RFID Based Bus Tracking System

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1 Based Bus Trackig System Swapil Bhosale, Abhishek Aru,Tushar Jashav,Vikas Kalokhe,Satosh Sambare Computer Egieerig Departmet. Pimpri Chichwad College of Egieerig. Nigdi, Pue, Idia Abstract-The iovatio i techology today has made our lifestyle much easier ad fu. This research work proposes ad implemets a solutio for ehacig public trasportatio maagemet services based o ad. The system cosists of three modules: Bus Module, Super statio Module ad Bus-Stop Module. The microcotroller based Bus Module cosistig maily of a modem ad Readers o the etry ad exit gs. Whe driver press the INIT butto, Bus module seds the bus umber ad licese pl umber to Super statio ad starts trasmittig its locatio to Super statio Module about a particular bus locatio out of Bus-Stops. Super statio Module equipped with a microcotroller uit ad modems iterfaced to PCs is desiged to keep track record of every bus, processes user request from roid mobile applicatio about a particular bus locatio out of Bus-Stops ad upds buses locatio o Bus-Stop s LCD display. Bus-Stop Module is istalled at every Bus-Stop ad cosists of a modem, tags ad LCD display all iterfaced to a microcotroller. This module receives bus locatio iformatio comig towards that stop from Super statio module ad displays the iformatio o a LCD display. Keywords- Reader,, Tag, LCD I. INTRODUCTION Radio-frequecy idetificatio () is a automatic idetificatio method, it is based o storig ad remotely retrievig iformatio usig device called tags or traspoders. The techology works with reader ad a tag. A tag is a object that ca be deployed to oto or ito a aimal, product or perso for the purpose of trackig ad idetificatio usig radio waves. RF tags ca be read from large distace away ad beyod the lie of sight of the reader. [3] The has come up as emergig techology which started evolvig i World War II. A system has several compoets which iclude tags, as ad readers. This set up ca be used either i high frequecy or ultra-high frequecy. I 1946, Leo Theremi iveted a toll for the Soviet Uio which retrasmitted radio waves with some audio iformatio attached to it. Though it was ot a idetificatio device it ca be cosidered a predecessor to the techology. I 1939, the Uited Kigdom uses IFF traspoder which was the used for idetifyig plaes as a ally plae or eemy plae as early i 19 th cetury i World War II. The traspoder of this kid is still used i today s aircrafts wherei the trasmissio ad receivig of waves is used. The pt from Mario Cardullo s i 1973 which talks about a passive radio traspoder attached to a memory was the true acestor of moder. [6] A system uses three compoet: a) A a b) A trasceiver (iclude decoder) c) A traspoder ( RF passive tag) Electroically programmed with uique iformatio. There are differet types of compoets out i the market. Their cgorizatio ca be doe with respect to frequecy power. Some of the most commoly used kits are as follows: 1) Low-frequecy (30 KHz KHz) 2) Mid-Frequecy (900 KHz MHz) 3) High Frequecy (2.4GHz - 2.5GHz) These frequecy rages mostly tell the RF rages of the tags from low frequecy tag ragig from about 3m to 5m, midfrequecy ragig from 5m to 17m ad high frequecy ragig from 5ft to 90ft. [3] Whe desigig this system, the followig costraits have bee cosidered: www,ijrcct.org Page 208

