TEEB FOR AGRICULTURE & FOOD

Transcription

1 TEEB FOR AGRICULTURE & FOOD SCIENTIFIC AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS REPORT FIRST WRITER S WORKSHOP CAMBRIDGE, UK FEBRUARY 2017 WORKSHOP SUMMARY 1

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE WORKSHOP With thanks t the generus supprt f the New Venture Fund (NVF), the first TEEBAgriFd writers wrkshp t develp the Scientific and Ecnmic Fundatins Reprt was rganized in Cambridge (UK) frm February 2017, and hsted by the UN Envirnment s Wrld Cnservatin Mnitring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) at the David Attenbrugh Building. The wrkshp brught tgether a cre team f 35 experts and researchers wrking n issues related t the ecnmic interdependencies between eclgical, agricultural and human systems. During the curse f the three-day wrkshp, participants reflected and built upn an existing reprt wireframe tward the design and refinement f detailed chapter utlines, identified pprtunities fr chapter linkages, crss-referencing and messaging, and decided n timelines, writing teams and tls fr delivery f a reprt in December WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS Crdinating Lead Authrs (CLAs), each endrsed by the Steering Cmmittee, then delivered presentatins n initial ideas, challenges and surces f evidence fr their respective chapters 1, in rder t develp an verall shared sense f understanding abut the flw, structure and narrative f the reprt as well as critical linkages between chapters. After having wrked thrugh the issues, linkages and challenges fr each chapter and fr the verall thread that ties the reprt narrative tgether, wrking grups f 2-4 peple cnvened t develp and defend chapter utlines t the wider grup, and incrprate feedback. MAIN OUTCOMES 1. Key messages. A well-articulated list f key messages will need t be develped fr each chapter, which will frm the basis fr the final chapter. 2. Glssary. Agreeing n well-defined terms and definitins in advance will be paramunt t ensuring cherence and cnsistency acrss chapters. 3. Scial equity. Cncerns were raised that scial equity and scial dimensins are nt being given adequate attentin in their wn right. Participants agreed that an additinal chapter shuld be created n this tpic, in rder t address issues such as labr, livelihds, wrking cnditins, prperty rights, access and distributin, ethics, gender, etc. 4. Exchange/Discussin Platfrm. Having a tl fr sharing and exchanging ideas and updates was requested in rder fr teams t wrk in parallel. The TEEB Office wuld develp and manage an nline exchange/discussin platfrm fr this purpse. 5. Timelines and 2 nd writers wrkshp. Anntated utlines will be submitted fr review n 7 March, and preliminary drafts will be submitted by mid-may, after which a 2 nd writers wrkshp will be cnvened t assess prgress, gaps, challenges and verlap. 6. Demand fr end-user reprts. Lking beynd the timeline f this reprt, participants argued fr the need t build upn its fundatins and prduce a series f end-user reprts targeting plicymakers, business, farmers and cnsumers. 1 Nte: The numbering f these chapters wuld later change, with the additin f a new chapter n scial equity between chapters 4 and 5. 2

3 OPENING PRESENTATIONS Setting the scene: Alexander Mueller, TEEBAgriFd Study Leader, pened the wrkshp by describing the ratinale and need fr a study that evaluates the (visible and invisible) impacts and dependencies between agriculture and fd systems, human systems and bidiversity and ecsystems, acrss the entire value chain, and including bth scial equity and human health issues. Gvernance and reprt structure: Pavan Sukhdev, TEEB Special Adviser, discussed prject activities, timelines and the management structure f TEEBAgriFd, and presented the verall narrative, structure and flw f the Scientific and Ecnmic Fundatins ( Fundatins ) reprt. The Fundatins reprt: Pushpam Kumar, Fundatins Reprt Directr, addressed sme f the guiding principles and cncerns t be cnsidered during the reprt-writing prcess. OPEN FLOOR Participants raised and debated a number f imprtant issues, including: What will success lk like by the end f 2017? A variety f different respnses t this questin were ffered. Besides the timely and quality delivery f the reprt itself, participants als identified ther pssible metrics f success, including: testing and adpting the evaluatin framewrk, and viewing it as the new rthdxy; designing and prviding a useful tlkit fr the research and academic cmmunity, and ffering a new lens by which all decisin-makers (be it a plicymaker, farmer, CEO r dietician) can evaluate impacts and dependencies; identifying realistic plicy entry pints (e.g. SDG prcess) and thery f change; achieving multi- and trans-disciplinarity and including diverse surces f knwledge; develping the building blcks fr a series f end-user reprts targeting plicy, business, farmers and cnsumers; demnstrating relatability with, and reliance n, ther initiatives, tls and (subsets f) methdlgies that allw them t be a part f a bigger picture and create a multiplier effect; and engagement frm critics and detractrs. Clear bjectives. In rder t realize these utcmes, the bjectives f the initiative need t be clear and embedded in the messaging f this (and subsequent) reprt(s). Fisheries? Marine fisheries are excluded frm the bundaries f agriculture and fd systems, althugh the impacts f agri-fd systems n marine ecsystems must necessarily be within scpe. Scial equity. The imprtance f scial equity was raised, the reasns fr which wuld later frm the basis fr it as an independent chapter (see crss-cutting issues belw). 3

