Report of the PE pilot cases on Societal Challenges. Aarrevaara, Timo. University of Helsinki & European Union

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1 Reprt f the PE pilt cases n Scietal Challenges Aarrevaara, Tim University f Helsinki & Eurpean Unin þÿ A a r r e v a a r a, T, d ' A n d r e a, L, C a i a t i, G, D i k i u s, V, K a a r a k a i n e n, M S þÿ M a i u k a i t -} v i n i e n, S, M a t s c h s s, K J, P i e p e r, R, P i e t i l ä, M S, P u l k þÿ M T, T a u g i n i e n, L & W i k s t r ö m, J O , R e p r t f t h e P E p i l t c a s e s Challenges : Deliverable 3.2. University f Helsinki & Eurpean Unin, Helsinki. Dwnladed frm Helda, University f Helsinki institutinal repsitry. This is an electrnic reprint f the riginal article. This reprint may differ frm the riginal in paginatin and typgraphic detail. Please cite the riginal versin.

2 Public Engagement Innvatins fr Hrizn 2020 Reprt f the PE pilt cases n Scietal Challenges Deliverable 3.2 Editrs: Tim Aarrevaara, Kirsi Pulkkinen and Ian R. Dbsn Authrs: Tim Aarrevaara, Lucian d Andrea, Givanni Caiati, Vytautas Dikčius, Minna Kaarakainen, Mira Kivusilta, Saulė Mačiukaitė-Žvinienė, Kaisa Matschss, Richard Pieper, Maria Pietilä, Kirsi Pulkkinen, Mikk Rask, Lreta Tauginienė and Janne Wikström 15 September, 2016 WP 3 Cntext-tailring and pilting f best practice PE prcesses WP3 Leader: University f Lapland, Faculty f Scial Sciences Start mnth: 5 End mnth: 25 Type f activity: RTD This prject has received funding frm the Eurpean Unin s Seventh Framewrk Prgramme fr research, technlgical develpment and demnstratin under grant agreement n [611826]

3 The PE2020 Prject Year f implementatin: February 2014 January 2017 Web: Prject cnsrtium: UH University f Helsinki, Finland VU IBS Vilnius University Internatinal Business Schl, Lithuania LSC Labratri di Scienze della Cittadinanza, Italy UL University f Lapland, Finland Cntact infrmatin: Tim Aarrevaara, tim.aarrevaara@ulapland.fi Grant agreement n: Prject acrnym: PE2020 Prject full title: Public Engagement Innvatins fr Hrizn 2020 Prject funding scheme: Seventh Framewrk Prgramme, Cllabrative Prject, Small r medium scale fcused research prject, SiS : Tls and instruments fr a better scietal engagement in Hrizn 2020 Prject c-rdinatr: Mikk Rask, Cnsumer Sciety Research Centre at the University f Helsinki mikk.rask@helsinki.fi Prject website: This prject has received funding frm the Eurpean Unin s Seventh Framewrk Prgramme fr research, technlgical develpment and demnstratin under grant agreement n [611826]

4 The PE2020 prject PE2020 will identify, analyse and refine innvative public engagement (PE) tls and instruments fr dynamic gvernance in the field f Science in Sciety (SiS). PE2020 will analyse the PE tls and instruments thrugh a systemic and cntextual perspective, and cntribute t the ptential and transferability f new gvernance innvatins. PE2020 will create new knwledge f the status qu and trends in the field f public engagement in science, refine innvative PE tls and instruments and prpse new nes. The prject will d this by (1) further develping a cnceptual mdel that prvides a systemic perspective f the dynamics f public and stakehlder engagement; (2) creating an updated inventry f current and prspective Eurpean PE innvatins; (3) cntext-tailring and pilting best practice PE prcesses related t the grand challenges f the Hrizn 2020 and (4) develping an accessible net-based PE design tlkit that helps identify, evaluate and successfully transfer innvative PE practices within Eurpean cuntries. New tls and instruments fr public and scietal engagement are necessary t bst the quality, capacity and legitimacy f Eurpean STI gvernance and t slve the lming prblems related t the grand scietal challenges f the Hrizn In rder t ensure practical relevance, the prject will wrk thrugh intensive c-peratin between researchers and science plicy actrs. PE2020 will expand the capacity f Eurpean and natinal science plicy actrs t integrate better scietal engagement by prviding easy access t new PE tls and instruments, t be included in the requirements and implementatin f research in Hrizn 2020 and beynd. Acknwledgements The authr/s and the whle prject cnsrtium gratefully acknwledge the financial and intellectual supprt f this wrk prvided by the Eurpean Unin s Seventh Framewrk Prgramme fr research, technlgical develpment and demnstratin. This prject has received funding frm the Eurpean Unin s Seventh Framewrk Prgramme fr research, technlgical develpment and demnstratin under grant agreement n [611826]. We wuld like t extend a warm thanks t the members f the Scientific Advisry Bard f the PE2020 fr the active and prductive discussins that have pushed the analytical prcess frward. We highly appreciate the effrts and practive apprach f Markku Mattila, Martin Hynes, Elenre Pauwels, Simn Burall, Edward Anderssn and Suzanne de Cheveigné. The prcess f Wrk Package three has been ne f intensive cperatin with the pilt initiatives. We are greatful fr the penness and sincere interest in cllabratin f all the seven pilt initiatives, and wuld like t thank them all fr their time and effrt. Mrever, the authrs acknwledge the supprt prvided by IDIS Città della Scienza and especially by its Directr General Luigi Amdi. Special thanks als ges t Yvnne Meier-Bukwiecki (Department f Traffic and Space f the Municipality f Zurich), Armand Cartenì (Federic II University f Naples) and Luca Simene (IDIS - Città della Scienza). This prject has received funding frm the Eurpean Unin s Seventh Framewrk Prgramme fr research, technlgical develpment and demnstratin under grant agreement n [611826]

