Design of FPGA- Based SPWM Single Phase Full-Bridge Inverter
|
|
- Barbra Allison
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Desig of FPGA- Based SPWM Sigle Phase Full-Bridge Iverter Afarulrazi Abu Bakar 1, *,Md Zarafi Ahmad 1 ad Farrah Salwai Abdullah 1 1 Faculty of Electrical ad Electroic Egieerig, UTHM * afarul@uthm.edu.my Abstract Nowadays power iverters serve as a importat emergecy power supply system i evets of mai power supply failure. The AC output voltage of a power electroic iverter is usually o-siusoidal ad hece has a high harmoic cotet. Siusoidal Pulse Width Modulatio (SPWM) scheme is ormally used to covert the DC power supply ito AC power supply by comparig the referece voltage waveform with the triagular waveform kow as carrier. SPWM provides a way to reduce the total harmoic distortio of load curret. The objective of this paper is to demostrate a SPWM switchig scheme by usig Altera DE2-70 board. I this SPWM techique, a siusoidal referece voltage waveform is compared with the triagular carrier voltage to geerate the o ad off switchig states. This switchig scheme will trigger the gate of the power switch. I this paper, the SPWM switchig strategies implemeted usig Altera DE2-70 (Cycloe II EP2C35F672C6) with 16 bit serial cofiguratio devices. The switchig betwee referece ad carrier waveforms of SPWM is obtaied by usig Matlab software. Simulatio o the desig waveform is coducted usig Quartus II software tools provided by Altera. The output frequecy of SPWM is 50 Hz ad the desig is limited to two values of modulatio idices which are 0.5 ad Keywords: SPWM-Siusoidal Pulse Width Modulatio, FPGA-Field Programmable Logic Array, VHDL- Very High Descriptio Laguage.
2 1. INTRODUCTION Pulse width modulatio (PWM) is the most popular switchig techique used i several types of coverters with a appropriate switchig scheme to produce a desired switchig patter. PWM is oe of the switchig techiques used for a AC-to-DC coverter to produce a AC output sigal fed from DC iput [1]. The o ad off scheme is based o the itersectio of the triagular carrier sigal ad a costat DC referece sigal. The PWM techique still cotais a harmoics ad aother approach is to use Siusoidal Pulse Width Modulatio (SPWM) switchig techique [2]. This paper presets the work carried out to produce the bipolar SPWM cotrol sigal. I SPWM a fixed triagular waveform is compared with a siusoidal waveform ad the amplitude of output waveform ca be varied from rage 0 to 1 [1]. The o ad off switchig states will be geerated whe the istataeous value of the referece sigal is larger tha the triagular carrier. I order to implemet SPWM switchig usig Altera DE2-70 board, the switchig iterval betwee each crossig is calculated usig Matlab software. The crossover poit of the sigal is the trasferred ito a table. For the hardware, Altera DE2-70 Cycloe II DE-2 70 is used. It provides a wide rage of desity, memory, embedded multiplier ad packagig optios i a customer-defied FPGA feature set optimized for low-cost applicatios. I additio, Cycloe II FPGA also supports a wide rage of commo exteral memory iterfaces ad I/O protocols commo i lowcost applicatios. It is expected the use of FPGA easier to geerate the cotrol sigal for sigle phase full bridge iverter. Furthermore, the desig of the switchig pulse ca be altered without ay chages i hardware. This is the mai advatage of this approach that applied the FPGA techology where there is a flexibility of ay chage o the switchig parameter ad directly elimiates the complexity of the hardware. Matlab M-File. The program is capable to produce the SPWM waveform characteristic over several rages of frequecies, modulatio ad umber of pulses. The iput data is processed through a mathematical programmig ad the itersectio betwee referece sigal ad carrier sigal geerates PWM pulses for a period of α to ß i each pulse as show i Fig. 2. I Fig. 2, is the umber of pulse for half cycle of referece sigal. The program is implemeted usig Matlab/M-file programmig ad is achieved through six steps as demostrated i Fig. 3. Fig 2 Geeratio of SPWM switchig scheme Fig. 3 Block diagram of Matlab Programmig I this paper, the selected frequecy of the output iverter is 50Hz with two modulatio idices that is 0.75 ad 0.5. The SPWM output sigal is recorded based o time scale ad degree scale. These data are used to produce the SPWM switchig states whereas the time will be digitized. Fig. 1 Sigle phase Full-Bridge Iverter 2. MATLAB PROGRAMMING A program is developed from the fudametal cocept of the SPWM switchig techique by usig 3. SWITCHING STRATEGIES The coverter is used a Isulated Gate Bipolar Trasistor (IGBT) as the switchig device. The IGBTs have simpler drivig circuits tha other power switchig devices which lead to high-power applicatio. The iverter is sigle phase full-bridge topology with IGBT used as switchig devices. The 50Hz referece frequecy data ad the chose modulatio iduces are obtai from Matlab software the depicted i Table 1 (a) ad (b) respectively. The recorded data are take over oe complete cycle of
