Open Access in Europe and Beyond

Transcription

1 Open Access in Eurpe and Beynd 6th UNICA Schlarly Cmmunicatin Seminar: Libraries As Drivers fr Change, Brussels, Nvember Lars Bjørnshauge Directr SPARC Eurpe UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th Lars Bjørnshauge 1

2 SPARC Eurpe missin & what we d SPARC Eurpe (funded in 2002) aims t prmte an pen schlarly cmmunicatin system in Eurpe (and elsewhere) thrugh advcacy and educatin, the prmtin f new mdels, and cllabratin with all interested stakehlders 110 members (universities etc.) in 20 Eurpean cuntries UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 2

3 Alma Swan, Directr f Eurpean Advcacy a.swan@talk21.cm Janna Wellander, Prgram Officer f Eurpean Prgrams janna@arl.rg Lars Bjørnshauge, Directr f Eurpean Library Relatins - lars@arl.rg All wrking part time SPARC Eurpe wh? UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 3

4 Declaratins, statements etc: Berlin declaratin Eurpean University Assciatin ALLEA declaratin n Open Science fr the 21 st Century Science Eurpe LERU Open Access the Eurpean landscape and then f curse the Eurpean Cmmissin It seems that almst everyne wants Open Access t research publicatins, research data etc. We wn the discussin! and.. UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 4

5 We are mving frward Lts f figures Latest estimates: Mre than 10% f the annual prductin f jurnal articles are published in Open Access jurnals and almst 10% are archived in Institutinal repsitries. UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 5

6 Natinal prgrammes and prjects t supprt and implement OA: Crdinatin Supprting advcacy and plicy develpment Harvesting institutinal repsitries Crss-natinal activities OpenAIRE MedOANet Plenty f activities & prjects Knwledge Exchange Lts f activities in supprt f Green Open Access UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 6

7 Mandates & repsitries Accrding t ROARMAP, the Registry f Open Access Repsitries Mandatry Archiving Plicies there is nw 163 institutinal OA mandates and 54 research funder mandates Eurpean 50% OpenDOAR - Directry f Open Access Repsitries - lists nearly pen access repsitries - Eurpean 47% UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 7

8 But Mandates in general are t sft ften nly recmmendatins. Fllw up n cmpliance is desperately needed! The repsitries are quite empty! Huge prblems with interperability and discverability! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 8

9 OA publishing The DOAJ (Directry f Open Access Jurnals) cunts mre than pen access jurnals and many in prcess Eurpean 50% A few, but an increasing number f research funders allw payment fr article prcessing charges r have allcated specific funding fr that: Wellcme Trust, DFG, Max Planck, Helmhltz, 5 Swedish research funders, FWF, RCUK etc. EU!? UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 9

10 OA publishing But still difficult fr OA-jurnals t really take ff. The lng tail f Open Access Jurnals cannt cmpete quality prblems in the delivery! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 10

11 Everyne (except the subscriptin based publishers) wants OA s why then s slw prgress? Why this inertia? We shuld d better! What s blcking faster prgress? What are the bstacles? Let s take a brader view and lk beynd Eurpe! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 11

12 A brader view! the rigins f Open Access! Triggered by the ptential f technlgies and the serials crisis Early adapters (researchers) using technlgies fr better disseminatin f research results (Arxiv etc.) Libraries suffering frm skyrcketing subscriptin prices fr prestigius jurnals. Primary bjective: t slve the prblem f access t jurnals articles behind paywalls Thus the fcus n depsiting versins f articles in Institutinal Repsitries (Green OA) Supprting new business mdels - (Gld OA) UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 12

13 Open Access pretty much a Nrth/West thing Trying t slve the prblem f limited access fr ur researchers. Hw des this lk frm a Suthern perspective?: Suthern researchers have always been expelled frm access t scientific articles due t the high subscriptin rates fr academic jurnals In ther wrds: the subscriptin mdel (even in the print nly age) has been a barrier fr the exprt f knwledge frm the Nrth t the Suth UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 13

14 Open Access slving glbal prblems? Frm a Suthern perspective slving the access prblem is imprtant, but As an islated change it wuld nly reprduce a neclnial system that casts the dminant Nrth as the prducer and the develping wrld as the cnsumer f knwledge (E. Gray) The prblem f participatin is deeper! Eve Gray: Open access in Africa green and gld, the impact factr, mainstream and lcal research - UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 14

15 Map f glbal research (Wrld Bank s 2005 Wrld Develpment Indicatrs) UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 15

16 What causes this marginalizatin? The dminance f jurnals as the primary vehicle fr publishing research results The almst universal adptin f citatin cunts and the Jurnal Impact Factr as the primary measures f the impact f research, fr recgnitin and reward The resulting marginalizatin f large shares f the glbal research which is labelled lcal, rather than internatinal UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 16

17 Sme f the bstacles The essential features f the system are still in peratin: Citatin cunts as the dminant impact measure The Regime f the Jurnal Impact Factr (JIF) The Jurnal as the primary vehicle fr disseminatin f research results UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 17

18 Citatin Cunts measures impact f research n research itself way t limited. Measures f impact f research shuld be measured as effects n industry, innvatin, health and scieties! Citatin is subject t gaming: Citatin Cunts 20% f researchers have been asked t include mre citatins t the jurnal t which they submitted their article Mutual back-scratching Peer pressure t cite yur prfessr etc Gaming citatins is pumping up the impact factr! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 18

19

20 hh Björn Brembs fllw his blg at: bjern.brembs.net

21 The Jurnal Impact Factr (JIF) Dn t blame Garfield! Blame thse wh misuse it! JIF is negtiable, irreprducable and subject t gaming! Misuse f the JIF is the single mst imprtant factr in the marginalizatin f larger parts f the wrld frm the schlar cmmunicatin system Mr. Garfield nw cmpares his brainchild t nuclear energy: a frce that can help sciety but can unleash mayhem when it is misused.... Impact factrs have assumed s much pwer, especially in the past five years, that they are starting t cntrl the scientific enterprise (2005) UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 21

