Inverter-Based Low-Voltage CCII- Design and Its Filter Application

Transcription

1 6 Y. S. HWNG, Y. T. KU, J. J. CHEN, C.C. YU, NERTER-BSED LOW-OLTGE CC- DESGN ND TS FLTER PPLCTON nverter-based Low-oltae CC- Desin and ts Filter lication Yuh-Shan HWNG, Yi-Tsen KU, Jiann-Jon CHEN, Chen-Chieh YU Det. of Electronic Enineerin, National Taiei Universit of Technolo, Taiei 6, Taiwan bstract. This aeesents a neative te secondeneration current conveor (CC-). t is based on an inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier, and a neative current mirror. The CC- could be oerated in a ver low sul voltae such as ±.5. The roosed CC- has wide inut voltae rane (±.4 ), wide outut voltae (±.4 ) and wide outut current rane (±4 m). The roosed CC- has no on-chi caacitors, so it can be desined with standard CMOS diital rocesses. Moreover, the architecture of the roosed circuit without cascoded MOSFET transistors is easil desined and suitable for low-voltae oeration. The roosed CC- has been fabricated in TSMC.8μm CMOS rocesses and it occuies μm (include PDs). t can also be validated b low voltae CC filters. Kewords Neative te second eneration current conveor, inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier, neative current mirror.. ntroduction n a hand held sstem and biomedical imlant sstem, the main ower sul is a batter, so the mobile control analo interated circuit needs to match small volume, low-voltae, low-ower, and hih outut voltae and current characteristics to imrove the batter life [], []. n analo circuit desin, current-mode circuits have man well-known advantaes. For eamle, the rovide hiherformance in seed, bandwidth and recision, et consume less ower [3], [4]; thus, the have found wide alications in hih-erformance active circuits. Current-mode circuits do not need hih voltae ain nor hih recision assive comonents. The can be alied in all transistor desins, which make them comatible with tical diital rocesses [5]. Since Smith and Sedra released the second eneration current conveor in 97, it has served as the basic current-mode circuits [6]. Since then, the CC has been used in man alication circuits. The ortabilit and the lowower consumtion has enabled them to be widel used in batter-owered roducts, such as hearin aids [7-9], imlantable cardiac acemakers [], mobile hone [] and hand held multimedia terminals []. The second-eneration current conveor, CC, is a oular current-mode circuit [3-7]. Most of the two sul voltae current conveors require ±.75 sul voltae or hiher, but their outut currents are less than m [8], [9]. These current conveors are desined with a class B cascoded current mirror. The cascoded current mirror is not a ver low-voltae structure. Recentl, there are some aers that roosed a low sul-voltae (less than or equal to ±.5 ) CC, and their theor was simulated in HSPCE but was not fabricated and validated into an interated circuit [], []. These current conveors are based on quasi-floatin ate transistors, which are based on float-ate transistors. Therefore, the are not suitable for low-frequenc filter and oscillator alications, and cannot be fabricated with standard CMOS diital rocesses. Moreover, the linear caacitors will cause a larer chi area. The will increase the cost of chi fabrication. This aeooses current-mode active comonents based on a inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier [], [3] and a neative current mirror [4] the neative second-eneration current conveor (CC-). This new comonent uses an inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier instead of class B amlifier or other amlifier in the conventional CC. To comare with conventional CC, this inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier based CC- has low sul voltaes, wide inut voltaes, and wide outut voltaes and currents. The can be oerated at ver low sul voltae (±.5 ). Their inut voltae ranes from ±5 µ - to ±4 m -, which will outut the same voltae and enerate ±.5 µ - to ±4 m - current with Ω outut load. Thus, the are hihl comatible with various tes of analo circuits. nalo enineers have used current conveor etensivel to desin circuits such as filters [5], oscillators [6], rectifiers [7], and low-noise amlifiers [8]. n recent ears, active filters are more imortant in ower electronics and analo sinal rocessin. Because of the develoment of current mode circuits, the erformance of analo circuits has imroved considerabl. The active filters of a current conveor have since received more attention in biquad filter desin [9], [3].