4 Drivers f change. The reprt shuld shed light n tw directins f change: hw changes in the fd system can impact cnsumer behavir, and vice versa. Peer review. There will be an verall review panel fr the reprt as well as chapter review teams, which will underg an impartial selectin prcess, t be apprved and crdinated by a subgrup f Steering Cmmittee members. They need t be engaged early n, and shuld include representatives frm end users, particularly civil sciety and gvernment. CHAPTER PRESENTATIONS & DISCUSSIONS Crdinating Lead Authrs (CLAs), each endrsed by the Steering Cmmittee, then delivered presentatins 2 n initial ideas, challenges and surces f evidence fr their respective chapters 3, in rder t develp an verall shared sense f understanding abut the flw, structure and narrative f the reprt as well as critical linkages between chapters. The bullet pints belw prvide a summary f key issues raised during the discussins. CHAPTER 1: Backgrund, ratinale and bjectives fr TEEBAgriFd and the Fundatins reprt Whetting the appetite. This chapter must d mre than prvide an verview f what has been dne and what we set ut t d; it shuld entice the readers t read n, and set the cntext fr future reprts. Messaging. N nrmative/value/mral statements shuld be made (i.e. gds and bads ). Instead, we shuld let the data and facts paint their wn picture. Our rle is t evaluate prducts, diets, systems, plicy scenaris r accunts within the cntext f the framewrk, i.e. the impacts/externalities being assessed and hw. Which schl f thught? In the debate between less and less farmers (cnslidatin) prducing mre and mre fd (intensificatin) and creating better livelihds fr small farmers, TEEB s rle is simply t imprve understanding abut which impacts and dependencies are unaccunted fr (i.e. ecnmically invisible), why this matters, and the ecnmic and plicy drivers that led t them. CHAPTER 2: TEEBAgriFd in the cntext f related prcesses and the SDGs A writing-plus apprach. In rder t capture the latest develpments, chapter authrs will need t adpt an apprach in which there is cntinuus interactin with plicy prcesses. SDGs. These were identified as a key pprtunity and plicy entry pint fr the prject. TEEBAgriFd can shw cmplexity t be a strength and help explain hw agriculture cuts acrss and ties tgether f the SDGs, nt just in terms f understanding the prblems, but fr designing and implementing slutins as well. 2 Presentatins are available upn request frm the TEEB Office (teeb.agfd@unep.rg). 3 Nte: The numbering f these chapters wuld later change, with the additin f a new chapter n scial equity between chapters 4 and 5. 4

