Amplifiers and Feedback
|
|
- Lucy Ramsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 6 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC Chapter Aplifiers and Feedback. INTRODUCTION Practically all circuits using Operational Transconductance Aplifiers are based around one of a few fundaental configurations. In this chapter, you will learn about these building blocks. The basic building blocks [] are realized using Operational Transconductance Aplifiers (OTA). It is shown that circuits provide iproveents in design siplicity and prograability when copared with Op-ap based structures as well as reduced coponent count.. BASIC INERTING AMPLIFIER The basic inverting aplifier is shown in Fig... The input voltage is applied to the inverting terinal of OTA and non-inverting terinal is grounded. The load resistance R L is connected at the output of OTA. Assuing OTA to be ideal, the output current of OTA is The current flowing through the load R L is also I o I o = g (.) I o = o RL (.) I B g I o o R L Fig.. Inverting aplifier
2 Aplifiers and Feedback 9 buffer is used at the output; it is useful for reducing the output ipedance (Z o ) of the OTA.The analysis of the circuit of Fig..4, gives and Z o = 0 o i = g R L (.0) I B g I o I o A o R L Fig..4 Inverting feedback aplifier In the inverting feedback aplifier of Fig..4, the effects of parasitics are due to output parasitic capacitance of the OTA along with instruentation parasitics, parallel the resistor R L in discrete coponent structures, thus causing a roll-off in the frequency response of the circuits..6 NON-INERTING FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER The circuit for non-inverting feedback aplifier is shown in Fig..5. The input is applied at the non-inverting terinal of OTA and the inverting terinal is grounded. oltage buffer is connected at the output of OTA. Analysis of the circuit of Fig..5 gives o = g R L (.) i and Z o = 0 I B R L g I o A o Fig..5 Non-inverting feedback aplifier
3 0 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC The gain characteristics of the circuit of Fig..4 and Fig..5 are ideally sae, but the perforance of the two circuits is different due to difference in the effects of parasitics in the circuits. For non-inverting aplifier, the output parasitic capacitance of OTA is connected across the null port of an Op-ap and thus has negligible effects when the Op-ap works properly. For the inverting and non-inverting feedback aplifiers of Fig..4 and Fig..5, the ajor factor liiting the bandwidth is generally the finite gain-bandwidth product GB, of Op-ap. If the Op-aps are odeled by the single-pole roll-off odel, A(s) = GB/s, and OTAs are assued to be ideal, then bandwidth of these circuit is GB, which is independent of the voltage gain of the aplifier, while for single Op-ap base non-inverting and inverting aplifiers of gain K and K, the bandwidth is GB/K and GB/+K, respectively, which depends on gains..7 BUFFERED AMPLIFIERS The circuit for a feedback aplifier is shown in Fig..6. Input current (I i ) flowing through R is I i = ( - ) (.) R The output current of OTA, I o is I o = g (.3) KCL at gives I i = I o (.4) The current flowing through R is I o = ( 0 - ) R Equating equations (.3) and (.5) gives = o - g R (.5) (.6) R I i R g I o o I B Fig..6 Buffered aplifier
4 Aplifiers and Feedback Fro equations (.), (.3) and (.4), we have g = - R Solving this equation for, gives = ( + g R ) (.7) Substituting fro equation (.6) in equation (.7) gives ( + gr ) = o ( - gr ) or o = ( - gr ) (.8) i ( + gr ) and thus R+ R Z o = + g R Fro equation (.8), it is evident that the voltage gain can be continuously adjusted between positive and negative values with the paraeter g. Consider the circuit of Fig..7. The input signal is applied at the non-inverting terinal. The output current (I o ) of OTA is I o = g ( ) (.9) R R g I o o I B Fig..7 Buffered aplifier Also KCL at node gives I o = o - R (.0) o - = (.) R R
5 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC or or and = R o R + R Equating equations (.9) and (.0) gives o = g R ( ) (.) o g R = ( g R ) (.3) Substituting fro equation (.) in equation (.3) gives o i Z o = = g ( R + R ) ( + g R ) R+ R + g R (.4) Hence, it is evident that voltage gain can be adjusted with the help of paraeter g. In the circuit Fig..7, if we interchange the positive and negative terinals of the OTA, then very large gains can be obtained as g R approaches to unity (as Z o approaches infinity). In that case voltage gain is given as o i = g ( R + R ) ( - g R ) Z o Æ (.5).8 SCALE CHANGER The circuit for scale changer is shown in Fig..8. It consists of two OTAs without any passive coponents. The input signal is applied at the inverting terinal of OTA. The output is taken at the output of OTA. I B g o I B I o OTA g I o o OTA Fig..8 Scale changer
6 4 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC I B I B3 g I o I B I 3 g 3 3 I o3 I o g Fig..9 Suing aplifier or KCL at 3 gives I = I o3 = ( g 3 3 ) Fro equations (.3), (.3) and (.33), we get Equating equations (.35) and (.36) gives I = g 3 3 (.35) I = g + g (.36) g 3 3 = g + g 3 = g g 3 + g g 3 (.37) Fro equation (.37), it is evident that the output voltage 3 is the su of two scaled voltages, and it can be controlled either by g, g or g 3. This circuit can also be extended to ore than two signals. Interchanging the input terinal of any feed in OTA will change the sign of the corresponding suing coefficient..0 DIFFERENTIATOR The circuit for OTA-based differentiator can be obtained by loading the output of an OTA by an inductor.