2 RDOENGNEERNG, OL., NO. 4, DECEMBER 3 7 This research focuses on CMOS rocesses. t uses a CMOS characteristic and an inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier as well as a neative current mirror to construct a new CC-. We desined a chi of neative second eneration current conveor (CC-) for fabrication.. Circuit Descrition X Y CC- Z- Fi.. Neative current conveor (CC-). CC- is a three-terminal element as shown in Fi.. The ideal CC characteristic equation can be described in (). Y terminal havin a hih inut imedance, can be used as a voltae mode inut terminal used to inut voltae sinal. The Y terminal has no current flows ( = ), but it transmits the same voltae sinal to the X terminal ( = ). X terminal has low inut imedance, so it can outut voltae and current. When the X terminal is connected to a load, a current flows into the X-side, and the current is reversed and transmitted to the Z- terminal ( = - ). Z- terminal has hih outut imedance, suitable for workin in the current mode. i v i v i v Fi. is a comlete circuit diaram of the roosed inverter-based low-voltae current conveor. This inverterbased low voltae error amlifier [], [3], shown in the leftmost ortion of Fi., is a -inut and -outut lowvoltae error amlifier. The outut of the inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier via the differential to sinle amlifier, shown in the middle ortion of Fi., turn into a sinle-ended outut. These two arts use closed-loo () DD o6 DD X M DD DD DD DD d9 d M n M 9 M M M SS DD M 3 M 4 M 5 M 6 M 7 M 8 c c M n3 M n4 M n5 M n6 M n7 M n8 o8 X Z- Y M b M n9 M n M n M n dn9 dn M n SS SS SS SS o3 SS SS nverter-based Low-voltae Error mlifier Differential to Sinle Neative Current Mirror Fi.. The inverter-based low-voltae CC- circuit. neative feedback mechanism to stabilie the voltae. n the rihtmost ortion of Fi., the neative current mirror coies and reverses X terminal current to Z terminal. The above three arts are connected toether to form a neative current conveor. The roosed inverter-based low-voltae CC- circuit will be analed ste b ste as follow. First, we discuss the sinle inverter as shown in Fi. 3(a), which is the same as nv, nv, nv 3 and nv 6 in Fi.. ts outut and inut voltae relationshis can be iven as (). Subsequentl seen from Fi. 3(a), flowin throuh the NMOS current dn and the PMOS current d are reresented b (3) and (4). Thus, a sinle inverter outut current out is reresented b (5). Fi. 3. (a) The sinle inverter (b). The sinle inverter with inut voltae equal to outut voltae. d mn, m,, () m, o, on,

3 8 Y. S. HWNG, Y. T. KU, J. J. CHEN, C.C. YU, NERTER-BSED LOW-OLTGE CC- DESGN ND TS FLTER PPLCTON dn d n n sn tn s t where ncow n CoW n,, and L L n out d dn in in SS DD tn t, (3) (4). (5) When the inverter inut and outut terminals are connected toether as shown in Fi. 3(b), which is the same as nv 4 and nv 5 in Fi.. Therefore, the function of nv 4 and nv 5 in the circuit is equivalent to a resistor. Because in = c, then out =. When we substitute (3) and (4) into (5), c can then be eressed as (6). f ss = - dd and tn = - t, then c can be simlified as (7). c n DD t n SS n DD t c n tn, (6). (7) Fi. 4. (a) Two balanced inverters. (b) The inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier. Fi. 4(a) shows the inverter nv and nv. Fi. 4(b) shows the inverter-based low-voltae error amlifier circuit. From Fi. 4(a), X and Y terminal are the inuts of nv and nv, resectivel. The outut voltae of nv and nv can be iven as (8) and (9), resectivel. o mn m, (8) m o o on. (9) m mn m o on From Fi. 4(b), the inut and outut of nv 4 and nv 5 are connected toether, which are equivalent to resistors. nv 3 and nv 6 are differential airs, whose common mode voltae c shows as (7). The common-mode level of the outut voltaes 6 and 3 is controlled b the four inverters (nv 3, nv 4, nv 5 and nv 6 ) of Fi. 4(b). The values of these resistances are /m 3, /m 4, /m 5 and /m 6. nv 3 and nv 6 enerate currents m 3 ( c - ) and m 6 ( c - ), resectivel. Thus, 3 and 6 can be iven as () and (), resectivel. The inut voltae difference ( id ) of nv and nv can be obtained as (). f m = m = m,, mn = mn = mn,, r o = r o = r o,, r on = r on = r on,, their differential outut voltae od is equal to 6-3, and can be obtained b (3). Finall, the voltae ain of inverterbased low-voltae error amlifier d can be obtained as (4). o3 o3 c, () od m3, () o6 o6 c m6 6 m, id, () 3 o mn, m, o, o on,, (3)