5 Legal Ntice The sle respnsibility fr the cntent f this publicatin lies with the authr/s. It des nt necessarily reflect the pinin f the Eurpean Unin. The Eurpean Cmmissin is nt respnsible fr any use that may be made f the infrmatin cntained therein. This prject has received funding frm the Eurpean Unin s Seventh Framewrk Prgramme fr research, technlgical develpment and demnstratin under grant agreement n [611826]

6 Cntents 1. Intrductin Objectives Engagement frame fr PE tls in the pilt initiatives Identificatin f ptentially transferable practices Design and implementatin f the pilt initiatives Methds Cntext f the pilt prjects Cntext-tailring and pilting f best practice PE prcesses Finland Italy Results f the cntext tailring wrkshps Cnclusins t be drawn frm the cntext-tailring wrkshps Realisatin f the pilt prjects Discussin and Cnclusins References This prject has received funding frm the Eurpean Unin s Seventh Framewrk Prgramme fr research, technlgical develpment and demnstratin under grant agreement n [611826]

7 1. Intrductin The gals f the PE2020 Public Engagement Innvatins fr Hrizn 2020 prject are t identify, analyse and refine innvative public engagement (PE) tls and instruments fr dynamic gvernance in the activities and areas f Science in Sciety. In this framewrk, the aims f WP3 are (1) t test and refine nvel public engagement tls and prcesses in the cntext f research prgrammes clsely linked t the Hrizn 2020 challenges, (2) t evaluate the feasibility f using the tls and t test them in the pilt initiatives (fr ther cuntries and fr ther scietal challenges), and (3) t gain understanding f the relevance f cntextual factrs in designing PE prcesses and prvide input fr the tlkit which will be develped in WP4. A descriptin f the prcess f designing and implementing the pilt initiatives (Task by Task) can be fund in Annex I Objectives Wrk Package three (WP3) had as its specific bjective t design and implement six pilt prjects n innvative PE prcesses. Seven prjects (r pilt initiatives ) were rganised in the cntext f nging research prgrammes in Finland and Italy. PE2020 is being funded thrugh the Seventh Framewrk prgramme, and it is develping tls and instruments fr better scietal engagement in Hrizn The pilt initiatives are cllectively linked t the seven Scietal Challenges 1 f the Eurpean Cmmissin. T ensure that there is an EU-wide dimensin and relevance, three f the pilt initiatives have been cnducted in the cntext f EU jint research prgrammes, Eurpean innvatin partnerships r ther types f research and innvatin activities with a transnatinal dimensin. Mre specifically, the bjectives f WP3 were t test and refine innvative PE tls and prcesses in research prgramme cntexts, t evaluate the feasibility f using such tls in ther cuntries, and t gain further understanding f the relevance f cntextual factrs in designing PE prcesses. The seven pilt initiatives 1 have been c-designed and implemented with ur target research prjects and prgrammes by funding agencies. Testing and intrducing new PE prcesses need t be adapted t the precnditins f the target prgrammes. Hwever, it was sn realised that such a transfer prcess wuld have been far frm straightfrward. On-ging research prjects and prgrammes had their wn pririties, expectatins, quality criteria and cultures f perating. All f the selected pilt initiatives were externally funded and as such had t adhere t the quality criteria set by the funding bdies, in additin t scientific r institutinal nes. Testing and intrducing new PE prcesses needed t be adapted t the precnditins f the target prgrammes. 1

8 The selectin f pilt initiatives is based n the innvativeness criteria as described in the PE2020 reprt D2.1 2 (Mačiukaitė-Žvinienė et al. 2014). Innvativeness refers here t the nvelty and ptential impact with respect t Hrizn2020. It was cnsidered imprtant that the pilt initiatives represent different types f cases, with a mix f bttm-up and tp-dwn led nes, as well as cases with up-stream and dwn-stream dimensins. In the prcess f case selectin it was realised that feasibility plays a crucial rle as a criterin. Feasibility refers t the cmparability f the PE activities with the needs f n-ging research prgrammes. The criteria are described mre carefully in PE2020 reprt D2.2 3 (Rask et al. 2016) in the methdlgical sectin. In this reprt, the term pilt initiative has been used t refer t the actual PE initiatives that were pilted as part f WP3. This helped us separate the initiatives frm the research cntexts in which the pilting activities tk place. In what fllws, we present an engagement frame fr selecting and categrising the different pilt initiatives. After that, we present the seven pilt initiatives f PE2020. Finally, we cmpare and analyse the initiatives, and reflect n the findings against the criterin, as well as sme unexpected issues abut the dynamics f PE prcesses. The seven pilt initiatives are listed belw tgether with the cuntry where they have been carried ut and the partner Prgramme r entity. Table 1. The seven pilt initiatives f PE2020, WP3. Pilt initiative Cuntry Hsting prgramme 1. Prmting science-sciety dialgue with blgs amng early-career researchers n Baltic Sea research Finland BONUS Prgramme 2. Living lab f Glbal Change Finland Future Earth Finland Natinal Cmmittee fr Glbal Change Research 3. Jint Prgramming Initiative (JPI) Mre Years, Better Lives (MYBL) 4. Scietal Interactin f Science in Strategic Research Cuncil funded prjects Finland Finland Mre Years, Better Lives Jint Prgramme Initiative Academy f Finland 5. Empwering yung researchers n PE in energy efficiency Italy ENEA Summer Schl n Energy Efficiency (ESS) 6. Dialgue Wrkshp n mbility and transprtatin 7. Educating science-sciety relatins and public engagement Italy Italy IDIS-Città della Scienza s Futur Remt Science Cmmunica-tin Initiative Agrà Scienza s Scientific Summer Schl 3 The reprt is accessible n the PE2020 prject website: 2