7 Aplifiers and Feedback 5.0. Two OTA-Based Differentiator The circuit for differentiator using two OTAs is shown in Fig..0. It consists of two OTAs along with two passive coponents. The OTA with transconductance gain g is loaded with single OTA-based inductor. [3] The output current I o is I o = g (.38) Also I o = ( o - ) R (.39) The output current I o is, Also I o = g o (.40) I o = ( o )sc (.4) Equating equations (.38) and (.39) gives Rg = ( o ) or = ( o + g ) (.4) R C I i o g o g o I o Fig..0 Two OTA-based differentiator Equating equations (.40) and (.4) gives ( o )sc = g o or = o sc - g o (.43) sc Equating the equations (.4) and (.43) gives voltage gain differentiator as o i = -sg RC g F oi HG i K J of the (.44)
8 6 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC Fro equation (.44), it is clear that, an ideal inverting differentiator is realized. The voltage gain of the realized differentiator can conveniently be controlled ore strongly with the bias current control of the OTAs, i.e., either by g or g. Inverting and non-inverting differentiator can be obtained by connecting inverting or non-inverting terinal of OTA to ground respectively..0. Three OTA-Based Differentiator The circuit for differentiator using three OTAs is shown in Fig... It consists of three OTAs along with a capacitor. The OTA with g is loaded by two OTAbased inductors []. The output current I o is KCL at o gives I o = g (.45) I o = I o3 (.46) I o = g o (.47a) Also I o = s C (.47b) I o3 = g 3 (.48) Fro equations (.45), (.46) and (.48), we get g = ( g 3 ) or = g g i (.49) 3 Equating the equations (.47a) and (.47b) gives g o = s C or = g o (.50) sc I o3 g 3 I o g I o g o C Fig.. Three OTA-based differentiator
9 Aplifiers and Feedback 9 The realized current ode differentiator is coposed of only active devices; hence, the circuit is suitable for onolithic ipleentation either with CMOS or bipolar technologies. In addition to this no realizability conditions are iposed for the circuit and all the active sensitivities are found to be low.. INTEGRATOR Integrators serves as the basic building block in any filter structures. The circuit for OTA based integrator can be obtained by loading the output of OTA by a capacitor... Ideal Integrator The voltage variable integrator with a differential input is shown in Fig..3(a). It is also known as prograable integrator (PI). Its sybolic representation is shown in Fig..3(b). In the circuit of Fig..3(a), the OTA is loaded by a capacitor. Since the output ipedance of OTA is ideally infinite, a very high input ipedance buffer is used to avoid undesirable loading. The output current (I o ) of OTA is given as I o = g (.6) Also I o = s o C o (.63) + cc I B g I o o C o cc (a) Prograable integrator I B o (b) The sybol for prograable integrator Fig..3
10 30 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC and Equating equations (.6) and (.63) gives g = s o C o T P = o i = g sc o = K s (.64) K = g I B = (.65) Co C T o where K = integration constant Fro equation (.64), it is clear that the circuit realizes an ideal integrator and its gain is directly proportional to OTA s bias current I B. Hence, gain can be controlled by varying the bias current I B. Inverting and non-inverting integrators can be obtained by connecting inverting or non-inverting terinal of OTA to ground respectively... Lossy Integrators The circuit for lossy integrator is shown in Fig..4(a). The input is applied at non-inverting terinal of OTA. The output current, I o is given as I B g I o o C R (a) Lossy integrator I B I B I o I o g C o g I o o (b) OTA-C lossy integrator Fig..4
11 or Also Equating equations (.66) and (.67) gives Aplifiers and Feedback 3 I o = g (.66) I o = o (G + sc ) (.67) g = o (G + sc) o i = gr + scr (.68) Equation (.68) shows that the circuit of Fig..4(a) has a loss that is fixed by the RC product and the gain is adjusted by g. This circuit also works as first order low-pass filter. Another circuit for lossy integrator is shown in Fig..4(b). It consists of two OTAs along with a capacitor. This circuit can be obtained by replacing the resistor R of circuit in Fig..4(a) by an OTA-based siulated resistor. Consider the analysis of circuit of Fig..4(b), the output current I o of first OTA is or KCL at o gives I o = g (.69) I o = I o (.70) The current flowing through capacitor is I o + I o is given as I o + I o = sc o (.7) o = I o + I sc o (.7) I o = g o (.73) Substituting the expressions of current I o fro equation (.69) and I o fro (.73) in equation (.7), we get o = g - g o sc After siplification, the voltage gain of the integrator is given by o g = (.74) i sc + g Equation (.74) shows that the pole frequency can be controlled by g and dc gain by g.
12 3 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC..3 Active only Integrator The active only integrator with electronically tunable tie constants is described, which consists of two OTAs and one Op-ap, without using any passive coponent. The resulting current ode active only integrator is shown in Fig..5. The routine analysis of the circuit yields H int (s) = I I o in = g B 4 sg 3 = st (.75) where t = g 3 /Bg 4 (.76) I in g 3 I o A g4 I o Fig..5 Active only integrator It can be seen that the tie constant of the integrator of Fig..5 can be tuned electronically by changing g 3 and or g 4. The active sensitivities of the circuit are expresses as S g t 3 = S g t 4 = S B t = (.77) These sensitivities are all sall. It can be noted that t can be ade large siply by changing the ratio g 3 /g 4 without an increase in the active sensitivities. In addition to this the current ode integrator can be converted to a transipedance type by reoving the output OTA and taking signal fro the Op-ap output. Effects of non-idealities of the integrator The effects of the non-idealities of Op-ap and OTAs on the integrator transfer function are investigated. Considering the non-ideal odels of the Op-ap and OTA given by equations (.58) and (.59), the transfer function of differentiator is given by g Bw pbw s 04 p4 ( + w p ) 3 H int (s) = (.78) g w ss ( + ( w + w ) s+ w w p pb p pb p
13 Aplifiers and Feedback 35 I B I B g I o o g o I o R o I R o3 I B3 I o3 I B4 g 3 o3 g 4 I o4 o4 R 3 Fig..7 OTA-based teperature-insensitive instruentation aplifier with g and g 3, such as the coercially available dual variable OTAs CA380 or LM3600. If the circuit is designed such that g R >>, I B = I B3 or g = g 3, then the analysis of the circuit gives o = g g R R ( ) = I I B B R R ( ) (.87) o4 = g 4 R3 ( g R i ) = I B4 R3 ( 3 I B R i ) (.88) 3 It can be seen fro equations (.87) and (.88) that the voltage gains of instruentation aplifier are electronically tunable by the bias control currents I B and I B4 without disturbing the balance of the circuit. In addition to this the circuit obtains a coon-ode gain of zero without the need of any resistor atching.
