GSM-Based Gas Leakage Detection and Alert System

Transcription

1 GSM-Baed Ga Leakage Detection and Alert Sytem Olubuola Olufunke NUGA 1, Kamoli Akinwale AMUSA 1, Ayorinde Joeph OLANIPEKUN 1,* 1 Electrical and Electronic Department, College of Engineering, Federal Univerity of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) nugaoo@funaaab.edu.ng/amuaakinwale@gmail.com/ayorindelanny@yahoo.com * Correponding Author: ayorindelanny@yahoo.com Date of Firt Submiion: 28/09/2017 Date Accepted: 31/10/2017 Abtract: In thi communication, an efficient method of detecting the leakage of cooking ga and alerting people about it occurrence via the ue of exiting Global Sytem for Mobile Communication (GSM) infratructure wa developed. The GSM-baed ga leakage alert ytem utilize a ga enor to detect leakage in the event that it occur and then end hort meage to a predefined telephone number. MQ2 ga enor, PIC 16F877A microcontroller, GSM modem and a DC tepper motor are the main hardware component employed in the development the ga leakage detection and alert ytem. The propoed ytem play two role in the event of ga leakage: alerting people about the leakage of ga by ending hort meage to the predefined telephone number and by cloing of the cylinder head to prevent further leakage by uing the tepper motor. The developed GSM-baed ga leakage detection and alert ytem i uitable for deployment in home, laboratorie and retaurant to check undeirable event of ga leakage and attendant rik. Keyword: GSM modem, Detection, Cooking Ga, DC Stepper Motor, PIC Microcontroller. 1. INTRODUCTION There are diater that are heard of and looking back at them, we realize they are actually avoidable epecially dometic fire incident. One frequent caue of dometic fire incident, which can be prevented, i the ga leakage. In modern home, ga cooker are fat replacing electric cooker and keroene tove for dometic cooking. In office and laboratorie, cooking ga i employed for divere application. The cooking ga, otherwie known a the Liquefied Petroleum Ga (LPG), i firt produced in 1910 by Walter Snelling a a mixture of commercial Propane and commercial Butane. It comprie of both aturated and unaturated hydrocarbon. Going by increaing level of patronage of LPG for cooking and heating application, coming up with afety meaure and method of checkmating the impact of fire outbreak that may reult from it leakage ha attracted attention of many reearcher. Prior to the development of houehold electronic ga detector in the early 90, chemically infued paper, that change it colour in repone to expoure of the ga, i ued to detect preence of cooking ga. Since the introduction of electronic ga detector, a number of device have been developed to monitor and alert the people in the event of wide array of gae leakage [1,2]. Wirele enor network were ued for detection of leakage in ga tanker [3]. A multiple ga ening wa worked upon uing Taguchi enor [4]. Ramya and Palaniappan developed embedded ytem for ytem detecting hazardou ga [5]. Murugan et al. developed an embedded ytem uing GSM for monitoring Indutrial temperature [6]. GSM baed energy meter wa developed by Jain et al., in 2012 [7]. Likewie, variou work have applied the tepper motor, which wa applied in thi work, for high peed control, parameter etimation and even it modeling and damping technique [8-11]. MQ2 ga enor i a emiconductor type material baically ued a a dometic ga leakage detector. The enitive material of the ga enor i tin oxide which ha low conductivity in clean air. In the detection ytem the MQ2 ga enor i ued which i enible to LPG, iobutene and propane gae [12, 13]. The enor can detect up to part per million concentration of ga in the air [14]. GSM infratructure are widely available in mot area where cooking ga i heavily employed for cooking and heating purpoe. When ue i made of thee reource, a modular ga leakage detection and alert ytem can be developed. Thi motivate thi work, where GSM-baed ga leakage detection and alerting ytem i developed uing MQ2 ga enor a a detector and GSM module a agent for alert via hort meage. The developed device ha ix major functional unit: the power upply, the enor, the microcontroller, the tranmitter, alarm and the mechanical unit. 2. