A CONCEPT FOR NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE MONITORING BASED ON NEW HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES

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1 A CONCEPT FOR NATURAL GAS TRANSMISSION PIPELINE MONITORING BASED ON NEW HIGH-RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES Werner Zirnig - Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft Dieter Hausamann - DLR German Aerospace Center Gunter Schreier - Definiens Imaging GmbH

2 Ruhrgas AG, Germany Ø Germany s leading gas merchant company. Ø Gas sendout of 50 billion m³/a. Ø Pipeline system of 11,000 km. The Ruhrgas Pipeline System The European Pipeline Network

3 DLR, German Aerospace Center Germany s aerospace research center and space agency with 4,700 employees in 35 research units at 8 sites. Major competence fields: Remote sensing, Earth observation, Communication and Navigation, Robotics, Space research with manned and unmanned missions.

4 Definiens Imaging, Germany Provides a set of software solutions to create real world intelligence. Its major software product ecognition is used to classify all kinds of images in applications where high-resolution and object analysis are of importance.

5 Overview The Monitoring Tasks of Pipeline Operators Remote Sensing Systems for Pipeline Monitoring Object Oriented Image Processing Approach The Growing Fleet of High-Resolution Satellites The System Concept PRESENSE A Step Forward to Satellite- Supported Pipeline Monitoring

6 The Monitoring Tasks of Pipeline Operators Detect along the pipeline route : Construction Work Earth Movement & Excavation Laying of Pipes, Cables, etc. Erection of Buildings Soil Upheaval, Erosion Water-logged Surfaces Pipeline Right-of-Way in a Suburban Area Planting of Shrubs & Trees Discolouring of Vegetation

7 Suitability of Remote Sensing Systems for Pipeline Monitoring Sensor System Object Recognition Leakage Gas Detection Earth Movement Monitoring LIDAR Thermography ( ) High-resolution Optical System Hyperspectral Sensors ( ) ( ) Imaging SAR Systems Interferometric SAR Microwave Radiometer

8 LIDAR (Light Detecting and Ranging) l off l on DIAL = Differential Absorption Lidar method to messure gas concentrations using infrared absorption (l on ) and reference wavelengths (l off ). Significant bands for methane absorption at 1.6 and 3.3 µm. Transmission Wellenlänge [nm] Detection of very small gas escape below 0.1 m³/hr from distances of up to 300 m seems to be possible.

9 High-Resolution Optical Systems Systems available for any platform. Pipeline Corridor Cars on a Motorway Commercial satellite with image pixel size of 0.6 m launched on 18 October Path width km. Revisit Time < 3 days. Image Taken by the IKONOS Satellite - 1 m panchromatic -

10 SAR Systems (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Radar penetrates clouds, thus imagery is unaffected by weather conditions. 3D-images obtainable to detect ground movement. Airborne systems offer resolution down to 0.5 m, current space-borne systems are at 6 m. Simulation of TerraSAR 1 m Radar Image TerraSAR to be launched by Infoterra in 2005.

11 Hyperspectral Sensors Elements on earth surface show specific absorption characteristics in defined wavelength bands. Reflectance / % 50 gray: yellow: brown: asphalt yellow excavator field/soil green: meadow Wavelength / µm blue: blue car

12 Image Analysis Using ecognition ecognition provides object- oriented image analysis using context information and semantic knowledge networks.

13 The System Concept (1/3): Fusion of High-Resolution Data Optical Imagery Data Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Multispectral Data Data Fusion & Image Processing Using Knowledge Based Object Detection Report to Pipeline Operator

14 The System Concept (2/3): Option of Different Platforms Airborne Sensors High-resolution optical sensors and weather independent SAR systems build the basis of automatic object detection. Infrared laser systems enable remote gas leakage detection. Spaceborne Sensors Commercial optical systems with 0.5 m resolution and 1 m SAR systems available in the near future.

15 The Growing Fleet of Commercial High-Resolution Satellites 1999 IKONOS-2, 1 m pan 1995 Radarsat I, C-Band 8 m 2003 Radarsat II, C-Band 3 m 2000 EROS-A1, 1.8 m pan 2001 Quickbird-2, 0.6 m pan 2002 Cartosat, 1 m pan 2004 Cosmo Skymed, X-Band 1 m 2004 IKONOS-Block II, 0.5 m pan 2005 TerraSAR, L & X- Band 1 m

16 The System Concept (3/3): Fundamental Prerequisites Pipeline position adequately known and available in digital form in a Geographic Information System. Image processing software adjusted to object-oriented change detection in pipeline corridors.

17 GERG EU-Project PRESENSE Pipeline Remote Sensing for Safety and the Environment 17 Partners from 5 European Countries 7 European Gas & Oil Pipeline Operators: Advantica Technologies (on behalf of Transco), BP, Distrigas, Gasunie, Gaz de France, Ruhrgas and Verbundnetz Gas 2 Aerospace Research Centres: NLR and DLR 8 Technology Developers & System Providers: Aerosensing Radarsysteme, BGS, CSI, Definiens, ISS, NPA, TNO, University of Nottingham Duration: 2 ½ years Size: 3.9 million

18 Conclusions (1/3) Global progress in high-resolution remote sensing and image processing enables quantifying the potential for pipeline monitoring.

19 Conclusions (2/3) Correlation of the pipeline operators needs with the possibilities offered by satellite-borne systems will allow targeted discussions with operators of commercial satellites.

20 Conclusions (3/3) Thus, there are good prospects that a satellite-supported pipeline monitoring system may be ready for operational use within this decennium.