14 36 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC.4 COMPARATOR For an OTA to function as a coparator, it has to be worked in the non-linear region of its characteristic. The OTA will basically act as a coparator with current output. The circuit for OTA-based coparator [5] is shown in Fig CC g I o R R o CC Fig..8 OTA-based coparator A coparator is a circuit, which copares input signal with a reference voltage R. Usually, the reference voltage R is applied to non-inverting terinal with a proper load and buffer connected at the output, the OTA behaves like a DCS. With the buffered OTA, the output voltage will switch fro a positive () level to a negative (0) level, as the inverting signal is less than or greater than the reference level. o ( ) = i = R O i R( v) = i = R Fig..9 Transfer characteristic
15 Aplifiers and Feedback 37 For the proper operation, the output current (or voltage across load) should be of constant value I() or () for > R and another constant value I(0) or (0) for < R. The transfer characteristic is shown in Fig..9. The special features of an OTA-based coparator of Fig..9 is that the voltages (0) and () ay be varied siply by varying the bias current I B or the voltage B. Because I o is directly proportional to I B, the change in I B causes the OTA to saturate at different levels of voltages. Thus, different levels of output voltages ay be obtained through bias current control. The bias current liits are set by anufacturer s specifications. + cc g o z D R L R z D Fig..0 OTA-based coparator using claping diodes The zener diodes D and D are used to clap the output of the coparator as shown in Fig..0. As the Zener diodes reduce the switching speed, the technique of bias current control sees to be ore attractive fro the considerations of speed. Also it provides convenient and continuous control of output levels..5 ZERO-CROSSING DETECTORS In the circuit of OTA-based coparator of Fig..8, if R is equal to zero, then the output will change fro one state to another very rapidly, every tie the input passes through zero. Such a configuration is called a zero-crossing detector. In the OTA-based zero-crossing detector, the two extree levels of output can be controlled through the bias current. Soe of the applications of zero-crossing detectors are given below.
16 38 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC.5. Square Wave fro a Sine Wave If the input to a coparator is a sine wave, then the output is a square wave. In case of a zero-crossing detector a syetrical square wave results. The circuit for square wave fro sine wave is shown in Fig..(a). At higher frequencies, the rising and falling edges of the square wave becoe slanted, as with the case of an Op-ap coparator, due to slew rate liitation. In the OTA-based circuit of square wave fro sine wave, the aplitude of square wave can be adjusted through bias control current of OTA. (a) Square wave fro sine wave generator Fig...5. Tiing Marker fro A Sine Wave The square wave output o of circuit of Fig..(b) is applied to the input of an R-C circuit, as shown in Fig... If the tie constant RC is very sall as
17 40 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC I B I o g I B I o o T g R R Fig..3 New current controlled OTA-R Schitt trigger o IB R L ve ( + ) increasing IB R th I R B th IB R ( L ve) decreasing Fig..4 Transfer characteristic of Schitt trigger can note fro the circuit that there is no change until reaches a value equal to T. As begins to exceed this value, a negative voltage appears between the input terinals of first OTA. This voltage is aplified by the first aplifier, which is fored by first OTA and resistor R, and thus, output o goes negative. The second voltage aplifier, fored by second OTA and resistor R, in turn causes T to negative thereby increasing the negative input to first OTA and keeping the
18 4 A Textbook of Operational Transconductance Aplifier and AIC [4] W. Surakapontorn,. Riewruja, K. Kuwachara, C. Surawatpunya, K. Anuntahirunrat,. Teperature insensitive voltage-to-current converter and its applications, IEEE Transaction on Instruentation and Measureent, ol. 48, No. 6, pp , 999. [5] Z. Ansari, Realization and study of soe non-linear circuits using operational transconductance aplifier M.Sc. Engg. Dissertation, A.M.U. Aligarh, India, 984. [6] K. Ki, H.-W.Cha and W.-S. Chung, OTA-R Schitt trigger with independently controllable threshold and output voltage levels, Electronic Letters, ol. 33, No. 3, pp , 997.
