Device Detection and Monitoring of Unintentional Radiated Emissions

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1 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory Automotive EMC Workshop Capable and Reliable Electronic Systems Design October 5, 212 Device Detection and Monitoring of Unintentional Radiated Emissions Todd Hubing Clemson University

2 CVEL Core Capabilities Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility Design for Reliability EM Modeling of Components and Systems Analysis of Unintentional EM Emissions Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

3 EMC Requirements and Key Design Considerations Radiated Emissions Radiated Susceptibility Transient Immunity Electrostatic Discharge Bulk Current Injection 1 HF GND Risetime Control Filtered I/O Adequate Decoupling Balance Control 1 HF GND Filtered I/O Adequate Decoupling Balance Control LF Current Path Control Chassis GND on board Filtered I/O Adequate Decoupling LF Current Path Control Chassis GND on board Filtered I/O Adequate Decoupling 1 HF GND Chassis GND on board Filtered I/O Adequate Decoupling Balance Control CVEL is the only U.S. laboratory to guarantee that the components they design will meet all automotive EMC requirements. 3

4 Maximum Coupling Calculations PORT 1 PORT 2 Maximum Radiated Emissions Calculator (MREMC) Calculate Maximum Possible S21 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

5 Detection of Electronic Devices FCC Emissions Test All electronic devices generate electromagnetic emissions Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

6 Detection of Electronic Devices Typical Field Strengths FCC Class A Device at 3 m FCC Class B Device at 3 m ~3 µv/m ~1 µv/m These field strengths are readily detectable and can be much stronger than fields from intentional transmitters located further away. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

7 Detection of Electronic Devices There is ample signal strength to detect these devices! Detecting unintentional emissions from electronic devices is simply a matter of recognizing the desired signal when it is buried in the noise from hundreds of other sources (both intentional and unintentional). Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

8 Detection of Electronic Devices Techniques developed to identify and trace sources of EMI AM/FM Demodulation Observation of Side Bands Short Term FFT Frequency Domain Signature Time Domain Signature Wavelet Filtering Singularity Expansion Method Combinations of the above Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

9 Detection of Electronic Devices Can we identify electronic devices based on their unintentional electromagnetic emissions? 8 6 Amp [dbuv] 4 2 Buried signal Freq [Hz] x 1 8 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

10 Can Devices Be Uniquely Identified? Radiated emissions were recorded from a variety of radio receivers used in IEDs. Results were analyzed by: Extracting characteristics of emissions in both the time and frequency domain. Re-sampling high-frequency electromagnetic recordings at audio frequencies to demonstrate unique characteristics of signals. Emission characteristics were used to build an instrument capable of automatically detecting and identifying emissions. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

11 Remote Control Toy Truck 5 x 18 Receiver Transmitter Time domain amplitude) Time domain amplitude) x Frequency (Hz) x x x Frequency (Hz) x 1-4 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

12 Wireless Doorbell 1 Receiver Transmitter Time domain amplitude) Frequency (Hz) 1 x x x x Frequency (Hz) Time domain amplitude) x x 1-4 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

13 Wireless Doorbell 2 Receiver Transmitter Time domain amplitude) 1 x x Frequency (Hz) x x Frequency (Hz) Time domain amplitude) x x 1-4 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

14 Wireless Phone Receiver Time domain amplitude) Frequency (Hz) 5 x x x 1-4 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

15 Digital Camera Frequency (GHz) 1.5 Voltage (volt) x x 1-4 Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

16 Video Camera Frequency (Hz) Time domain amplitude) 1 x x x Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

17 Filtering of Noise Toy Truck Reference In noisy environment Processed representation of reference Filtered representation of signal in noisy environment Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

18 Automatic Detection/Identification Automatic detection and identification has been demonstrated with 1% accuracy in noisy environments Currently detecting receivers 1 m away using readily available equipment with no analog filters or amplifiers Significantly improved algorithms and more sophisticated instrumentation promises a substantial increase in standoff distance Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

19 Automatic Detection/Identification Our latest detection algorithms are able to recognize the presence of signals that are deeply buried in the noise from other sources, even when those sources are operating at the same frequency. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory - 212

20 Electronic System Failure Prediction/Detection Two approaches to failure prediction/detection Monitor emissions to look for specific failure indicators. Analogous to listening for engine knock or wheel bearing whine in an automobile Monitor emissions to look for any departure from normal. Analogous to hearing a strange noise coming from the engine Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

21 Power Inverter Research Reducing Emissions from 3-Phase Motor Drivers < 3 MHz Active Cancelation of Common-Mode Currents > 3 MHz Passive Filtering of Common-Mode Currents Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

22 Identifying MOSFET and IGBT Failures Before They Occur PWM Switching Waveform (Low-side Drain Voltage) of a Power Inverter MOSFET Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

23 Identifying MOSFET and IGBT Failures Before They Occur Application of Matrix Pencil Method with Pre-Conditioning Pole Locations Corresponding to Low-Side Oscillation Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

24 CVEL Core Capabilities Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility Design for Reliability EM Modeling of Components and Systems Analysis of Unintentional EM Emissions Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory

Todd Hubing. Clemson Vehicular Electronics Laboratory Clemson University

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