAUTHORISED ENTRY must be displayed at all entrances leading to the rooms where x-ray units are
More informationTeaching Digital Radiography and Fluoroscopic Radiation Protection
Teaching Digital Radiography and Fluoroscopic Radiation Protection WCEC 20 th Student Educator Radiographer Conference Dennis Bowman, RT(R), CRT (R)(F) Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula (CHOMP)
More informationOptimal speed for dual-energy subtraction neck imaging with flat-panel detector radiography
Optimal speed for dual-energy subtraction neck imaging with flat-panel detector radiography Poster No.: C-2938 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Scientific Exhibit Topic: Physics in Radiology Authors: H. Machida
More informationDose Reduction and Image Preservation After the Introduction of a 0.1 mm Cu Filter into the LODOX Statscan unit above 110 kvp
Dose Reduction and Image Preservation After the Introduction of a into the LODOX Statscan unit above 110 kvp Abstract: CJ Trauernicht 1, C Rall 1, T Perks 2, G Maree 1, E Hering 1, S Steiner 3 1) Division
More informationRADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE
RADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE Receptor Exposure Receptor Exposure the that interacts with the receptor. Computed Radiography ( ) requires a. Direct Digital Radiography (DR) requires a. Exposure Indicators Exposure
More informationAIR KERMA RATES MEASUREMENT IN AN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY SUITE
AIR KRMA RATS MASURMNT IN AN INTRVNTIONAL ARIOLOGY SUIT anevaro, L.V. 1 ; Gamarra Sanchez, M..; Pereira, L.S.; Maurício,.L.P. Instituto de Radioproteção e osimetria. omissão Nacional de nergia Nuclear.
More informationFOUR CATEGORIES OF SAFETY
OCTOBER 2013 FOUR CATEGORIES OF SAFETY DOSIMETRY PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT KNOWLEDGE PHYSICAL SAFETY DOSIMETRY THERMAL LUMINISCENT DEVICES AND FILM BADGES CNSC PERMISSIBLE DOSES WHOLE BODY DOSE
More informationI. PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY PRODUCTION COMPONENTS FLUOROSCOPIC ACCEPTANCE TESTING: TEST PROCEDURES & PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
FLUOROSCOPIC ACCEPTANCE TESTING: TEST PROCEDURES & PERFORMANCE CRITERIA EDWARD L. NICKOLOFF DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY NEW YORK, NY ACCEPTANCE TESTING GOALS PRIOR TO 1st CLINICAL USAGE
More informationVisibility of Detail
Visibility of Detail Radiographic Quality Quality radiographic images represents the, and information is for diagnosis. The of the anatomic structures and the accuracy of their ( ) determine the overall
More informationAppropriate Inspection Distance of Digital X-Ray Imaging Equipment for Diagnosis
Indian Journal of Science and Technology Vol 8(S8), 380-386, April 2015 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8iS8/70528 Appropriate Inspection Distance of Digital
More informationEnhanced Functionality of High-Speed Image Processing Engine SUREengine PRO. Sharpness (spatial resolution) Graininess (noise intensity)
Vascular Enhanced Functionality of High-Speed Image Processing Engine SUREengine PRO Medical Systems Division, Shimadzu Corporation Yoshiaki Miura 1. Introduction In recent years, digital cardiovascular
More informationThe role of CT in restoration of a very rare Christ wooden statue: a fundamental contribution.
The role of CT in restoration of a very rare Christ wooden statue: a fundamental contribution. Poster No.: C-1514 Congress: ECR 2015 Type: Scientific Exhibit Authors: M. Disaro', P. Sartori; Venice/IT
More informationWhile digital techniques have the potential to reduce patient doses, they also have the potential to significantly increase them.