A NEW CMOS DIFFERENTIAL OTRA DESIGN FOR THE LOW VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLIES IN THE SUB-MICRON TECHNOLOGIES
A NEW CMOS DIFFERENTIAL OTRA DESIGN FOR THE LOW VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLIES IN THE SUB-MICRON TECHNOLOGIES Alper Duruk 1 Hakan Kuntan 2 e-ail: alper.duruk@st.co e-ail: kuntan@ehb.itu.edu.tr 1 ST Microelectronics
More informationLab 5: Differential Amplifier.
epartent of Electrical and oputer Engineering Fall 1 Lab 5: ifferential plifier. 1. OBJETIVES Explore the operation of differential FET aplifier with resistive and active loads: Measure the coon and differential
More informationExperiment 7: Frequency Modulation and Phase Locked Loops October 11, 2006
Experient 7: Frequency Modulation and Phase ocked oops October 11, 2006 Frequency Modulation Norally, we consider a voltage wave for with a fixed frequency of the for v(t) = V sin(ω c t + θ), (1) where
More informationUNIT I. Operational Amplifiers
UNIT I Operational Amplifiers Operational Amplifier: The operational amplifier is a direct-coupled high gain amplifier. It is a versatile multi-terminal device that can be used to amplify dc as well as
More informationOperational Amplifier as A Black Box
Chapter 8 Operational Amplifier as A Black Box 8. General Considerations 8.2 Op-Amp-Based Circuits 8.3 Nonlinear Functions 8.4 Op-Amp Nonidealities 8.5 Design Examples Chapter Outline CH8 Operational Amplifier
More informationELEC2202 Communications Engineering Laboratory Frequency Modulation (FM)
ELEC Counications Engineering Laboratory ---- Frequency Modulation (FM) 1. Objectives On copletion of this laboratory you will be failiar with: Frequency odulators (FM), Modulation index, Bandwidth, FM
More informationUNIT - II CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS (Line Commutated AC to DC converters) Line Commutated Converter
UNIT - II CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS (Line Coutated AC to DC converters) INTRODUCTION TO CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS Controlled rectifiers are line coutated ac to power converters which are used to convert a fixed
More informationCFTA Based MISO Current-mode Biquad Filter
CFTA Based MISO Current-ode Biquad Filter PEERAWUT SUWANJAN and WINAI JAIKLA Departent of Engineering Education, Faculty of Industrial Education King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabag Chalongkrung
More informationL It indicates that g m is proportional to the k, W/L ratio and ( VGS Vt However, a large V GS reduces the allowable signal swing at the drain.
Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) 3.9 MOSFET as an Aplifier Sall-signal equivalent circuit odels Discussions about the MOSFET transconductance W Forula 1: g = k n ( VGS Vt ) L It indicates that g is proportional
More informationLecture 2: Non-Ideal Amps and Op-Amps
Lecture 2: Non-Ideal Amps and Op-Amps Prof. Ali M. Niknejad Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley Practical Op-Amps Linear Imperfections: Finite open-loop gain (A 0 < ) Finite input resistance
More informationC H A P T E R 02. Operational Amplifiers
C H A P T E R 02 Operational Amplifiers The Op-amp Figure 2.1 Circuit symbol for the op amp. Figure 2.2 The op amp shown connected to dc power supplies. The Ideal Op-amp 1. Infinite input impedance 2.
More informationChapter 2. Operational Amplifiers
Chapter 2. Operational Amplifiers Tong In Oh 1 2.5 Integrators and Differentiators Utilized resistors in the op-amp feedback and feed-in path Ideally independent of frequency Use of capacitors together
More informationUniversità degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica. Analogue Electronics. Paolo Colantonio A.A.
Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettronica Analogue Electronics Paolo Colantonio A.A. 2056 Operational amplifiers (op amps) Operational amplifiers (op amps) are among
More informationA 1.2V rail-to-rail 100MHz amplifier.
University of Michigan, EECS413 Final project. A 1.2V rail-to-rail 100MHz aplifier. 1 A 1.2V rail-to-rail 100MHz aplifier. Mark Ferriss, Junghwan Han, Joshua Jaeyoung Kang, University of Michigan. Abstract
More informationV is the differential mode input voltage. g
ICCS2005 CMOS Single-Supply Op-p Design For Hearing id pplication Soon-Suck Jarng*, Lingfen Chen **, You-Jung Kwon * * Departent of Inforation Control & Instruentation, Chosun University, Gwang-Ju, Korea
More informationA Novel Low Power UWB Cascode SiGe BiCMOS LNA with Current Reuse and Zero-Pole Cancellation
A Novel Low Power UWB Cascode SiGe BiCMOS LNA with Current Reuse and Zero-Pole Cancellation Chunbao Ding, Wanrong Zhang, Dongyue Jin, Hongyun Xie, Pei Shen, Liang Chen, School of Electronic Inforation
More information] (1) Problem 1. University of California, Berkeley Fall 2010 EE142, Problem Set #9 Solutions Prof. Jan Rabaey
University of California, Berkeley Fall 00 EE4, Proble Set #9 Solutions Ain Arbabian Prof. Jan Rabaey Proble Since the ixer is a down-conversion type with low side injection f LO 700 MHz and f RF f IF
More informationHomework Assignment 03
Homework Assignment 03 Question 1 (Short Takes), 2 points each unless otherwise noted. 1. Two 0.68 μf capacitors are connected in series across a 10 khz sine wave signal source. The total capacitive reactance
More informationAccuBridge TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DC CURRENT COMPARATOR RATIO STANDARD
AccuBridge TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF A DC CURRENT COMPARATOR RATO TANDARD Duane Brown,Andrew Wachowicz, Dr. hiping Huang 3 Measureents nternational, Prescott Canada duanebrown@intl.co, Measureents nternational,
More informationPhysics 303 Fall Module 4: The Operational Amplifier
Module 4: The Operational Amplifier Operational Amplifiers: General Introduction In the laboratory, analog signals (that is to say continuously variable, not discrete signals) often require amplification.