4 RDOENGNEERNG, OL., NO. 4, DECEMBER 3 9 d mn, od m,. (4) id m, o, on, Fi. 5 is a differential to sinle amlifier. t is also the intermediate ortion of Fi.. The two outut of inverterbased low-voltae error amlifier couled to the two inuts of a differential to sinle amlifier. The differential to sinle amlifier turns into a sinle-ended outut. ts outut voltae and voltae ain can be iven as (5) and (6). Fi. 5. The differential to sinle amlifier. r r o8 m7 8 // n8 6 3 s, (5) 8 m 7 o 8 // on (6) Last but not least, Fi. 6 shows the neative current mirror circuit, which is shown as the rihtmost art of Fi.. The inut of M 9 and M is the outut of differential to sinle amlifier, while the CS 9 outut feedback to the CC- X terminal to let =. The CS 9 and CS are the ositive current mirror and if another current mirror CS and CS is added, but the outut of CS is broken and cross connected to the inuts of CS to invert the current olarit and form a neative current mirror. For eamle, the drain of M is connected to the drain of M n and the drain of M n is connected to the drain of M, so = -. From Fi. 6, the inut resistor R i9 can be iven as (7) and the outut resistor R o9 can be iven as (8). Thus, the outut voltae can be reresented as (9) and the voltae ain of common source stae ( ) can be obtained as (). R R, (7) i9 r // r on9 o9 o9 total 9R 9 8 m o, (8), (9) m9ro9. () 8 Finall, we comosed the above three arts, low-voltae error amlifier, differential to sinle amlifier and neative current mirror, to form a low-voltae CC-. The total voltae ain of this comosed CC- can be obtained as (). The voltae ain of each art deends on the transistor s m and r o. Hence, adjustin the W/L of transistors, will make, total and. d total s d s d s. () For CC-, the outut current of terminal X and terminal Z can be iven as () and (3) resectivel. From Fi. 6, we know that d9 = dn and dn9 = d. Thus, we obtain = - or - = and obtain or - as (4) or (5). 3. lications, () d9 dn9 dn d, (3) d dn, (4) d9 dn9 dn d. (5) d9 dn9 To rove the functionalit of this roosed CC-, we imlement a CC- filter. Fi. 7 shows sinle CC- based biquad filter [9]. The filter of Fi. 7 could be a low ass filter ( ) and band ass filter ( ). dd in Y dd CC- Z R X ss ss C C R Fi. 6. Neative current mirror. Fi. 7. The sinle CC- biquad low-ass filters.

5 3 Y. S. HWNG, Y. T. KU, J. J. CHEN, C.C. YU, NERTER-BSED LOW-OLTGE CC- DESGN ND TS FLTER PPLCTON The characteristic equation of Fi. 7 is shown as (6). ω, Q and ain are iven as (7), (8) and (9), resectivel. R R, (6) s CC sc C R R R CC R, (7) R Q R C C, C C R (8) and ain = -. (9) 4. Eerimental Results Fi. 8 shows the micro hotorah of the roosed CC-. The chi area of CC- is m, which is fabricated with TSMC.8 m CMOS rocesses. The asect ratios of MOS transistors are shown in Tab.. Parameter CC- nuts DD +.5 SS -.5 b +.7 ±.4 - Oututs ±.4 - ±4 m- 4 m- function oltae trackin error. % / bandwidth 36. MH oltae erformance % Current trackin error.5 % / bandwidth 3. MH other R.4 GΩ C.75-8 F R 37 KΩ L H R 5 KΩ C F Power Consumtion mw Tab.. The erformances of the roosed CC µm (a) 89.9 µm Fi. 8. Chi hotorahs of the roosed CC-. Transistor W/L(m) Transistor W/L(m) M, M / M n, M n / M 3, M 4 4/ M n3, M n4 / M 5, M 6 4/ M n5, M n6 / M 7, M 8 3/ M n7, M n8 / M 9, M / M n9, M n / M, M / M n, M n / +4m -4m -4m +4m Tab.. sect ratios of MOS transistors in roosed CC-. 