3 referece sigal. Iitially, the data recorded are i degree scale; this are coverted to time scale. I this form, the data is easier to use to geerate digital SPWM sigal. From the table, it ca be observed that the width of each pulse at the begiig ad at the ed of every half cycle i the same scale. For istat, the positive half cycle of referece sigal, the width of the pulse t 1 is equal to the pulse of t 20. The period of the referece iput frequecy is 1 T = f ref For the half cycle, T 2 (1) The values of α, β ad the width of the pulses expressed i term of time ca be determied from equatios (3), (4), ad (5) respectively. T / 2 α ( t) = α ( ) 180 T / 2 β ( t) = β ( ) 180 (2) (3) Width = β α (4) All the calculated itersectio values for α ad β are show i Table 1 (a) ad (b). The last itersectio poit betwee the referece sigal ad carrier sigal occurs at β 40 which is equal to 19.76ms ad this happes at the last pulse over oe cycle of 20ms. Table 1: (a) ad (b): Data obtaied from Matlab for modulatio idices 0.5 ad 0.75 (b) 4. VHDL PROGRAMMING USING QUARTUS II By usig Quartus II 8.0 sp1 software provided by Altera, the data obtaied from Table 1 digitized for implemetatio i Quartus II software. Fig. 4 illustrates the block diagram of the complete SPWM geerator for modulatio idices 0.5 ad The block diagram cosists of altpll which is able to geerate a 25 MHz clock output from the 50 MHz iteral clock of Altera DE2-70 board. The altpll megafuctio ca be used to geerate other clock. It ca be set to operate at multiples frequecy. The clock divider is applied to divide iteral clock of Altera DE2-70 board ito several frequecy rages. For example, the iteral clock frequecy ca be divided ito 25 MHz, 1 MHz, 100 khz, 1 khz ad etc. The, the 1 MHz of the output frequecy of clock divider is coected to the lpm_couter which cout from 0 to over oe complete cycle. This meas, oe cycle of this frequecy represets the period of 1 µs. The lpm_couter megafuctio is a biary couter that either ca be set for coutig up, dow or simultaeously. The o ad off sigal is created by VHDL programmig ad geerator coverted ito block diagram. The VHDL program for 0.75 ad 0.5 modulatio idices are created by employig four switches which are operated i pairs at a time (S1-S2 ad S3-S4). (a)
4 Files (.sof). The cofiguratio data for devices are dowloadad to programm the hardware. The voltage level of the iput ad output o the expasio header ca be adjusted to 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V. Fig. 4 Block diagram of SPWM geerator Before uploadig the program ito DE2-70 board, the SPWM sigal is first simulated by usig Waveform Editor. Fig. 5 shows the output SPWM geerated. At this poit, the measured value is compared with the differet betwee the observed. The shapes of the SPWM waveform at high speeds for short iterval ca be observed by usig compress optio to compress the waveform. The output of the SPWM geerator is the assiged to the expasio header of the DE2 board through Pi Plaer. The expasio headers coect directly to 36 pis of the Cycloe II FPGA chip. Table 2 show the output cotrol sigal available at expasio header pis. 5. RESULTS Tektroix four chael digital oscilloscope TDS3054B is used to measure the output voltage from the DE2-70 board. The experimet was coducted for both modulatios which are 0.5 ad Fig. 6 ad Fig. 7 demostrate the width differece implemetatio modulatio 0.5 ad 0.75 respectively. I actual situatio, the upper traces sigals of Fig. 6 ad Fig. 7 are used to cotrol the turig o/off of the power switches S1S2 while the lower traces is to cotrol power switches S3S4 of the iverter. The width of both pulses from t 1 to t 40 is aalyzed ad compared with the simulated sigal usig Quartus II software. The timig differeces betwee the waveform at the scree are compared for verificatio check for accuracy. Thus it ca be said that the accuracy of the iteral clock of the DE2 board is very precise. Fig. 5 Cotrol sigal for 0.5 ad 0.75 Fig. 6 Output sigal for modulatio idex 0.5 Table 2: Output of SPWM coected to expasio header DE2 board Modulatio Idices (ma) Switch S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 Expasio Header PIN N_24 PIN N_29 PIN M_22 PIN M_21 PIN N_21 PIN N_22 PIN L_21 PIN L_22 The Assembler which is the compiler module that completes project processig will geerate a device programmig image. For the FPGAs, this programmig image is i the form of oe or more Programmer Object Files (.pof) ad SRAM Object Fig. 7 Output sigal for modulatio idex 0.75
5 Fig. 8 Dead time for 0.5 modulatio idex Fig. 11 Output sigal for S1S2 ad S3S4 with modulatio idex= 0.75 Fig. 9 Dead time for 0.75 modulatio idex Fig. 8 ad Fig. 9 show the dead time betwee switches S1S2 ad S3S4 for the modulatio idices of 0.5 ad 0.75 respectively. From these figures, it ca be observed that the dead time for modulatio idices 0.5 ad 0.75 are 420µs ad 460µs respectively. The occurrece of dead time betwee the S1S2 ad S3S4 shows that the sigal is possible to be implemeted. It is based o the characteristics of the tur o ad tur off of the IGBT which up to ao secod. The SPWM sigals with the modulatio idices of 0.5 ad 0.75 have the amplitudes of 3.3 V ad 3.24 V respectively ad show i Fig. 10 ad Fig CONCLUSIONS This paper has outlied ad illustrated a method to obtai the switchig pulses i geeratig a SPWM sigal for a sigle-phase iverter. The SPWM sigal has bee desig ad tested usig Quartus II software ad implemeted o Altera DE2-70 Board. The modulatio idex, umber of pulses over a period ad the output frequecy ca be easily chaged usig the program. The SPWM sigal is uploaded o a sigle chip of Altera Board ad it capable to provide flexibility, reliability ad ease to program i order to cotrol a sigle-phase iverter. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author/authors would like to thak Uiversiti Tu Hussei O Malaysia (UTHM) for supportig this research uder the Short Term Research Grat. REFERENCES [1] Muhammad, H. Rashid. Power Electroics Circuits, Devices ad Applicatio. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pretice Hall, [2] M. N. Md Isa, M.I. Ahmad, Sohiful A.Z. Murad ad M. K. Md Arshad, FPGA Based SPWM Bridge Iverter, America Joural of Applied Scieces 4 (8), 2007, pp Fig. 10 Output sigal for S1S2 ad S3S4 with modulatio idex= 0.5