9 2. Engagement frame fr PE tls in the pilt initiatives Task 3.1 invlved preparatry discussins with relevant science plicy actrs in Finland and Italy. The purpse f the preparatry discussin was t make grund fr the pilt initiatives that were cdesigned with the science plicy actrs that were identified at the first stage f the WP. The PE2020 Cnsrtium develped an engagement frame fr rienting, selecting and classifying the pilt initiatives. The cncepts f Respnsible Research and Innvatin (RRI) and Dynamic Gvernance riented the types f activities and utcmes that were expected frm the pilt initiatives. These are described mre clsely in PE2020 Reprt D2.2. The authrs f this reprt have adpted a respnsible research set f practices, and the main aim f this prject has been t place scietal expectatins at the pinnacle. As stated elsewhere, RRI implies that scietal actrs (researchers, citizens, plicy makers, business, third sectr rganisatins, etc.) wrk tgether during the whle research and innvatin prcess in rder t better align bth the prcess and its utcmes with the values, needs and expectatins f sciety (See Engagement in all respects has invlved the full gamut f actrs and public engagement tls, and made public engagement part f all the stages f the research cycle. In this engagement frame, dynamic gvernance refers t dynamic interactins between schlars, citizens, industry and gvernment. It views gvernance as an explratry, inductive apprach in setting perfrmance standards fr respnsible research and innvatin (Rask et al. 2016). The critical pint is a presence r absence f dynamics, tensin f changes and c-peratin (Guldbransen 2014). Dynamic gvernance as evaluatin criteria fr the seven pilt initiatives is based n the cncepts f anticipatin, reflexivity and transdisciplinarity (Ne and Chen 2007). Frm this angle, dynamic gvernance refers t the ability f plicy makers t handle issues in a rapidly changing envirnment requiring cntinuus adjustment f plicies and prgrammes. Dynamic gvernance invlves active interactins between schlars, citizens, industry and gvernment. The engagement frame develped by the PE2020 Cnsrtium is described in Table 2. Sectin 3, which presents all the pilt initiatives, als includes an interpretatin f hw all the seven pilt initiatives are lcated in the frame. The selected pilt initiatives cver a wide spectrum f PE tls, which can be gruped accrding t tw main factrs. First, engagement tls can be categrised accrding t the timing f engagement in relatin t the phase f research, develpment and innvatin (RDI) prcess. Engagement may be upstream, midstream, r dwnstream. Secnd, engagement may be initiated frm the bttmup r frm the tp-dwn, placing fcus n whether the interactin was initiated by thse in decisin-making pwer psitins r thse representing civil sciety r the cmmn peple. Alternatively, it may be a mix f these and be deliberative, characterised by an evlving dialgue between the actrs. 3

10 Table 2. Engagement frame f the pilt initiatives in WP3 Initiative angle f engagement (X) Timing f engagement (Y) dwnstream midstream upstream bttm-up deliberative tp-dwn Empwering yung scientists wrking n Baltic Sea research Dialgue n mbility and transprtatin Scietal impacts and stakehlder invlvement in research grants Scietal Interactin plans in SRC Glbal Change Living lab Educating sciencesciety relatins and PE Empwering yung researchers n PE in energy efficiency Upstream engagement refers t dialgue and deliberatin amngst affected parties abut a ptentially cntrversial science, technlgy and innvatin issue at an early stage f the research and develpment prcess and in advance f significant applicatins r scial cntrversy (Rgers- Hayden & Pidgen 2007, 346; Rask et al. 2012). Benefits f upstream engagement: the public is engaged in influencing the directin that research and innvatin take; upstream engagement may uncver pwer relatins a technlgy embdies and the balance between crprate and civil sciety interests and cntrl (Rgers-Hayden & Pidgen 2007, 357). Differences in pinin are tackled befre the actual RDI prcess; mutual benefits f science-sciety interactin scientists learn frm the public and the public learn frm scientists (Rgers-Hayden & Pidgen 2007). Risks f upstream engagement: n ne may feel cmpelled t participate at an early stage (Escbar 2014). Midstream engagement refers t labratries and research activities (Delgad et al. 2011) where researchers in tandem with thers bring scietal cnsideratins t bear n their wrk (Fisher et al. 2006). Midstream engagement may als embrace mixed-stream situatins (Wynne 2011). Midstream engagement appears in the implementatin stage f a large, distributed, and dynamic decisin prcess. In this sense, its techniques are applied t affect the self-gvernance f R&D prcesses. Risks f midstream engagement (Fisher et al. 2006): First, midstream deliberatins are nt fully cnstrained by upstream agendas, nr are they limited t a purely instrumental apprach t their implementatin (491). Secndly, midstream activities are cnsiderably cnstrained by physical limitatins, resurces, and available expertise, nt t mentin institutinal and rganizatinal pressures and interests (491). Dwnstream engagement ccurs late in the research and develpment prcess (Rgers-Hayden & Pidgen 2007, 346), and fcuses n hw RDI impacts sciety. Risks f dwnstream engagement: public engagement may becme tkenistic (public engagement itself has few impacts) (Escbar 4