5 SDG 2.4. This is ne f the few indicatrs that tries t measure sustainability, althugh the cmplexity f ding s is underestimated. TEEBAgriFd shuld be linked t this prcess and assist with develping the paradigm shift required behind it. Knwledge. Befre addressing hw infrmatin is used, it is imprtant t cnsider what cunts as infrmatin by identifying different surces f knwledge. Reference was made t IPBES eclgies f knwledge. CHAPTER 3: Overview f tday s agriculture and fd systems Challenge f summarizatin. This chapter was identified as the landing area fr virtually everything that this reprt wuld cver, frm system typlgies and classificatins t management practices and techniques t different levers f change and lck-ins t trends in technlgy, sciety, land use, etc. Mst tpics (with the imprtant exceptin f health, cvered in the fllwing chapter) wuld be intrduced here, but require mre fleshing ut in their respective chapters. Aviding slutins. This chapter shuld paint a brad picture f where we stand tday and why, but avid prmting slutins r prescribing recmmendatins (e.g. efficiency and urban agriculture). Which systems? A distinctin was made between fd and farming systems. Cautin was given abut defining systems (e.g. cnventinal vs traditinal), since mst systems are hybrid/mixed/diversified and exist alng a cntinuum; rigid definitins may als pse a challenge fr prviding examples in Chapter 8. Als, different farming systems have different magnitude and extent f impacts, fr example n land degradatin. Lck-ins and feedback lps. These shuld be summarized in a bx, fr instance using the example f sybean prductin in Argentina. Reference was made t the 8 lck-ins described in the ipes-fd reprt Frm Unifrmity t Diversity 4. CHAPTER 4: Farming systems, fd and nutritinal security and human health Invisibility f health impacts. Participants discussed the reasns fr pulling health and nutritin ut f the framewrk as a standalne chapter, when the same culd equally be dne fr envirnmental impacts, climate and scial equity (see last pint). Overall, the invisibility and lack f awareness abut significant health impacts frm agriculture was given as the justificatin. Dughnut ecnmics. Reference was made t Kate Rawrth s dughnut f scial and planetary bundaries 5. Diets. A pint was made t emphasize healthy, nutritius and lw-carbn diets, as well as health-prmting and nutritin-sensitive fd prductin. Diets have als been adapted t lcal and reginal znes and will nt suit elsewhere (e.g. a Mediterranean diet in the Arctic). Fd lss and fd waste. These tw terms shuld be differentiated, the frmer mre prevalent in develping cuntries, and the latter in develped. Mental health. Mental health, bth fr prducers and cnsumers, was highlighted as an imprtant issue

6 Typlgies. The ipes-fd reprt n health externalities has develped a typlgy f five interactins (pathways) between agriculture and health, including ccupatinal health, envirnmental cntaminatin, pathgenic envirnment, unhealthy dietary patterns, and insufficient diets, which might be useful fr structuring ideas and addressing plitical ecnmies. Anther brader example was given, in which prductin systems, fd supply, and agriculture sectr were displayed against sciecnmic/envirnmental determinants as well as health utcmes. DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Respnse) was suggested as yet anther way t structure the chapter. Examples/scenaris. A number f examples were given t help illustrate certain pints, e.g. investing the savings frm medical csts f healthier peple int the necessary adjustments; the effect f cnvenience (e.g. sda vs. milk); and increasing prductivity t imprve quality f fd. CHAPTER 5: Systems thinking fr agri-fd systems, and the need fr a universal and cmprehensive valuatin framewrk A transitin chapter. This chapter is determined t be the bridge between the descriptive (perating in sils) and prescriptive (intercnnected systems thinking) cmpnents f the reprt. Bundaries, scale, inputs and utputs. Defining bundaries becmes imprtant when thinking abut what is internal and external t systems, as well as whether t cnsider things as inputs r utputs. Participants debated whether FHI360 s apprach f adjacencies (e.g. energy water, health, educatin, trade sectrs), as well as ther framewrks (e.g. dughnut ecnmy, F-E-W nexus, scial-envirnmental systems) culd be adpted. Mre attentin culd be paid t spatial dimensins and scale (challenging beynd farm gate), and systems dynamics and resilience. Framing/messaging. This chapter shuld nt yet link t plicies and decisins, but explain why valuatin requires a systems perspective and such an apprach needs t be clearly laid ut. It shuld als set ut the questins t be answered in the subsequent chapters. CHAPTER 6: Elements f the TEEBAgriFd valuatin framewrk The what f the evaluatin framewrk. This chapter will explre the rws and clumns f the framewrk, with attentin t ecnmic, envirnmental and scial factrs, plurality f values, wrking at multiple scales, and achieving universality. It will help create a paradigm shift in which partial assessments that answer specific questins will be seen within the brader cntext. It will be imprtant t distinguish between the design f the framewrk, and the next step f using that infrmatin t answer particular questins. Flws and feedbacks. Regarding the envirnment as a separate unit, it will be relatively straightfrward t display flws and feedbacks in bth directins. Externalities. Frm an accunting perspective, the ntin f externalities and negative benefits is challenging, and becmes even mre difficult when nn-mnetary values are brught int play. What is imprtant t remember, and include in the narrative, is that the framewrk exists independent f the methd f measurement. 6