Design of FPGA Based SPWM Single Phase Inverter
Proceedigs of MUCEET2009 Malaysia Techical Uiversities Coferece o Egieerig ad Techology Jue 20-22, 2009, MS Garde,Kuata, Pahag, Malaysia MUCEET2009 Desig of FPGA Based SPWM Sigle Phase Iverter Afarulrazi
More informationDesign of FPGA- Based SPWM Single Phase Full-Bridge Inverter
Design of FPGA- Based SPWM Single Phase Full-Bridge Inverter Afarulrazi Abu Bakar 1, *,Md Zarafi Ahmad 1 and Farrah Salwani Abdullah 1 1 Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, UTHM *Email:afarul@uthm.edu.my
More informationSEVEN-LEVEL THREE PHASE CASCADED H-BRIDGE INVERTER WITH A SINGLE DC SOURCE
SEVEN-LEVEL THREE PHASE CASCADED H-BRIDGE INVERTER WITH A SINGLE DC SOURCE T. Porselvi 1 ad Ragaath Muthu 1 Sri Sairam Egieerig College, Cheai, Idia SSN College of Egieerig, Cheai, Idia E-Mail: tporselvi@yahoo.com
More informationMultilevel Inverter with Dual Reference Modulation Technique for Grid-Connected PV System
Multilevel Iverter with Dual Referece Modulatio Techique f Grid-Coected PV System N. A. Rahim, Sei Member, IEEE, J. Selvaraj Abstract This paper presets a sigle-phase five-level gridcoected PV iverter
More informationAN ESTIMATION OF MULTILEVEL INVERTER FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE
9 IJRIC. All rights reserved. IJRIC www.ijric.org E-ISSN: 76-3336 AN ESTIMATION OF MULTILEVEL INVERTER FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE K.RAMANI AND DR.A. KRISHNAN SMIEEE Seior Lecturer i the Departmet of EEE
More informationSingle Bit DACs in a Nutshell. Part I DAC Basics
Sigle Bit DACs i a Nutshell Part I DAC Basics By Dave Va Ess, Pricipal Applicatio Egieer, Cypress Semicoductor May embedded applicatios require geeratig aalog outputs uder digital cotrol. It may be a DC
More informationMEASUREMENT AND CONTORL OF TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION IN FREQUENCY RANGE 0,02-10KHZ.
ELECTRONICS 00 September, Sozopol, BLGARIA MEASREMENT AND CONTORL OF TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION IN FREQENCY RANGE 0,0-0KHZ. Plame Agelov Agelov Faculty for Computer Sciece, Egieerig ad Natural Studies,
More informationPerformance and Analysis with Power Quality improvement with Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter Fed BLDC Motor Drive
Iteratioal Joural of Recet Advaces i Egieerig & Techology (IJRAET) Performace ad Aalysis with Power Quality improvemet with Cascaded Multi-Level Iverter Fed BLDC Motor Drive 1 N. Raveedra, 2 V.Madhu Sudha
More informationIntermediate Information Structures
Modified from Maria s lectures CPSC 335 Itermediate Iformatio Structures LECTURE 11 Compressio ad Huffma Codig Jo Roke Computer Sciece Uiversity of Calgary Caada Lecture Overview Codes ad Optimal Codes
More informationOutline. Motivation. Analog Functional Testing in Mixed-Signal Systems. Motivation and Background. Built-In Self-Test Architecture
Aalog Fuctioal Testig i Mixed-Sigal s Jie Qi Dept. of Electrical & Computer Egieerig Aubur Uiversity Co-Advisors: Charles Stroud ad Foster Dai Outlie Motivatio ad Backgroud Built-I Self-Test Architecture
More informationDIGITALLY TUNED SINUSOIDAL OSCILLATOR USING MULTIPLE- OUTPUT CURRENT OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER FOR APPLICATIONS IN HIGH STABLE ACOUSTICAL GENERATORS
Molecular ad Quatum Acoustics vol. 7, (6) 95 DGTALL TUNED SNUSODAL OSCLLATOR USNG MULTPLE- OUTPUT CURRENT OPERATONAL AMPLFER FOR APPLCATONS N HGH STABLE ACOUSTCAL GENERATORS Lesław TOPÓR-KAMŃSK Faculty
More informationINCREASE OF STRAIN GAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SIGNALS ACCURACY USING VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT WITH HARMONIC EXCITATION
XIX IMEKO World Cogress Fudametal ad Applied Metrology September 6, 9, Lisbo, Portugal INCREASE OF STRAIN GAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE SIGNALS ACCURACY USING VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT WITH HARMONIC EXCITATION Dalibor
More informationA New Basic Unit for Cascaded Multilevel Inverters with the Capability of Reducing the Number of Switches
Joural of Power Electroics, ol, o, pp 67-677, July 67 JPE --6 http://dxdoiorg/6/jpe67 I(Prit: 98-9 / I(Olie: 9-78 A ew Basic Uit for Cascaded Multi Iverters with the Capability of Reducig the umber of
More informationLaboratory Exercise 3: Dynamic System Response Laboratory Handout AME 250: Fundamentals of Measurements and Data Analysis
Laboratory Exercise 3: Dyamic System Respose Laboratory Hadout AME 50: Fudametals of Measuremets ad Data Aalysis Prepared by: Matthew Beigto Date exercises to be performed: Deliverables: Part I 1) Usig