11 2014, Rgers-Hayden & Pidgen 2007), and plarisatin f pinins may ccur in cntrversial issues (Rgers-Hayden & Pidgen 2007). Benefits f dwnstream engagement: may increase the relevance and utilisatin f evaluatin findings and recmmendatins, increase the wnership and cmmitment by stakehlders t the interventin, and reduce risks f prject failure (Jacksn 1999). The engagement frame in this reprt aims t select and classify the pilt initiatives and refers t earlier reprts f PE2020 and dialgue with FP7-Engage2020 prject. Bttm-up public engagement aims t reach the widest pssible diversity f actrs t create the space fr ethical value-laden issues while bringing inclusiveness, transparency, diversity, and creativity int the research and innvatin prcess. Bttm-up prcesses are initiated by civil sciety (civil sciety rganisatins (CSO) r nn-gvernmental rganisatins (NGO)) r unrganised grups f peple (citizen engagement). These cllabratrs r stakehlders cperate with the researchers frm psitins that d nt hld mnetary pwer ver the prjects in questin. As such, they initiate engagement activities fr aims and purpses that fcus n the advancement f a particular issue. Alternatively, they engage with researchers due t an interest in the prcess f knwledge prductin itself. Tp-dwn public engagement is usually initiated by the spnsrs, such as gvernmental r regulatry agencies, by prfessinal Science in Sciety practitiners, r higher educatin institutins, industry r civil sciety rganisatins (Mačiukaitė-Žvinienė et al. 2014, 24). These actrs hld mnetary, regulatry r ther direct type f cntrlling pwer ver the researchers. Hence, the cperatin is initiated frm an unequal pwer basis, even if the cllabratrs interest in cllabratin may be brader and based mre n the issue than pwer. Deliberative public engagement, as understd in this cntext, includes dialgue between bttmup and tp-dwn actrs, and is therefre t be understd as a mixture f the tw previus mdels Identificatin f ptentially transferable practices Task 3.2 scanned the mst innvative and feasible PE practices frm amng thse identified in WP1. This was dne within the cntexts f the pilt initiatives. Tw f the mre relevant and differing PE criteria were selected fr further analysis as a result f the prcess: feasibility and innvativeness. The cncept f transferable practices refers here t a linear understanding f engagement and impact. As reprted in pilt initiative reprts, public engagement is diverse and based mainly n actrs dialgue. Their mtivatins and skills fr cperatin are at the centre f cllabratin. Further, feasibility fr scietal engagement in the realities f the different research envirnments were strngly emphasised in the pilt initiatives Design and implementatin f the pilt initiatives The resurces f pilt initiatives have been f cncern in SAB discussin f PE2020 prject. Therefre, it was imprtant t cnduct the pilt initiatives in cllabratin with research prgrammes and actrs that have their wn budgets fr ding PE. It is als cnsidered imprtant t frame and understand the nature f pilt initiatives in a way that is bth realistic and cntributes t the research dne in PE2020 and in Hrizn2020 planning. There are seven scietal challenges in the 5

12 Hrizn wrk prgramme, and we have cmmitted t seven pilt initiatives. The scietal challenges in seven pilt initiatives fllw a divisin f wrk. Table 3. Scietal challenges and divisin f wrk between the partners. Scietal challenges fr Hrizn 2020 UL/UH LSC 1) Health, demgraphic change and wellbeing x 2) Fd security, sustainable agriculture and frestry, marine and maritime and inland water research, and the biecnmy x 3) Secure, clean and efficient energy x 4) Smart, green and integrated transprt x 5) Climate actin, envirnment, resurce efficiency and raw materials x 6) Eurpe in a changing wrld - inclusive, innvative and reflective scieties x 7) Secure scieties - prtecting freedm and security f Eurpe and its citizens x Pilt initiatives were chsen n the basis f cutting edge PE activity. New types f institutinal cllabratin and hybrid activities were cnsidered t be particularly interesting themes, and the pilt initiatives were cnducted based n the preparatry discussins held with the majr science plicy actrs. Examples in the Finnish cntext were the Ministry f Ecnmic Affairs and Emplyment, and the Prime Minister s Office, the Academy f Finland and the Research and Innvatin Cuncil. Such actrs prvided access t similar bdies abrad and useful infrmatin fr pilt design. The main criteria fr chsing the pilt initiatives were based n the feasibility f using public engagement tls and testing them. It was cnsidered imprtant fr the chsen practices t be strngly cupled with the feasibility and functining character f public engagement activities. They build n designing actins that are interactive, mtivate all parties cncerned and serve their needs withut jepardising the scientific premises f the prject. These criteria were based n PE2020 Deliverable 2.2: hybrid cmbinatins f participatry tls t enhance discussins between researchers (science) and the public (sciety), methdlgically nvel dialgue-based engagement, participant empwerment and gvernance cntributin, inclusive new ways f representatin in terms f selectin methds f actrs and new cmbinatins f actrs, ptential impact n change, participants influence and impact n public debate, their bearing n the seven scietal challenges identified in Hrizn 2020, and feasibility regarding effective transfer t ther cntexts and pilt initiatives tested within limited resurces. An additinal criterin fr the selectin f the practices (and pilt initiatives) was the pssibility f gaining cmparative insights frm examining different cuntry cntexts. It was als cnsidered imprtant t frame and understand the nature f the pilt initiatives in a way that is bth realistic 6

13 and that cntributes t the research dne in PE2020 and in Hrizn2020 planning. It was further deemed imprtant fr the prject t cmmunicate the plan fr rganising the pilt initiatives befre mving ahead. Frm the research pint f view, it was remarked that the pilt initiatives shuld test at least tw different types f PE tls. They shuld represent different public engagement tls such as science cmmunicatin, civic activism, cnsultatin, deliberatin r participatry planning as described in PE2020 reprt D1.1. Early identificatin f the test sites was cnsidered imprtant. The initiatives included several small-scale PE methds, which were deemed apprpriate in each particular phase (e.g. public vting r priritisatin f research in fcus grups) instead f testing nly ne big preselected PE methd. In practice, this meant trying t create a PE culture in which the stakehlders culd be clsely invlved in the different phases f the research prject and nt just present in a ne-ff event. Further, such practices implied that the research prcess itself needed t remain pen t adjustments, which were initiated utside f the research grup itself. Overall, the rganisatin f the pilt initiatives was cnsidered t be prduct develpment, where n-ging PE practices are bsted with the knwledge gained frm the research in PE2020. The methd f testing in the pilt initiatives was seen as a dialgue-based apprach where the lgic f c-creatin culd be utspkenly present. T sum up, the pilt prjects were carried ut having taken int accunt: the internatinal research prgrammes and priritisatin f research were acknwledged as interesting cntext fr pilt initiatives the pilt initiatives shuld be chsen n the basis f nt nly their cutting edge PE activity but als their (expected) feasibility in practice. New types f institutinal cllabratin and hybrid activities were cnsidered particularly interesting themes the limited time devted fr the pilt initiatives and the difficulties in trying t align the schedules f PE2020 prject and the partners the imprtance f keeping in mind the limited resurces available fr the pilt prjects. 7