2 Modularity ad expadability costraits: the system must be modular i. Both hardware ad software should be segreg ito small compoets or modules to esure easy scalability for further feature expasios. Each module must work idepedetly ad produce data, so that crash or chages of oe module caot affect the other oes. Ecoomic costrait: Performace vs Cost should be cosidered so as to desig a cost-effective solutio. Evirometal costrait: I our desig ad implemetatio, impact upo eviromet should be cosidered. We should use Low power cosumptio devices to keep system at low power. Optimizatio of eergy should be ivolved i all the desig s steps.[3] II LITERATURE REVIEW Due to o-availability of prior iformatio about the buses arrival schedule, i the morig people waits o bus stops. The buses are overloaded for most of the times which ofte results i some kid of fault occurrece i buses ad people get l further. [1] The time required to travel by bus is liked with some parameters like traffic, accidets ad sow. I fact, buses are stuck i traffic ad the scheduled of buses are hampered by such situatios. Because of this the maagemet of the bus schedule is a hard task. Most of the bus statio used paperworks or fixed schedules. Supervisors are hired at super statio to cotrol the etrace ad the exit of buses. They prepare the trip schedules ad sheets cotaiig the schedules maually which is iaccur ad time cosumig. Subsequetly, trasport departmets have o visibility o real time iformatio about bus timigs, which results i u-utilizatio of resources. So, all these results i dissatisfactio ad icoveiece to millios of people. Therefore, accur ad timely trasit travel time iformatio is so importat. This techology ca be used to help the admiistrator to moitor the buses, the traffic while icreasig the satisfactio of the users [1] Well-kow examples of idetificatio techologies iclude Closed-Circuit Televisio (CCTV) ad Global Positioig System (GPS). CCTV ca be dep loyed at each etrace g ad image processig techiques ca be utilized to idetify the arrival of buses, where image recogitio was performed to detect the bus i traffic. Output from these tests has show poor performace i trackig based detectio (~20% precisio). Durig the past, GPS itegrd to Geographic Iformatio Systems (GIS) was used to moitor buses traffic. GPS receiver commuics with at least 4 sllites before givig the positio of the bus. It gives very good results; however, lie of sight betwee the receiver ad the sllites is required otherwise the GPS sigal is goig to be weaker ad atteud. This is a mai limitatio of this techology especially whe it comes to moitor bus traffic iside a udergroud bus statio. [7] Features GPS GPRS Data Trasmissi o Data Iformatio Cotrol cetre Hardware Cost Hardware Implemet atio Slow withi rage Oly delay due to sllit es blocki g Oly coordi s, GIS, GPS Mode r data ad coord is GPS, GPRS, GIS Faster Positio, picture ad vehicle iformat io Figure 1: Study & compariso of existig systems, ad roi d (Propo sed System ) Faster data, Positio, Vehicl e Iform atio No No No Yes Yes Low Simpl e Simple High High Low Com plex Comple x Reliability Less Less Mode at High r e Applicatio Speci Specifi Limit Limited Wide fic c ed GUI No No No Yes Yes Due to the limitatio of these techologies, ca be used to track public trasport service. This techology ca www,ijrcct.org Page 209

3 be effectively applied for real-time trackig ad idetificatio. was developed i the 1940s by the US departmet of defece (DoD) which used traspoders to differeti betwee friedly ad eemy aircrafts. Sice this time, techology has bee evolvig to chage the way people live ad work. Use of i differet areas is bee explored i may previous researches, from toll collectio, agriculture, access cotrol, supply chai, logistics, healthcare, ad library. techology ca respose to our trackig eeds that s why we used i our desig to idetify buses eterig ad leavig the bus statio.[1] III PROPOSED METHODOLOGY The proposed system architecture for the bus moitorig ad maagemet system is show i Figure 2. A black box cotaiig reader, modem is equipped i the movig bus. As the bus approaches a bus statio with a tag, the distace betwee the reader ad the tag decreases ad causes them to iteract with each other. This etwork commuicatio results i data ad the data obtaied is set to the Super statio via. [1] The data circulatio of the ad itegrd commuicatio techologies i the costructed system are show i Figure 3. The system is automatically tured o oce the bus is igited. Whe the bus ears a tagged Bus- Stop, devices iteract with each other. The reader the reads ad retrieves the iformatio saved iside the tag oce it recogizes the tag. If the commuicatio is successful, the iformatio of the bus ad the respective Bus-Stop is saved i the database; with the coditio that is ON. The data retrieved are the set to the Super statio via, ad this actio iitializes the data utilizatio. These data are stored i the database. Filtered, clea iformatio is set to the Bus-Stop module, which shows the data received from Super statio i.e. bus positios o the LCD display. Bus Module is istalled iside every bus ad cosists of a reader, a modem ad a emergecy butto; all iterfaced to AT89S52 microcotroller. After sedig the iitializatio sigal to Super statio Module, this module starts trasmittig bus locatio to the Super statio. At each stop, reader reads the tag o Bus-Stop ad seds data to Super statio. I case of a emergecy situatio (e.g., whe fault occurs i bus), driver ca press the emergecy butto to iform Super statio uits about Black Box READER READER Microcotroller Bus Stop Bus with Black Box Commui catio Lik BASE Statio DATABASE LCD Display o Bus Stop Figure 2: Architecture of Itelliget Bus Moitorig ad Maagemet System www,ijrcct.org Page 210