More informationHigh-Order CCII-Based Mixed-Mode Universal Filter
High-Order CCII-Based Mixed-Mode Uiversal Filter Che-Nog Lee Departmet of Computer ad Commuicatio Egieerig, Taipei Chegshih Uiversity of Sciece ad Techology, Taipei, Taiwa, R. O. C. Abstract This paper
More informationELEC 204 Digital Systems Design
Fall 2013, Koç Uiversity ELEC 204 Digital Systems Desig Egi Erzi College of Egieerig Koç Uiversity,Istabul,Turkey eerzi@ku.edu.tr KU College of Egieerig Elec 204: Digital Systems Desig 1 Today: Datapaths
More informationA Bipolar Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier for Gas Lasers
America Joural of Applied cieces 4 (10): 79-799, 007 N 1546-99 007 ciece Publicatios orrespodig Author: A Bipolar ockcroft-walto Voltage Multiplier for Gas Lasers hahid qbal ad Rosli Besar Faculty of Egieerig
More informationTechnical Explanation for Counters
Techical Explaatio for ers CSM_er_TG_E Itroductio What Is a er? A er is a device that couts the umber of objects or the umber of operatios. It is called a er because it couts the umber of ON/OFF sigals
More informationData Acquisition System for Electric Vehicle s Driving Motor Test Bench Based on VC++ *
Available olie at www.sciecedirect.com Physics Procedia 33 (0 ) 75 73 0 Iteratioal Coferece o Medical Physics ad Biomedical Egieerig Data Acquisitio System for Electric Vehicle s Drivig Motor Test Bech
More informationTotal Harmonics Distortion Reduction Using Adaptive, Weiner, and Kalman Filters
Wester Michiga Uiversity ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 6-2016 Total Harmoics Distortio Reductio Usig Adaptive, Weier, ad Kalma Filters Liqaa Alhafadhi Wester Michiga Uiversity, liquaa.alhafadhi@yahoo.com
More informationR. W. Erickson. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder
R. W. Erickso Departmet of Electrical, Computer, ad Eergy Egieerig Uiversity of Colorado, Boulder Specific o-resistace R o as a fuctio of breakdow voltage V B Majority-carrier device: AARR #$ = kk μμ $
More informationA New 3-Bit Integrating Time to Digital Converter Using Time to Voltage Conversion Technique
Bulleti of Eviromet, Pharmacology ad Life Scieces Bull. Ev. Pharmacol. Life Sci., ol 3 [11] October 2014:115-122 2014 Academy for Eviromet ad Life Scieces, dia Olie SSN 2277-1808 Joural s URL:http://www.bepls.com
More informationSynchronization of the distributed PWM carrier waves for Modular Multilevel Converters
Sychroizatio of the distributed PWM carrier waves for Modular Multilevel Coverters Paul Da Burlacu, Laszlo Mathe, IEEE Member ad Remus Teodorescu, IEEE Fellow Member Departmet of Eergy Techology, Aalborg
More informationCOMPRESSION OF TRANSMULTIPLEXED ACOUSTIC SIGNALS
COMPRESSION OF TRANSMULTIPLEXED ACOUSTIC SIGNALS Mariusz Ziółko, Przemysław Sypka ad Bartosz Ziółko Departmet of Electroics, AGH Uiversity of Sciece ad Techology, al. Mickiewicza 3, 3-59 Kraków, Polad,
More informationChapter 3 Digital Logic Structures
Copyright The McGraw-HillCompaies, Ic. Permissio required for reproductio or display. Computig Layers Chapter 3 Digital Logic Structures Problems Algorithms Laguage Istructio Set Architecture Microarchitecture
More informationBasic Symbols for Register Transfers. Symbol Description Examples
T-58 Basic Symbols for Register Trasfers TABLE 7- Basic Symbols for Register Trasfers Symbol Descriptio Examples Letters Deotes a register AR, R2, DR, IR (ad umerals) Paretheses Deotes a part of a register
More informationA New Design of Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Antenna
Joural of Commuicatio Egieerig, Vol., No., Ja.-Jue 0 67 A New Desig of Log-Periodic Dipole Array (LPDA) Atea Javad Ghalibafa, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi, ad Seyed Hassa Sedighy Departmet of Electrical Egieerig,
More informationCP 405/EC 422 MODEL TEST PAPER - 1 PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS. Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 100
PULSE & DIGITAL CIRCUITS Time: Three Hours Maximum Marks: 0 Aswer five questios, takig ANY TWO from Group A, ay two from Group B ad all from Group C. All parts of a questio (a, b, etc. ) should be aswered
More informationA Novel Small Signal Power Line Quality Measurement System
IMTC 3 - Istrumetatio ad Measuremet Techology Coferece Vail, CO, USA, - May 3 A ovel Small Sigal Power Lie Quality Measuremet System Paul B. Crilly, Erik Leadro Boaldi, Levy Ely de Lacarda de Oliveira,
More informationR. W. Erickson. Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering University of Colorado, Boulder
R. W. Erickso Departmet of Electrical, Computer, ad Eergy Egieerig Uiversity of Colorado, Boulder 4.2.2. The Power MOSFET Gate Source Gate legths approachig oe micro p - p Cosists of may small ehacemetmode
More informationModel Display digit Size Output Power supply 24VAC 50/60Hz, 24-48VDC 9999 (4-digit) 1-stage setting
FXY Series DIN W7 6mm Of er/timer With Idicatio Oly Features ig speed: cps/cps/kcps/kcps Selectable voltage iput (PNP) method or o-voltage iput (NPN) method Iput mode: Up, Dow, Dow Dot for Decimal Poit
More informationTwo and four-quadrant DC/DC converters with SCALE drivers
