CS4121. Low Voltage Precision Air Core Tach/Speedo Driver

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Duane Shelton
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1 Low Voltage Precision AirCore Tach/Speedo Driver The CS42 is specifically designed for use with aircore meter movements. The IC provides all the functions necessary for an analog tachometer or speedometer. The CS42 takes a speed sensor input and generates sine and cosine related output signals to differentially drive an aircore meter. Many enhancements have been added over industry standard tachometer drivers such as the CS289 or LM89. The output utilizes differential drivers which eliminates the need for a Zener reference and offers more torque. The device withstands 60 V transients which decreases the protection circuitry required. The device is also more precise than existing devices allowing for fewer trims and for use in a speedometer. The CS42 is compatible with the CS890, and provides higher accuracy at a lower supply voltage (8.0 V min. as opposed to 8.5 V). It is functionally operational to 6.5 V. Features PbFree Package is Available* Direct Sensor Input High Torque Output Low Pointer Flutter High Input Impedance Overvoltage Protection Accurate to 8.0 V Functional to 6.5 V (typ) Internally Fused Leads in SO20 Package and DIP6 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage, V CC Rating Value Unit < 00 ms Pulse Transient Continuous Operating Temperature (T J ) 40 to 05 C Storage Temperature 40 to 65 C Junction Temperature 40 to 50 C ESD (Human Body Model) 4.0 kv Lead Temperature Soldering: Wave Solder (through hole styles only) (Note ) Reflow: (SMD styles only) (Note 2) 260 peak 230 peak Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied, damage may occur and reliability may be affected.. 0 seconds maximum second maximum above 83 C. V V C C 20 6 SO20L DWF SUFFIX CASE 75D DIP6 NF SUFFIX CASE 648 ORDERING INFORMATION Device Package Shipping CS42EDWF20 SO20L 37 Units/Rail CS42EDWF20G SO20L (PbFree) 37 Units/Rail CS42EDWFR20 SO20L 000 Tape&Reel CS42ENF6 DIP6 25 Units/Rail For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD80/D. DEVICE MARKING INFORMATION See specific marking information and pin connection information on page 4 of this data sheet. *For additional information on our PbFree strategy and soldering details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D. Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2004 June, 2004 Rev. 8 Publication Order Number: CS42/D

2 BIAS CP SQ OUT Charge Pump F/V OUT CP FREQ IN Voltage Regulator 7.0 V COS SINE COS Output Func. Gen. SINE Output COS SINE V CC High Voltage Protection Figure. Block Diagram 2

3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (40 C T A 85 C, 8.0 V V CC 6 V, unless otherwise specified.) Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Supply Voltage Section I CC Supply Current V CC = 6 V, 40 C, No Load ma V CC Normal Operation Range V Input Comparator Section Positive Input Threshold V Input Hysteresis mv Input Bias Current (Note 4) 0 V V IN 8.0 V 0 80 A Input Frequency Range 0 20 khz Input Voltage Range in series with.0 k.0 V CC V Output V SAT I CC = 0 ma V Output Leakage V CC = 7.0 V 0 A Logic 0 Input Voltage.0 V Voltage Regulator Section Output Voltage V Output Load Current 0 ma Output Load Regulation 0 to 0 ma 0 50 mv Output Line Regulation 8.0 V V CC 6 V mv Power Supply Rejection V CC = 3. V,.0 V P/P.0 khz db Charge Pump Section Inverting Input Voltage V Input Bias Current na V BIAS Input Voltage V Non Invert. Input Voltage I IN =.0 ma 0.7. V Linearity (Note 0, 87.5, 75, 262.5, 350 Hz % F/V OUT 350 Hz, C CP = F, R T = 243 k mv/hz Norton Gain, Positive I IN = 5 A I/I Norton Gain, Negative I IN = 5 A I/I Function Generator Section (40 C T A 85 C, V CC = 3. V unless otherwise noted.) Differential Drive Voltage, (V COS V COS ) 8.0 V V CC 6 V, = V Differential Drive Voltage, (V SIN V SIN ) 8.0 V V CC 6 V, = V Differential Drive Voltage, (V COS V COS ) 8.0 V V CC 6 V, = V Differential Drive Voltage, (V SIN V SIN ) 8.0 V V CC 6 V, = V Differential Drive Current 8.0 V V CC 6 V, T A = 25 C ma Zero Hertz Output Angle deg Function Generator Error (Note 5) Reference Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 V CC = 3. V, T A = 25 C = 0 to deg Function Generator Error 3. V V CC 6 V, T A = 25 C deg Function Generator Error 3. V V CC V, T A = 25 C deg Function Generator Error 3. V V CC 8.0 V, T A = 25 C deg Function Generator Error 25 C T A 85 C deg Function Generator Error 25 C T A 05 C deg Function Generator Error 40 C T A 25 C deg Function Generator Gain vs F/V OUT, T A = 25 C /V 3. Applies to % of full scale (270 ). 4. Input is clamped by an internal 2 V Zener. 5. Deviation from nominal per Table after calibration at 0 and