In press 2004 1 2 Guest Editorial (F. Mettler, H. Ringertz and E. Vano) Guest Editorial (F. Mettler, H. Ringertz and E. Vano) Digital radiology An appropriate analogy that is easy for most people to understand
More informationSarah Hughes, MS, DABR Radiation Safety Officer
Sarah Hughes, MS, DABR Radiation Safety Officer 502-852-6146 sarah.hughes@louisville.edu Mo my back is burnin!!! I got it MAG the cine! Sumthin s not right. Where s his heart? Fluoroscopy http://dccwww.bumc.bu.edu/fluoroscopy/def
More informationJoint ICTP/IAEA Advanced School on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology and its Clinical Implementation May 2009
2033-6 Joint ICTP/IAEA Advanced School on Dosimetry in Diagnostic Radiology and its Clinical Implementation 11-15 May 2009 Dosimetry for Fluoroscopy Basics Renato Padovani EFOMP Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced
More informationAmorphous Selenium Direct Radiography for Industrial Imaging
DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD Paper 22 Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applications and Image Processing in Radiology March 15-17, 1999, Berlin, Germany Amorphous Selenium Direct Radiography for Industrial
More informationVeterinary Science Preparatory Training for the Veterinary Assistant. Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS
Veterinary Science Preparatory Training for the Veterinary Assistant Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Radiology Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Objectives Determine the appropriate machine settings for making
More informationCHAPTER 6 QC Test For Fluoroscopic Equipment. Prepared by:- Kamarul Amin bin Abu Bakar School of Medical Imaging KLMUC
CHAPTER 6 QC Test For Fluoroscopic Equipment Prepared by:- Kamarul Amin bin Abdullah @ Abu Bakar School of Medical Imaging KLMUC Lesson Outcomes Describe the objectives of each QC test done. Identify QC
More informationIntroduction. Chapter 16 Diagnostic Radiology. Primary radiological image. Primary radiological image
Introduction Chapter 16 Diagnostic Radiology Radiation Dosimetry I Text: H.E Johns and J.R. Cunningham, The physics of radiology, 4 th ed. http://www.utoledo.edu/med/depts/radther In diagnostic radiology
More informationNuclear Associates
Nuclear Associates 07-649 CDRH Fluoroscopic Phantom Users Manual March 2005 Manual No. 07-649-1 Rev. 2 2004, 2005 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. All product names are trademarks
More informationCR Basics and FAQ. Overview. Historical Perspective
Page: 1 of 6 CR Basics and FAQ Overview Computed Radiography is a term used to describe a system that electronically records a radiographic image. Computed Radiographic systems use unique image receptors
More information1-1. GENERAL 1-2. DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS
1-1. GENERAL Radiography is a highly technical field, indispensable to the modern dental practice, but presenting many potential hazards. The dental radiographic specialist must be thoroughly familiar
More informationBASICS OF FLUOROSCOPY
Medical Physics Residents Training Program BASICS OF FLUOROSCOPY Dr. Khalid Alyousef, PhD Department of Medical Imaging King Abdulaziz Medical City- Riyadh Edison examining the hand of Clarence Dally with
More information10/3/2012. Study Harder
This presentation is a professional collaboration of development time prepared by: Rex Christensen Terri Jurkiewicz and Diane Kawamura Study Harder CR detection is inefficient, inferior to film screen
More informationCh. 223 VETERINARY MEDICINE CHAPTER 223. VETERINARY MEDICINE GENERAL PROVISIONS X-RAYS RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL. Authority
Ch. 223 VETERINARY MEDICINE 25 223.1 CHAPTER 223. VETERINARY MEDICINE Sec. 223.1. Purpose and scope. 223.2. [Reserved]. 223.2a. Definitions. 223.3 223.6. [Reserved]. 223.7. Structural shielding. 223.8.
More information10/26/2015. Study Harder
This presentation is a professional collaboration of development time prepared by: Rex Christensen Terri Jurkiewicz and Diane Kawamura Study Harder CR detection is inefficient, inferior to film screen
More informationRadiology Physics Lectures: Digital Radiography. Digital Radiography. D. J. Hall, Ph.D. x20893
Digital Radiography D. J. Hall, Ph.D. x20893 djhall@ucsd.edu Background Common Digital Modalities Digital Chest Radiograph - 4096 x 4096 x 12 bit CT - 512 x 512 x 12 bit SPECT - 128 x 128 x 8 bit MRI -
More informationExposure Indices and Target Values in Radiography: What Are They and How Can You Use Them?