4. CC Eerimental Results The roosed chis can be oerated at ±.5 sul voltaes. The erformances of the roosed CC- are listed in Tab.. t ±.5 sul voltaes, Tab. shows the inut, outut voltaes/currents and other arameters, such as the voltae trackin error and 3dB voltae bandwidth from Y to X, and the current trackin error and 3dB current bandwidth from X to Z, and arasitic arameters R, C, R, L, R, C, and ower consumtion. (b) Fi. 9. The eerimental waveforms of the roosed CC- at sul = ±.5, (a) &, (b) &. Because the outut current is roortional to the ower consumtion and the roosed CC- is desined for hih outut current, hence the ower consumtion is hih. f the dimensions of M7~M and Mn7~Mn are divided b and the inut voltae ( ) is also divided b, then the outut current (, ) and ower consumtion

6 RDOENGNEERNG, OL., NO. 4, DECEMBER 3 3 are reduced to one tenth. Similarl, if the dimensions of M7~M and Mn7~Mn are divided b and the inut voltae ( ) is also divided b, then the outut current (, ) and ower consumtion are reduced to one ercent. Fi. 9 shows the eerimental waveforms of the roosed CC- oeratin at ±.5 sul voltaes. Fi. 9(a) shows the inut voltae waveforms of terminal Y and outut voltae waveforms of terminal X. Fi. 9(b) shows the outut current waveform of terminal X and dulicate reversed current waveform of terminal Z-. From the eerimental waveforms, the roosed CC- functionalities are ood. The inut voltae of terminal Y of the roosed CC- can be raised to ±.4 with ±.5 sul voltaes and it will enerate the same outut voltae at terminal X, which is 48% of the sul voltae. Terminal X and Z- of CC- enerate ±4 m and 4 m currents, resectivel. Those outut voltaes and currents are almost times the voltae and current of other CC [8-] desins. 4. Filter Eerimental Result To validate the functionalit of this roosed CC-, we imlement a CC- biquad filter usin Fi. 7 circuit. The frequenc resonse of the roosed CC- LPF (Fi. 7) was validated with ±.5 sul voltaes, +.8 bias voltae and the assive comonents R = kω, C = F, C = F, R =.5 KΩ. The eerimental waveforms of the roosed CC- LPF are shown in Fi.. B chanin C and C, the bandwidths of the roosed CC- LPF are listed in Tab. 3. Finall, we comare the roosed current conveor with revious works in [8], [] and list the results in Tab. 4. Parameter This CC- CC in [8] CC in [] CMOS technolo.8 μm.35 μm.35 μm Eerimental results Measured results Simulation results Simulation results Fabricated Yes No No Suitable for standard CMOS Yes Yes No diital rocesses Sul voltae ±.5 ±.75 ±.5 Number of linear caacitors 4 Low-voltae architecture Yes No Yes Current drivin caabilit ±4 m ±4 m ±.3 m Tab. 4. Comarison of the roosed current conveor and revious works. 5. Conclusion New inverter-based low-voltae CC- is resented. n the roosed CC-, there are no linear caacitors and the can be desined with standard CMOS diital rocesses that will reduce the cost of chi fabrication. The architecture of the roosed CC- without cascoded MOS- FET transistors is easil desined and suitable for lowvoltae oeration. This roosed CC- can be oerated in wide dnamic inut rane such as ±4 m and low sul voltae such as ±.5. t can work in wide inut voltae ±.4, and enerate wide outut voltae ±.4 and lare outut current ±4 m. ts outut voltaes and currents are almost times the voltae and current of other CC desins. This roosed CC- has been fabricated in TSMC.8μm CMOS rocesses and it occuies μm (include PDs). t also can be validated b low voltae CC- filters. Fi.. The manitude and bandwidth of this roosed CC- LPF with ±.5 sul voltae sul () b () R (KΩ) R (KΩ) C = C (F) BW(H) ± n 96 ± n 9.56K ± n 97.K ± K ± M ± M ± M Tab. 3. Eerimental results of this roosed CC- biquad filter oeratin at ±.5 sul voltae and +.8 bias voltae. References [] STORNELL,., G. FERR, G..8µm CMOS DDCC for ortable L-LP filters. Radioenineerin, 3, vol., no., [] SHU, B., RNCON-MOR, G.. hih-efficienc, dual-mode, dnamic, buck-boost ower sul C for ortable alications. n 8th nt. Conf. on LS Desin, 5, [3] JD, S., KHNN, G., KUMR,., SN, G. Low ower hih throuhut current mode sinallin technique for lobal LS interconnect. n nt. Conf. on Comuter and Communication Technolo (CCCT),,