7 Distributinal aspects. While these shuld be cvered in the new chapter n equity, it als makes sense t address this tpic here. Emplyment. Jb creatin is bth cvered under wages as well as a value additin t the ecnmy (GDP) frm emplyment. Other questins that arise include number f hurs wrked, prductivity, decent wrk, etc. CHAPTER 7: Valuatin methdlgies: an verview, and advances in mdeling and measurement Mre than a textbk. Infrmatin n valuatin methdlgies already exists in chapter 4/5 f TEEB Fundatins, and this chapter needs t g beynd just identifying the numeraire, existing data and methds available, and tie this int the brader reprt narrative. Defining system. The definitin 6 used by the High-Level Panel f Experts n Sustainable Fd Systems was prpsed, thugh it mits nn-fd utputs. The riginal term f ec-agri-fd system (reduced simply t agri-fd system ), which cmprised everything frm the eating f fd back t the farming system, was als ffered as a way t guide thinking. Valuatin and evaluatin. Prper usage f these terms is required, particularly since different methdlgies exist fr each. Methdlgical challenges. Mre is needed t flesh these ut, fr example n the issue f cmmensurability. Business relevance. We need t cnsider bth upstream and dwnstream effects f cnsumer chices, in rder t be relevant t the private sectr. Crdinatin with ther chapters. Chapters 5-8 are based n a sequencing f ideas, and will need t wrk in parallel under tight timelines t ensure cherence and cnsistency acrss language and messaging. A Web Prtal / Discussin Frum was prpsed (see crss-cutting issues belw). CHAPTER 8: Using the framewrk: challenges and examples Applying the framewrk. This chapter will demnstrate the ptential applicatins f the framewrk, fr example fr business analysis, dietary cmparisn, farm typlgy cmparisn, plicy evaluatin r natinal accunting. It ffers an pprtunity t benchmark an apprach in which several methds f sustainability have cnverged t develp a universal valuatin framewrk. Searching fr examples. Outreach needs t be undertaken t cmb the wrld f relevant and applicable examples and case studies, nt just in the cntext f this chapter, but t reinfrce the entire reprt narrative. Sme criteria will als need t be develped t decide hw t select them. Prcessing/distributin. Few examples exist in this space. Actrs in the fd/beverage industry (e.g. Natural Capital Calitin) need t be leveraged. The metrics fr agreeing sustainability labels and brands culd als be highlighted here. 6 Gathers all the elements (envirnment, peple, inputs, prcesses, infrastructures, institutins, etc.) and activities that relate t the prductin, prcessing, distributin, preparatin and cnsumptin f fd, and the utputs f these activities, including sci-ecnmic and envirnmental utcmes. 7

