Social Farming as a multifunctional activity for sustainable development in Catalonia

Transcription

1 Scial Farming as a multifunctinal activity fr sustainable develpment in Catalnia Antni F. Tulla antni.tulla@uab.cat Natalia Valldeperas nataliavalldeperas@gmail.cm Carles Guirad carlesguirad@gmail.cm (Dept. f Gegraphy Universitat Autònma de Barcelna)

2 Scial Farming (SF) is an activity that Cntributes t multifunctinal agriculture Prmtes emplyment pprtunities fr grups at risk f scial marginalizatin Cllabrates in lcal develpment effrts and in envirnmental preservatin in rural and periurban areas Encurages diversificatin in prducts and land uses in rural Eurpean spaces as a strategy fr lcal develpment and emplyment plicies. It is instructive t cnsider hw we arrived at the current situatin The bjective f the research is t explre whether SF is The current rural situatin is the result f a glbal prcess f agr-industrial Integratin that makes it difficult fr rural areas t remain viable An ecnmically viable activity that enhances the lcal develpment f rural areas that are nt very cmpetitive An emplyment pprtunity fr individuals at risk f scial exclusin An innvative activity with majr Scial Return n Investment (SROI), leading t envirnmental, ecnmic, and scial benefits fr scieties that prmte SF initiatives

3 A THE CONTEMPORARY COUNTRY TRANSFORMATION IN EUROPE Green Revlutin ( and ) Intensive use f prductivist factrs, priritizing prductin ver scial and envirnmental cnsideratins The mechanizatin f agriculture, increasing use f chemical prducts, reductin in manual labur, etc., led t tw distinct rural settings in Eurpe: Prductivist agriculture was integrated int the glbal market with decreasing prtectin frm EU Agricultural Plicy Marginally prductive agricultural areas such as muntainus, arid, r periurban znes where peple were diversifying their activities, mainly t accmmdate turism r quality agricultural prducts with denminació d rigen branding, prximity t cnsumers ( Farm t Table ), and especially value-added prducts, the fcus f the structural plicies f EU agricultural agencies

4 The emerging awareness f the need t avid the envirnmental impact f intensive farming activity began t be taken int accunt at the end f the 1980s by EU and ther public plicy agencies Thrugh the end f the 20 th Century there was discussin f a pst-prductivist transitin with plicies n the diversificatin f prductin and the pluriactivity f turism and recreatinal activities. Farmers were subsidized t imprve the envirnment by planting trees, t raise livestck, use extensive agriculture techniques, and develp high-quality agriculture prducts. Funds were available fr the transitin t eclgical r rganic farming The mst imprtant change was the diversificatin f activities and land use that came with the cnversatin abut the multi-functinal nature f the cntemprary cuntryside. Evans, S., Mrris, C. and Winter, M. (2002) Cnceptualizing agriculture: a critique f pst-prductivism as the new rthdxy, Prgress in Human Gegraphy, 26:

5 A multifunctinal cuntryside means that rural activity can btain multiple results, nt nly the prductin f fd prducts and raw materials but als envirnmental and scial benefits. Agriculture can als cntribute t the sustainability f the rural landscape, the prtectin f bidiversity, the creatin f jbs alng with the diversificatin f agrindustrial activities and services, and therefre cntributes t the viability f rural areas. This new situatin is the cmmdificatin f the cuntryside, in which cnsumers, wh mainly live in cities, are prepared t pay mre fr the value f certain gds. A simple example is a cst cmparisn f farmland, where the price is based n its prductin value, with land ccupied by secnd hmes r turism-related activities, where the price depends n what the cnsumer is willing t pay. In this sense, we ften talk abut a duble market fr piece f land, depending n what it will be used fr. The nly slutin is that territries implement planning plicies fr the activities and land use they require, thereby aviding this duble market. Sme traditinally rural activities such as cycling, fishing, hrseback riding, bating, and hiking have becme experiences t sell turists, ften with the additin f new technlgies. Ptter, C. (2004) Multifunctinality as an agricultural and rural plicy cncept, in Bruwer, F. (ed) Sustaining Agriculture and the Rural Envirnment, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Best, S. (1989) The cmmdificatin f reality and the reality f cmmdificatin: Jean Baudrillard and pst-mdernism, Current Perspectives in Scial Thery, 19: Vera, A., Badia, A. and Tulla, A.F. (2011) Desarrll lcal en el Pirine Catalán: Impuls ecnómic y us sstenible del territri, FINISTERRA. Revista Prtuguesa de Gegrafia, XLVI, 92: Perkins, H.C. (2006) Cmmdificatin: re-resurcing rural areas, , in Clke, P., Marsden, T. and Mney, P. (eds) Handbk f Rural Studies. Lndn: Sage.