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS The developed GSM-baed ga leakage detection and alert ytem i illutrated in Figure 1. It work by ening the leakage of LPG. Thi i indicated viually via witching ON of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to alert urrounding people about the event LPG leakage. Simultaneouly, a hort meage i ent to a pre-defined telephone number to alert the concern people of the occurrence of the LPG leakage. MQ2 ga enor ued i capable of detecting wide varietie of dometic cooking gae like butane, propane and methane. The ga enor i interfaced with the microcontroller o that if any ga leakage i detected at it input, it give an output that i fed into the Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) unit of 100

2 the microcontroller. The microcontroller then generate hort meage a a repone to the GSM module. Proviion i made for mechanical unit in the developed ytem to provide a third level of control uch that after viual indication of ga leakage through lighting of LED and ending of hort meage to a pre-defined telephone number, a DC tepper motor witche off the ga upply to prevent it further pread. SENSOR POWER SUPPLY 16F877A MICRO- CONTROLLER GSM MODULE ALARM Figure 1:The Block Diagram of the GSM Baed Ga Leakage Security Alert Sytem 2.1 Power Supply The power upply unit for thi work wa developed to factor in power requirement of variou component that make up the entire device. The tepper motor ued require 24V dc upply. A 220/12V, 300mA centre tap tranformer wa ued in the power upply unit. Half wave rectification wa done to achieve charging of the battery which powered the developed ga detector and alert ytem. IN4007 diode wa employed in thi regard and a capacitor C O with value of 1000μF wa ued for moothening. 2.2 PIC Microcontroller The microcontroller employed in thi work i the PIC 16F877A. It i a 40-pin, 8-bit, with reduced intruction et computing main architecture. The microcontroller ued in thi work operate at an input frequency of 20MHz [15]. Crytal ocillator wa ued to generate clock and to provide frequency tability to the microcontroller. What determine the choice of the crytal i the type of GSM modem employed. The baud rate of the GSM modem ued i 115.2kb/. The crytal ocillator terminal are connected to the PIN 13 and PIN 14 of the micro controller to drive the device. Two capacitor C 1 and C 2, act a the load capacitance of the crytal and for moothening of the clock pule. Generally, the load capacitance, tray capacitance and moothening capacitance are related by: C C 1 2 C = + C (1) L C + C 1 2 C L i the optimum load capacitance for a given crytal a pecified by the crytal ocillator manufacturer. C S i the tray capacitance on the printed board circuit; typically a value of 5.5pF i pecified in the dataheet. Suppoe C 1 = C 2, equation (1) reduce to C C 1 = + C (2) L 2 With C L = 22pF and C S = 5pF, the value of C 1 i determined uing eqn. (2) to be 30pF. 2.3 Senor MQ2 ga enor i employed a ga ening device. The enitive material of the MQ2 enor i tin oxide, which ha low conductivity in clean air. With preence of ga in it environment, MQ2 conductivity increae in proportion to ga concentration. MQ2 enor ue a imple drive circuit to convert change in it conductivity to the correponding output ignal repreenting the ga concentration. The enor ha ix pin. Four of the pin are ued for fetching of ignal while the other two pin provide enough heat to the ening element. MQ2 enor require two voltage: heat voltage V H and circuit voltage V C. V H i needed to enure the enor i maintained at certified working temperature while V H i ued to detect voltage V RL on erie load reitance with the enor. From dataheet [16] both V H and V c hould be 5V ± 0.1 each. In the event of ga detection, MQ2 end ignal in the form of current in analogue form to the analogue input pin of the microcontroller, which are pin 2 and 3. Thi explain the choice of pin 2 and 3 of the microcontroller for the connection of the ga enor. The reitance of the ening element i changed in repone to ga aborption. The value of the current coming out of the enor i thu altered from that of input. Eqn. (3) and (4) are the governing equation for the enor reitance and power enitivity. Figure 2 illutrate the tet circuit diagram of MQ2 enor. Vc R = (3) V 1 RL 2 R P = V (4) c 2 ( R + R L) where, R = the ening reitance of the MQ2 enor; V c = circuit voltage; V RL = voltage drop acro load reitance; R L =load reitance and P = power enitivity Figure 2: Tet Circuit of MQ 2 Ga Senor Ga i traditionally kept in an airtight cylinder, the preure of which i a function of the volume of the ga inide. The 101