4 PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION PACKAGE PIN # DIP6 SO20L PIN SYMBOL FUNCTION CP Positive input to charge pump. 2 2 SQ OUT Buffered square wave output signal. 3 3 FREQ IN Speed or RPM input signal. 4, 5, 2, 3 47, 47 Ground Connections. 6 8 COS Positive cosine output signal. 7 9 COS Negative cosine output signal. 8 0 V CC Ignition or battery supply voltage. 9 BIAS Test point or zero adjustment. 0 2 SIN Negative sine output signal. 3 SIN Positive sine output signal. 4 8 Voltage regulator output. 5 9 F/V OUT Output voltage proportional to input signal frequency CP Negative input to charge pump. MARKING DIAGRAM AND PIN CONNECTIONS CP SQ OUT FREQ IN COS COS V CC DIP6 0002SB00 AWLYYWW CS42 6 CP F/V OUT SIN SIN BIAS CP SQ OUT FREQ IN COS COS V CC SO20L 20 CP F/V OUT SIN SIN BIAS CS42 AWLYYWW A WL YY WW = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week 4

5 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage (V) FVOUT 2.0 V 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG 0.7 V) COS SIN of Deflection ( ) Frequency/Output Angle ( ) Figure 2. Function Generator Output Voltage vs. of Deflection F/V Output (V) Figure 3. Charge Pump Output Voltage vs. Output Angle (V SINE ) (V SINE ) 7.0 V ARCTAN V SIN VSIN VCOS VCOS 7.0 V 7.0 V Angle 7.0 V (V COS ) (V COS ) Figure 4. Output Angle in Polar Form Deviation ( ) Theoretical Angle ( ) Figure 5. Nominal Output Deviation Ideal Angle ( ) Ideal Nominal Nominal Angle ( ) Figure 6. Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 80) 5

6 Ideal Table. Function Generator Output Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 270) Nominal Ideal Nominal Ideal Nominal Ideal Nominal Ideal Nominal Ideal Nominal Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included. 6

7 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION and APPLICATION NOTES The CS42 is specifically designed for use with aircore meter movements. It includes an input comparator for sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to differentially drive the meter coils. From the partial schematic of Figure 7, the input signal is applied to the FREQ IN lead, this is the input to a high impedance comparator with a typical positive input threshold of 2.0 V and typical hysteresis of 0.5 V. The output of the comparator, SQ OUT, is applied to the charge pump input CP through an external capacitor C CP. When the input signal changes state, C CP is charged or discharged through R3 and R4. The charge accumulated on C CP is mirrored to C4 by the Norton Amplifier circuit comprising of Q, Q2 and Q3. The charge pump output voltage, F/V OUT, ranges from 2.0 V to 6.3 V depending on the input signal frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the formula: FVOUT 2.0 V 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG 0.7 V) R T is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the F/V output stage and give the correct meter deflection. The F/V output voltage is applied to the function generator which generates the sine and cosine output voltages. The output voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the onchip amplifier and function generator circuitry. The various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0, 90, 80, 270 ) are determined by an internal resistor divider and the bandgap voltage reference. The coils are differentially driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs, thus providing up to 305 range of meter deflection. Driving the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher current capability, higher output voltage swings, and reduced external component count. The key advantage is a higher torque output for the pointer. The output angle,, is equal to the F/V gain multiplied by the function generator gain: AFV AFG, where: AFG 77 V(typ) The relationship between input frequency and output angle is: AFG 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG 0.7 V) or, 970 FREQ CCP RT The ripple voltage at the F/V converter s output is determined by the ratio of C CP and C4 in the formula: V C CP(VREG 0.7 V) C4 Ripple voltage on the F/V output causes pointer or needle flutter especially at low input frequencies. The response time of the F/V is determined by the time constant formed by R T and C4. Increasing the value of C4 will reduce the ripple on the F/V output but will also increase the response time. An increase in response time causes a very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for many applications. Design Example Maximum meter Deflection = 270 Maximum Input Frequency = 350 Hz. Select R T and C CP 970 FREQ CCP RT 270 Let C T = F, find R T RT Hz F RT 243 k R T should be a 250 k potentiometer to trim out any inaccuracies due to IC tolerances or meter movement pointer placement. 2. Select R3 and R4 Resistor R3 sets the output current from the voltage regulator. The maximum output current from the voltage regulator is 0 ma. R3 must ensure that the current does not exceed this limit. Choose R3 = 3.3 k The charge current for C CP is VREG 0.7 V.90 ma 3.3 k C CP must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of the input signal. Time for one cycle at maximum frequency is 2.85 ms. To ensure that C CP is charged, assume that the (R3 R4) C CP time constant is less than 0% of the minimum input period. T 0% 285 s 350 Hz Choose R4 =.0 k. Discharge time: t DCHG = R3 C CP = 3.3 k F = 0.9 s Charge time: t CHG = (R3 R4)C CP = 4.3 k F = 4.2 s 3. Determine C4 C4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement. C4 C CP(VREG 0.7 V) VMAX With C4 = 0.47 F, the F/V ripple voltage is 44 mv. 7