22 The Jurnal as the dminant vehicle Leaving ut ther types f research utput, that are mre designed t slve real prblems in sciety! Jurnal brands is the single mst imprtant feature in the dminant system develped by the large glbal crprate publishers and database prviders! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 22

23 Reward systems supprt the system that we want t change! Still the reward systems are fcused n citatin cunts, the JIF and publishing in prestigeus jurnals! Reward systems shuld be changed t reward what the decisin makers want: penness. Máire Geghegan-Quinn, Eurpean Cmmissiner fr Research, Innvatin and Science: Publishing in pen access shuld be rewarded! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 23

24 The Mess we are in! Hw cme that we have such a system, which is essentially still in the print age and that cannt deliver what high level decisin makers want namely penness? Dn t blame the cmmercial publishers! In reality, they are ding what any fr-prfit cmpany shuld d - maximizing their incme and pleasing the sharehlders. They explit the cnditins ffered t them as any savvy business wuld. UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 24

25 Well, research is funded via grants frm research funders, universities (via gvernment funding), internatinal rganizatins etc. In shrt: Research is funded, paid fr upfrnt in ther wrds: research is subsidized directly. The disseminatin f the utput f research publicatins n the cntrary is nt funded upfrnt. Schlarly publishing has been utsurced - the bill sent t (academic) libraries. Nthing wrng with utsurcing, as lng as thse wh utsurce defines what they expect and it happens in a cmpetitive market! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 25

26 Wh is t be blamed then? Research funders, universities and gvernments and the research cmmunity have happily utsurced the disseminatin f research utput The result is as system that is dysfunctinal and utdated. And they have allwed publishers t fine tune a system, that is way t expensive and cunterprductive and they are still t a large extent supprting the mechanisms that strengthen the cmmercial publishers and service prvider s grip n the schlarly publishing system. UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 26

27 Everyne (except the subscriptin based publishers) wants OA We have identified the main bstacles? S The imprtant features f the system that we want t change still rules! Reward systems wrks against Open Access Lack f curage frm decisin makers Inertia in the academy What then can libraries d? UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 27

28 Libraries as drivers fr change!! - I Libraries have already dne their part! They have advcated fr Open Access fr years nw They have struggeled with setting up and perating institutinal repsitries. They are ding their best t accmmdate Open Access Publishing Sme are even publishing Open Access Jurnals. UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 28

29 Libraries are ding the wrk in OpenAire plus. trying t slve interperability prblems related t IRs the funders and supprters f rganizatins wrking fr Open Access like SPARC Eurpe Libraries as drivers fr change!! - II are funding OA-infrastructure services like the DOAJ But f curse libraries shuld cntinue, and they will simply because Open Access is a gd cause penness is a cre value f librarians and libraries! But libraries cannt d this by themselves! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 29

30 The time is ripe fr radical appraches! Libraries shuld be mre self-cnfident nw given the wrk we have dne s far. We shuld tell the vice-chancellrs, the research funders etc. that when they have signed the declaratins they are in fact calling fr a new system and that they shuld d smething abut it! They have t change the reward systems and tell the researchers t publish in Open Access and Stp frcing the libraries t supprt the ld system! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 30

31 The strng message we have t send t the research managers, vice-chancellrs, research funders and t the research cmmunity is: Stp the senseless utsurcing f schlarly cmmunicatin and publishing and reclaim the respnsibility fr the disseminatin f research results and research data. The libraries are mre than happy t help! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 31

32 But there is hpe! we have allies! The dminant system is beginning t implde! Game changers are emerging: Megajurnals like PLSONE are changing the landscape ther publishers are fllwing. Big funders are launching their wn jurnals elife! PeerJ - UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 32

33 Traditinal peer review is challenged! PeerEvaluatin - Peerage f Science - The gatekeeper functin f editrial bards d nt satisfy yunger researchers! I dn't want peple I dn't even knw deciding ver which papers are relevant t me! (Brembs) Altmetrics: There is mre hpe! UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 33

34 Innvative Open Access publishing initiatives need library supprt: Libraries as drivers fr change!! - III Open Editins Knwledge Unlatched - Scial Science Directry - Humanities Directry t fllw shrtly Cntinue t supprt OA, OA publishing and OA Insfrastructure services. BTW: D nt supprt Hybrid OA This is a parasite! N transparency what s ever. UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 34

35 There is even mre hpe! The system will implde r explde anyway! The mre we push fr Open Access, the mre we must be prepared fr the day when OA becmes the default! Better help it disrupt than be disrupted! Fllw Eric van de Veldes blg here - UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th 35

36 Sme f my recent talks & presentatins: Talk at the Berlin10 meeting in Stellenbsch - available here: Editrial in the UKSG news: Presentatin the sympsium in the Hague -Participatin in Research: Open Access crucial fr scientists in the glbal suth : Article in ScieCmInf: ew/5674 UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th Lars Bjørnshauge 36

37 We are grateful fr the supprt frm ur members in the audience: Kathlieke Universiteit Leuven Université Cathlique de Luvain Ghent University Cpenhagen University Helsinki University University f Osl KTH Ryal Institute f Technlgy Stckhlm University Biblithèque Cantnale et Universitaire Lausanne King s Cllege Lndn Jin SPARC Eurpé: UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th Lars Bjørnshauge 37

38 UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th Lars Bjørnshauge 38

39 Thank yu! Fr yur attentin. UNICA meeting, Brussels, Nv 27th Lars Bjørnshauge 39