More informationClamping of Switch Peak Voltage with Diode and Transformer at Output of Class E Amplifier for Renewable Energy Applications
adashi Suetsugu et al., Vol.3, No., 013 Claping of Switch Peak Voltage with Diode and ransforer at Output of Class E Aplifier for enewable Energy Applications adashi Suetsugu*, Xiuqin Wei * *Departent
More informationA simple charge sensitive preamplifier for experiments with a small number of detector channels
A siple charge sensitive preaplifier for experients with a sall nuber of detector channels laudio Arnaboldi and Gianluigi Pessina Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Università degli Studi di
More informationDESIGN OF TWO-STAGE CLASS AB CASCODE OP-AMP WITH IMPROVED GAIN
DESIGN OF TWO-STAGE CLASS AB CASCODE OP-AMP WITH IMPROVED GAIN 1 B.Hinduja, 2 Dr.G.V. Maha Lakshmi 1 PG Scholar, 2 Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Sreenidhi Institute
More informationVoltage-Mode Universal Biquad Filter Employing Single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier
Circuits and Systes, 3,, -8 http://dx.doi.org/.36/cs.3.8 Published Onle January 3 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/cs) oltage-mode Universal Biquad Filter Eployg Sgle oltage Differencg Differential Input
More informationLecture 36: MOSFET Common Drain (Source Follower) Amplifier.
Whites, EE 320 Lecture 36 Page 1 of 11 Lecture 36: MOSFET Coon Drain (Source Follower) Aplifier. The third, and last, discrete-for MOSFET aplifier we ll consider in this course is the coon drain aplifier.
More informationLesson number one. Operational Amplifier Basics
What About Lesson number one Operational Amplifier Basics As well as resistors and capacitors, Operational Amplifiers, or Op-amps as they are more commonly called, are one of the basic building blocks
More informationAnalog Electronic Circuits Code: EE-305-F
Analog Electronic Circuits Code: EE-305-F 1 INTRODUCTION Usually Called Op Amps Section -C Operational Amplifier An amplifier is a device that accepts a varying input signal and produces a similar output
More informationEE LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS & APPLICATIONS
UNITII CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAMP 1. What is an opamp? List its functions. The opamp is a multi terminal device, which internally is quite complex. It is a direct coupled high gain amplifier consisting of
More informationApplied Electronics II
Applied Electronics II Chapter 3: Operational Amplifier Part 1- Op Amp Basics School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa Institute of Technology Addis Ababa University Daniel D./Getachew
More informationBasic Information of Operational Amplifiers
EC1254 Linear Integrated Circuits Unit I: Part - II Basic Information of Operational Amplifiers Mr. V. VAITHIANATHAN, M.Tech (PhD) Assistant Professor, ECE Department Objectives of this presentation To
More informationLOW COST PRODUCTION PHASE NOISE MEASUREMENTS ON MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETRE WAVE FREQUENCY SOURCES
Page 1 of 10 LOW COST PRODUCTION PHASE NOISE MEASUREMENTS ON MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETRE WAVE FREQUENCY SOURCES Hugh McPherson Spectral Line Systes Ltd, Units 1,2&3 Scott Road, Tarbert, Isle of Harris. www.spectral-line-systes.co.uk
More informationGechstudentszone.wordpress.com
8.1 Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) UNIT 8: Operational Amplifier An operational amplifier ("op-amp") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended
More informationEKT 314 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION
EKT 314 ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION Elektronik Instrumentasi Semester 2 2012/2013 Chapter 3 Analog Signal Conditioning Session 2 Mr. Fazrul Faiz Zakaria school of computer and communication engineering.
More informationSpecial-Purpose Operational Amplifier Circuits
Special-Purpose Operational Amplifier Circuits Instrumentation Amplifier An instrumentation amplifier (IA) is a differential voltagegain device that amplifies the difference between the voltages existing
More informationSecondary-side-only Simultaneous Power and Efficiency Control in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System
069060 Secondary-side-only Siultaneous Power and Efficiency Control in Dynaic Wireless Power Transfer Syste 6 Giorgio ovison ) Daita Kobayashi ) Takehiro Iura ) Yoichi Hori ) ) The University of Tokyo,
More informationA HIGH POWER FACTOR THREE-PHASE RECTIFIER BASED ON ADAPTIVE CURRENT INJECTION APPLYING BUCK CONVERTER
9th International onference on Power Electronics Motion ontrol - EPE-PEM Košice A HIGH POWER FATOR THREE-PHASE RETIFIER BASE ON AAPTIVE URRENT INJETION APPYING BUK ONVERTER Žarko Ja, Predrag Pejović EE
More informationEXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF SINUSOIDAL APPROXIMATION IN ANALYSIS OF THREE-PHASE TWELVE-PULSE OUTPUT VOLTAGE TYPE RECTIFIERS
th INTERNATIONAL SYPOSIU on POWER ELECTRONICS - Ee 9 XV eđunarodni sipoziju Energetska elektronika Ee 9 NOVI SAD, REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, October 8 th - th, 9 EXPERIENTAL VERIFICATION OF SINUSOIDAL APPROXIATION
More informationChapter 12 Opertational Amplifier Circuits
1 Chapter 12 Opertational Amplifier Circuits Learning Objectives 1) The design and analysis of the two basic CMOS op-amp architectures: the two-stage circuit and the single-stage, folded cascode circuit.
More informationIgnition and monitoring technique for plasma processing of multicell superconducting radio frequency cavities
Ignition and onitoring technique for plasa processing of ulticell superconducting radio frequency cavities Marc Doleans Oak Ridge ational Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 3783, USA E ail: doleans@ornl.gov
More informationA new class AB folded-cascode operational amplifier
A new class AB folded-cascode operational amplifier Mohammad Yavari a) Integrated Circuits Design Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran a) myavari@aut.ac.ir
More informationOperational amplifiers
Operational amplifiers Bởi: Sy Hien Dinh INTRODUCTION Having learned the basic laws and theorems for circuit analysis, we are now ready to study an active circuit element of paramount importance: the operational
More informationOscillators. An oscillator may be described as a source of alternating voltage. It is different than amplifier.