6 B - SOCIAL FARMING (SF): CONCEPT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT 7 defining elements f the SF cncept: 1. ACTIVITY 2. OBJECTIVE 6. LINKS TO PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS SF 3. SUBJECT 5. LEGAL ENTITY, PROMOTERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS 4. RESOURCES

7 ACTIVITY: basically farming, smetimes riginating in gardening; may als include prcesses f agrifds transfrmatin if this can be traced. OBJECTIVE: emplyment f individuals at risk f scial exclusin and ffering these grups the treatment r rehabilitatin services they need, alng with educatin r training. SUBJECT: grups at risk f scial exclusin include peple with disabilities, mental disrders, a histry f incarceratin r drug addictin, living in pverty r lng-term unemplyment, r schl drputs, the elderly, survivrs f dmestic vilence, r the hmeless. RESOURCES: may include buildings and land, but it is very imprtant t have technical specialists and investment capital, which are ften prvided by dnrs r humanitarian rganizatins. In certain cases, public assistance is available fr residences, scial security csts fr emplyees at risk f scial exclusin, r the use f buildings r cultivable land. LEGAL ENTITIES, PROMOTERS AND TECHNICAL SPECIALISTS: rganized as fundatins, cperatives, public r private businesses (Special Wrk Centres, fr example) LINKS: rganized as netwrks with links t public administratin r large fundatins and ther nnprfits with SF experience Guirad, C., Badia, A., Tulla, A.F., Vera, A. and Valldeperas, N. (2014) L Agricultura scial em Catalunya: innvación scial y dinamización agreclógica para la cupación de persnas en riesg de exclusió, AGER, Jurnal f Deppulatin and Rural Develpment Studies, 17, Octubre 2014:

8 Develpment f cmmunity plicies in SF setting: [2009] [2013] [ ] Shared thematic Initiative CESE ruling EU cmmn agricultural plicy (PAC: Plítica Agrària Cmú)

9 Develpment f SF in EC plicies : [2009] Shared thematic Initiative: : SF is an emerging in Eurpe SF is assciated with multifunctinality, diversificatin, viability, scial slidarity and well-being Cntempraneus with PAC PARTICIPANTS: 7 Natinal Rural Netwrks (Belgium, Flanders (Belgium), Finland, Ireland, Sweden and United Kingdm) OBJECTIVE: T identify and analyse pprtunities and bstacles fr rural develpment plicies related t SF

10 Evlutin f EC plicies n SF [2013] SF ruling by the Eurpean Ecnmic and Scial Cmmittee Scial Farming: eclgical supprt services and scial/pubic health plicies, Initiated in January 2012 and apprved in February 2013 SF is an innvative prspect that fuses multifunctinal agriculture and scial/supprt services at the lcal level Main diagnsis: SF is a hetergeneus sectr withut the pertinent legislatin Recmmended actins 1) Institutinal recgnitin and a framewrk f specific standards 2) Creatin f BdD n SF in the EU 3) Inclusin f SF in research and training prgrammes 4) Creatin f netwrks and reinfrcement f the rle f civil sciety 5) Inclusin f SF in rural develpment strategies and in the cmmn strategy framewrk