Exposure Indices and Target Values in Radiography: What Are They and How Can You Use Them? Definition and Validation of Exposure Indices Ingrid Reiser, PhD DABR Department of Radiology University of Chicago
More informationArtefacts found in computed radiography
The British Journal of Radiology, 74 (2001), 195 202 E 2001 The British Institute of Radiology Pictorial review Artefacts found in computed radiography L J CESAR, RT(R)(QM), B A SCHUELER, PhD, F E ZINK,
More informationAcquisition, Processing and Display
Acquisition, Processing and Display Terri L. Fauber, R.T. (R)(M) Department of Radiation Sciences School of Allied Health Professions Virginia Commonwealth University Topics Image Characteristics Image
More informationThe importance of radiation quality for optimisation in radiology
Available online at http://www.biij.org/2007/2/e38 doi: 10.2349/biij.3.2.e38 biij Biomedical Imaging and Intervention Journal COMMENTARY The importance of radiation quality for optimisation in radiology
More informationY11-DR Digital Radiography (DR) Image Quality
Y11-DR Digital Radiography (DR) Image Quality Image quality is stressed for all systems in Safety Code 35. In the relevant sections Health Canada s advice is the manufacturer s recommended test procedures
More informationSPECIFICATION. Kilovoltage X-ray calibration system for protection and diagnostic level dosimetry. Prepared by
SPECIFICATION Kilovoltage X-ray Prepared by Igor Gomola, Technical Officer, Project ECU6023, Date 2015-Oct-06 Revision Date Status Comments 0.1 2015-Oct-06 Draft Igor Gomola Page 1 of 12 1. Scope This
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16371-1 First edition 2011-10-01 Non-destructive testing Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates Part 1: Classification of systems Essais non destructifs
More informationThe feasibility of breath-hold high-resolution 3D-MRCP obtained with 32 channel torso cardiac coil and T2-prepBTFE
The feasibility of breath-hold high-resolution 3D-MRCP obtained with 32 channel torso cardiac coil and T2-prepBTFE Poster No.: C-0022 Congress: ECR 2010 Type: Scientific Exhibit Topic: Abdominal Viscera
More informationHardware for High Energy Applications 30 October 2009
Paper No. 003 09 Hardware for High Energy Applications 30 October 2009 This document was created by the Federal Working Group on Industrial Digital Radiography. Reproduction is authorized. Federal Working
More informationFluoroscopy - Chapter 9
Fluoroscopy - Chapter 9 Kalpana Kanal, Ph.D., DABR Lecturer, Diagnostic Physics Dept. of Radiology UW Medicine a copy of this lecture may be found at: http://courses.washington.edu/radxphys/physicscourse04-05.html
More information4. Contrast is the. There must The function of contrast is to:. The types of contrast are.
RADIOGRAPHIC VISIBILITY OF DETAIL STUDY QUESTIONS 1. What is visibility of detail? It is controlled by properties. What are the two factors that affect it? 2. What is sharpness of detail? It is controlled
More informationNuclear Associates
Nuclear Associates 76-700 Digital Subtraction Angiography Phantom Users Manual March 2005 Manual No. 76-700-1 Rev. 2 2004, 2005 Fluke Corporation, All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. All product names
More informationBeam-Restricting Devices
Beam-Restricting Devices Three factors contribute to an increase in scatter radiation: Increased kvp Increased Field Size Increased Patient or Body Part Size. X-ray Interactions a some interact with the
More informationInvestigation of the line-pair pattern method for evaluating mammographic focal spot performance
Investigation of the line-pair pattern method for evaluating mammographic focal spot performance Mitchell M. Goodsitt, a) Heang-Ping Chan, and Bob Liu Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann
More informationUnit thickness. Unit area. σ = NΔX = ΔI / I 0
Unit thickness I 0 ΔI I σ = ΔI I 0 NΔX = ΔI / I 0 NΔX Unit area Δx Average probability of reaction with atom for the incident photons at unit area with the thickness of Delta-X Atom number at unit area
More informationKerma-Area Product in Diagnostic Radiology
Residents Section Physics Minimodule Huda Kerma-Area Product in Diagnostic Radiology Residents Section Physics Minimodule Walter Huda 1 Huda W Keywords: air kerma, fluoroscopy, interventional radiology,
More informationComparison of computed radiography and filmõscreen combination using a contrast-detail phantom
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS, VOLUME 4, NUMBER 1, WINTER 2003 Comparison of computed radiography and filmõscreen combination using a contrast-detail phantom Z. F. Lu,* E. L. Nickoloff, J.
