Kaukokartoitus ympäristön tilan seurannassa. Remote sensing for environmental monitoring

Transcription

1 Kaukokartoitus ympäristön tilan seurannassa Remote sensing for environmental monitoring Arto Vuorela 1 Contents Traditional applications, governmental activities etc. for environmental monitoring New or existing but possibly unrecognized satellite instruments Open your eyes! Terrestrial and other remote sensing instruments. 2 1

2 Traditional apps SYKE, METLA, FMI & others Chlorophyll a, Sea Surface Temperature, Sea ice service, National Forest Inventory, meteorology, active forest fires (now also with MODIS) or burnt areas, national mapping, timber volume estimation, hydrology EEA, CORINE Land Cover GMES Service Element; portfolio of services Land Cover change, forests, coastal areas, hazards/risks, etc. 3 Forest monitoring (Swe/Fin) Notifications are made before cutting, but not all are felled Monitoring of cutting activities and regeneration Clear cut mapping in large areas with pairwise scenes would be time consuming. Mosaicing significally reduces the work between two mosaics compared to pairwise per scenes. Metadata for each pixel enables labeling each object with the dates between which the cutting was performed. METRIA / A. Davidsson

3 Logging rules violations Exceeding of allowable size (5, 8) standard 50 ha, actual size 57 ha Wrong direction of clearcut (4, 5, 8, 9, 12) Part of area isn't cut (4, 5, 9) Wrong clearcuts adjoinment (4, 5, 8, 9, 12) from Tsentrlesproekt, Moscow. ScanEx Pan change detection: SPOT & New built up 6 3

4 Remote Sensing? Even professionals may say: We don t do remote sensing, but aerial imaging only. (Kaukokartoitusselvitys 2005) Some say: Remote sensing is becoming part of the sensor networks. Then well, what other RS sensors are there in the palette and scale from satellite to microscope? Spaceborne, various airborne, imaging from masts, terrestrial measurements 7 Landsat 5 & 7 status Landsat 5 images received in Italy, up till row 15 (!) in Finland. But USGS seems to downlink them. Battery problems being solved now... In Kiruna, some Landsat 5 images are received in Summer season, quality reasonable. Landsat 7 images not received in Europe, downlinking in USA Landsat 7 Scan Line Corrector is broken. USGS EDC offers corrected products Cheap Mosaic of many images needs cloud free images temporally close US Government has decided Landsat type satellite system to be necessary. Landsat 8 launched in perhaps

5 IRS-P6 AWiFS m resolution 10-bit 4 bands G, R, NIR, SWIR Large area Better than Landsat MSS Other instruments LISS-IV mono (5m), LISS III (20m) IRS-P6 to be used more now 9 10 QuickBird 0.6 m color image Praha DigitalGlobe, Eurimage 5

6 Ikonos 1 m colour, Kaalamo, Russia Geoeye, The first and only highresolution satellite with a daily revisit capability, in its coverage area only. 2 m Pan 8 m (4 bands: NIR, R, G, B) 24 km x 24 km 12 6

7 1 m Pan 4 m MS 15 x 15 km 13 OrbView 3 1 m. 4 m multispectral Not acquired simultaneously Swath width 8 km Manhattan & Brooklyn Bridge, Courtesy of Orbimage 1m pan sharpened OrbView

8 ALOS PRISM (Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping ) Along track stereo m Resolution 2.5 m Swath width km depending on mode AVNIR 2 (Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2) Multispectral, pointing capability Wavelengths: band m band m band m band m Resolution 10 m (nadir) Swath 70 km PALSAR (Phased Array type L band Synthetic Aperture Radar ) 15 WorldView 1 since October cm Pan The smallest commercial pixel size 16 8

9 TerraSAR X 1 m High Resolution Spotlight Mode polarisation: HH 17 DLR / Infoterra GmbH Upcoming RADARSAT 2, soon OrbView 5: early 2007, 0.41 meter panchromatic and 1.64 meter multispectral WorldView 2: pan 0.45 m & 8 multispectral bands 1.8 m EnMap hyperspectral Etc. but we ll wait and see! 18 9

10 Subsidence map of Turku from spaceborne SAR Blue targets subsiding Yellow ones average, stable Red ones risen 19 FGI Laser scanning and data handling Point cloud preprocessing and classifications Extracting the amount of stones from scanner data Producing a coded surface or elevation model Quality control 20 10

11 Laser scanning applications Forestry applications: volume, growth, crown density, individual tree (crown) identification, Factory structures and devices 3D modelling planning the upgrading document updating maintenance systems Measuring and modelling large and complex structures Subsurface spaces 3D modelling Building facades, inside spaces Etc. 21 Airborne Ship installations Terrestrial 22 Andre Samberg / AVAPROedu 11

12 Airborne ALF Mk III FLS AM Main wavelength(s) 266 nm 308 nm Pulse energy 20 mj (7 ns) 150 (20 ns) Pulse repetition rate Fixed 50 Hz adjustable Hz Scanning mode Yes, down looking spot wise profiling Yes, nadir off across track Optional 360 nm, 460 nm No wavelengths Spectral detection range for 308/360 nm nm for 460 nm Spectral bands averaged Bandwidth not applicable 0.6 nm Flight altitude 80 m m Carrying platform fixed wing fixed wing rotary wing Level of readiness suspended /not in operation commercial and operating Country Australia Estonia/Canada Qty 1 3 (+2) Adopted from The state of the art of airborne laser systems for oil mapping by Andre Samberg in the Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2007, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp Practical examples in the nearby areas The Border Guard of Estonia has signed the contract for procurement of the customized airborne FLS A system which will serve as a payload of rescue helicopter and patrol airplane to detect oil pollution in Estonian coastal waters. ( Referring to the decision by HELCOM BSAP TASK FORCE 5/2007, Estonia was requested to submit further information on the development of new innovative and cost effective, integrated surveillance sensors permitting fast and reliable identification of pollutant on the sea surface as well as in the water column, e.g. light detection and ranging technologies (see Minutes of HELCOM BSAP TASK FORCE 5/2007, Annex 5, footnote 16 on page 28). ( HELCOM BSAP Task Force 6/2007, AdHoc Task Force for HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan, 6th Meeting in Helsinki) 24 Andre Samberg / AVAPROedu 12

13 Gas emission mapping Not integrating from whole path but sampling from a few m distance at a time. 25 Spectrasyne Ltd. FIRST Imaging FT IRspectrometer E.g. gas identification 26 13

14 Finnish AISA spectrometer Spectral ranges as two separate instruments due to technical reasons No service provider in Finland VNIR (Eagle) SWIR (Hawk) 27 Environmental analysis with airborne hyperspectral imaging Mineral & material identification Vegetation stress (seepage waters, dustiness, deseases, lack of nutrients, too little or too much water) Surface water quality Combine with laser scanning Find trails, etc

15 Micro Hyperspec 350/ nm, nm Lightweight for UAVs 29 headwallphotonics.com Finding the searched spectra, here blue tarpaulin Here through the broken barn roof 30 spacecomputer.com 15

16 UAVs High flying HALE UAV Airships (flying high or at the end of line) Small ones, low altitude Autonomy 31 Conclusions There s a multitude of instruments for environmental monitoring Don t forget them and their possibilities Also, use & combine new instruments and approaches Spectra is strong. But spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal resolution any of them may go hyper 32 16