14 3. Methds The pilt initiatives were carried ut with the WP3 guidelines taking int accunt cntextual requirements, creatin f a cmparative research perspective, dcumentatin f the pilt initiatives and the experiences fr further evaluatin purpses. The living lab as a separate initiative f WP3 was tested as a public engagement methd, and it refers here t the general philsphy behind the cllabrative glbal change netwrk activities. The living lab was based n the c-creatin spaces bringing tgether researchers, stakehlders and public representatives t c-create new services, prducts and scietal infrastructures in real-life settings. The methds are reprted in the seven separate reprts f the pilt initiatives Cntext f the pilt prjects Cntext-tailring and pilting f best practice PE prcesses In rder t adapt the pilt initiatives t the particular lcal cntexts, the PE2020 prject included cntext tailring wrkshps amng the initial steps f the pilt design. As was described in the prject plan, the purpse f the cntext tailring was t cnsider the factrs that precnditin successful design and implementatin f PE tls and instruments in lcal cntexts. Cntributry and hindering factrs were suppsed t be identified and discussed by the PE2020 researchers and lcal STI actrs. The implementatin f the pilt initiatives has taken place in tw cuntries with highly different cultures f research and innvatin plicy and science in sciety debates: Italy and Finland. While research and innvatin have been high n the plitical agenda in Finland fr several decades (until the current recessin and gvernment), ther plitical themes have dminated Italian plitics. In terms f public engagement, the Nrdic apprach t plicy making has favured brad stakehlder cnsultatins, whereas direct demcracy and natinal and reginal referenda characterise the Italian cultural landscape2. Public engagement in bth cuntries is still a new issue and this was very much reflected in the negtiatins with thse respnsible fr establishing target prgrammes. Cnsidering that the natinal cultures f plicy making and particular research prject and prgramme cntexts bth have an impact n the design f the pilt initiatives, we decided t adpt a flexible apprach t the design f the wrkshps. Cmmn t bth cuntries, the planning f the wrkshps preceded a series f infrmal bilateral negtiatins between the PE2020 rganisers and the target prgrammes. The main mdel f the cntext tailring wrkshp in Finland included a large seminar invlving all three pilt initiatives held in Finland plus an internatinal grup f experts giving insight and external perspective n the pilt initiatives. In ne case, the Italian mdel relied n a smaller-scale seminar that was rganised t scpe lcally imprtant factrs fr practical pilt initiative design. In tw ther cases, cntext tailring tk place nly thrugh bilateral discussins between the prject partners and target prgrammes Finland The ne-day event n 9 April 2015 attracted apprximately 40 participants frm Finland and ther cuntries. The participants were frm diverse backgrunds, representing higher educatin institutins (universities and universities f applied sciences), public research institutes, think tanks, 8

15 private cmpanies, ministries, the Eurpean Unin (EU), research funders, and Eurpean research prgrammes. The event tk place at the Aalt University Schl f Business. The target f the cntext tailring wrkshp in Helsinki was t create a shared understanding abut the fundatinal rganisatinal, methdlgical, and infrastructure challenges f public engagement. The wrkshp fcused especially n living labs as a public engagement methd as this was a central cmmn interest f PE2020 and The Center fr Knwledge and Innvatin Research (CKIR) at Aalt University. Experiences and insights were gathered bth frm the innvatin cntext and frm the academically-riented cntext t enable the participants t reflect n the pprtunities and challenges in creating and maintaining multi-actr, multidisciplinary living labs in different settings. In the wrkshp, the participants discussed hw living labs understd bradly as a research strategy and methdlgy can help t engage peple, cities, regins, public agencies and firms when slving the majr scietal challenges f ur time. The prgramme and details f the speakers f the wrkshp can be fund as an attachment f this reprt. In Finland, a cntext tailring wrkshp was rganised t help in designing and implementing the fllwing pilt initiatives: BONUS yung scientists initiative BONUS is the jint Baltic Sea research and develpment prgramme fr years It invlves Eurpean cuntries frm the Baltic Sea regin. The initiative is related t the scietal challenge n fd security, sustainable agriculture and frestry, marine and maritime and inland water research, and the biecnmy. The Bnus pilt initiative was a scheme fr empwering yung scientists (dctral students. pstdctral researchers) by prviding them with skills in the new scial media that they can use in cmmunicating their research activities in a recently established, bttm-up structured research website f the BONUS prgramme. The bjectives fr the pilt initiative were als t deliberate n the ptins fr using scial media as a public engagement tl, and t supprt the bttm-up initiatives f junir researchers in a traditinally hierarchical academic envirnment. The bjectives f this pilt initiative were threefld: t supprt junir-level researchers skills and capabilities t engage with stakehlders and citizens in the different phases f the research and innvatin prcess; t deliberate n the pssibilities fr using scial media as a public engagement tl, and t supprt the bttm-up initiatives f junir researchers in a traditinally hierarchical academic envirnment. Glbal change living lab The secnd pilt initiative aimed t c-design glbal change research pririties and jint prjects in cllabratin with researchers, ther actrs in the public and private sectrs, and civil sciety rganisatins. Whereas c-design ideas have already been used in the innvatin cntext, pening up the prcesses at an early stage t a wider audience is innvative in the field f academic research. The cntext f the initiative is a Finnish Glbal Change living lab netwrk, which is crdinated by Future Earth Finland Natinal Cmmittee fr Glbal Change Research. The Finnish natinal cmmittee cllabrates with fellw natinal cmmittees abrad and their reginal clusters. The pilt 9