7 3 Y. S. HWNG, Y. T. KU, J. J. CHEN, C.C. YU, NERTER-BSED LOW-OLTGE CC- DESGN ND TS FLTER PPLCTON [4] YUCE, E. Desin of a simle current-mode multilier toolo usin a sinle CCC+. EEE Trans. on nstrumentation and Measurement, 8, vol. 57, [5] HEDYT, H. low-ower low-voltae full diital comatible analo-to-diital converter. n Proc. of the 6th nt. Conf. on Microelectronics, 4, [6] SEDR,., SMTH, K. second-eneration current conveor and its alications. EEE Trans. on Circuit Theor, 97, vol. 7, [7] DUTT, D., UJJWL, R., BNERJEE, S. Desin of low-voltae low-ower continuous-time filter for hearin aid alication usin CMOS current conveor based translinear loo. n 9th nt. Conf. on LS Desin, 6. [8] DUTT, D., KHN, Q.., BNERJEE, S. Desin of continuoustime filter for hearin aid alication usin current conveors. n 9th nt. Conf. on Electronics, Circuits and Sstems,, [9] PUL, S. K., SHK, M. E., SMYUKTH,. P., BER,. K. Hearin aid: current mode aroach. n ET-UK nt. Conf. on nformation and Communication Technolo in Electrical Sciences, 7, [] CCOGLU, P., LC, M. CC based analo circuit for the ede detection of MR imaes. n 3 EEE 46th Midwest Sm. on Circuits and Sstems, 3, [] KOROTKO,. S., MOROZO, D.., TUTYSHKN,.., HUER, H. Channel filters for microelectronic receivers of wireless sstems. n EEE 7th CS Sm. on Emerin Technoloies: Circuits and Sstems for 4G Mobile Wireless Communications, 5, [] BRTHELEMY, H., FERR, G., GUERRN, N..5 CCbased tunable oscillator for ortable industrial alications. n Proc. of the EEE nt. Sm. on ndustrial Electronics,, [3] FN, R., FRSHD, E. new full differential second eneration current controlled conve or usin FG-MOS. n th ranian Conf. on Electrical Enineerin,,. 7-. [4] KSODNY, S. K., NGCHOUDHUR, D., DES, N. M. new low voltae differential current conveor. n nt. Conf. on nformatics, Electronics & ision (CE),, [5] MHMOUD, S.., SOLMN, E.., ORTMNNS, M., SOL- MN,. M. Hih seed full differential second eneration current conveor. n 53rd EEE nt. Midwest Sm. on Circuits and Sstems (MWSCS),, [6] MOUSTKS, K., SSKOS, S. mroved low-voltae low-ower class B CMOS current conveors based on the flied voltae follower. n EEE nt. Conf. on ndustrial Technolo (CT), 3, [7] NK,. P., DESHRYEE, N. M. comact second eneration current conveor (CC). n nt. Conf. on dvances in Recent Technoloies in Communication and Comutin,,. -4. [8] BOLL,. H. M., HMED, H. F.., HSNEEN, E.. M. New ±.75 low voltae low ower CMOS current conveor. n nt. Conf. on Microelectronics (CM),,. -3. [9] BOLL,. H. M., HMED, H. F.., HSNEEN, E.. M. Hih erformance wideband CMOS current conveor for low voltae low ower alications. n EEE nt. Sm. on Sinal Processin and nformation Technolo (SSPT),, [] MORDZDEH, H., ZHR, S. J. Low-voltae low-oweailto-rail low-r wideband second eneration current conveor and a sinle resistance-controlled oscillator based on it. ET Circuits, Devices & Sstems,, vol. 5, [] KHTEB, F., KHTB, N., KUBNEK, D. Low-voltae ultralow-ower current conveor based on quasi-floatin ate transistors. Radioenineerin,, vol., no., [] NUT, B. CMOS transconductance-c filter technique for ver hih frequencies. EEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 99, vol. 7, [3] CHEN, J. J., LN, M. S., LN, H. C., HWNG, Y. S. Sub- caacitor-free low-ower-consumtion LDO with diital controlled loo. n EEE sia Pacific Conf. on Circuits and Sstems, 8, [4] LU, S.., TSO, H. W., WU, J. Electricall-rorammable MOSFET-C filter. nt. Journal of Electronics, 99, vol. 68, , 99. [5] HWNG, Y. S., LU,., WNG, S. F., YNG, S. C., CHEN, J. J. tunable Butterworth low-ass filter with diitall controlled DDCC. Radioenineerin, 3, vol., no., [6] ŠOTNER, R., HRUBOŠ, Z., SLEZÁK, J., DOSTÁL, T. Siml adjustable sinusoidal oscillator based on neative three-ort current conveors. Radioenineerin,, vol. 9, no. 3, [7] KOTON, J., HERENCSR, N., RB, K. Current and voltae conveors in current- and voltae-mode recision full-wave rectifier. Radioenineerin,, vol., no., [8] GODR, B., FBRE,. new alication of