8 Link t plicy. It will be useful t link applicatins t decisins, and hw the framewrk culd enable thse decisins. Validating the framewrk. This chapter shuld bring back infrmatin generated by assessments that applied the framewrk, as part f a feedback system. Zming back ut. This chapter will cmpile data t better understand lcal/farmlevel, but we shuld als scale this back up t be able t link t issues and pririties at the natinal level, which will relate better t chapter 2. Other criteria. Referring t the table that cnsiders examples acrss the value chain (3 stages) and by scale (lcal, natinal, reginal, glbal), it wuld be useful t smehw indicate the time/effrt required, expectatins n what can be achieved, and hw these tls can cntribute t awareness at the lcal level. CHAPTER 9: TEEBAgriFd s thery f change Key message. This chapter will lk at hw changing the way we measure the perfrmance f agricultural and fd systems (including significant interacting systems such as land use, freshwater management, demgraphics and labr) can catalyze a brader paradigm shift in evaluatin, accunting, educatin and cmmunicatin twards changes in plicymaking, business and cnsumer behavir. It is the key linking chapter t the next vlumes fcusing n actrs and end users. Types f theries f change. Tw types were identified: (i) tp-dwn, in which we target gvernments and internatinal rganizatins t induce them t change legislatin and regulatins; and (ii) bttm-up, in which we target cnsumers, business and civil sciety t change (r reinfrce) their mindset/behavir. A suggestin was made t distinguish between these and cnsider hw each can be supprted, as well as address hw they relate t and interact with each ther. Case studies. Tw examples were illustrated: (i) a mratrium n sybeans frm defrested areas, and (ii) taxatin f sugar-based drinks in Mexic and US. Business. A methdlgy and apprach fr a business thery f change already exists, and shuld be built upn. Drivers f change and enabling envirnments. Change is cnstant, driven by technlgy, cnsumer chice, prfit, etc., and s this chapter shuld reflect n (changing) drivers f change and enabling envirnments. Investrs. Attentin needs t be paid t the impacts f the investr cmmunity in cmmdity stcks, including but nt limited t fd cmmdities. CHAPTER 10: Key messages and further explratins Wrapping up and lking frward. This chapter will incrprate the key messages f the previus chapters, while underlining the critical rle that this reprt culd play, as well as linking it t different end users, and whetting the appetite fr a series f reprts that target them specifically. 8

9 CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES Key messages. A list f well-articulated key messages will need t be develped fr each chapter, which will frm the basis f the final chapter. Glssary. Agreeing n well-defined terms and definitins will be paramunt t ensuring cherence and cnsistency acrss chapters. Scial equity. Cncerns were raised that scial equity and scial dimensins are nt being given adequate attentin in their wn right. Participants agreed that an additinal chapter shuld be created n this tpic, in rder t address issues such as labr, livelihds, access and distributin, health and safety regulatins, gender, etc. Exchange/Discussin Platfrm. Having a tl fr sharing and exchanging ideas and updates was requested in rder fr teams t wrk in parallel. The TEEB Office wuld develp and manage an nline exchange/discussin platfrm fr this purpse. PRESENTATIONS FROM CHAPTER WORKING GROUPS After having wrked thrugh the issues, linkages and challenges fr each chapter and the verall narrative thread that ties the reprt tgether, wrking grups f 2-4 peple cnvened t develp and defend chapter utlines t the wider grup, and incrprate feedback frm peers. The bullet pints belw prvide a summary f the feedback raised after the presentatins 7. Chapter 1: Backgrund, ratinale and bjectives fr TEEBAgriFd and the Fundatins reprt Diversity f systems. Imprtant t include diversity f agricultural systems int this chapter, and tuch upn hw gvernance structures affect them differently. Chapter 2: TEEBAgriFd in the cntext f related prcesses and the SDGs SDGs. This chapter presents an pprtunity t prvide a leading example f hw fcusing n fd and agriculture allws us t bridge acrss the SDGs, thereby aviding the tendency t perate in sils and create tradeffs between SDGs. Beynd regulatry. This chapter shuld lk beynd regulatry framewrks, e.g. the vluntary pledge and review prcess f the Paris Agreement. Link t UNFCCC. Linkages shuld be made with UNFCCC natinally determined cntributins (NDCs) n agriculture and sil. Chapter 3: Overview f tday s agriculture and fd systems Overarching chapter. The tw subsequent chapters n health/nutritin and equity are essentially ffshts frm this chapter, s care shuld be taken t avid duplicatin. 7 Presentatins are available upn request frm the TEEB Office (teeb.agfd@unep.rg). 9