16 initiative is related t the scietal challenge n climate actin, envirnment, resurce efficiency, and raw materials. The bjectives f this pilt initiative were twfld: t deliberate n the ptins fr supprting and strengthening multi- and interdisciplinary, multi-actr research cllabratin related t slving scietal challenges; t elabrate n the ptins fr hw intermediary rganisatins may strengthen inter- and multidisciplinary and multi-actr cllabratin in the c-design f research pririties and supprt the cntinuity f living labs. Scietal impacts and stakehlder invlvement in research grants The third pilt initiative aimed t analyse the cntents f scietal impacts and stakehlder invlvement in research grants. Whereas requirements fr mre scietal interactin aspire t balance academic peer review and scietal relevance in granting research funding, little is knwn abut the cntent f such interactin plans in relatin t dimensins f public engagement. The cntext f the initiative is an EU jint prgramming initiative (JPI) n demgraphic change: Mre Years, Better Lives (MYBL). Thirteen Eurpean cuntries are prviding supprt fr the JPI. The pilt initiative is related t the scietal challenge n health, demgraphic change and wellbeing and the challenge n Eurpe in a changing wrld - inclusive, innvative and reflective scieties. The first rder bjective f the pilt initiative was t study whether it is pssible t create a prcess that can prduce innvative public engagement bjectives int the internatinal research prcess. Secnd, the bjective was t supprt and imprve the quality and effectiveness f the research. A cncrete aim f the pilt initiative is t help the JPI MYBL prgramming initiative and SOAB t evaluate and assess the scietal interactin and public engagement in future applicatins. The secnd part was added t this type f pilt initiative during the pilting prcess. This additin was cnsidered imprtant as it became clear thrugh negtiatins with the Academy f Finland that it wuld be pssible t include a new funding instrument, cnsidered nvel internatinally, in the study. This frmed a secnd and parallel case t the same type f initiative as the JPI/MYBL, and hence frms a separate reprt. This secnd part f the pilt initiative was t unravel the meaning and rle f scietal interactin in the Strategic Research Cuncil funded prjects under the Academy f Finland. The pilt initiative presents discussin abut hw the interactin relatinship is frmed, hw the partnerships are served, and hw research activities are integrated with scietal interactin activities. The aim is t investigate the types f bjectives the interactin activities aim t serve, the frms f practices chsen t d this, and t understand hw the practices are integrated int the timing patterns f the prjects as well as the stakehlders, and finally, t study the kinds f expertise and capacities that are cnsidered necessary fr the successful implementatin f scietal interactin. The gals f the SRC pilt initiative were divided int three parts: T unravel the meaning and rle f scietal interactin in the SRC-funded prjects. Central questins include hw the interactin relatinship is frmed, hw the partnerships are served, and hw research activities are integrated with scietal interactin activities. 10

17 T investigate the types f bjectives the interactin activities aim t serve, the frms f practices chsen t d this, and t understand hw the practices are integrated int the timing patterns f the prjects as well as infrming the stakehlders. T study the kinds f expertise and capacities that are cnsidered necessary fr the successful implementatin f scietal interactin Italy In Italy, cntext tailring activities were held t supprt the fllwing pilt initiatives: Empwering yung researchers n PE in energy efficiency (Rme) The furth pilt initiative was develped n the basis f an interactin between Labratri di Scienze della Cittadinanza (LSC) and ENEA, the Italian Natinal Agency fr New Technlgies, Energy and Sustainable Ecnmic Develpment and was cnceived as an itinerary aimed at making PE a strategic element in the training prgramme f the tw-week lng ENEA Summer Schl n Energy Efficiency (ESS) targeted at yung prfessinals and researchers. The pilt initiative included the rganisatin f an internal wrkshp invlving a grup f ENEA prject managers aimed at develping a cmmn understanding abut the ENEA experience in PE, the prductin f a handut n PE in the energy sectr, the rganisatin f a fur-hur training mdule devted t PE in the framewrk and the presentatin f the results f the mdule in the ESS final plenary sessin with the participatin f a grup f private cmpanies wrking in the energy sectr. The ratinale f the pilt prject was that f supprting the ENEA prject managers in capitalising n their experience fr identifying the stck f knwledge t transfer t the ESS trainees n PE thery and practice in the energy sectr and then actually implementing such a knwledge transfer prcess thrugh the training mdule included in the ESS. This pilt initiative was related t the challenge Secure, clean and efficient energy. The pilt prject pursued the fllwing bjectives: Raising the awareness f the ENEA prject managers n their wn apprach t and practices f public engagement in energy prjects; Transferring a stck f theretical and practical knwledge t the trainees n why and hw t use PE mechanisms in designing and implementing energy efficiency prgrammes; Sensitising the private cmpanies cncerned with the ESS abut the rle f PE in the field f energy efficiency. Dialgue Wrkshp n mbility and transprtatin (Naples) the fifth pilt initiative was develped with the intentin f testing a PE apprach in cnnectin t ne f the grand scietal challenges cnsidered by Hrizn 2020, i.e. Smart, green and integrated transprt. The ratinale f the pilt was that f putting PE at the very centre f the debate n mbility and transprtatin in a given lcal cntext s as t imprve the develpment and management f transprtatin, with special reference t the invlvement f citizens, civil service rganisatin (CSOs) and stakehlders in rienting research prgrammes and plicy design. The pilt initiative fcused n the rganisatin f an initiative f public dialgue 11