Applicatio Note wo ad four-quadrat / coverters with A drivers Notes for the use of dead-time logic by Heiz üedi, -ocept echology td. witzerlad troductio Whereas the most widely used / coverter topologies
More informationAnalysis and Optimization Design of Snubber Cricuit for Isolated DC-DC Converters in DC Power Grid
Aalysis ad Optimizatio Desig of Subber Cricuit for Isolated DC-DC Coverters i DC Power Grid Koji Orikawa Nagaoka Uiversity of Techology Nagaoka, Japa orikawa@st.agaokaut.ac.jp Ju-ichi Itoh Nagaoka Uiversity
More informationELEC 350 Electronics I Fall 2014
ELEC 350 Electroics I Fall 04 Fial Exam Geeral Iformatio Rough breakdow of topic coverage: 0-5% JT fudametals ad regios of operatio 0-40% MOSFET fudametals biasig ad small-sigal modelig 0-5% iodes (p-juctio
More informationMeasurement of Equivalent Input Distortion AN 20
Measuremet of Equivalet Iput Distortio AN 2 Applicatio Note to the R&D SYSTEM Traditioal measuremets of harmoic distortio performed o loudspeakers reveal ot oly the symptoms of the oliearities but also
More informationPRACTICAL FILTER DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION LAB
1 of 7 PRACTICAL FILTER DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION LAB BEFORE YOU BEGIN PREREQUISITE LABS Itroductio to Oscilloscope Itroductio to Arbitrary/Fuctio Geerator EXPECTED KNOWLEDGE Uderstadig of LTI systems. Laplace
More informationIndicator No mark Single preset Dual preset DIN W144 H72mm DIN W48 H96mm No mark DIN W72 H72mm (4 digit) (6 digit) Counter/Timer
FX/FX/FX Series DIN W7 7, W8 96, W 7mm er/timer Features 6 iput modes ad output modes ig speed: cps/cps/kcps/kcps Selectable voltage iput (PNP) or No voltage iput (NPN) dditio of Up/Dow iput mode Wide
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE UNDERSTANDING EFFECTIVE BITS
APPLICATION NOTE AN95091 INTRODUCTION UNDERSTANDING EFFECTIVE BITS Toy Girard, Sigatec, Desig ad Applicatios Egieer Oe criteria ofte used to evaluate a Aalog to Digital Coverter (ADC) or data acquisitio
More informationLab 2: Common Source Amplifier.
epartet of Electrical ad Coputer Egieerig Fall 1 Lab : Coo Source plifier. 1. OBJECTIVES Study ad characterize Coo Source aplifier: Bias CS ap usig MOSFET curret irror; Measure gai of CS ap with resistive
More informationA SELECTIVE POINTER FORWARDING STRATEGY FOR LOCATION TRACKING IN PERSONAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
A SELETIVE POINTE FOWADING STATEGY FO LOATION TAKING IN PESONAL OUNIATION SYSTES Seo G. hag ad hae Y. Lee Departmet of Idustrial Egieerig, KAIST 373-, Kusug-Dog, Taejo, Korea, 305-70 cylee@heuristic.kaist.ac.kr
More informationPRACTICAL ANALOG DESIGN TECHNIQUES
PRACTICAL ANALOG DESIGN TECHNIQUES SINGLE-SUPPLY AMPLIFIERS HIGH SPEED OP AMPS HIGH RESOLUTION SIGNAL CONDITIONING ADCs HIGH SPEED SAMPLING ADCs UNDERSAMPLING APPLICATIONS MULTICHANNEL APPLICATIONS OVERVOLTAGE
More informationFPGA Implementation of the Ternary Pulse Compression Sequences
FPGA Implemetatio of the Terary Pulse Compressio Sequeces N.Balaji 1, M. Sriivasa rao, K.Subba Rao 3, S.P.Sigh 4 ad N. Madhusudhaa Reddy 4 Abstract Terary codes have bee widely used i radar ad commuicatio
More informationTMCM BLDC MODULE. Reference and Programming Manual
TMCM BLDC MODULE Referece ad Programmig Maual (modules: TMCM-160, TMCM-163) Versio 1.09 August 10 th, 2007 Triamic Motio Cotrol GmbH & Co. KG Sterstraße 67 D 20357 Hamburg, Germay http:www.triamic.com
More informationICM7213. One Second/One Minute Timebase Generator. Features. Description. Ordering Information. Pinout. August 1997
August 997 Features Guarateed V Operatio Very Low Curret Cosumptio (Typ).... µa at V All Outputs TTL Compatible O Chip Oscillator Feedback Resistor Oscillator Requires Oly Exteral compoets: Fixed Capacitor,
More information信號與系統 Signals and Systems
Sprig 24 信號與系統 Sigals ad Systems Chapter SS- Sigals ad Systems Feg-Li Lia NTU-EE Feb4 Ju4 Figures ad images used i these lecture otes are adopted from Sigals & Systems by Ala V. Oppeheim ad Ala S. Willsky,
More information4. INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE
DATA COMMUNICATIONS 59 4. INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE 4.1 OBJECT The effects of restricted badwidth i basebad data trasmissio will be studied. Measuremets relative to itersymbol iterferece, usig the eye patter
More informationAnalysis of Neutral Point Clamped Multilevel Inverter Using Space Vector Modulation Technique
Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad Techical Research (IJETR) ISSN: 2321-869, Volume-3, Issue-2, February 215 Aalysis of Neutral Poit Clamped Multilevel Iverter Usig Space Vector Modulatio Techique M.Aad,
More informationA Series Compensation Technique for Enhancement of Power Quality Isolated Power System Venkateshwara Rao R K.Satish Babu
A Series Compesatio Techique for Ehacemet of Power Quality Isolated Power System ekateshwara Rao R K.Satish Babu PG Studet [P.E], Dept of EEE, DR & DR. H S MIC College of Tech, A.P, Idia Assistat Professor,
More informationAnalysis of SDR GNSS Using MATLAB
Iteratioal Joural of Computer Techology ad Electroics Egieerig (IJCTEE) Volume 5, Issue 3, Jue 2015 Aalysis of SDR GNSS Usig MATLAB Abstract This paper explais a software defied radio global avigatio satellite
More information信號與系統 Signals and Systems