8 R3 V C (t) 0.25 V Q3 CP 2.0 V R T F/V OUT F to V FREQ IN SQ OUT C CP Q SQUARE R4 CP Q Q2 C4 2.0 V Figure 7. Partial Schematic of Input and Charge Pump T t DCHG t CHG V CC FREQ 0 IN SQ OUT 0 I CP V CP 600 mv V Figure 8. Timing Diagram of FREQ IN and I CP 8

9 R3 Speedo Input 3.0 k C CP F ± 30 PPM/ C R2 0 k C3 0. F R4.0 k CP CP SQ OUT F/V OUT FREQ IN COS CS42 SINE C F RT Trim Resistor ± 20 PPM/ C 243 k Battery R D 3.9,.0 A 500 mw 600 PIV 0. F D2 50 V, 500 mw Zener C COS V CC COSINE SINE BIAS SINE Air Core Gauge 200 Speedometer Notes:. For 58% Speed Input T MAX 5.0/f MAX where T MAX = C CP (R3 R4) f MAX = maximum speed input frequency 2. The product of C4 and R T have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 3. C CP Range; 20 pf to 0.2 F. 4. R T Range; 00 k to 500 k. 5. The Ic must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions. 6. Additional filtering on FREQ IN lead may be required. 7. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible ( 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability. Figure 9. Speedometer or Tachometer Application 9

10 R4 Speedo Input R2 R3 0 k 3.0 k C CP F ± 30 PPM/ C C3 0. F.0 k CP CP SQ OUT F/V OUT FREQ IN COS CS42 SINE C F Trim Resistor R T ± 20 PPM/ C 243 k Battery R D 3.9,.0 A 500 mw 600 PIV D2 50 V, 500 mw Zener COS V CC COSINE SINE BIAS SINE C 0. F Air Core Gauge 200 Speedometer C2 CS844 Air Core Odometer Stepper Motor 200 Notes:. The product of C4 and R T have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 2. C CP Range; 20 pf to 0.2 F. 3. R T Range; 00 k to 500 k. 4. The Ic must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions. 5. Additional filtering on FREQ IN lead may be required. 6. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible ( 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability. Figure 0. Speedometer With Odometer or Tachometer Application 0

11 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS DIP6 NF SUFFIX CASE ISSUE T 6 A 8 9 B NOTES:. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y4.5M, CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL. H G F D 6 PL S C K 0.25 (0.00) M T SEATING T PLANE A M J L M INCHES MILLIMETERS DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A B C D F G 0.00 BSC 2.54 BSC H BSC.27 BSC J K L M S SO20L DWF SUFFIX CASE 75D05 ISSUE G H 0X 0.25 M B M 20 D E A h X 45 NOTES:. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2. INTERPRET DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES PER ASME Y4.5M, DIMENSIONS D AND E DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.5 PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.3 TOTAL IN EXCESS OF B DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. 20X B 0.25 M T A S 8X e B 0 S B A A T SEATING PLANE C L MILLIMETERS DIM MIN MAX A A B C D E e.27 BSC H h L PACKAGE THERMAL DATA Parameter DIP6 SO20L Unit R JC Typical 5 9 C/W R JA Typical C/W

12 ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Typical parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including Typicals must be validated for each customer application by customer s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. PUBLICATION ORDERING INFORMATION LITERATURE FULFILLMENT: Literature Distribution Center for ON Semiconductor P.O. Box 563, Denver, Colorado 8027 USA Phone: or Toll Free USA/Canada Fax: or Toll Free USA/Canada orderlit@onsemi.com N. American Technical Support: Toll Free USA/Canada Japan: ON Semiconductor, Japan Customer Focus Center 29 Kamimeguro, Meguroku, Tokyo, Japan Phone: ON Semiconductor Website: Order Literature: For additional information, please contact your local Sales Representative. CS42/D

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