18 aimed at discussing the present and ptential rle f PE and participatry mechanisms in the mbility sectr. The bjectives f the pilt were: T activate a dialgue amng them n the use f PE in the abve mentined field, with special reference t the relatinships between researchers and research institutins, n the ne side, and citizens and CSOs, n the ther side; T give an pprtunity fr the key stakehlders in the field f transprtatin and mbility in Naples t establish stable cntacts and interactins s as t create a permanent cperatin platfrm; T draw ut f the dialgue experience useful infrmatin and recmmendatins n bstacles and develpment perspectives f PE in the mbility sectr in Naples. Educating science-sciety relatins and public engagement (Turin) the sixth pilt initiative was rganised t test the pssibility f using PE mechanisms t raise the awareness f and transferring knwledge t yung students n the cmplex and changing relatinships existing between science and sciety. The pprtunity t make such a test was given by the Scientific Summer Schl (SSA), a week-lng infrmal educatin initiative targeted at high schl students that Agrà Scienza rganises each year in Turin with the participatin f researchers frm different universities. The ratinale f the pilt prject was that f directly invlving the researchers cncerned with the SSA in a cmmn reflectin n their wn experiences in science cmmunicatin and science engagement and their views f sciencesciety (S&S) relatinships. This was in rder t hear their suggestins n hw t raise the awareness and increase the knwledge f students n science-sciety relatinships and t put such suggestins int practice by adpting PE mechanisms in the framewrk f the 2015 editin f the SSA. The pilt prject pursued the fllwing bjectives: T test hw t put science-sciety relatins at the centre f training and educatin initiatives als via PE-based initiatives; T pen a space fr dialgue fr the researchers invlved in the SSA n PE and S&S relatinships, encuraging exchanges f ideas and gd practices; T enable researchers invlved in the Summer Science Academy t cntribute thrugh suggestins, cmments and prpsals in the planning f the 2015 editin; t stably insert PE methds and S&S-related issues as key features f the future editins f SSA; t allw the students participating in the SSA t live a direct PE experience Results f the cntext tailring wrkshps Typical f any participatry activity, the cntext tailring wrkshps resulted in a wide range f utcmes, yet nt all f them can be reprted here. First, in all cases netwrking and capacity building were amng the main cntributins. In Finland, fr example, it was a highly empwering prcess fr the stakehlders f the three pilt initiatives t meet each ther, share experiences and learn frm each ther and frm an internatinal cmmunity f living labs. Sme participants had mre than 20 years experience with public and stakehlder engagement activities. Secnd, new perspectives and insights were gained n the ptential and limitatins f public engagement 12

19 activities, and hw they can be implemented in different types f research and innvatin cntexts. Third, practical tips and advice n hw t manage innvative PE prcesses practically were frthcming. Even thugh the daily netwrking and capacity building activities are critical fr the success f PE activities, it is beynd the scpe f this reprt t explre such activities in depth. Instead, we have fcused n the main cntent f the discussins in the tw structurally rganised wrkshps that were implemented as part f three pilt initiatives under study. One was held in Helsinki, Finland and the ther in Turin, Italy Cnclusins t be drawn frm the cntext-tailring wrkshps The experiences frm the PE2020 cntext tailring wrkshps in Finland and Italy can be summarised with the fllwing bservatins. Public engagement tls are always tested in their wn cntext, and the results are at best undetermined. These wrkshps did nt prduce the exact infrmatin fr guidelines which wuld enhance the implementatin f the nging pilt initiatives. Instead, the pilt initiatives were set in relatin t each ther n the basis f the infrmatin received in the cntext tailring wrkshps. Based n the wrkshps, sme guidelines can be sketched ut fr future wrkshps. First, frm a knwledge-sharing perspective, it is beneficial t bring tgether actrs frm different sectrs t discuss and share infrmatin n public engagement methdlgy and its links t the current science plicies and the brader cntext f building civic capabilities fr the citizens in western scieties. Wrkshps are als useful fr building new netwrks that can be utilised in planning future public engagement activities. Secnd, such wrkshps with a wide array f participating actrs may als be useful in trying t anticipate pssible bstacles in designing and implementing public engagement prcesses. We argue that having wide participatin in the design phase f the research and innvatin prcess is imprtant particularly in the area f trying t slve large-scale scietal challenges that transcend the bundaries f multiple plicy areas. This highlights the need fr cntext tailring wrkshps. Third, based n the findings at the wrkshp, rganising cntext tailring wrkshps may mtivate actrs at research rganisatins t becme acquainted with the ratinales f public engagement and the span f available methds in that field. In future wrkshps, when planning pilt initiatives, which are still at an early stage, it might be beneficial t be mre riented t giving feedback n issues at the practical level. There shuld als be sufficient time fr general discussin. 13

20 4. Realisatin f the pilt prjects Each f the seven pilt initiatives has been analysed by using a systematic analytical framewrk in separate reprts that have been published previusly n the PE2020 website. Links t these reprts can be fund belw. 1. Prmting science-sciety dialgue with blgs amng early-career researchers n Baltic Sea research ( Prject-Final2.pdf) 2. Living lab f Glbal Change ( 3. Jint Prgramming Initiative (JPI) Mre Years, Better Lives (MYBL) ( 4. Scietal Interactin f Science in Strategic Research Cuncil funded prjects ( 5. Empwering yung researchers n PE in energy efficiency ( 6. Dialgue Wrkshp n mbility and transprtatin ( 7. Educating science-sciety relatins and public engagement ( 14