10 Material externalities. Significant attentin shuld be paid t emplyment and sme f the majr impacts/externalities (climate, health, nutritin, etc.). Fd security. The FAO definitin, in which fur dimensins (availability, access, utilizatin and stability) are captured, shuld be applied here. Levels f regulatin. Tw levels f regulatins exist: (i) thse made by fficial regulatin bdies, and (ii) thse established by large private cmpanies (and nt gverned by WTO). Structure, key terms and messaging. Mre thught is required n hw t structure this chapter, whether by DPSIR r ne f the ther suggestins made earlier, while the imprtance f a glssary and well-articulated key messages was reiterated. Greenhuse gases. Virtual land and water are mentined, but nt virtual GHGs. Chapter X: Scial equity Chapter snapsht. Sme f the basic ideas and a structure f hw this chapter might be rganized were presented, lking at issues f equity n the prductin side, n distributin and access, n gender, n fd prcurement, n labr, n fd justice, and n equity as a platfrm fr achieving the SDGs. Sectin n slutins. This sectin wuld address plicies, their impacts, and the distributin/equity f impacts. Institutinal drivers n supply side. This chapter culd expand upn the impact f private financing and (lack f) scial investments, fr example the decisin t invest in envirnment (in the case f water efficiency) versus gender equality. Equity and equality. This distinctin shuld be made in this chapter. Cnsensus n creating a chapter. Participants agreed that it was imprtant t shwcase equity issues in a standalne chapter. CHAPTER 4: Farming systems, fd and nutritinal security and human health Quality f life and mental health. The impact f urbanizatin and distance frm green infrastructure (including agr-bidiversity) n quality f life and mental health shuld be addressed. Anther example related t mental health is the ccurrence f farmer suicides in India frm pesticides, seed prices/debt, genetic mdificatin, grundwater depletin, etc. Animal feed and waste. Linkages shuld be highlighted between waste management and animal feed, as it represents an imprtant entry pint fr cntaminants int the fd chain (e.g. mad cw disease). Zntic diseases. Linkages shuld be highlighted between intensive livestck prductin and certain zntic diseases (e.g. areas in Asia becming a perfect breeding grund fr Avian influenza). Cancer. Althugh little evidence exists, there are examples f linkages between increases in cases f cancer t agricultural expansin (e.g. sybean prductin in Argentina, banana prductin in Central America). 10

11 Linking t framewrk. On the cnsumptin side, it is relatively straightfrward t link negative health utcmes t what yu eat, but less s n the prductin side. This needs t be fleshed ut. Psitive impacts. It is imprtant nt t lse sight f the psitive health impacts, which is imperative fr painting a cmplete picture. CHAPTER 5: Systems thinking fr agri-fd systems, and the need fr a universal and cmprehensive valuatin framewrk Cnceptual mdel. A visual aid was intrduced t illustrate bth the cmplexity and the need fr systems thinking. The diagram cnsisted f the three stages f the value chain, inputs and utputs, related dimensins (i.e. scial, ecnmic, envirnmental), and interactins within and between the abve. Bundaries. The parameters set in this mdel wuld represent the status qu, in which nt everything is accunted fr, and which wuld set the tne fr subsequent chapters. Tweaking these parameters wuld represent specific plicy interventins. Other framewrks. In rder t explain why a systems apprach is an imprvement, it will be imprtant t cnsider the perfrmance f ther framewrks in dealing with cnsistency, cmparability, universality, etc. Crss-referencing. Participants underlined the need t have pprtunities t align the narrative and verbiage f ther chapters with this diagram, reinfrcing the usefulness f an Exchange/Discussin Platfrm. CHAPTER 6: Elements f the TEEBAgriFd valuatin framewrk Fur capitals apprach. The cncept f capitals (i.e. prduced, natural, human, and scial (cultural/institutinal)) was intrduced as a way t mnitr stcks in terms f their quantity and cnditin, investment and depreciatin. This shuld be cnsidered as an evlutin (versus change) frm the earlier cnceptualizatins f the framewrk. Link t inclusive wealth. The abve characterizatin is cnsistent with the Inclusive Wealth reprt, which shws the same fur capitals laid ut acrss three categries: private wnership, cmmunity wnership, and public wnership, with scial capital as the binding glue. Narrative with Chapters 5 and 7. Where Chapter 5 states that plicy interventins are needed t change trends, this chapter can identify flws (r c-flws) that can be mdified by plicy, while Chapter 7 wuld prvide examples. Treatment f knwledge. Knwledge prducts (e.g. sftware, patents, licenses, etc.) are treated under physical capital, whereas intellectual prperty is regarded as human capital. Genetic diversity shuld als be included in this space. Valuatin f these capitals is, hwever, cmplicated. Pre-prductin and pst-cnsumptin (waste). Bth parts need t be included as part f a full value chain analysis. Carbn. The issue f carbn was raised, as it can be treated as either an inflw r an utflw depending n its cntext. 11