Sprig 2 信號與系統 Sigals ad Systems Chapter SS- Sigals ad Systems Feg-Li Lia NTU-EE Feb Ju Figures ad images used i these lecture otes are adopted from Sigals & Systems by Ala V. Oppeheim ad Ala S. Willsky,
More informationThe Detection of Abrupt Changes in Fatigue Data by Using Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) Method
Proceedigs of the th WSEAS Iteratioal Coferece o APPLIED ad THEORETICAL MECHANICS (MECHANICS '8) The Detectio of Abrupt Chages i Fatigue Data by Usig Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) Method Z. M. NOPIAH, M.N.BAHARIN,
More informationDevelopment of Improved Diode Clamped Multilevel Inverter Using Optimized Selective Harmonic Elimination Technique
Emergig Treds i Electrical, Electroics & Istrumetatio Egieerig: A iteratioal Joural (EEIEJ), Vol, No, August Developmet of Improved Diode Clamped Multilevel Iverter Usig Optimized Selective Harmoic Elimiatio
More informationCHAPTER 5 A NEAR-LOSSLESS RUN-LENGTH CODER
95 CHAPTER 5 A NEAR-LOSSLESS RUN-LENGTH CODER 5.1 GENERAL Ru-legth codig is a lossless image compressio techique, which produces modest compressio ratios. Oe way of icreasig the compressio ratio of a ru-legth
More informationA GHz Constant KVCO Low Phase Noise LC-VCO and an Optimized Automatic Frequency Calibrator Applied in PLL Frequency Synthesizer
A 4.6-5.6 GHz Costat KVCO Low Phase Noise LC-VCO ad a Optimized Automatic Frequecy Calibrator Applied i PLL Frequecy Sythesizer Hogguag Zhag, Pa Xue, Zhiliag Hog State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System Fuda
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF RNS FIR FILTERS FOR 6-INPUTS LUT BASED FPGAS
OPTIMIZATION OF RNS FIR FILTERS FOR 6-INPUTS LUT BASED FPGAS G.C. Cardarilli, M. Re, A. Salsao Uiversity of Rome Tor Vergata Departmet of Electroic Egieerig Via del Politecico 1 / 00133 / Rome / ITAL {marco.re,
More information(2) The MOSFET. Review of. Learning Outcome. (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) 2.0) Field Effect Transistor (FET)
EEEB73 Electroics Aalysis & esig II () Review of The MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semicoductor Field Effect Trasistor) Referece: Neame, Chapter 3 ad Chapter 4 Learig Outcome Able to describe ad use the followig:
More informationCONTROLLING FREQUENCY INFLUENCE ON THE OPERATION OF SERIAL THYRISTOR RLC INVERTERS
EETRONIS - September, Sozopol, BUGARIA ONTROING FREQUENY INFUENE ON THE OPERATION OF SERIA THYRISTOR R INVERTERS Evgeiy Ivaov Popov, iliya Ivaova Pideva, Borislav Nikolaev Tsakovski Departmet of Power
More informationReduction of Harmonic in a Multilevel Inverter Using Optimized Selective Harmonic Elimination Approach
ISSN (Olie) : 2319-8753 ISSN (Prit) : 2347-6710 Iteratioal Joural of Iovative Research i Sciece, Egieerig ad Techology Volume 3, Special Issue 3, March 2014 2014 Iteratioal Coferece o Iovatios i Egieerig
More informationTehrani N Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2018, 5(7):1-7
Available olie www.jsaer.com, 2018, 5(7):1-7 Research Article ISSN: 2394-2630 CODEN(USA): JSERBR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
More informationNOISE IN A SPECTRUM ANALYZER. Carlo F.M. Carobbi and Fabio Ferrini Department of Information Engineering University of Florence, Italy
NOISE IN A SPECTRUM ANALYZER by Carlo.M. Carobbi ad abio errii Departet of Iforatio Egieerig Uiversity of lorece, Italy 1. OBJECTIVE The objective is to easure the oise figure of a spectru aalyzer with
More informationA 5th order video band elliptic filter topology using OTRA based Fleischer Tow Biquad with MOS-C Realization
Natural ad Egieerig Scieces 44 olume 1, No. 2, 44-52, 2016 A 5th order video bad elliptic filter topology usig OTA based Fleischer Tow Biquad with MOS-C ealiatio Ahmet Gökçe 1*, Uğur Çam 2 1 Faculty of
More informationFault Diagnosis in Rolling Element Bearing Using Filtered Vibration and Acoustic Signal
Volume 8 o. 8 208, 95-02 ISS: 3-8080 (prited versio); ISS: 34-3395 (o-lie versio) url: http://www.ijpam.eu ijpam.eu Fault Diagosis i Rollig Elemet Usig Filtered Vibratio ad Acoustic Sigal Sudarsa Sahoo,
More informationSEE 3263: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
SEE 3263: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS Chapter 5: Thyristors 1 THYRISTORS Thyristors are devices costructed of four semicoductor layers (pp). Four-layer devices act as either ope or closed switches; for this reaso,
More informationAME50461 SERIES EMI FILTER HYBRID-HIGH RELIABILITY
PD-94595A AME5046 SERIES EMI FILTER HYBRID-HIGH RELIABILITY Descriptio The AME Series of EMI filters have bee desiged to provide full compliace with the iput lie reflected ripple curret requiremet specified
More informationA Heuristic Method: Differential Evolution for Harmonic Reduction in Multilevel Inverter System
Iteratioal Joural of Computer ad Electrical Egieerig, Vol. 5, o. 5, October 013 A Heuristic Method: Differetial Evolutio for Harmoic Reductio i Multilevel Iverter System P. Jamua ad C. Christober Asir
More informationAME28461 SERIES EMI FILTER HYBRID-HIGH RELIABILITY
PD-94597A AME28461 SERIES EMI FILTER HYBRID-HIGH RELIABILITY Descriptio The AME Series of EMI filters have bee desiged to provide full compliace with the iput lie reflected ripple curret requiremet specified
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Fall Semester, Introduction to EECS 2.