21 5. Discussin and Cnclusins In Wrk Package three the fcus was n identifying pilt prjects that exhibit new and innvative ways f engaging with their determined publics in an effective manner. The bjectives were t test and refine innvative PE tls and prcesses in research prgramme cntexts, t evaluate the feasibility f using such tls in ther cuntries, and t gain further understanding f the relevance f cntextual factrs in designing PE prcesses. Seven pilt prjects were clsely studied, in direct cllabratin with the central staff f each prject. In ther wrds, the intentin was t deal with the prjects as mre than bjects f research and t engage in dialgue with the prpnents f the prjects with the aim f enabling mutual learning as well as develpment f public engagement activities. This apprach enabled a mre indepth, dual wrking methd that supprted the verall missin f the PE2020 prject: t identify, analyse and refine innvative public engagement (PE) tls and instruments fr dynamic gvernance in the field f Science in Sciety (SiS). Sme lessns learned can be drawn frm the design and implementatin prcess f the pilt prjects, which may be useful in cnnecting innvative public engagement appraches and dynamic gvernance. Overall, during the analytical prcess f the pilt initiatives we have been able t identify innvative PE methds that have created psitive results with regard t the quality f the research prjects as well as the actrs invlved in them. The PE methds used in the pilt initiatives vary frm mre cnventinal science cmmunicatin and fcus grup discussins t highly cllabrative c-creatin practices. They were implemented in varying cntexts and circumstances, and in different scientific disciplines. Hwever, in all f the pilt initiatives the PE methds that were chsen and applied in the research prjects were fund t be useful fr the prjects in questin. In fur f the seven pilt initiatives cllabratin with the PE2020 prject was reprted t have directly psitive effects. While all f these initiatives had a practive and psitive attitude twards public engagement t start ff with, there was strng mtivatin and ability t test PE tls and develp their functins during the prcess f cperatin and analysis. This penness t apply new wrking methds was visible in bth n-ging research prjects (Glbal Change and Bnus) as well as prgrammes that were in the final planning r initial applicatin phases (SRC and JPI/MYBL). Such a cnstructive attitude at the prgramme level seems t have trickled dwn t individual research prjects. These benefits were seen, abve all, in the fact that the pilt initiatives imprved the quality, awareness and effectiveness f the activities tested in the pilt initiatives. The feasibility was verified in cnnectin with, fr example, the BONUS pilt initiative. Regarding the use f ICT technlgy (including scial media platfrms), the extended disseminatin and pprtunities were imprved especially fr yung researchers f the prjects. The wrking envirnment and prgramme cntext f the pilt initiatives has played a crucial rle in the way in which researchers have reacted t the PE methds. In the cntexts f the pilt initiatives, the rle and methds f PE have been cnceptualized in ways that prmte active and cntinuus invlvement with actrs utside the scientific cmmunity. The prgrammes have encuraged research prjects t enhance public engagement tls by prviding a safe platfrm in which t try new ways f cllabrating with external stakehlders. 15

22 As a result f a changing envirnment, which places active invlvement with scietal stakehlders at the cre, the researchers have respnded with creativity. The funding prgrammes have prvided the applicants with grund rules but left them much rm fr creative, ut-f-the-bx slutins fr hw t engage in practice publicly. This systemic change has caused cnfusin amng sme, while thse wh received the funding have embraced the new-fund freedm t test new methds that g beynd what the funders expected. The space fr creative thinking and pen testing can be seen as a prergative fr the psitive attitude f researchers t prsper and be turned int functining wrking methds. The pressure t find slutins that match the style and bligatins f the new funding prgrammes has been strng. Hwever, the research cnsrtia that have been successful in the first phases have shwn the ability t develp bth their knwledge and skills in public engagement. A majr cntributing factr visible in the pilt initiatives is a prcess that encurages cmmitment frm researchers and partners alike. In practice, a critical impetus has been created by wrkshps that were rganised by the research cnsrtia in the early stages f the prjects. The wrkshps enabled the researchers t examine critically wh their central partners culd be and what type f scietal impact was being strived fr with the prject. Simultaneusly, the wrkshps have been a channel and tl t engage with stakehlders and partners frm the very start f the prject. In several cases, initial wrkshps were held prir t receiving the funding decisins, i.e. befre the actual start f the prject. Hence, the prject cnsrtia have been able t create a jint cmmitment t a shared cause. They have allwed space fr scientific, practitiner and field expertise t flurish within the prject. As such they have created pprtunities fr the crss-breeding f ideas and the exchange f different types f knwledge. As a result f the prcess, the researchers have gained new cmpetencies and fund new ways t study majr scietal challenges. The cntext tailring wrk shp frmed a particularly part f the WP3 prgramme, and it was built t identify and justify the methds befre testing the PE tls in pilt initiatives. In this case, the Living Lab cncept was a reasnable chice, because it frmed an interesting design and discussin between the Living Lab and public engagement appraches. The prcesses f knwledge prductin have changed. This has caused bth cncern and excitement in the scientific cmmunity as it has been difficult t fresee hw the change wuld affect the scientific prcess and neutral apprach. Frm the pilt initiatives it is evident that the applicatin f innvative PE methds has in fact nt hindered the scientific prcess. It has becme necessary t weigh scientific quality against the penness f science. As such, researchers have been prvided with the task f making the scientific prcess mre understandable and arguing fr the value f this prcess in a rapidly changing envirnment. When these demands have been cupled with a new type f funding instrument as in the pilt initiatives, an imprvement in the quality in the prcess f research prjects can be seen. The research grups have develped new wrking methds and mdels fr public engagement as part f the scientific wrk. They shw an imprvement in prject leadership and cmplex knwledge management. The pilt initiatives discussed in this reprt were all different, and the cmmn feature amng them was t prduce benefits fr different actrs. The feasibility criterin was a strength fr all f the pilt initiatives. The rganisatin f the pilt initiatives was cnsidered t be prduct develpment, where n-ging PE practices are bsted with the knwledge gained frm the research in PE2020. The methd f testing in the pilt initiatives fllwed a dialgue-based apprach where the lgic f c-creatin was 16