4 Figure 3: flowchart of Itegrd System the locatio of bus. The BUS statio operator ca the adjust the schedule accordigly ad sed a additioal bus for facilitatig the passegers. The block diagram for this module is show i Figure 4. [1] Super statio module is the cetral part of the etwork. It accepts curret locatio of buses through respective. The PC after processig the data seds desired locatio iformatio i form of Bus-Stop ame to microcotroller at Bus-Stop module. Super statio also moitors the emergecy situatios trasmitted from Bus Module. The block diagram of the module is show i Figure 5. MICROCONTROLLER at BUS stop MODEM LCD DISPLAY Figure 5: Block Diagram of Super statio Module I case of ay emergecy, the respective iformatio is displayed o Bus Stops. The block diagram of this module is show i Figure 6. BASE STATION LCD INIT BUTTON EMERGENCY BUTTON MAIN MICROCONT ROLLER AT89S52 BACKUP BATTERY MODEM Figure 6: Block Diagram of Bus-Stop Module MICROCONTROLLER READER Figure 4: Block Diagram of Bus Module Bus-Stop module is istalled at every Bus-Stop to let the passeger kow about the locatio of buses comig towards that stop. It comprises of a modem, LCD display; all iterfaced to AT89S52 microcotroller. Microcotroller after retrievig the stored iformatio displays it o LCD display. [4] BUS Positio MODEM PC at BASE Statio IV CONCLUSION I this research work, desig ad developmet of a low cost trasportatio maagemet system based o itegratio of ad data is described. The system makes use of various modules which are wirelessly liked with modems. SMS service of etwork very cost effective so it is used for the trasfer of data betwee the modules. This service provides the user with the iformatio about locatio of desired buses so that the user ca adjust his schedule accordigly. This techology outds the eed of waitig at the Bus-Stop thus savig a lot of time. Displays are used at Bus-Stop to let passegers kow the expected time to arrive ad bus locatios comig towards that stop. The system made such that it ca also hadle the emergecy situatios e.g., tire of bus is puctured, i case some kid of techical or o-techical fault i bus, the operator at bus termial is iformed ad the departure time betwee the buses is reduced.[5] www,ijrcct.org Page 211

5 It is believed that by the implemetatio of this system, problems such as u-utilizatio of buses ad waitig time at the bus statio will be reduced. So, both bus statio admiistrators ad passeger will beefit from the system as real time iformatio is provided. V FUTURE SCOPE A automatic route guider display ca be istalled i buses to better upd the alterative route i case of serious road cogestios. We ca coect reader wirelessly to the host applicatio. There are may wireless techologies that ca be used such as Bluetooth ( ) ad ZigBee ( ) to exted the rage of a reader. Fare collectig system ca also be automd by providig aother mobile service to which all the passegers usig public trasport are subscribed. REFERENCES [1] Mahammad Abdul Haa, Aishah Mustapha,Abdulla Al Mamu, Aii Hussai, Hassa Basri, ad commuicatio techologies for a itelliget bus moitorig ad maagemet system [2] Be Ammar Hm, Hamam Habib, Bus Maagemet System Usig i WSN, Europea ad Mediterraea Coferece o Iformatio Systems 2010 [3] Akshay Bal, Based Idetificatio System, April 2009 [4] Lv Zhia Hu Ha, A Bus Maagemet System Based o ZigBee ad /GPRS, 201O Iteratioal Coforece o Computer Applicatio ad System Modelig (ICCASM 2010) [5] Umar Farooq, Taveer ul Haq, Seior Member IEEE, Muhammad Amar, Muhammad Usma Asad, Asim Iqbal, GPS- Itegratio for Ehacig Public Trasportatio Maagemet Services, 2010 Secod Iteratioal Coferece o Computer Egieerig ad Applicatios [6] José I. Sa Jose, José M. Pastor, R. Zagróiz, Jua J. de Dios, Trackig for urba trasportatio usig EPCGlobal-based WebServices, th Iteratioal Coferece o Advaced Iformatio Networkig ad Applicatios Workshops [7] Teki. Naga. Padmaja, Tejavath. Reuka, Aatha. Sushmitha. Srilakshmi, Desig of Based Smoke Detectio ad Temperature Moitorig System, Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig Research & Techology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 4, April 2013 ISSN: [8] Bo Ya, Dayu Lee;, "Desig of Sight Spot Ticket Maagemet System Based o ", pp , 2009 Iteratioal Coferece o Networks Security, Wireless Commuicatios ad Trusted Computig. [9] Berard Meezes1, Kamlesh Laddhad, Karthik B. KReSIT, Challeges i Deploymet A Case Study i Public Trasportatio www,ijrcct.org Page 212

Radar emitter recognition method based on AdaBoost and decision tree Tang Xiaojing1, a, Chen Weigao1 and Zhu Weigang1 1

Radar emitter recognition method based on AdaBoost and decision tree Tang Xiaojing1, a, Chen Weigao1 and Zhu Weigang1 1 Advaces i Egieerig Research, volume 8 d Iteratioal Coferece o Automatio, Mechaical Cotrol ad Computatioal Egieerig (AMCCE 7) Radar emitter recogitio method based o AdaBoost ad decisio tree Tag Xiaojig,