Oscillators An oscillator may be described as a source of alternating voltage. It is different than amplifier. An amplifier delivers an output signal whose waveform corresponds to the input signal but
More informationVoltage-mode OTA-based active-c universal filter and its transformation into CFA-based RC-filter
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 44, May 006, pp. 40-406 Voltage-mode OTA-based active-c universal filter and its transformation into CFA-based RC-filter N A Shah & M F Rather Department of
More informationOperational Amplifiers (Op Amps)
Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) Introduction * An operational amplifier is modeled as a voltage controlled voltage source. * An operational amplifier has a very high input impedance and a very high gain.
More informationECEN 474/704 Lab 7: Operational Transconductance Amplifiers
ECEN 474/704 Lab 7: Operational Transconductance Amplifiers Objective Design, simulate and layout an operational transconductance amplifier. Introduction The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)
More informationANALOGUE & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
1 ANALOGUE & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Syed M. Zafi S. Shah & Uair Mujtaba Qureshi Lectures 5-6: Aplitude Modulation Part 1 Todays topics Recap of Advantages of Modulation Analog Modulation Defining Generation
More informationPREDICTING SOUND LEVELS BEHIND BUILDINGS - HOW MANY REFLECTIONS SHOULD I USE? Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK
PREDICTING SOUND LEVELS BEHIND BUILDINGS - HOW MANY REFLECTIONS SHOULD I USE? W Wei A Cooke J Havie-Clark Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead,
More informationLecture 20: Passive Mixers
EECS 142 Lecture 20: Passive Mixers Prof. Ali M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley Copyright c 2005 by Ali M. Niknejad A. M. Niknejad University of California, Berkeley EECS 142 Lecture 20 p.
More informationDigitally Programmable Floating Impedance Converter using CMOS-DVCC
nternational Journal of oputer Applications (975 8887) olue 66 o.7, March 3 Digitally Prograable Floating pedance onverter using MOSD Ahed M. ahhas Departent of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering
More informationPower Improvement in 64-Bit Full Adder Using Embedded Technologies Er. Arun Gandhi 1, Dr. Rahul Malhotra 2, Er. Kulbhushan Singla 3
Power Iproveent in 64-Bit Full Adder Using Ebedded Technologies Er. Arun Gandhi 1, Dr. Rahul Malhotra 2, Er. Kulbhushan Singla 3 1 Departent of ECE, GTBKIET, Chhapianwali Malout, Punjab 2 Director, Principal,
More informationSingle Stage Amplifier
CHAPTE 3 Sle Stae Aplifier Analo IC Analysis and esin 3- Chih-Chen Hsieh Outle. Coon-Source Aplifier. Coon-Source Ap with Source eeneration 3. Coon-ra Aplifier 4. Coon-Gate Aplifier 5. Cascode Aplifier
More informationLecture 34: MOSFET Common Gate Amplifier.
Whites, EE 320 Lecture 34 Page 1 of 10 Lecture 34: MOSFET Coon Gate Aplifier. We ll continue our discussion of discrete MOSFET aplifiers we began with the coon source aplifier in Lectures 31 and 32. Here
More informationRadivoje Đurić, 2015, Analogna Integrisana Kola 1
OTA-output buffer 1 According to the types of loads, the driving capability of the output stages differs. For switched capacitor circuits which have high impedance capacitive loads, class A output stage
More informationLecture 17. Small AC Signal Model of FET. Wednesday 6/12/2017 FET Small AC Signal Model 1-1
Lecture 17 Sall AC Signal Model of FET Wednesday 6/12/2017 FET Sall AC Signal Model 1-1 Outline Sall AC Signal Equivalent Circuits for FETs Aplifier Circuits Exaples Introduction to Power Electronics Power
More informationECEN 325 Lab 5: Operational Amplifiers Part III
ECEN Lab : Operational Amplifiers Part III Objectives The purpose of the lab is to study some of the opamp configurations commonly found in practical applications and also investigate the non-idealities
More informationDesigning a fully integrated low noise Tunable-Q Active Inductor for RF applications
Designing a fully integrated low noise Tunable-Q Active Inductor for RF applications M. Ikram Malek, Suman Saini National Institute of technology, Kurukshetra Kurukshetra, India Abstract Many architectures
More informationCMOS Operational-Amplifier
CMOS Operational-Amplifier 1 What will we learn in this course How to design a good OP Amp. Basic building blocks Biasing and Loading Swings and Bandwidth CH2(8) Operational Amplifier as A Black Box Copyright
More informationANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Fourth Edition PAUL R. GRAY University of California, Berkeley PAUL J. HURST University of California, Davis STEPHEN H. LEWIS University of California,
More informationAbout the Tutorial. Audience. Prerequisites. Copyright & Disclaimer. Linear Integrated Circuits Applications
About the Tutorial Linear Integrated Circuits are solid state analog devices that can operate over a continuous range of input signals. Theoretically, they are characterized by an infinite number of operating
More informationChapter 13 Oscillators and Data Converters
Chapter 13 Oscillators and Data Converters 13.1 General Considerations 13.2 Ring Oscillators 13.3 LC Oscillators 13.4 Phase Shift Oscillator 13.5 Wien-Bridge Oscillator 13.6 Crystal Oscillators 13.7 Chapter
More informationLM13700 Dual Operational Transconductance Amplifiers with Linearizing Diodes and Buffers
LM13700 Dual Operational Transconductance Amplifiers with Linearizing Diodes and Buffers General Description The LM13700 series consists of two current controlled transconductance amplifiers, each with