Massachusetts Istitute of Techology Dept. of Electrical Egieerig ad Computer Sciece Fall Semester, 006 6.08 Itroductio to EECS Prelab Exercises Pre-Lab#3 Modulatio, demodulatio, ad filterig are itegral
More informationSpread Spectrum Signal for Digital Communications
Wireless Iformatio Trasmissio System Lab. Spread Spectrum Sigal for Digital Commuicatios Istitute of Commuicatios Egieerig Natioal Su Yat-se Uiversity Spread Spectrum Commuicatios Defiitio: The trasmitted
More informationDelta- Sigma Modulator with Signal Dependant Feedback Gain
Delta- Sigma Modulator with Sigal Depedat Feedback Gai K.Diwakar #1 ad V.Vioth Kumar *2 # Departmet of Electroics ad Commuicatio Egieerig * Departmet of Electroics ad Istrumetatio Egieerig Vel Tech Uiversity,Cheai,
More informationA Simplified Method for Phase Noise Calculation
Poster: T-18 Simplified Method for Phase Noise Calculatio Massoud Tohidia, li Fotowat hmady* ad Mahmoud Kamarei Uiversity of Tehra, *Sharif Uiversity of Techology, Tehra, Ira Outlie Itroductio Prelimiary
More informationFPGA Implementation of SVPWM Technique for Seven-Phase VSI
Iteratioal Joural of Electroics ad Electrical Egieerig Vol., No. 4, December, 203 FPGA Implemetatio of SVPWM Techique for Seve-Phase VSI G. Reukadevi Dept. of Electrical ad Electroics Egieerig, Jeppiaar
More informationSurvey of Low Power Techniques for ROMs
Survey of Low Power Techiques for ROMs Edwi de Agel Crystal Semicoductor Corporatio P.O Box 17847 Austi, TX 78744 Earl E. Swartzlader, Jr. Departmet of Electrical ad Computer Egieerig Uiversity of Texas
More informationAnalysis and Software Implementation of a Robust Synchronizing Circuit PLL Circuit
Aalysis ad Software Implemetatio of a Robust Sychroizig Circuit PLL Circuit Diogo R. COSTA, Jr., Luís G. B. ROLIM, ad Maurício AREDES 3,,3 COPPE, UFRJ, Cidade Uiversitária, Rio de Jaeiro, Brazil, e-mail
More informationChapter 1 The Design of Passive Intermodulation Test System Applied in LTE 2600
Chapter The Desig of Passive Itermodulatio Test System Applied i LTE 600 Gogli, Wag Cheghua, You Wejue 3, Wa Yuqiag 4 Abstract. For the purpose of measurig the passive itermodulatio (PIM) products caused
More informationIntroduction to Wireless Communication Systems ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 Winter 2003
troductio to Wireless Commuicatio ystems ECE 476/ECE 501C/C 513 Witer 2003 eview for Exam #1 March 4, 2003 Exam Details Must follow seatig chart - Posted 30 miutes before exam. Cheatig will be treated
More informationRadar emitter recognition method based on AdaBoost and decision tree Tang Xiaojing1, a, Chen Weigao1 and Zhu Weigang1 1
Advaces i Egieerig Research, volume 8 d Iteratioal Coferece o Automatio, Mechaical Cotrol ad Computatioal Egieerig (AMCCE 7) Radar emitter recogitio method based o AdaBoost ad decisio tree Tag Xiaojig,
More informationHB860H 2-phase Hybrid Servo Drive
HB860H 2-phase Hybrid Servo Drive 20-70VAC or 30-100VDC, 8.2A Peak No Tuig, Nulls loss of Sychroizatio Closed-loop, elimiates loss of sychroizatio Broader operatig rage higher torque ad higher speed Reduced
More informationEncode Decode Sample Quantize [ ] [ ]
Referece Audio Sigal Processig I Shyh-Kag Jeg Departmet of Electrical Egieerig/ Graduate Istitute of Commuicatio Egieerig M. Bosi ad R. E. Goldberg, Itroductio to Digital Audio Codig ad Stadards, Kluwer
More informationLAB 7: Refractive index, geodesic lenses and leaky wave antennas
EI400 Applied Atea Theory LAB7: Refractive idex ad leaky wave ateas LAB 7: Refractive idex, geodesic leses ad leaky wave ateas. Purpose: The mai goal of this laboratory how to characterize the effective
More informationSubscriber Pulse Metering (SPM) Detection
Subscriber Pulse Meterig () Detectio Versatile telephoe call-charge ad security fuctios for PBX, Payphoe ad Pair-Gai applicatios - employig CML s family of 12kHz ad 16kHz ICs INNOVATIONS INV/Telecom//1
More informationNovel Matrix Converter Topologies with Reduced Transistor Count
Novel Matrix Coverter Topologies with Reduced Trasistor Cout. M. ajjad Hossai Rafi Electroic ystems Egieerig Hayag Uiversity Asa, outh Korea rafi@hayag.ac.kr Thomas A. Lipo Electrical & Computer Egieerig
More informationDensity Slicing Reference Manual
Desity Slicig Referece Maual Improvisio, Viscout Cetre II, Uiversity of Warwick Sciece Park, Millbur Hill Road, Covetry. CV4 7HS Tel: 0044 (0) 24 7669 2229 Fax: 0044 (0) 24 7669 0091 e-mail: admi@improvisio.com
More informationX-Bar and S-Squared Charts
STATGRAPHICS Rev. 7/4/009 X-Bar ad S-Squared Charts Summary The X-Bar ad S-Squared Charts procedure creates cotrol charts for a sigle umeric variable where the data have bee collected i subgroups. It creates
More informationSummary of Random Variable Concepts April 19, 2000
Summary of Radom Variable Cocepts April 9, 2000 his is a list of importat cocepts we have covered, rather tha a review that derives or explais them. he first ad primary viewpoit: A radom process is a idexed
More information7. Counting Measure. Definitions and Basic Properties
Virtual Laboratories > 0. Foudatios > 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7. Coutig Measure Defiitios ad Basic Properties Suppose that S is a fiite set. If A S the the cardiality of A is the umber of elemets i A, ad is
More informationComponents. Magnetics. Capacitors. Power semiconductors. Core and copper losses Core materials
Compoets Magetics Core ad copper losses Core materials Capacitors Equivalet series resistace ad iductace Capacitor types Power semicoductors Diodes MOSFETs IGBTs Power Electroics Laboratory Uiversity of
More informationZonerich AB-T88. MINI Thermal Printer COMMAND SPECIFICATION. Zonerich Computer Equipments Co.,Ltd MANUAL REVISION EN 1.