12 CHAPTER 7: Valuatin methdlgies: an verview, and advances in mdeling and measurement The tlbx chapter. This chapter shuld prvide the universe f ptins fr thse wanting t determine the range f impacts acrss the value chain based n changes t certain stcks r flws (inputs r utputs), as well as the data required and limitatins assciated with thse tls and methdlgies. End users. One pssible way t cnsider this chapter is t set the cntext fr the different end users and the applicatins that they will be interested in, in rder t set up the basis fr the next chapter. Attributin. It is imprtant t attribute values accurately acrss the value chain, perhaps brrwing frm the extensive literature n life cycle assessment. IPBES wrk n valuatin. A useful reference will be IPBES deliverable 3d 8 n plicy supprt tls and methdlgies, including mnetary and nn-mnetary. CHAPTER 8: Using the framewrk: challenges and examples Examples f applicatins. This chapter will shwcase examples gruped arund the five different families f applicatins, i.e. management systems, diets, plicies, businesses and accunting systems. The previus chapter must describe the same methdlgies. Call fr Case Studies. Chapter authrs prpsed develping a Call fr Case Studies, akin t an earlier TEEB prcess in which a template was used t cllect stries that were structured int a general frmat. Ideally, examples wuld include as many parameters f the framewrk as pssible, lking at mst f the majr impacts. The idea is t prevent partial studies frm presenting themselves as the final answer. Cllecting examples. A number f chapter authrs ffered examples frm the EU Business & Bidiversity Platfrm, Natural Capital Calitin, the TEEB Quantitative Assessment, and thers n specific diets (e.g. Mediterranean, pescatarian, vegetarian) Plite but nt shy. This chapter, and pssibly thers, will face the risk f presenting thers wrk as failures since they give nly partial assessments. T avid this, it was suggested t engage in discurse that reinfrces tw pints: (i) that n single study is cmprehensive (and that the final picture is a cmpsite), and (ii) that there is an pprtunity fr all studies t link up and be part f smething bigger and mre integrated. Need fr additinal pilt studies. It wuld be useful t cmmissin additinal framewrk-testing studies t prmte the utility f ur apprach. A hypthetical study. Participants agreed that wrking thrugh a hypthetical cmprehensive assessment wuld be extremely beneficial t illustrate that it can be dne. CHAPTER 9: TEEBAgriFd s thery f change An actrs apprach. A schematic was intrduced in which grups f allies/ influencers tggle with different drivers f change, which in turn have different

13 impacts n different actrs. Interactins between actrs culd be better explained. Als, within each f the actrs, different tls and messages are required depending n level (e.g. minister, department head r analyst in gvernment) Dependencies. Mre attentin culd be paid t reflecting dependencies as a driver f change. Agricultural research cmmunity was added t the list f allies/influencers. Lifestyle and culture was added as a driver f change. Health. The idea f framing a discussin arund health-prmting agriculture, which links t the Cmmn Agricultural Plicy and thus ur thery f change, was suggested. Rle f certificatin and labeling. Fd labeling culd becme a majr game changer (see example f universal labeling f electrnics). Certificatin labels fr rganic fd exists, but n labels are placed n cheap fd this needs t be demystified. Rle f media. We need t bring n bard messengers wh can help us t disseminate these messages and act as their wn rightful actrs. Crrelatin with end-user reprts. This chapter shuld pint ut where the subsequent reprts fit in within the thery f change. TIMELINES AND NEXT STEPS In terms f timelines, the prject management team prpsed the fllwing schedule f activities ver the next few mnths: 7 March: submissin f anntated utlines (3-6 pages) 8-14 March: internal review f utlines 14 March: feedback presented 15 March-15 May: develpment f first drafts 15 May: deadline fr submissin f first drafts 30 May-1 June: 2 nd writers wrkshp (lcatin tbd) The fllwing utputs will be develped and circulated in due curse: Template fr utlines (including wrd cunt) Nte n writing tne and style Glssary Exchange/Discussin Platfrm, and accmpanying guidance sheet 13