More informationOperational Amplifiers
Monolithic Amplifier Circuits: Operational Amplifiers Chapter 1 Jón Tómas Guðmundsson tumi@hi.is 1. Week Fall 2010 1 Introduction Operational amplifiers (op amps) are an integral part of many analog and
More informationDifference between BJTs and FETs. Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFET)
Difference between BJTs and FETs Transistors can be categorized according to their structure, and two of the more commonly known transistor structures, are the BJT and FET. The comparison between BJTs
More informationLM13600 Dual Operational Transconductance Amplifiers with Linearizing Diodes and Buffers
LM13600 Dual Operational Transconductance Amplifiers with Linearizing Diodes and Buffers General Description The LM13600 series consists of two current controlled transconductance amplifiers each with
More informationA Novel Frequency Independent Simultaneous Matching Technique for Power Gain and Linearity in BJT amplifiers
A Novel requency Independent iultaneous Matching Technique for Power Gain and Linearity in BJT aplifiers Mark P. van der Heijden, Henk. de Graaff, Leo. N. de Vreede Laboratory of Electronic oponents, Technology
More informationSystem on a Chip. Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft
System on a Chip Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft Lecture 4: Filters Filters General Theory Continuous Time Filters Background Filters are used to separate signals in the frequency domain, e.g. remove noise, tune
More informationEECE251 Circuit Analysis I Set 5: Operational Amplifiers
EECE251 Circuit Analysis I Set 5: Operational Amplifiers Shahriar Mirabbasi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia shahriar@ece.ubc.ca 1 Amplifiers There are various
More information1) Consider the circuit shown in figure below. Compute the output waveform for an input of 5kHz
) Consider the circuit shown in figure below. Compute the output waveform for an input of 5kHz Solution: a) Input is of constant amplitude of 2 V from 0 to 0. ms and 2 V from 0. ms to 0.2 ms. The output
More informationImplementation of Adaptive Viterbi Decoder
Ipleentation of Adaptive Viterbi Decoder Devendra Made #1 VIII Se B.E.(Etrx) K.D.K.College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra(I) Asst. Prof. R.B. Khule *2 M.Tech V.L.S.I. K.D.K.College of Engineering,
More informationOPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER PREPARED BY, PROF. CHIRAG H. RAVAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR NIRMA UNIVRSITY
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER PREPARED BY, PROF. CHIRAG H. RAVAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR NIRMA UNIVRSITY INTRODUCTION Op-Amp means Operational Amplifier. Operational stands for mathematical operation like addition,
More informationCMOS Cascode Transconductance Amplifier
CMOS Cascode Transconductance Amplifier Basic topology. 5 V I SUP v s V G2 M 2 iout C L v OUT Device Data V Tn = 1 V V Tp = 1 V µ n C ox = 50 µa/v 2 µ p C ox = 25 µa/v 2 λ n = 0.05 V 1 λ p = 0.02 V 1 @
More informationChapter 5. Operational Amplifiers and Source Followers. 5.1 Operational Amplifier
Chapter 5 Operational Amplifiers and Source Followers 5.1 Operational Amplifier In single ended operation the output is measured with respect to a fixed potential, usually ground, whereas in double-ended
More informationA Novel Control Scheme to Reduce Storage Capacitor of Flyback PFC Converter
International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Vol. 4, No., April 6 A Novel Control Schee to Reduce Storage Capacitor of Flyback PFC Converter Boyang Chen and Lei Li College of Autoation,
More informationChapter 9: Operational Amplifiers
Chapter 9: Operational Amplifiers The Operational Amplifier (or op-amp) is the ideal, simple amplifier. It is an integrated circuit (IC). An IC contains many discrete components (resistors, capacitors,
More informationAN1623 APPLICATION NOTE
PNCPLE OF OPEATON This technical note shows how it is possible to calculate the current and voltage precisn in the regulatn loop of the TSM0. The TSM0 is a highly integrated solutn for SMPS applicatns
More information(in Hz) at this bias condition. (in Hz) if the bias current is doubled. C in. 50k
Proble bipolar transistor is biased so that I 05, and at this bias and pf 2 F 75 0 a) Fd the frequency The transistor s low-frequency alue of is 00 It is also gien that ( Hz) at this bias condition 5pF
More informationExperiment #7 MOSFET Dynamic Circuits II
Experiment #7 MOSFET Dynamic Circuits II Jonathan Roderick Introduction The previous experiment introduced the canonic cells for MOSFETs. The small signal model was presented and was used to discuss the
More informationHomework Assignment 06
Question 1 (2 points each unless noted otherwise) Homework Assignment 06 1. True or false: when transforming a circuit s diagram to a diagram of its small-signal model, we replace dc constant current sources
More informationDMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC8453 - LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Question Bank (II-ECE) UNIT I BASICS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS PART A 1.Mention the
More informationUNIT- IV ELECTRONICS
UNIT- IV ELECTRONICS INTRODUCTION An operational amplifier or OP-AMP is a DC-coupled voltage amplifier with a very high voltage gain. Op-amp is basically a multistage amplifier in which a number of amplifier
More informationQ1. Explain the Astable Operation of multivibrator using 555 Timer IC.