Zoerich AB-T88 MINI Thermal Priter COMMAND SPECIFICATION MANUAL REVISION EN. Zoerich Computer Equipmets Co.,Ltd http://www.zoerich.com Commad List Prit ad lie feed Prit ad carriage retur Trasmissio real-time
More informationTitle of the Paper. Graphical user interface load flow solution of radial distribution network
/Iteratioal Coferece Papers: 201718 S.No. Dept. Name of the Staff Desigati o Title of the Paper /Coferece Area Graphical user iterface load flow solutio of radial distributio etwork Dr.G.Ravidraath Prof&
More informationHVIC Technologies for IPM
HVIC Techologies for IPM JONISHI, Akihiro AKAHANE, Masashi YAMAJI, Masaharu ABSTRACT A high voltage itegrated (HVIC), which is a gate driver IC with a high breakdow voltage, is oe of the key devices required
More informationDistorting and Unbalanced Operating Regime A Possible Diagnosis Method?
Distortig ad Ubalaced Operatig Regime A Possible Diagosis Method? Petre-Maria NICOLAE, Uiversity of Craiova. Faculty of Electrotechics, picolae@elth.ucv.ro, Decebal Blv. 107, Craiova, 00440, ROMANIA Abstract.
More informationYour name. Scalable Regulated Three Phase Power Rectifier. Introduction. Existing System Designed in 1996 from Dr. Hess and Dr. Wall.
Scalable Regulated Three Phase Power Rectifier ECE480 Seior Desig Review Tyler Budziaowski & Tao Nguye Mar 31, 2004 Istructor: Dr. Jim Frezel Techical Advisors: Dr. Hess ad Dr. Wall Sposors: Dr. Hess ad
More informationSensors & Transducers 2015 by IFSA Publishing, S. L.
Sesors & Trasducers 215 by IFSA Publishig, S. L. http://www.sesorsportal.com Uiversal Sesors ad Trasducers Iterface for Mobile Devices: Metrological Characteristics * Sergey Y. YURISH ad Javier CAÑETE
More informationApplication of Improved Genetic Algorithm to Two-side Assembly Line Balancing
206 3 rd Iteratioal Coferece o Mechaical, Idustrial, ad Maufacturig Egieerig (MIME 206) ISBN: 978--60595-33-7 Applicatio of Improved Geetic Algorithm to Two-side Assembly Lie Balacig Ximi Zhag, Qia Wag,
More informationCAEN Tools for Discovery
Applicatio Note AN2506 Digital Gamma Neutro discrimiatio with Liquid Scitillators Viareggio 19 November 2012 Itroductio I recet years CAEN has developed a complete family of digitizers that cosists of
More informationFingerprint Classification Based on Directional Image Constructed Using Wavelet Transform Domains
7 Figerprit Classificatio Based o Directioal Image Costructed Usig Wavelet Trasform Domais Musa Mohd Mokji, Syed Abd. Rahma Syed Abu Bakar, Zuwairie Ibrahim 3 Departmet of Microelectroic ad Computer Egieerig
More informationReconfigurable architecture of RNS based high speed FIR filter
Idia Joural of Egieerig & Materials Scieces Vol. 21, April 214, pp. 233-24 Recofigurable architecture of RNS based high speed FIR filter J Britto Pari* & S P Joy Vasatha Rai Departmet of Electroics Egieerig,
More informationHOW BAD RECEIVER COORDINATES CAN AFFECT GPS TIMING
HOW BAD RECEIVER COORDINATES CAN AFFECT GPS TIMING H. Chadsey U.S. Naval Observatory Washigto, D.C. 2392 Abstract May sources of error are possible whe GPS is used for time comparisos. Some of these mo
More informationDelta- Sigma Modulator based Discrete Data Multiplier with Digital Output
K.Diwakar et al. / Iteratioal Joural of Egieerig ad echology (IJE Delta- Sigma Mulator based Discrete Data Multiplier with Digital Output K.Diwakar #,.ioth Kumar *2, B.Aitha #3, K.Kalaiarasa #4 # Departmet
More informationComparison of Frequency Offset Estimation Methods for OFDM Burst Transmission in the Selective Fading Channels
Compariso of Frequecy Offset Estimatio Methods for OFDM Burst Trasmissio i the Selective Fadig Chaels Zbigiew Długaszewski Istitute of Electroics ad Telecommuicatios Pozań Uiversity of Techology 60-965
More informationExperimental Noise Analysis of Reed Switch Sensor Signal under Environmental Vibration
Computer Techology ad Applicatio 7 (16) 96-1 doi: 1.1765/1934-733/16..4 D DAVID PUBLISHING Experimetal Noise Aalysis of Reed Switch Sesor Sigal uder Evirometal Vibratio Odgerel Ayurzaa 1 ad Hiesik Kim
More information