11 Evlutin f SF in EC plicies: [ ] PAC - Rural Develpment Plicy (RDP) In accrdance with the plans fr cmmn agriculture ( ) and the Eurpe 2020 strategy. EC Integratin plicies are needed t achieve ecnmic grwth that is intelligent, sustainable and inclusive Objectives Imprve agricultural cmpetitiveness Manage natural resurces sustainably Achieve balanced develpment in rural znes Pririties 1) Strengthen knwledge transfer 2) imprve the cmpetitiveness and viability f SF prjects 3) Strengthen the rganizatin f the fd chain (farm-t-market, farm-t-table) 4) Preserve and imprve rural ecsystems 5) Use resurces efficiently and fight climate change 6) Strengthen scial inclusin, pverty reductin and ecnmic develpment in rural areas

12 SF in Catalunya (June 2015). 146 ttal entities Garden centers and thers; 14; 10% Others; 2; 1% Garden centers; 31; 21% SF and Garden centers; 26; 18% SF; 73; 50% SF SF and Garden centers Garden centers Garden centers and thers Others

13 01. ACTIVITY Cattle; 2; 2% Services; 5; 5% Crafts; 1; 1% (Nt classified); 2; 2% Frestry; 9; 9% Fd Prcessing; 11; 11% Agriculture; 69; 70% Agriculture Fd Prcessing Frestry Services Cattle Crafts (Nt classified)

14 02. LEGAL STATUS: private entities -nn-prfits entities: fundatins (23%) assciatins (15%) -ecnmic entities: private cmpanies (19%) cperatives (14%) Unincrprated; 0; 0% (Unclassified); Fundatins; Public 18; 18% Fundatins 22; 23% cmpany; 3; Private cmpanies 3% Assciatins Public administrati n; 8; 8% Cperatives; 14; 14% Assciatins; 15; 15% Private cmpanies ; 19; 19% Cperatives Public administratin Public cmpany Unincrprated (Unclassified) 03. INTEGRATION MODEL: 04. OBJECTIVES OF SF INITIATIVES: (Unclassifie) 40 41% Special Wrk Centers (CET); 36; 36% Special Wrk Centers (CET) Cmpanies Occupatinal center Inclusive cmpany Assciatin (Unclassified); 17; 17% Prmte emplyment pprtunity Therap y; 3; 3% Deliver educatin and training; 7; 7% Prmte emplyment pprtunity; 62; 63% Prvide fd fr peple with limited resurces Deliver educatin and training Therapy Others; 5; 5% Assciatin; 1; 1% Inclusive cmpany; 0; 0% Occupatinal center; 2; 2% Cmpanies ; 15; 15% Others (Unclassified) Prvide fd fr peple with limited resurces; 10; 10% (Unclassified)

15 03. GROUPS THAT BENEFIT: 04. ECOLOGICAL CRITERIA Other scially vulnerable grups; 27; 27% Peple with phyisical disability r mental disrders; 41; 41% Peple with phyisical disability r mental disrders (Unclassified); 31; 31% Individuals living in pverty Unemplyed individuals N; 25; 25% Yes; 43; 44% Yes N (Unclassified) Unemplyed individuals; 8; 8% Individuals living in pverty; 24; 24% Other scially vulnerable grups

16 METHODOLOGY: Interviews with 3 entities PHASE 1 Planning (study design and methd) PHASE 2 General infrmatin abut the entity PHASE 3 Field wrk PHASE 4 Data analysis PHASE 5 - Results and evaluatin (SROI and CANVAS) 7 pendents d entrevistar:

17 (2010) Sustainable agriculture in Cllserla Hills near Barcelna. 20,000 m2 under cultivatin: lives, and grapes. Tw distinct legal entities: a cperative (educatinal activities fr schls, adults, and a prject in cllabratin with scial services persnnel t encurage scial engagement fr individuals living in pverty; and a Limited Sciety (SL) prductivity functins : eclgical garden-basket service / administers cnsumer / prducer grups fr the lcal market (1974) Cperative at Vallbna de les Mnges (Lleida). Scial integratin prject fr individuals with difficulties (psychlgical disrders). Prvide emplyment activity alng with training and like skills supprt in a scial husing cntext in a natural, agricultural setting. Acquire vitiviniculture skills. Since 2010 prject at Masia de Can Calpa de Dalt, taking n new tasks such as wrking in the vineyards f the Agrarian Park f Sabadell and making wine. They als wrk fr ther vintners r farmers, prviding catering