Q1. Explain the Astable Operation of multivibrator using 555 Timer I. Answer: The following figure shows the 555 Timer connected for astable operation. A V PIN 8 PIN 7 B 5K PIN6 - S Q 5K PIN2 - Q PIN3
More informationIndex. Small-Signal Models, 14 saturation current, 3, 5 Transistor Cutoff Frequency, 18 transconductance, 16, 22 transit time, 10
Index A absolute value, 308 additional pole, 271 analog multiplier, 190 B BiCMOS,107 Bode plot, 266 base-emitter voltage, 16, 50 base-emitter voltages, 296 bias current, 111, 124, 133, 137, 166, 185 bipolar
More informationGeneral Smith Chart Matching
General Sith Chart Matching Table of Contents I. General Ipedance Matching II. Ipedance Transforation for Power Aplifiers III. Ipedance Matching with a Sith Chart IV. Inputs V. Network Eleents VI. S-Paraeter
More informationEE301 Electronics I , Fall
EE301 Electronics I 2018-2019, Fall 1. Introduction to Microelectronics (1 Week/3 Hrs.) Introduction, Historical Background, Basic Consepts 2. Rewiev of Semiconductors (1 Week/3 Hrs.) Semiconductor materials
More informationLM13700 Dual Operational Transconductance Amplifiers with Linearizing Diodes and Buffers
LM13700 Dual Operational Transconductance Amplifiers with Linearizing Diodes and Buffers General Description The LM13700 series consists of two current controlled transconductance amplifiers, each with
More informationCMOS Operational-Amplifier
CMOS Operational-Amplifier 1 What will we learn in this course How to design a good OP Amp. Basic building blocks Biasing and Loading Swings and Bandwidth CH2(8) Operational Amplifier as A Black Box Copyright
More informationIFB270 Advanced Electronic Circuits
IFB270 Advanced Electronic Circuits Chapter 13: Basic op-amp circuits Prof. Manar Mohaisen Department of EEC Engineering Introduction Review of the Precedent Lecture Op-amp operation modes and parameters
More informationChapter 6. POWER AMPLIFIERS
hapter 6. OWER AMFERS An aplifying syste usually has several cascaded stages. The input and interediate stages are sall signal aplifiers. Their function is only to aplify the input signal to a suitable
More informationBoris Krnic Nov 15, ECE 1352F. Phase Noise of VCOs
Boris Krnic Nov 15, 93 187 13 ECE 135F Phase Noise of VCOs. ABSTRACT The ain purpose of this paper is to present siplified first order noise analysis techniques as applied to ring VCOs. The scarcity of
More informationINTEGRATED CIRCUITS. AN109 Microprocessor-compatible DACs Dec
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 1988 Dec DAC products are designed to convert a digital code to an analog signal. Since a common source of digital signals is the data bus of a microprocessor, DAC circuits that are
More information4.2.2 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
4.2.2 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) The Metal Oxide Semitonductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has two modes of operation, the depletion mode, and the enhancement mode.
More informationIsolation System with Wireless Power Transfer for Multiple Gate Driver Supplies of a Medium Voltage Inverter
Isolation Syste with Wireless Power Transfer for Multiple Gate Driver Supplies of a Mediu Voltage Inverter Keisuke Kusaka, Koji Orikawa and Jun-ichi Itoh Dept. of Energy and Environental Nagaoka University
More informationExploring the Electron Tunneling Behavior of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) tip and n-type Semiconductor
Page 110 Exploring the of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) tip and n-type Seiconductor M. A. Rahan * and J. U. Ahed Departent of Applied Physics, Electronics & Counication Engineering, University of
More informationDesign and Development Considerations of Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator (VCXO) Networks
Design and Developent Considerations of Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator (VCXO) Networks David Green & Tony Scalpi, Cypress Seiconductor Corporation 2003 1.0 Overview The concept of placing piezoelectric
More informationFull Paper ACEEE Int. J. on Control System and Instrumentation, Vol. 4, No. 2, June 2013
ACEEE Int J on Control System and Instrumentation, Vol 4, No 2, June 2013 Analys and Design of CMOS Source Followers and Super Source Follower Mr D K Shedge 1, Mr D A Itole 2, Mr M P Gajare 3, and Dr P
More informationAN174 Applications for compandors SA570/571 SA571
RF COMMUNICATIONS PRODUCTS Applications for compandors SA570/571 SA571 1997 Aug 20 Philips Semiconductors APPLICATIONS The following circuits will illustrate some of the wide variety of applications for
More informationLUENBERGER ALGORITHM BASED HARMONICS ESTIMATOR FOR FRONT END RECTIFIER AND PWM-VSI
LUENBERGER ALGORITHM BASED HARMONICS ESTIMATOR FOR FRONT END RECTIFIER AND PWM-VSI P Ajay-D-Vial Raj R.Sundaraurthy S Jeevananthan M.Sudhakaran Departent of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry
More informationChapter 10: The Operational Amplifiers
Chapter 10: The Operational Amplifiers Electronic Devices Operational Amplifiers (op-amp) Op-amp is an electronic device that amplify the difference of voltage at its two inputs. It has two input terminals,
More informationNEW CFOA-BASED GROUNDED-CAPACITOR SINGLE-ELEMENT-CONTROLLED
Active and Passive Elec. Comp., 1997, Vol. 20, pp. 19-124 Reprints available directly from the publisher Photocopying permitted by license only (C) 1997 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) Amsterdam
More informationAssignment 11. 1) Using the LM741 op-amp IC a circuit is designed as shown, then find the output waveform for an input of 5kHz
Assignment 11 1) Using the LM741 op-amp IC a circuit is designed as shown, then find the output waveform for an input of 5kHz Vo = 1 x R1Cf 0 Vin t dt, voltage output for the op amp integrator 0.1 m 1
More information