3 volume of the ga leak detected i a function of the condition of the pace where the cylinder i located. Such factor include the ize of the pace, the level of ventilation and the ambient temperature of the location. 2.4 GSM Modem SIM900 modem, which i a complete Quad-band GSM olution that can be embedded in the conumer application, i utilized in thi work. The modem require voltage in the range of 3V-3.9V to function. The GSM modem i interfaced with AT cellular command a well a an external ubcriber identity module (SIM) card at a voltage 3V/1.8V[17,18]. Each of the microcontroller pin i at voltage of 5V. Since the modem operate at 3.9V (maximum), it direct interfacing with the microcontroller i not poible to avoid damage. To interface the PIC tranmitter and GSM receiver, a limiting reitor i ued in erie with a Zener diode. Thi i employed to tep down 5V from the microcontroller to 3.9V (maximum) require by the GSM modem. The value of the limiting reitor ued with the Zener diode i obtained a V V z 5 3 R = = = 200Ω 3 I z where R = the limiting reitance; V S = microcontroller pin voltage; V 2 = voltage drop acro Zener diode and I 2 = current through Zener diode, which i uually 10mA. MMS S S / ec = (6) 60 I where MMS = maximum machine peed. The motor i powered by 24V dc upply. A 1000µ F capacitor i ued in the motor circuit to check the ripple that may arie from motor action. Complimentary pair configuration of tranitor i utilized to enure the required current of 100mA i available to drive the teeper motor. 3. SOFTWARE PHASE AND DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION The microcontroller i the only component that require intruction to be written and run it to perform the deire role. Aembly language i ued in the programming of the microcontroller. Figure 3 illutrate the flowchart of procedure of programming the microcontroller to achieve the deire function. After the deign exercie, variou component decribed earlier in the deign conideration ection were ourced. The developed GSM-baed ga leakage detection and alert ytem wa then implemented uing the obtained circuit diagram from the deign. 2.5 Alarm Viual alarm i provided in thi work via the ue of the light emitting diode (LED). Eight LED are utilized in thi work for indication. The LEDS operation are configured uch that on power on of the developed device, only the lat five LED will lit up while the firt three will not. In the event of ga leak, the firt three LED come up to alert people around of the occurrence of the ga leak. A voltage of 2V i required by a LED with a minimum current of 10mA. There i need for limiting reitor to interface a LED with a microcontroller pin at 5V. The value of limiting reitance employed i 1kΩ. NO IS GAS KNOB OPEN? START LPG LEAKAGE DETECTED? YES SEND MESSAGE TO PIC MICROCONTROLLER NO KEEP LED AND BUZZER OFF 2.6 DC Stepper Motor The tepper motor i the type where a full rotation i divided into number of maller tep. By thi, the operation of the motor can be carefully calibrated to uit application uch a turning on or off of a knob. The operation of tepper motor i very dependent on it drive circuit. In other word, the motor poition, through calibration can be commanded to move and hold at any of it tep provided the motor i carefully ized to it application. The tep per inch i the number of tep the motor haft mut turn in order for the motor to cover an inch ditance. Thi i computed uing the relation given in eqn. (5) S L 1 M r = (5) I L M M i c r Where S/I = tep per inch; L r /L i =lead crew revolution per inche; M c =number of micro tep the electronic are configured for; M /M r = the motor tep per revolution. The motor tep per econd meaured in Hertz i computed uing KEEP OFF YES START SEND MESSAGE TO GSM MODEM SEND MESSAGE TO PREDEFINED PHONE NUMBER STOP Figure 3: Flowchart of GSM-baed Ga Leakage Detection and Alert Sytem 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Upon execution of thi work, a GSM baed ga leakage detection and alert ytem wa obtained. The teting of the device wa done from the initial tage of the circuit to the final tage where all ection of the device had been coupled