18 Organic Farming Prductin at Can Salas (Terrassa). Began in 1994 as a Garden center and in 2013 start the rganic farming prject, prviding an emplyment resurce fr individuals with physical and/r mental disability. Organic farming prductin t cnsumer grups, catering and direct sale. There is als an educatinal prgram in the teaching gardens (schl classes) and training fr adults and families. Organic Farming Prductin in Manlleu (Osna). Cperative brn in 2010 that prvides emplyment fr individuals living in pverty, rganic farmers that prduce, serve and ck vegetables frm garden t the restaurant at the City Market in Manlleu, and ther catering services. Mre recently, the prject has expanded t include space fr drying armatic and medicinals plants, eclgically fr herbal infusins.

19 Mushrm cultivatin quality (shiitake and maitake) that reprduces the natural cycle that make mushrms int the frest by fllwing the principles f rganic farmin. Blet Ben Fet take part f TEB Cperative Grup, whse missin is scial and prfessinal intergratin f peple with disabilities. During the 45 year histry f TEB Cperative Grup it has been created 600 jbs, which 450 are peple with intellectual disabilities.

20 PHASE 1 - Planning (study design and methd), relying n ecnmic analysis and SROI f the SF prjects, using tw methdlgies: the CANVAS business mdel and SROI evaluatin PHASE 2: General infrmatin abut the entity, getting t knw the characteristics f each f the entities interviewed frm the file cmpiled fr each PHASE 3: Fieldwrk t develp the CANVAS mdel, define each step, and cllect the dcumentatin needed t develp the SROI assessment PHASE 4: Data analysis, including all infrmatin frm field sessins. A file will be develped f all relevant infrmatin abut the entity, the CANVAS mdel and an assessment f ecnmic viability based n data abut the activity carried ut by each entity interviewed. The final prduct f this phase f the methdlgy is t develp a cmplete draft f the SROI assessment, which will be evaluated by the entity and by external cnsultants PHASE 5: Knwledge transfer t all interested grups f the results btained. After the SROI is finalized, it will underg anther evaluatin by the entity. Finally, the study will be submitted t external evaluatrs accredited by The SROI Netwrk fr verificatin

21 CANVAS del Business Mdel Generatin CANVAS is a methdlgical tl that permits the analysis and visualizatin f a prpsed activity in a clear, flexible, and simple mdel, alng with the value chain f any business. This helps t define a mdel fr a prfitable and sustainable business with 9 key elements: 1 CLIENTS 2 VALUE PROPOSITION 3 RELATIONSHIPS 4 CHANNELS 5 INCOME 6 KEY ACTIVITIES 7 KEY RESOURCES 8 ALLIANCES 9 TOTAL COSTS

22 SROI Scial Return n Investment This methdlgy measures the scial impact f investing in a prject with scial service characteristics, fcusing n three brad dimensins: ecnmic, scial and envirnmental. The bjective f using SROI methdlgy is t demnstrate hw SF prjects make a majr cntributin t sciety, generating changes in the individuals they wrk with, in the immediate surrundings, and in the brader sciety. The end result f SROI assessment is a number that reflects the multiplicatin factr f the investment in a given prject, shwing the return t sciety f each eur invested. * Example result SROI Hme Care Service f the City f Barcelna

23 CONCLUSIONS SF has becme an activity with increasing presence in the Catalan cntext, respnding t the current needs f sciety SF has becme a sectr with a clear scial innvatin cmpnent that is ecnmically prfitable, scial justly and in which the investments yield a scial return In SF, the scial return is achieved thrugh several channels: supprt frm scial and health services, prvisin f services and infrastructure, envirnmental imprvement, and the prmtin f agr eclgical activity and lcal cnsumptin.

24 Thank yu very much!