EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits

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1 Jean-Michel Redoute Michiel Steyaert EMC of Analog Integrated Circuits ^J Springer

2 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1 The pioneers of wireless communication 1 2 Evolution of awareness of electromagnetic compatibility 3 3 Electromagnetic compatibility of integrated circuits 5 4 Scope of this book 7 2. BASIC EMC CONCEPTS AT 1С LEVEL Definition of EMC, EMI, EMS and EME 12 3 Sources of electromagnetic interference 14 4 Electromagnetism versus integrated circuit design Electrical length Near field versus far field Radiation of a conductor Basic EMC antenna concepts Radiated, induced and conducted disturbances Practical example 24 5 Intra-chip versus externally-coupled EMC 27 6 Analog versus digital integrated circuits 29 7 EMC in automotive applications 31 8 Immunity measurement methods for IC's: IEC

3 Vlll Contents 3. EMC OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS VERSUS DISTORTION Relationship between EMI resisting design and distortion study 1: diode connected NMOS transistor study 2: NMOS source follower Linear distortion Nonlinear distortion (rectification) Weak and strong nonlinear distortion study 3: NMOS current mirror Capacitor decoupling the mirror node Low-pass R-C filter in the mirror node Low-pass R-C filter in the drain of Mi EMI resisting (4-transistor) current mirror EMI resisting (Wilson totem pole) current mirror Comparison of EMI susceptibility of current mirrors study 4: EMI susceptibility in ESD protections Weak nonlinear distortion in ESD protections Strong nonlinear distortion in ESD protections ESD protections: general conclusions EMI induced DC shift 4. EMI RESISTING ANALOG OUTPUT CIRCUITS Categorization of analog output structures 2.1 Common-drain output circuits 2.2 Common-source output circuits 2.3 Comparing the electromagnetic susceptibility 2.4 Large EMI amplitudes study 1: EMI resisting DC current regulator EMI issues in a classic DC current regulator EMI issues: small signal analysis EMI issues: large signal analysis Decoupling capacitor Cd DC current regulator with a high immunity to EMI Measurements

4 Contents ix s ;tudy 2: EMI resisting LIN driver 4.1 Classic LIN driver Linear operation mode Nonlinear operation mode 4.2 EMI resisting LIN driver topology: LIN driver EMI path EMI path Slope control function Measurements 4.3 EMI resisting LIN driver topology: LIN driver Smart-power mode Slope pumping reduction Measurements RESISTING ANALOG INPUT CIRCUITS 2 study 1: electromagnetic immunity of CMOS operational amplifiers 2.1 Asymmetric slew rate 2.2 Strong nonlinear behavior of the input differential pair 2.3 Weak nonlinear behavior of the input differential pair EMI induced offset in a classic differential pair Classic differential pair using source degeneration Cross-coupled differential pair Differential pair with low-pass R-C filter Improved cross-coupled differential pair Source-buffered differential pair Comparison 2.4 EMI induced offset measurement setups 2.5 Measurements study 2: EMI resisting instrumentation amplifier input circuit Classic instrumentation amplifier input circuit Input circuit using current sources modulation Simulations 193

5 X Contents 6. EMI RESISTING BANDGAP REFERENCES AND LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORS study 1: CMOS bandgap voltage references with a high immunity to EMI EMI injection in a Kuijk bandgap reference (NPD) Small signal analysis Large signal analysis EMI resisting Kuijk bandgap reference (PPD) Small signal analysis Large signal analysis EMI resisting Kuijk bandgap reference (PPDAL) Small signal analysis Large signal analysis Startup circuit and biasing Measurements study 2: EMI resisting low dropout voltage regulators EMI issues in LDO voltage regulator circuits Design example EPILOGUE 227 REFERENCES 231 INDEX 241

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