More informationComputed Radiography of Resistance Temperature Sensor for Indian PHWR
National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation, NDE 2014, Pune, December 4-6, 2014 (NDE-India 2014) Vol.20 No.6 (June 2015) - The e-journal of Nondestructive Testing - ISSN 1435-4934 www.ndt.net/?id=17831
More informationLudlum Medical Physics
Ludlum Medical Physics Medical Imaging Radiology QA Test Tools NEW LUDLUM PRODUCT LINE Medical Physics Products Medical Physics Products What are they? Products used to measure radiation output and to
More informationX-ray Imaging. PHYS Lecture. Carlos Vinhais. Departamento de Física Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto
X-ray Imaging PHYS Lecture Carlos Vinhais Departamento de Física Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto cav@isep.ipp.pt Overview Projection Radiography Anode Angle Focal Spot Magnification Blurring
More informationTruly flexible to meet your clinical needs
Truly flexible to meet your clinical needs 2 Adapting to meet your needs Flexible Fast and responsive Excellent image quality Designed with ergonomic efficiency Equipped with dose management tools 3 Three
More informationThe Evaluation of Collimator Alignment of Diagnostic X-ray Tube Using Computed Radiography System
The Evaluation of Collimator Alignment of Diagnostic X-ray Tube Using Computed Radiography System The Evaluation of Collimator Alignment of Diagnostic X-ray Tube Using Computed Radiography System Manus
More information3/31/2011. Objectives. Emory University. Historical Development. Historical Development. Historical Development
Teaching Radiographic Technique in a Digital Imaging Paradigm Objectives 1. Discuss the historical development of digital imaging. Dawn Couch Moore, M.M.Sc., RT(R) Assistant Professor and Director Emory
More informationClinical Experiences with a Patient Skin Dose Monitoring and Tracking Program
Clinical Experiences with a Patient Skin Dose Monitoring and Tracking Program Allen R. Goode, MS, DABR Chief Diagnostic Medical Physicist Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging University of Virginia
More informationTest Equipment for Radiology and CT Quality Control Contents
Test Equipment for Radiology and CT Quality Control Contents Quality Control Testing...2 Photometers for Digital Clinical Display QC...3 Primary Workstations...3 Secondary Workstations...3 Testing of workstations...3
More informationGamex CR 2.0 Program description and operating manual
Gamex CR 2.0 Program description and operating manual Issue No. : 2.0 Date of Issue : Jan. 2013 Z.U.T. NDT SOFT http://www.ndtsoft.eu Copyright (c) 2013 by Z.U.T. NDT SOFT All Rights Reserved Disclaimer
More informationCyberKnife Iris Beam QA using Fluence Divergence
CyberKnife Iris Beam QA using Fluence Divergence Ronald Berg, Ph.D., Jesse McKay, M.S. and Brett Nelson, M.S. Erlanger Medical Center and Logos Systems, Scotts Valley, CA Introduction The CyberKnife radiosurgery
More informationDigital Radiographic Inspection replacing traditional RT and 3D RT Development
Digital Radiographic Inspection replacing traditional RT and 3D RT Development Iploca Novel Construction Meeting 27&28 March 2014 Geneva By Jan van der Ent Technical Authority International Contents Introduction
More informationRULES OF TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION OF RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH CHAPTER USE OF X-RAY APPARATUS
RULES OF TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION OF RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH CHAPTER 0400-20-06 USE OF X-RAY APPARATUS TABLE OF CONTENTS 0400-20-06-.01 Purpose 0400-20-06-.06 Veterinary
More informationINTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 62220-1 First edition 2003-10 Medical electrical equipment Characteristics of digital X-ray imaging devices Part 1: Determination of the detective quantum efficiency Appareils
More informationDigital Imaging CT & MR