current conveors: The desin of wideband controllable low-noise amlifiers. Radioenineerin, 8, vol. 7, no. 4, [9] LU, S.., TSO, H. W. The sinle CC biquads with hih-inut imedance. EEE Trans. on Circuits and Sstems,99, vol. 38, [3] CHU, W. Y., HORNG, J. W. oltae-mode hihass, bandass, lowass and notch biquadratic filters usin sinle DDCC. Radioenineerin,, vol., no., bout uthors... Yuh-Shan HWNG was born in Taiei, Taiwan, in 966. He received the Ph.D. deree from the Deartment of Electrical Enineerin, National Taiwan Universit, Taiei, in 996. Durin and 996 3, he was a Lecturer with the Deartment of Electrical Enineerin, Lee- Min nstitute of Technolo, and an ssociate Professor with the Deartment of Electrical Enineerin, Hwa Hsia nstitute of Technolo, Taiwan, resectivel. n 3, he joined the Deartment of Electronic Enineerin and the Graduate nstitute of Comuter and Communication Enineerin, National Taiei Universit of Technolo, Taiei, where he is currentl a Full Professor and serves as a Deartment Chair. He serves on the Editorial Board of ctive and Passive Electronic Comonents since, the Editorial Board of Journal of Enineerin since, and the Editorial Board of nalo nterated Circuits and Sinal Processin and Far East Journal of Electronics and Communications since 3. He serves as an ssociate Editor of EEE Transactions on er Lare Scale nteration (LS) Sstems since 3. He is a Technical Proram Committee member for LS Desin/CD Smosium in Taiwan durin -3. His current research interests include analo interated circuits, mied sinal interated circuits, ower electronic interated circuits, and currentmode analo sinal rocessin.

8 RDOENGNEERNG, OL., NO. 4, DECEMBER 3 33 Yi-Tsen KU was born in Taiwan in 958. He received the BS deree in Electronics Enineerin from Tam Kan Universit, Taiei, Taiwan in 986, and the MS deree in Electrical Enineerin from California State Universit, Fullerton, US in 5. He is currentl workin toward the Ph.D. deree with the National Taiei Universit of Technolo, Taiei, Taiwan. He is currentl a Lecturer with the Deartment of Electronics Enineerin, Min Chi Universit of Technolo. His research area includes analo interated circuits, current-mode interated circuits, and current-mode analo sinal rocessin. Jiann-Jon CHEN was born in Keelon, Taiwan, in 966. He received the M.S. and Ph.D. derees in Electrical Enineerin from National Taiwan Universit, Taiei, Taiwan, in 99 and 995, resectivel. From 994 to 4, he was on the facult of Lunhwa Universit of Science and Technolo, Taiwan. Since uust 4, he has been with the Deartment of Electronic Enineerin, National Taiei Universit of Technolo, where he is now a Professor. His research interests are in the area of mied sinal interated circuits and sstems for ower manaement. Chen-Chieh YU was born in Taiei, Taiwan, in 964. fteaduatin from the 5-ear Proram of Electrical Enineerin, National Taiei nstitute of Technolo (NTT) in June 984, he obtained the Certificate of dvanced National Eamination in Electrical Enineerin in Oct He then continued to acquire M.S. and Ph.D. derees both in Electrical Enineerin from National Taiwan Universit (NTU), Taiei, Taiwan, in June 988 and June 99, resectivel. From u. 996 to u. 997, Dr. Yu conducted ost-doctoral research at the EML Lab, Deartment of Electrical Enineerin, Teas &M Universit (TMU), Collee Station, Teas, US. n addition, he ot romoted as a full rofessor in Nov. 998 and elected to serve as the Deartment Head of Electronic Enineerin, National Taiei Universit of Technolo (NTUT), Taiei, Taiwan, from u. 998 to Jul. From u. 9 throuh Jul, Dr. Yu was elected and aointed as the Dean of the Collee of Electrical Enineerin and Comuter Science, NTUT. From Feb., on, Prof. Yu has been aointed as the Provost of cademic ffairs, NTUT. Dr. Yu s research interest includes microcontrollers, firmware, electronic circuits, communication electronics, communication rotocols, RF circuits, EM, EMC, PCB laout, RF measurement techniques, antennas, and wave roaation.