4 4.1 Senor Unit The MQ2 enor i the concern component for tet here. Although the ga enor i ued to detect mainly LPG, it can detect other ubtance like keroene, petrol, and cigarette moke. Hence, the teting of the GSM-baed ga leakage detection and alert ytem wa carried out uing LPG and premium motor pirit (petrol).different quantitie of thee ubtance were meaured and ued to tet the operation of the ga enor by oberving the repone time of the enor to detect the preence or otherwie of the ubtance. Obtained reult are preented in Table 1 and 2, repectively, for petrol and LPG. The quantity of petrol wa meaured in term of volume while the quantity of the LPG wa meaured in term of concentration (mall, medium and large concentration). The quantity of LPG wa meaured in concentration becaue volume of the ga that leaked could not be eaily meaured. Hence the meaurement wa defined in concentration. Table 1: Time repone of enor to varying quantitie of petrol Volume of Petrol Time taken by the enor for detection (ec) (ml) Firt Second Third Average Table 2: Time repone of enor to varying quantitie of LPG Concentration Time taken by the enor for detection (ec) Firt Second Third Average Small Medium Large GSM Module It i neceary to acertain which of the operator offer better ervice in the area where the developed ga leakage detection and alert ytem i to be deployed. The ability of the GSM module to end hort meage to a predefined phone number i teted. The tet wa conducted at the Electronic Laboratory of the Federal Univerity of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB). The module wa found to communicate effectively well with the pre-defined phone number i.e. relay the information from the ignal proceing module of the ga leakage detection and alert ytem to the pre-defined uer phone number. The time taken by different communication network to deliver the ent meage wa alo recorded. The SIM card in the GSM modem wa changed in turn while carrying out thi tet. The reading obtained for four different mobile network available currently in Nigeria are preented in Table 3. It can be inferred from Table 3 that, a at the time of conducting the meage delivery time tet on the developed GSM-baed ga leakage detection and alert ytem, the communication network A perform better than the other three. The implication of thi reult i that periodically, the uer hould check and acertain the average meage delivery time in order to decide the preferred SIM card to inert in the GSM module. Thi i in order to enure reduced time of getting the meage and fater repone time in cae of emergencie. Table 3: Delivery time of hort meage ent by GSM module Network Provider At New female hotel FUNAAB At Camp, Abeokuta Delivery Time () Delivery Time () Average delivery time () A B C D Average delivery time () 5. CONCLUSIONS A ga leakage detection and alert ytem ha been developed in thi work. The developed ytem will not only detect LPG leakage but go further to prevent further leakage if the caue of the leakage i due to accidental or deliberate opening of the head. Simultaneouly, a hort SMS i ent to a pre-defined phone number uing GSM infratructure to alert the concern people of the incident of ga leakage. Going by the reult of the tet carried out after implementation of the deign of thi work, it i concluded that the developed ytem i uitable for ue in home and retaurant to foretall and check incidence of LPG leakage and diater that may follow uch leakage. All that i required i to place the developed device on or beide the LPG cylinder head. REFERENCES [1] Sood, A., Sonkar, B., Ranjan, A., Faial, A. (2015). Microcontroller Baed LPG Ga Leakage Detector Uing GSM Module. International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Reearch vol. 3 no2, pp [2] Nuga, O.O., Amua, K. A., Olanipekun, A. J., Odedina, O.T.. (2016). GSM Baed Ga Leakage Security Alert Sytem. Proceeding of the 2016 International Conference on SET: A driving force for utainable development tagged COLENG 2016, Federal Univerity of Agriculture, Abeokuta, March 7-11, 2016.pp [3] Shinde, S., Patil, S. B. and Patil, A. J. (2012), Development of movable ga tanker leakage detection uing wirele enor network baed on embedded ytem, International Journal of Engineering Reearch and Application(IJTERA), vol. 2, pp ,

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