Digital Imaging CT & MR January 22, 2008 Digital Radiography, CT and MRI generate images in a digital format What is a Digital Image? A digital image is made up of picture elements, pixels row by column
More informationYour worldwide source of grids. What a difference a grid makes
Your worldwide source of grids What a difference a grid makes The right assembly to meet your every need Trust the experts A high degree of expertise is required to design and manufacture quality X-ray
More informationDo you have any other questions? Please call us at (Toll Free) or , or
INSTRUCTIONS Read the appropriate course/ textbook. This is an open book test. A score of 75% or higher is needed to receive CE credit. You will have a maximum of three attempts to pass this course. Please
More informationMoving from film to digital: A study of digital x-ray benefits, challenges and best practices
Moving from film to digital: A study of digital x-ray benefits, challenges and best practices H.U. Pöhler 1 and N. D Ademo 2 DÜRR NDT GmbH & Co. KG, Höpfigheimer Straße 22, Bietigheim-Bissingen, 74321,
More informationUnfors EDD-30 Radiation Protection in Fluoroscopy
Unfors EDD-30 Radiation Protection in Fluoroscopy Immediate Warning Decrease Your Dose Interventional radiology procedures are considered to be essential to medical diagnosis and treatment. It is recognized,
More informationThe effect of compensating filter on image quality in lateral projection of thoraco lumbar radiography
Journal of Physics: Conference Series OPEN ACCESS The effect of compensating filter on image quality in lateral projection of thoraco lumbar radiography To cite this article: N A A Daud et al 2014 J. Phys.:
More informationCOMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 1
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 1 Why CT? Conventional X ray picture of a chest 2 Introduction Why CT? In a normal X-ray picture, most soft tissue doesn't show up clearly. To focus in on organs, or to examine the
More informationHalf value layer and AEC receptor dose compliance survey in Estonia
Half value layer and AEC receptor dose compliance survey in Estonia K. Kepler, A. Vladimirov Training Centre of Medical Physics, University of Tartu Testing Centre of the University of Tartu, Estonia E-mail:
More informationX-RAY IMAGING EE 472 F2017. Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah
X-RAY IMAGING EE 472 F2017 Prof. Yasser Mostafa Kadah www.k-space.org Recommended Textbook Stewart C. Bushong, Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 10 th ed., Mosby,
More informationSTEREOTACTIC BREAST BIOPSY EQUIPMENT SURVEYS
STEREOTACTIC BREAST BIOPSY EQUIPMENT SURVEYS JAMES A. TOMLINSON, M.S. Diagnostic Radiological Physicist American Board of Radiology Certified Medical Physics Consultants, Inc. Bio 28 yrs experience 100%
More informationEffects of Plastic Wedges on Whole Foot Radiograph in Anteroposterior and Oblique Positions
American Journal of Applied Sciences Original Research Paper Effects of Plastic Wedges on Whole Foot Radiograph in Anteroposterior and Oblique Positions Poe Lorlorm, Winit Choiprasert, Montree Tungjai
More informationComputed Radiography
BAM Berlin Computed Radiography --INDE 2007, Kalpakkam, India -- Uwe Zscherpel, Uwe Ewert BAM Berlin, Division VIII.3 Requests Requests and and information information to: to: Dr. Dr. U. U. Zscherpel Zscherpel
More informationELECTRONIC CONTROL CONCEPTS 160 Partition Street Saugerties, NY or local phone
ELECTRONIC CONTROL CONCEPTS 160 Partition Street Saugerties, NY 12477 (800)VIP-XRAY (845)247-9028 Fax or 800-847-9729 local phone 845-246-9013 http://www.eccxray.com sales@eccxray.com INSTRUCTION MANUAL
More informationRadiographic Techniques, Contrast, and Noise in X-Ray Imaging
Residents Section Physics Minimodule Huda and Abrahams Techniques, Contrast, and Noise in Radiography Residents Section Physics Minimodule Residents inradiology Walter Huda 1 R. Brad Abrahams 2 Huda W,
More information